Single Aisle Technical Training Manual T1+T2 (IAE V2500) (LVL 2&3) APU

Single Aisle
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

T1+T2 (IAE V2500) (Lvl 2&3)
APU
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Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
APU
GENERAL
APU System Component Location (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
APU Installation Presentation (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
APU Fuel Feed System D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
HONEYWELL 131-9(A)
APU Drain System Presentation (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
APU Basic Description (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
APU Ignition & Starting D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
APU Fuel System D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
APU Indication System (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
APU Oil System D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
APU Air System D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
APU System Management D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
ECB Interfaces (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
APIC
APU Drain System Presentation (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
APU Basic Description (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
APU Ignition & Starting D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
APU Fuel System D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
APU Indication System (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
APU Oil System D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
APU Air System D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
APU System Management D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
ECB Interfaces (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
APU Film Presentation (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
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MAINTENANCE PRACTICE
COMPT Access Doors Opening & Closing (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
APU System Line Maintenance (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
APU Removal / Installation (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
T1+T2 (IAE V2500) (Lvl 2&3) TABLE OF CONTENTS Feb 01, 2011
49 - APU Page 1
APU SYSTEM COMPONENT LOCATION (2)

SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) is a constant speed gas turbine engine.
It is located in the unpressurized tail cone. The APU is a self-contained
unit, which enables the aircraft to be independent of external pneumatic
and electrical power sources.
The constant-speed gas turbine engine drives the accessory gearbox and
a load compressor. The APU provides:
- electrical power for the aircraft systems,
- bleed air for engine starting (MES), air conditioning (ECS) and wing
anti ice testing on ground (not GTCP 36-300),
- bleed air for air conditioning and pressurization in flight until the
specified manufacturer limit.
The APU is designed to operate throughout the entire flight envelope.
Electrical power is available whenever the APU operates, but bleed air
is shut off above the specified manufacturer limit.
The APU has an air intake flap. The intake flap is open when the APU
master switch is selected ON and closes when the master switch is selected
OFF. When open, it provides air to the APU inlet for combustion and
pneumatic supply.
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW
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COMPONENT LOCATION
The APU is installed in the tail section of the fuselage.
ENGINE VIEW
The left and right hand sides of the APIC 3200 APU are shown.
The left and right hand sides of the Honeywell 131-9 [A] APU are
shown.
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COMPONENT LOCATION - ENGINE VIEW
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COMPONENT LOCATION (continued)
ELECTRONIC CONTROL BOX (ECB)
The ECB is in the aft cargo compartment, RH side.
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COMPONENT LOCATION - ELECTRONIC CONTROL BOX (ECB)
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COMPONENT LOCATION (continued)
AIR INTAKE FLAP
The APU has an air intake flap. The air intake flap opens when the
APU MASTER SWitch is set to ON and it closes when the MASTER
SWitch is set to OFF and the APU stops. When open, it supplies air
to the APU inlet for combustion and pneumatic supply.
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COMPONENT LOCATION - AIR INTAKE FLAP
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APU INSTALLATION PRESENTATION (2)

GENERAL ACCESS DOORS
The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) is installed in a fireproof COMParTment Two access doors allow access to the APU COMPT. The access doors
(COMPT) located in the fuselage tail cone. on the bottom of the tail cone open outwards to allow the APU to be
inspected, lifted and lowered.
MOUNTS
DRAIN SYSTEM
Seven tie rods attach the APU to the structure brackets on the APU
COMPT ceiling. These tie rods also connect to the APU three-point A drain system prevents the collection of fluids in the APU COMPT.
mounted suspension system. Vibration isolators are installed between Any fluid that may accumulate in the APU COMPT is delivered to a
the APU mount brackets and the tie rods to reduce the transmission of drain mast. Some of the fluids are collected in a drain tank in the APU
A/C vibrations and shocks to the APU. The isolators also prevent the COMPT, which is emptied through the drain mast when the A/C is above
transmission of vibrations from the APU to the A/C structure. 200 kt.
AIR INTAKE FLAP

The air intake system ducts ambient air to the APU plenum chamber. An
air intake flap cuts off the air supply when the APU does not operate. In
case of failure, the air intake flap can be opened or closed manually by
a manual override device.
AIR INTAKE DUCT

The air intake duct, which is composed of a diffuser and elbow, provides
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correct airflow to the APU plenum. The air intake duct is attached to the
right access door.
EXHAUST
The exhaust system lets the APU exhaust gas flow into the atmosphere
and muffles the noise from the exhaust. The exhaust muffler thermal
insulation protects the A/C structure.
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GENERAL ... DRAIN SYSTEM
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APU FUEL FEED SYSTEM D/O (3)

GENERAL APU INLET LP SWITCH
The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) fuel feed system is used to provide fuel At the inlet connection of the Fuel Control Unit (FCU), a pressure switch
necessary for correct APU operation. This system is composed of: transmits LP information through the ECB to the APU ECAM page. The
- fuel pump (115V AC, 400Hz, single phase), FUEL LOw PRessure message is displayed on the APU ECAM page if:
- LP valve, - the APU speed is greater than 7% rpm and the APU is supposed to run,
- APU inlet LP switch, - the fuel pressure is lower than 15.8 psi (1.01 bar).
- fuel drain and vent system. The ECB memorizes this information in its BITE memory even if the
pressure increases above 17.3 psi (1.19 bar).
FUEL PUMP
FUEL DRAIN AND VENT SYSTEM
The APU fuel pump is a centrifugal pump driven by a single phase AC
motor. This pump is controlled to run if the APU MASTER SW P/B is A vent APU fuel line P/B, located on the front firewall allows the APU
set to ON and the fuel crossfeed line pressure is not sufficient. The fuel fuel feed line to be purged during ground maintenance. As long as the
crossfeed line pressure switch controls the operation of the APU fuel P/B is held pressed in, the APU fuel LP isolation valve is open and the
pump. The APU fuel pump runs as soon as the pump inlet pressure is APU fuel pump runs. A fuel drain and vent valve is installed in the APU
lower than 21.8 psi (1.50 bar). It stops when the pressure is above 23.2 compartment at the fuel inlet connection to the FCU. It allows fuel to be
psi (1.60 bar). drained and air to be bled.
FUEL LP VALVE
Two DC motors drive the APU fuel LP valve. This valve is open as long
as the Electronic Control Box (ECB) is powered. When closed, it prevents
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pressurization of the APU fuel feed line and flow of fuel into a specific
fire zone. The APU fuel LP valve is automatically closed when:
- the APU MASTER SW P/B has been released out and before ECB is
deenergized,
- the ECB commands a protective shut down in case of abnormal APU
parameters,
- the ECB commands an emergency shut down in case of APU fire or
overheat detection,
- the APU FIRE P/B is released out in the cockpit,
- the APU SHUT OFF P/B has been pressed on the external power control
panel.
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GENERAL ... FUEL DRAIN AND VENT SYSTEM
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APU DRAIN SYSTEM PRESENTATION (2)

