Wynne Griffin Handugan BSN2-A2 Pharmacology-A2

Drug Study: A. Anti-emetic , B. Anti-Ulcer

A. Anti-emetic: DEXAMETHASONE (DEXPAK)

Drug Name Classification Mechanism Indication Contraindication Adverse Nursing

of Action Reaction Responsibilities

1. Generic Name Classification:Cor Dexamethaso Hypercalce Hypersensitivity; Growth Assessment 

:dexamethasone,dex ticosteroid, ne is a mia active untreated retardati • History for
amethasone acetate , Glucocorticoid, synthetic associated infections; on, systemic
dexamethasone Hormone  glucocorticoid with ophthalmic use in osteopor administration:
sodium phosphate  which cancer  viral, fungal osis, Active infections;
Pregnancy decreases • Short-term disease of the eye. peptic renal or hepatic
Category C inflammation manageme ulcer, disease;
2. Brand Name: by inhibiting nt of glaucoma hypothyroidism,
• Oral, topical the migration various and ulcerative colitis;
dermatologic aerosol of leukocytes inflammat subcapsu diverticulitis;
and gel, ophthalmic and reversal ory and lar active or latent
suspension: Aeroseb- of increased allergic cataracts, peptic ulcer;
Dex, Decadron, capillary disorders, vertebral inflammatory
Hexadrol, Maxidex permeability. such as compress bowel disease;
Ophthalmic, ratio- It suppresses rheumatoi ion CHF,
Dexanamethasone normal d arthritis, fractures. hypertension,
(CAN)  immune collagen Cushing- thromboembolic
• IM, intra-articular, or response diseases like disorders;
soft-tissue (SLE), features, osteoporosis;
injection: Cortastat dermatolo pancreati seizure
LA, Dalalone L.A., gic c disorders;
Decaject LA, diseases dysfuncti diabetes
Dexasone-L.A., (pemphigu on and mellitus;
Dexone LA, Solurex s), status pancreati lactation 
LA asthmaticu tis, GI • History for
• IV, IM, intra-articular, s, and upsets, ophthalmic
intralesional autoimmu increased preparations:
injection; respiratory ne appetite, Acute superficial
inhalant; intranasal disorders  increased herpes simplex
steroid; ophthalmic • Hematolog fragility keratitis, fungal
solution and ic of the infections of
ointment; topical disorders: skin. ocular structures;
dermatologic Thromboc Increased vaccinia,
cream: Cortastat, ytopenic susceptib varicella, and
Dalalone, Decadron purpura, ility to other viral
Phosphate, Decaject, erythrobla infection. diseases of the
Dexasone, Hexadrol stopenia  Topical cornea and
Phosphate, Solurex • Trichinosis applicatio conjunctiva;
with n: Dermal ocular TB 
neurologic atrophy, • Physical for
or local systemic
 myocardial irritation, administration:
involveme folliculitis Baseline body
nt  , delayed weight, T;
• Ulcerative wound reflexes, and grip
colitis, healing, strength, affect,
acute systemic and orientation;
exacerbati absorptio P, BP, peripheral
ons of MS, n and perfusion,
and toxicity prominence of
palliation with superficial veins;
in some occlusive R and
leukemias dressing adventitious
and on sounds; serum
lymphoma applicatio electrolytes,
s  n to large blood glucose 
• Cerebral areas of • Physical for topical
edema the body dermatologic
associated and preparations:
with brain broken Affected area for
tumor, skin. infections, skin
craniotom Topical injury 
y, or head applicatio Interventions 
injury  n to eye: • For systemic
• Testing Corneal administration,
adrenocor ulcers, do not give drug
tical glaucoma to nursing
hyperfunc and mothers; drug is
tion  reduced secreted in
• Unlabeled visual breast milk. 
uses: ability. • WARNING: Give
Antiemetic Inhalatio daily doses
for n: before 9 AM to
cisplatin- Hoarsene mimic normal
induced ss, peak
vomiting, candidias corticosteroid
diagnosis is of blood levels. 
of mouth • Increase dosage
depression  and when patient is
• Intra- throat. subject to stress. 
articular or Intra- • Taper doses when
soft-tissue articular discontinuing
administra inj: high-dose or
tion: Aseptic long-term
Arthritis, necrosis therapy. 
psoriatic of bone • Do not give live
plaques  and joint virus vaccines
• Respirator damage. with
y inhalant: • Potentia immunosuppress
Control of lly ive doses of
bronchial Fatal: HP corticosteroids. 
asthma A • For respiratory
requiring supressio inhalant,
corticoster n; CV intranasal
 oids in collapse preparation, do
conjunctio on rapid not use
n with IV admin. respiratory
other inhalant during
therapy  an acute
• Intranasal: asthmatic attack
Relief of or to manage
symptoms status
of seasonal asthmaticus. 
or • Do not use
perennial intranasal
rhinitis product with
that untreated local
responds nasal infections,
poorly to epistaxis, nasal
other trauma, septal
treatments  ulcers, or recent
• Dermatolo nasal surgery. 
gic • WARNING: Taper
preparatio systemic steroids
ns: Relief carefully during
of transfer to
inflammat inhalational
ory and steroids; adrenal
pruritic insufficiency
manifesta deaths have
tions of occurred. 
dermatose • For topical
s that are dermatologic
steroid- preparations, use
responsive  caution when
• Ophthalmi occlusive
c dressings, tight
preparatio diapers cover
ns: affected area;
Inflammati these can
on of the increase systemic
lid, absorption. 
conjunctiv • Avoid prolonged
a, cornea, use near the
and globe eyes, in genital
and rectal areas,
and in skin
creases. 
Teaching points 

Systemic
administration 
• Do not stop taking
the oral drug
without
consulting your
health care
 provider. 
• Avoid exposure to
infection. 
• Report unusual
weight gain,
swelling of the
extremities,
muscle
weakness, black
or tarry stools,
fever, prolonged
sore throat, colds
or other
infections,
worsening of this
disorder. 
Intra-articular
administration 
• Do not overuse
joint after
therapy, even if
pain is gone. 
Respiratory
inhalant,
intranasal
preparation 
• Do not use more
often than
prescribed. 
• Do not stop using
this drug without
consulting health
care provider. 
• Use the
inhalational
bronchodilator
drug before
using the oral
inhalant product
when using
both. 
• Administer
decongestant
nose drops first if
nasal passages
are blocked. 
Topical 
• Apply the drug
sparingly. 
• Avoid contact with
eyes. 
• Report any
irritation or
 infection at the
site of
application. 
Ophthalmic 
• Administer as
follows: Lie down
or tilt head
backward and
look at ceiling.
Warm tube of
ointment in hand
for several
minutes. Apply
one-fourth to
one-half inch of
ointment, or
drop suspension
inside lower
eyelid while
looking up. After
applying
ointment, close
eyelids and roll
eyeball in all
directions. After
instilling eye
drops, release
lower lid, but do
not blink for at
least 30 seconds;
apply gentle
pressure to the
inside corner of
the eye for 1
minute. Do not
close eyes
tightly, and try
not to blink more
often than usual;
do not touch
ointment tube or
dropper to eye,
fingers, or any
surface. 
• Wait at least 10
minutes before
using any other
eye
preparations. 
• Eyes will become
more sensitive to
light (use
sunglasses). 
• Report worsening
of the condition,
pain, itching,
swelling of the
eye, failure of
the condition to
improve after 1
week.