APU DRAIN SYSTEM TURBINE PLENUM DRAIN
A drain system prevents the collection of fluids in the Auxiliary Power A turbine plenum drain orifice is provided to drain fuel that may
Unit (APU) system and compartment. accumulate in the combustor following an unsuccessful light-up. The
fuel is drained directly overboard through the drain mast.
FUEL CONTROL UNIT/OIL PUMP SEAL DRAIN
EXHAUST MUFFLER DRAIN
The fuel and oil pump seal drain line is routed via a collector line to the
drain tank. This line drains fuel or oil leaks. The exhaust muffler drain line is routed to the drain mast. This drain line
collects water or cleaning fluid.
INLET GUIDE VANE ACTUATOR DRAIN
APU COMPARTMENT DRAIN
The Inlet Guide Vane (IGV) actuator drain line is routed via the collector
line to the drain tank. This line drains only fuel leaks. Water coming from rain or condensate humidity, cleaning agents and
any oil and fuel in the compartment, due to leaks or APU servicing, are
GEARBOX VENT drained to the lowest point of the APU door and through the drain mast
overboard.
The oil reservoir has a connection to the ambient air through an air/oil
separator. The gear driven air/oil separator is connected through a gearbox DRAIN TANK
vent line to the APU exhaust cone.
For venting and evacuation, the drain tank is connected to the drain mast.
SURGE CONTROL VALVE DRAIN Airflow across the drain mast creates a vacuum in the drain line. The
suction effect produced at 200 kts, is sufficient to remove the contents
The surge control valve fuel is drained into the drain tank by the Fuel
of the drain tank. A vent line ventilates the drain tank and drain lines.
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Control Unit (FCU)/IGV actuator common drain line.

The APU drain lines are connected to the right access door drain lines
LOAD COMPRESSOR CAVITY DRAIN through spring adapter kiss seals.
To prevent any ingestion of oil in the bleed system the load compressor
bearing cavities are kept dry by buffering air into the main shaft seals.
An oil leak witness drain is located aft of the seal to collect any oil
leakage. The oil is drained directly overboard through the drain mast.
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APU DRAIN SYSTEM ... DRAIN TANK
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APU BASIC DESCRIPTION (3)

- a dual alloy second stage rotor,
GENERAL - an annular exhaust diffuser.
The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) is of a modular design. The three APU LOAD COMPRESSOR
modules are:
- the power section, The load compressor is of a single stage centrifugal design. It supplies
- the load compressor, bleed air to the pneumatic system. The main components of the load
- the accessory drive gearbox. compressor are:
- the inlet guide vane assembly,
ENGINE COMPRESSOR - the load compressor impeller,
- the load compressor diffuser,
The compressor is of a single stage centrifugal compressor design. The
- the load compressor scroll.
main components of the compressor are:
- a single stage centrifugal impeller, INLET GUIDE VANES
- single stage diffuser vanes,
- axial de-swirl vanes. The Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs) control the amount of bleed air flow and
pressure from the APU load compressor. The 16 IGVs are moved
COMBUSTION CHAMBER simultaneously by a gear train operated by an actuator. The IGV actuator
is operated by high-pressure fuel supplied from the Fuel Control Unit
The combustion chamber is of a reverse flow annular design and is
(FCU). The IGV opening angle depends on the bleed air demand for:
installed inside the turbine plenum. The main parts of the combustion
- Main Engine Start (MES) system,
chamber are:
- Environmental Control System (ECS).
- the inner combustion chamber shell,
- the outer combustion chamber shell. ACCESSORY GEARBOX
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The following components are installed on the combustion chamber:

- an igniter plug, The gearbox transmits the shaft power to the APU accessories and to the
- 10 dual orifice fuel nozzles. APU generator, which are installed on the gearbox pads. The gearbox is
also the oil reservoir for the APU lubrication system. The components
TURBINE mounted on the accessory gearbox are:
- the starter motor assembly,
The turbine assembly drives the engine compressor, the load compressor
- the cooling air fan assembly,
and the gear train of the Accessory Gearbox (AGB). The two-stage axial
- the lubrication unit with the oil pump assembly which drives the FCU,
flow turbine includes:
- the AC generator.
- a cooled first stage nozzle,
- inserted first stage rotor blades,
- an un cooled second stage stator,
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GENERAL ... ACCESSORY GEARBOX
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APU IGNITION & STARTING D/O (3)

STARTER CONTROL
During starting, the electrical starter causes initial rotation of the Auxiliary
Power Unit (APU) shaft when it drives the Accessory Gearbox (AGB).
When the APU speed is around 50%, the Electronic Control Box (ECB)
stops the electrical supply to the starter by opening the main start
contactor.
The main start contactor 5KA and the backup start contactor 10KA are
heavy duty contactors that switch electrical current to the starter motor.
During Ram Air Turbine (RAT) extension, APU starting is inhibited by
the Battery Charge Limiters (BCL 1 and BCL 2), which prevent operation
of the main start contactor 5 KA by removing the necessary ground signal,
to operate the Main Start Contactor, from the MASTER SW.
IGNITION CONTROL
The ignition system causes initial light-off of the fuel air mixture. The
ignition system includes an ignition box that energizes an igniter plug.
During starting, the ECB switches the ignition to ON between 0% and
60%. When the APU speed drops below 95% due to a flame-out, the
ECB starts the ignition until the APU reaches again 100% of speed.
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STARTER CONTROL & IGNITION CONTROL
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APU FUEL SYSTEM D/O (3)

GENERAL
The fuel system supplies metered fuel to sustain combustion. Part of the
fuel, as muscle pressure, operates the Inlet Guide Vane (IGV) actuator
and the surge control valve actuator. This system is made of:
- Fuel Control Unit (FCU),
- fuel schedule,
- muscle pressure,
- fuel shut-off,
- flow divider and solenoid valve,
- fuel supply,
- fuel drain,
- control,
- monitoring.
CONTROL
The ECB controls the fuel system with several parameters. During
on-speed operation, the ECB uses APU speed, Exhaust Gas
Temperature (EGT) and aircraft demand signals. During start, it uses
speed, EGT, air inlet pressure and temperature sensors (P2 and T2).
The ECB operates the fuel metering valve, the flow divider solenoid
valve and the 3-way shut-off solenoid valve.
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GENERAL - CONTROL
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FUEL CONTROL UNIT
The FCU has six functions:
- fuel filtering,
- pressure increase,
- fuel metering,
- flow meter control,
- positive fuel shut-off,
- fuel muscle pressure regulation.
The FCU is made of a LP inlet fuel filter, a High Pressure (HP) fuel
pump, a pump relief valve, a HP fuel filter, an actuator pressure regulator
for hydraulic fuel operation, a torque-motor metering valve, a resistance
temperature device, a delta pressure regulator, a flow-meter pressurizing
valve, a fuel-shutoff solenoid valve.
Fuel filter replacement is recommended every 8500 Flight Hours.
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FUEL CONTROL UNIT
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MUSCLE PRESSURE
Additionally fuel muscle pressure 250 psig operates the surge control
valve actuator for air release to the exhaust and the load-compressor IGV
actuator. Servo fuel return goes back to the pump inlet.
From the Actuator Pressure Regulator fuel flow continues to the Metering
Module and in parallel to the inlet of the Differential Pressure Regulation
Valve
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MUSCLE PRESSURE
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MUSCLE PRESSURE
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This Page Intentionally Left Blank

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FUEL SCHEDULE
The Electronic Control Box (ECB) controls the fuel-metering valve
through a torque motor.
The ECB:
- schedules fuel flow during start sequence, on-speed operation and
shutdown sequence,
- refers to information on the flowmeter pressurizing valve to correct fuel
flow and in relation to the fuel temperature (resistance-temperature device
signal),
- modulates the on-speed fuel schedule to agree with the aircraft demand
for bleed air and electrical power.
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FUEL SCHEDULE
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FUEL SHUT-OFF
The ECB controls the fuel 3-way solenoid valve for positive fuel shut-off.
The valve is controlled open during the start sequence and closed during
the stop sequence. Fuel goes back to the pump inlet.
FLOW DIVIDER AND SOLENOID VALVE

The flow divider supplies fuel in sequence to the primary and secondary
manifolds. It has a usually open fuel solenoid and a check valve. During
cold start or high altitude operation, the ECB energizes the solenoid valve
to close during the first 30% speed of the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
and all fuel flow is pushed through the primary nozzles for better engine
acceleration.
FUEL SUPPLY
Two fuel manifolds and 10 dual fuel-nozzles supply fuel. Each fuel-nozzle
has a primary and a secondary fuel orifice. When APU start is selected,
the primary fuel orifice is supplied and when the fuel pressure is more
than 125 psig the check valve in the flow divider assembly opens to
supply the secondary fuel orifice. During on-speed operation, the two
orifices are supplied.
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FUEL SHUT-OFF ... FUEL SUPPLY
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APU SHUTDOWN
The 3-Way Shutoff Solenoid Valve is brought to the closed position and
the fuel is now given back to the pump inlet.
The fuel is trapped in the line to the Primary and Secondary Nozzles.
The 2 fuel manifolds are still filled up with remaining fuel.
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APU SHUTDOWN
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APU INDICATION SYSTEM (3)

TEMPERATURE INDICATING
EGT THERMOCOUPLE
The Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) thermocouples are in the APU
exhaust. The EGT thermocouple is a chromel-alumel device which
has two probes of different lengths. The EGT thermocouples supply
a voltage in proportion to the EGT. This voltage is supplied through
a shielded cable to the ECB 59KD.
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TEMPERATURE INDICATING - EGT THERMOCOUPLE
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TEMPERATURE INDICATING (continued)
TEMPERATURE MONITORING
Each thermocouple does the conversion of the thermal energy of the
APU exhaust gas stream into an electrical voltage. This voltage
increases in proportion to the EGT.
The ECB receives the signals of the two thermocouple rakes and
makes an evaluation of the average temperature value that will be
used for processing and indication. If there is a difference of 65°C
(150 deg.F) between the two signals and an APU speed is above 95%
of N1, the ECB uses the highest value.
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TEMPERATURE INDICATING - TEMPERATURE MONITORING
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POWER INDICATING
SPEED SENSOR
One speed sensor in installed at the bottom-right side of the gearbox.
The speed sensor includes:
- a magnetically soft-pole piece,
- a permanent magnet,
- two coils.
The movement of gear-like teeth on the compressor-turbine shaft
induces an AC current in the two coils of the speed sensor. The
frequency of this current is in proportion to the speed at which the
APU turns.
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POWER INDICATING - SPEED SENSOR
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POWER INDICATING (continued)
POWER MONITORING
The two frequency signals, which are related to the speed at which
the APU turns, are transmitted to the ECB. By comparison, the ECB
makes an evaluation of the highest speed signal. The signal is also
transmitted through an ARINC 429 bus to EIS.
The APU SYSTEM page on the lower ECAM display unit shows the
APU speed in percent.
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POWER INDICATING - POWER MONITORING
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APU OIL SYSTEM D/O (3)

- or the A/C altitude is above 10,000 ft (P2<10,1 psia),
GENERAL - or the APU fuel temperature is below -12.2°C (+10°F).
The valve is energized open during every APU shutdown between
The oil system of the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) lubricates and
50% and 7% speed.
decreases the temperature of the power section, load compressor, gearbox
and AC generator. PROTECTION
This system is made of: The ECB gives protection to the APU if there is an oil system
- storage, malfunction. The ECB monitors oil pressure and oil temperature. If
- supply, one of the oil parameters is out of limit, the ECB starts an automatic
- scavenge, APU shutdown without time delay:
- venting, - gearbox high oil temp threshold: 162.78°C (325°F),
- control, - oil low pressure: 33 psi.
- protection, The ECB also stops the APU if a delta pressure switch at the scavenge
- monitoring. filter or at the lubrication filter shows impending filter clogging.
STORAGE MONITORING
The sump of the APU Accessory Gearbox (AGB) is the oil reservoir. The oil system is monitored to increase the APU life. The oil sump
The AGB sump contains 6.26 l (1.65 US gal) of oil. The oil reservoir is installed with a low-level switch to show maintenance information
can be filled by gravity or by pressure. in the cockpit. When the level is at the "ADD" mark 4.60 l (1.22 US
The AGB has: gal), the APU can continue to operate for 10 hours maximun. This
- an oil fill cap for gravity filling, changes with the different operating attitudes of the A/C in flight. A
- optional pressure oil servicing with a pressure fill and overfill port, magnetic drain plug, put fully in the APU oil, lets the oil drain from
- an oil-level sight glass with FULL and ADD marks, the sump and attracts ferrous metal particles.
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- a magnetic chip detector and oil drain plug installed at the lowest
point of the AGB, OIL HEATER (OPTION)
- an oil heater.
The control of the oil heater is independent of the ECB. When the oil
CONTROL temperature is below 16 °C (61 °F) and the APU master switch is released
The Electronic Control Box (ECB) only controls the de-oiling valve out, the heater is supplied with 115VAC.
in the oil system. The de-oiling solenoid valve is electrically opened The oil heater is switched off when the oil temperature increases above
during APU start to make sure of cold start conditions and to decrease 49°C (120 °F) or the master switch is selected ON.
the load on the pressure pump. The solenoid valve is open during The oil heater is an option.
start-up to 60% RPM when:
- the oil sump temperature is below -6.7°C (+20°F),
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GENERAL & OIL HEATER (OPTION)
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SUPPLY
A three-element gerotor pressure pump pulls the oil from the sump. A
pressure-regulating valve and ultimate-relief valve assembly keeps a
constant lube supply pressure for oil supply to the engine and generator
and prevents over-pressurization of the lube system.
Pressure-regulated oil goes through a cooler and a disposable filter. The
bypass valve opens at an oil temperature below 60°C (140 °F) or when
there is a differential pressure between 55 - 60 psi around the oil cooler.
The oil is then sent to the cooling fan splines, the APU spline shaft, the
APU supporting bearings rear and front, the gearbox pinions and the
electrical AC generator.
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SUPPLY
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SUPPLY
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SUPPLY
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SCAVENGE
The scavenged oil from the turbine sump is returned to the oil reservoir
with one scavenge pump.
The oil which lubricates the gears, the starter clutch and bearings of the
gearbox, is returned to the reservoir by gravity.
The scavenged oil from the generator sump is returned to the oil reservoir
with one scavenge pump.
The generator scavenge oil is filtered from the generator scavenge oil-filter
and then supplied to the oil reservoir. This makes sure that no
contaminated oil returns from the generator to the oil reservoir.
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SCAVENGE
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SCAVENGE
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VENTING
The oil from the generator is sent against the gearbox wall; this removes
the air, that is mixed with the oil. An air/oil separator removes the oil
particles from the gearbox air. This oil-free air is released in the APU
exhaust.
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VENTING
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DE-OILING SOLENOID
The only component of the oil system controlled by the Electronic Control
Box (ECB) is the de-oiling valve.
DURING COLD START
During the cold start condition; the oil has a high viscosity. The
de-oiling solenoid valve reduces the oil pressure pump load during
the APU start by allowing air to enter the inlet of the oil supply pump.
The solenoid valve is open during start up to 60% rpm when the oil
sump temperature is below -6.7 deg.C (+19.94 deg.F) or the aircraft
altitude is more than 20,000 ft or the fuel temperature is below -12.2
deg.C (+10.04 deg.F).
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DE-OILING SOLENOID - DURING COLD START
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DE-OILING SOLENOID (continued)
DURING SHUT DOWN
During the APU shutdown, the de-oiling solenoid valve prevents the
coking of the oil remaining in the bearing chambers.
Therefore the ECB opens the de-oiling solenoid valve during shut
down between 55% - 7%.
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DE-OILING SOLENOID - DURING SHUT DOWN
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APU AIR SYSTEM D/O (3)

is hydraulically operated for accurate and fast operation. The hydraulic
GENERAL fluid is high pressure fuel from the Fuel Control Unit (FCU) with
approximately 250 psig.
The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) load compressor supplies the APU
bleed air. The quantity changes with the different bleed air demands of OIL COOLING
the pneumatic system. This system includes:
- bleed supply, A gearbox-driven fan draws air from the inlet plenum and forces it to
- bleed control, pass through the oil cooler. After leaving the oil cooler, the air is
- surge protection, discharged overboard.
- oil cooling,
- compartment cooling, COMPARTMENT COOLING
- oil vent,
Air supplied by the fan, driven by one of the gears of the gearbox, is also
- control,
used for APU compartment cooling. Cooling air flows through the outlets
- monitoring.
located on the cooling fan outlet duct. Natural convection ventilates the
BLEED SUPPLY APU compartment through a vent grill in the upper left area of the
compartment when the APU is not in operation.
Bleed air supply to the A/C pneumatic system is controlled by a load
control valve. The pneumatically-actuated CLOSE/OPEN butterfly valve, OIL VENT
which allows or stops the bleed airflow from the APU to the A/C users,
The gearbox is vented to the APU exhaust. The air is bled after an air/oil
is controlled by the Electronic Control Box (ECB) and opens when the
separator action.
APU BLEED P/BSW is set to the ON position. The "APU BLEED" P/B
sends "ON" signal to the ECB via the Bleed Monitoring Computer (BMC). CONTROL
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BLEED CONTROL The ECB controls the air system using several parameters from the
following components installed on the APU:
The quantity of air necessary to the aircraft bleed users is controlled by
- APU inlet pressure (P2) and temperature (T2) sensors,
the opening angle of the load compressor Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs). The
- load compressor discharge pressure sensor (PT) and differential pressure
IGVs are moved by a fuel-powered actuator (IGC-Actuator). Pressurized
sensor (DP),
fuel is supplied by the internal pressure regulator part of the APU Fuel
- command and feedback signals from the actuators and the valves (IGV
Control Unit.
actuator, Load Control Valve and Surge Control Valve),
SURGE PROTECTION - A/C demands: Main Engine Start (MES) and Environmental Control
System (ECS).
Load compressor surge protection is ensured by a surge control valve,
which discharges the excess of air in the exhaust. The surge control valve
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MONITORING
To help maintenance and troubleshooting, the load control valve and the
surge control valve are equipped with visual position indicators.
The ECB receives feed back signals about the position of the IGVs, the
load control valve and the surge control valve.
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GENERAL ... MONITORING
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APU RUNNING AT 99%
BLEED PUSH BUTTON ON
After the APU Bleed P/B is pushed, the blue ON light in the P/B
comes on and a signal is sent to the two BMCs and to the ECB to
open the Load Control Valve (LCV).
The LCV Solenoid will be energized to let the LCV open and to let
bleed air flow into the supply duct of the Aircraft pneumatic system.
To make sure a pressure build-up occurs in the Aircraft Bleed supply
duct, the ECB commands the Surge Control Valve (SCV) to the closed
position and then to modulate to prevent surge conditions.
The LCV (through a micro-switch) and the SCV (with an LVDT)
send valve position feed back to the ECB.
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APU RUNNING AT 99% - BLEED PUSH BUTTON ON
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APU RUNNING AT 99% (continued)
BLEED AND PACK P/B PRESSED
The ECB receives a demand signal from the ECS Control Computer
after the Pack P/B on the Cockpit overhead panel is pushed in.
The ECB, due to this input signal, sends a retract command signal to
the IGV-Actuator to drive the Inlet Guide Vanes into a more open
position.
This will let more air from the APU Inlet Plenum go through the IGVs
into the Load Compressor Housing.
To make sure the necessary bleed air mass flows from the APU to the
ECS, the ECB commands the SCV to the fully closed position.
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APU RUNNING AT 99% - BLEED AND PACK P/B PRESSED
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APU RUNNING AT 100%
After the Engine Master Switch is moved to the ON position, the ECB
receives a Main Engine Start (MES) boost signal to increase the bleed
pressure for engine start.
The ECB commands the IGV Actuator to the maximum retracted position
to drive the IGVs to the fully open position.
The SCV receives the command signal from the ECB to modulate and
discharge a certain mass of air into the APU exhaust.
When the engine start is completed, the MES signal is no longer valid
and the ECB commands the IGV actuator and the SCV to the required
position for bleed supply to the ECS.
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APU RUNNING AT 100%
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APU SYSTEM MANAGEMENT D/O (3)

APU START SEQUENCE
Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) normal operation, starting and shutdown,
are initiated from the APU control panel but controlled and monitored
by the ECB.
Following conditions will be controlled and monitored:
- APU start,
- APU on-speed,
- APU normal shutdown,
- APU protective shutdown,
- APU emergency shutdown.
When the MASTER SWitch P/B is set to ON:
- the ON light comes on,
- the Electronic Control Box (ECB) is energized,
- the ECB starts the power-up test,
- the ECB exchanges data with the Data Memory Module,
- the APU LP valve opens,
- the APU fuel pump is energized if fuel system pressure is low,
- the APU air intake flap opens,
- the ECAM APU page comes into view.
When the START P/B is set to ON:
- the ON legend comes on,
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- the ECB energizes the back-up start contactor and the start contactor
when these conditions are present: air intake flap open, power-up test
complete, data exchange between data memory module and ECB
complete,
- the contactors energize the starter motor and causes the APU main shaft
to start to turn,
- the igniter is energized,
- the de-oil valve opens with the oil/fuel temperature and altitude.
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APU START SEQUENCE
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APU START SEQUENCE
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APU ACCELERATION SEQUENCE
APU AT 7% RPM
At 7% speed:
- the ECB opens the fuel solenoid valve and combustion occurs,
- the Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs) close.
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APU ACCELERATION SEQUENCE - APU AT 7% RPM
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APU ACCELERATION SEQUENCE (continued)
APU AT 50% RPM
At 50% speed:
- the ECB de-energizes the start contactor, above 20,000 ft at 58%,
and causes the starter motor to stop and continues to increase the speed
of the APU automatically,
- the ECB de-energizes the back-up start contactor.
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APU AT 60% RPM
At 60% speed:
- the ECB de-energizes the ignition unit,
- the ECB de-energizes the de-oil solenoid, if it is open.
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APU AT 95% RPM
At 95% speed:
- the IGVs move to 22 degrees' open position to prevent overheating,
- the ECB controls and monitors the APU automatically,
- the ON light in the START P/BSW goes off,
- the green AVAIL legend in the START P/BSW comes on,
- the APU generator can operate and APU bleed be switched to ON.
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APU AT 100% RPM
At steady state speed, an on-speed governor loop controls the fuel
flow to the APU. The ECB stabilizes the APU speed at 100%.
However, if the APU supplies the air conditioning system on a normal
day and while the aircraft is on the ground the speed is reduced to
99% for fuel saving reasons.
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APU ON-SPEED
When the APU generator operates, the generator output parameters come
into view on the ECAM system page. When the APU bleed is switched
to ON, bleed parameters are displayed on the ECAM system page. The
ECB opens the Load Control Valve in accordance to the Bleed Monitoring
Computer (BMC) signal coming from the APU Bleed P/B.
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APU ON-SPEED
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APU NORMAL SHUTDOWN
When the MASTER SW is OFF, the ECB closes the IGVs to the minimum
position of 15°, the load control valve closes if it is open, the surge control
valve opens and the cool-down cycle of the APU starts.
The cool-down cycle lets the APU operate for 60 seconds at a low
stabilized temperature. It starts when the ECB receives the closed signal
from the load control valve. If the load control valve was not in the open
position, the APU shuts down immediately.
During every normal shutdown the ECB tests its overspeed protection
circuit by simulating an overspeed condition, which causes the 3-way
shut-off solenoid in the Fuel Control Unit to close, and thereby starts the
APU roll-down.
It is possible to command an APU re-start during the shutdown sequence.
APU speed must be below 7% before the starter motor is re-engaged.
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APU NORMAL SHUTDOWN
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APU NORMAL SHUTDOWN (continued)
APU AT 95% RPM
At 95% speed, APU "AVAIL" lights go off.
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APU NORMAL SHUTDOWN - APU AT 95% RPM
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APU AT 50% RPM
At 50% speed, the de-oil solenoid valve opens to decrease drag during
the next start.
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APU BELOW 7% RPM
At and below 7% speed:
- the de-oil solenoid closes,
- the APU fuel LP valve closes,
- the data memory module is updated,
- the air intake closes.
The ECB de-energizes itself when the air intake has reached the fully
closed position.
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APU NORMAL SHUTDOWN - APU BELOW 7% RPM
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APU PROTECTIVE SHUTDOWN
When the ECB is energized, it controls the APU starting and operating
phases. If an abnormal parameter is found, it starts an immediate shutdown
without time delay, even if the APU bleed air is in use.
The ECB protective shutdown parameters are:
- overspeed,
- ECB failure,
- underspeed,
- overtemperature,
- loss of speed,
- sensor failure: thermocouples, low oil level and Low Oil Pressure (LOP)
switch failure,
- no flame,
- flap not open,
- High Oil Temperature (HOT),
- LOP,
- no speed,
- inlet overheat,
- no acceleration,
- clogged oil filter,
- main power stop.
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APU EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN

The ECB starts an emergency shutdown when the APU FIRE P/B, in the
cockpit, is released out or when the APU SHUT OFF P/B, on the external
power receptacle panel, is pushed. The ECB starts an automatic
emergency shutdown when an APU fire is found on ground. The APU
stops immediately without time delay, even if the APU bleed air system
is in use.
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APU PROTECTIVE SHUTDOWN & APU EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN
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ECB INTERFACES (3)

POWER SUPPLY LGCIU 1
One of the A/C batteries at the minimum and the A/C DC network, The ECB receives the aircraft on ground discrete input signal from
electrically supply the Electronic Control Box (ECB), through the MAIN Landing Gear Control and Interface Unit (LGCIU) 1.
control relay of the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU).
APU FUEL FEED SYSTEM
MASTER SWITCH P/B
The ECB receives a discrete signal from the APU low fuel pressure
The APU MASTER SWITCH sends a discrete supply or stop signal to switch. It sends a discrete signal to the APU fuel LP shut-off valve.
the ECB. The ECB sends a discrete signal to the FAULT light, when an
automatic shutdown occurs or if there is an emergency shutdown. EIU
AIR INTAKE FLAP During engine starts, the ECB receives a Main Engine Start (MES) signal
from Engine Interface Unit (EIU) 1 or 2. This signal causes the ECB to
The ECB receives an air intake flap open or closed position signal and set the Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs) to the fully open position if APU bleed
sends a power output to open or close the air intake flap. has been selected to ON.
START P/B BMC

A discrete input signal from the START P/B starts the starting sequences. When the APU BLEED P/B is set to ON, Bleed Monitoring Computer
The ECB sends a discrete signal to the ON light during the APU start (BMC) 1 or 2 sends a discrete input to the ECB. This controls the APU
sequence. A discrete output signal to the A/C energizes the AVAIL light load control valve to open. The BMCs receive a closed-position signal
in the START P/B when the APU speed is above 95%. from the APU load control valve to monitor the pneumatic system and
to show ECAM indications.
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BACK-UP AND MAIN START CONTACTORS

TSO/JAR
The ECB receives a discrete input from the main start contactor and sends
discrete outputs to the back-up and main start contactors. The ECB receives a discrete input from the TSO/JAR
configuration-programming pin. This open or ground signal finds if the
EMERGENCY STOP ECB obeys the Technical Standard Order (TSO) or the Joint Aviation
Requirements (JAR). Concerning the JAR, all System Display (S/D)
A discrete input signal from the A/C starts the APU emergency shutdown
circuits are available in flight. This configuration is the standard
logic after the ECB receives this signal.
configuration. For TSO, only emergency, overspeed and loss of speed
shutdowns, are available in flight.
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM (ECS) - APU operating hours and starts,

- APU accumulated hot time,
The ECB receives, via an ARINC 429 bus, an input from the Air - APU accumulated shutdowns, etc.
Conditioning System Controller 1 and 2 (ACSC) to control the IGVs
position according to the demand. The ECB sends a discrete output to
the ACSC 1 and 2 to signal that the APU bleed valve is en delivery
position.
A320/A321 IDENTIFICATION
The ECB receives a discrete input from the A/C signature PIN
PROGramming. This identification pin lets the ECB identify A321
applications for functional differences from those of an A320.
SDAC
The ECB sends to System Data Acquisition Concentrators (SDACs) 1
and 2, through ARINC 429 Data buses, the indications to show on the
ECAM APU page and shutdown information to start the related warnings.
CFDS
The ECB is a BITE system type-1 computer and connects to the
Centralized Fault Display System (CFDS) through ARINC 429 data
buses.
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DMU PART
The Data Management Unit (DMU) part of the Flight Data Interface and
Management Unit (FDIMU) partially keeps APU lifetime data. This
information lets you monitor the engine conditions.
DATA MEMORY MODULE

A data memory module installed on the APU inlet plenum keeps and
interchanges many parameters with the ECB:
- APU serial number,
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POWER SUPPLY ... DATA MEMORY MODULE
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APU DRAIN SYSTEM PRESENTATION (2)

APU DRAIN SYSTEM EXHAUST MUFFLER DRAIN
A drain system prevents the collection of fluids in the Auxiliary Power The exhaust muffler drain line is routed to the drain mast. This drain line
Unit (APU) system and compartment. collects fuel, water or air leaks.
FCU / OIL PUMP SEAL DRAIN COMBUSTOR HOUSING DRAIN

The Fuel Control Unit (FCU) / oil pump seal drain line is routed via a The combustion housing drain line is routed to the drain mast. This drain
collector line to the drain tank. This line drains fuel or oil leaks. line collects unburned fuel from the combustion chamber that may be
accumulated in the combustor following an unsuccessful light-up.
BLEED CONTROL VALVE ACTUATOR SEAL DRAIN
DRAIN TANK
The bleed control valve actuator seal drain line is routed via a collector
line to the drain tank. This line drains fuel leaks only. For venting and evacuation the drain tank is connected to the drain mast.
Airflow across the drain mast creates a vacuum in the drain line. The
INLET GUIDE VANE ACTUATOR SEAL DRAIN suction effect produced at 200 kts, is sufficient to remove the contents
of the drain tank. A vent line ventilates the drain tank and drain lines.
The Inlet Guide Vane (IGV) actuator drain line is routed via a collector
The APU drain lines are connected to the right access door drain lines
line to the drain tank. This line drains fuel leaks only.
through spring adapter kiss seals.
FRONT BEARING SEAL DRAIN
Any oil leak from the front bearing seal flows to the A/C drain mast.
START FUEL MANIFOLD PURGE

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The fuel, which remains in the pilot injectors and manifold, is purged to
the APU exhaust.
AIR BYPASS PLENUM DRAIN

The air bypass plenum drain line is routed to the drain mast. This drain
line collects fuel, water or air leaks.
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APU DRAIN SYSTEM ... DRAIN TANK
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GENERAL
The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) is installed in the fuselage tail cone.
Tie rods attach the unit by a three-point mounted suspension system to
the structure brackets on the compartment ceiling in a fireproof
compartment. A pair of access doors on the bottom of the tail cone opens
outwards to let the APU be lifted and lowered.
AIR INTAKE SYSTEM

The air intake system ducts ambient air to the APU inlet plenum. The air
intake system includes:
- a fixed diverter that increases ram air recovery for flight operation and
also prevents any fluids, flowing along the fuselage, from entering the
air intake,
- an air intake with inlet flap,
- an air inlet duct.
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GENERAL & AIR INTAKE SYSTEM
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ENGINE CONTROLS OIL SYSTEM
The Electronic Control Box (ECB) controls and monitors the APU A wet sump lubrication system cools and lubricates the electrical
operation. It is a Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) type generator, the accessory gearbox and the APU bearings. The system
computer. The ECB has the following functions: components are all located on the gearbox except the oil cooler that is
- control of the APU start sequence, located on the APU left hand side.
- monitoring of the APU speed, exhaust gas temperature and bleed air
supply, IGNITION AND STARTING SYSTEM
- normal stop sequence and automatic or emergency shutdown,
The ignition and starting system rotates the engine to a self-sustained
- failure indication for trouble shooting.
speed. It also will start ignition of the fuel/air mixture in the engine
ENGINE combustion chamber. The system includes:
- an electrical starter motor,
The APU is a single spool engine based on a modular design including - an ignition unit,
a power section, driving a single stage centrifugal load compressor and - two igniter plugs.
an accessory gearbox. The APU power section has:
- a single stage centrifugal compressor, ACCESSORY GEARBOX
- a reverse flow combustion chamber,
The gearbox transmits the shaft power to the APU accessories and to the
- a two-stage axial flow turbine.
APU generator, which are installed on the gearbox pads. The gearbox is
IGV also the oil reservoir for the APU lubrication system. The components
mounted on the accessory gearbox are:
The Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs) control the amount of air discharged from - the starter motor assembly,
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the APU load compressor. The 24 IGVs are moved simultaneously by a - the cooling air fan assembly with the Permanent Magnet Generator
gear train operated by an actuator. The IGV system uses fuel as hydraulic (PMG),
fluid for the servo valve actuator to control the IGVs through the ECB. - the Fuel Control Unit (FCU),
- the AC generator.
BLEED AND SURGE AIR
AC GENERATOR
The bleed and surge air system supplies air to the A/C pneumatic system
while avoiding load compressor surge. The bleed control valve acts as a The 3 phases AC generator transforms the mechanical power into
combined bleed and surge valve, electrically controlled by the ECB and electrical power of 90 KVA to supply the electrical A/C system with
fuel operated. 115V-400Hz.
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ENGINE CONTROLS ... AC GENERATOR
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FUEL SYSTEM
The APU is supplied of fuel from either the fuel tank pumps or the APU
fuel pump, according to the pressure sensed in the APU fuel feed line
upstream of the pump. The APU fuel system operates automatically and
includes:
- an APU fuel pump, an APU fuel pressure switch,
- a LP valve,
- a fuel LP switch,
- an FCU for Fuel Flow (FF) scheduling,
- a fuel line vent and drain valve.
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FUEL SYSTEM
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APU IGNITION & STARTING D/O (3)

STARTER CONTROL
The starting system operates the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) rotor
through a clutch and gearbox. When the APU speed is 55% rpm, the start
logic of the Electronic Control Box (ECB) stops the supply to the start
contactors, which stops the starter motor. The timed acceleration loop of
the ECB causes the APU to increase its speed until it gets to the governed
speed.
During Ram Air Turbine (RAT) extension, APU starting is inhibited by
the Battery Charge Limiters (BCL 1 and BCL 2). The BCLs remove the
ground signal necessary to the operation of the Main Start Contactor from
the MASTER SW, and thus prevent operation of the main start contactor
5 KA.
IGNITION CONTROL
The ignition system is used to ignite and maintain combustion during the
start phase. The ignition system includes:
- an ignition unit,
- two ignition leads,
- two igniter plugs.
The ignition system operates from initial crank up to 55% rpm.
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STARTER CONTROL & IGNITION CONTROL
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GENERAL
The fuel system provides metered fuel to sustain combustion. Part of the
fuel is used as muscle pressure to operate the Inlet Guide Vane (IGV)
actuator and the bleed control valve actuator.
FCU
The Fuel Control Unit (FCU) has five functions:
- fuel filtering,
- pressure increase,
- fuel metering,
- positive fuel shut-off,
- fuel muscle pressure regulation.
The FCU is composed of a Low Pressure (LP) fuel pump, a filter with a
filter by-pass valve and a Differential Pressure Indicator (DPI), a High
Pressure (HP) fuel pump with a pressure relief valve, a constant
Differential Pressure (DELTA P) valve, a pressure regulator for the bleed
control valve and the IGV actuators, a fuel servovalve, and the 3-way
solenoid valve. A FCU drain line purges the pump shaft seal.
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GENERAL & FCU
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APU START
FUEL PRESSURE
As the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) is started the fuel coming from
the aircraft fuel system flows through the Low Pressure (LP) pump,
through a filter to the High Pressure (HP) pump.
If the filter becomes contaminated, the impending filter bypass will
be indicated by the Differential Pressure Indicator (DPI). When the
filter is blocked the by-pass valve will open. The HP pump has a
pressure relief valve to cut off excessive pressure peaks.
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APU START - FUEL PRESSURE
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APU START (continued)
ECB FUNCTIONS
During the APU start, the Electronic Control Box (ECB) energizes
the 3-way solenoid valve and the Torque Motor (TM) of the fuel servo
valve. The fuel, pressurized by the HP pump, then flows through the
servo valve and through the 3-way solenoid valve to the flow divider.
The ECB schedules fuel flow for start sequence, on speed operation
and shutdown sequence. The ECB modulates the on-speed fuel
schedule to match the A/C demand for bleed air and electrical load.
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APU START - ECB FUNCTIONS
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FUEL SCHEDULE
From the HP pump, the fuel also flows to the pressure regulator. The
fuel muscle pressure is used to operate the bleed control valve actuator,
for the air delivery to the A/C and the air discharge to the exhaust,
and for the load compressor IGV actuator. Servo fuel is returned
downstream to the LP pump outlet and upstream to the fuel filter inlet.
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APU START - FUEL SCHEDULE
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DELTA PRESSURE VALVE
The constant Differential Pressure (DELTA P) valve lets excessive
fuel from the HP pump flow back to the filter inlet and maintains a
constant pressure difference across the servo valve.
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APU START - DELTA PRESSURE VALVE
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FLOW DIVIDER
The flow divider and drain valve assembly divides the fuel between
the pilot and main injectors. During the start sequence, the pilot
injector valve opens when the fuel pressure reaches 20 psi to initially
supply the 3 pilot fuel injectors.
As the fuel pressure increases, the main injector valve opens and fuel
is supplied to the 6 main fuel injectors. When the APU is running, the
two valves are in the open position to supply all injectors.
The ECB controls the fuel system using several parameters. During
the start sequence, it uses APU speed, Exhaust Gas Temperature
(EGT), air inlet pressure and temperature. During steady-state
operation the ECB uses the speed only.
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APU START - FLOW DIVIDER
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APU START - FLOW DIVIDER
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APU SHUTDOWN
FUEL INJECTORS CUT OFF
When the APU shutdown is initiated, the ECB de-energizes the 3-way
solenoid valve for positive fuel shut-off. Fuel is returned to the fuel
filter inlet. The fuel supply to the fuel injectors is cut off.
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APU SHUTDOWN - FUEL INJECTORS CUT OFF
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APU SHUTDOWN (continued)
FUEL DRAIN AND VENT VALVE
As the fuel pressure decreases in the flow divider and drain valve
assembly, the two injector valves close. The fuel remaining in the
pilot injectors is purged to the APU exhaust by combustion chamber
pressure.
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APU SHUTDOWN - FUEL DRAIN AND VENT VALVE
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TEMPERATURE INDICATING
EGT THERMOCOUPLE
Two Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) thermocouples are installed in
the exhaust cone at the turbine discharge. The EGT thermocouple is
a chromel-alumel device, which has two probes of different lengths.
The EGT thermocouples supply a voltage in proportion to the EGT.
This voltage is supplied through a shielded cable to the ECB 59KD.
The two thermocouples are connected together and each thermocouple
is connected to the ECB.
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TEMPERATURE INDICATING - EGT THERMOCOUPLE
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TEMPERATURE INDICATING (continued)
TEMPERATURE MONITORING
Each thermocouple does the conversion of the thermal energy of the
APU exhaust gas stream into an electrical voltage. This voltage
increases in proportion to the EGT.
The ECB receives the signals of the two thermocouple rakes and
makes an evaluation of the average temperature value that will be
used for processing and indication.
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TEMPERATURE INDICATING - TEMPERATURE MONITORING
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POWER INDICATING
SPEED SENSOR
Two speed sensors are installed in the gearbox casing. Each of the
speed sensors is connected to the ECB.
The speed sensor has:
- a permanent magnet,
- a pole piece,
- a coil,
- a housing.
The speed sensors give the frequency in proportion to the APU speed.
A PMG is installed in the cooling fan of the accessory cooling system
and it is used for back-up overspeed protection.
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POWER INDICATING - SPEED SENSOR
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POWER INDICATING (continued)
POWER MONITORING
The speed sensors measure the APU speed and transmit a frequency
to the ECB. The ECB monitors the power indication during all APU
operating conditions. The ECB starts the automatic shutdown sequence
if there is a failure of the two speed sensors. The PMG transmits a
speed signal to the ECB for back-up overspeed protection and supplies
emergency power supply for the ECB.
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POWER INDICATING - POWER MONITORING
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GENERAL
STORAGE
The sump of the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) accessory gearbox is
the oil reservoir. The accessory gearbox sump contains 5.2 l (1.4 US
gal) of oil. On the left hand side of the gearbox, a gravity fill port is
installed with a scupper to drain spilled oil. The gearbox has:
- a pressure fill port,
- an overflow port,
- a sight glass.
PROTECTION
The ECB protects the APU in case of oil system malfunction. The
ECB monitors oil pressure and oil temperature. If one of the oil
parameters is out of range, the ECB initiates an automatic APU
shutdown without time delay.
- gearbox High Oil Temperature (HOT) threshold: 135°C (275°F),
- AC generator high oil temp: 180°C (356°F),
- Low Oil Pressure (LOP): 35 psi.
MONITORING
The oil system is monitored to increase the APU life. Lube and
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scavenge filters have visual clogging indicators. The oil sump has a
low level sensor to show maintenance information in the cockpit.
When the level is at the "ADD" mark 4l (1 US gal) the APU is able
to continue running for at least 60 hours. A magnetic drain plug,
immersed in the APU oil, is used for the oil drainage from the sump
and attracts ferrous metal particles. Two Differential Pressure (DELTA
P) switches, one for the scavenge filter and a second one for the
pressure filter are use for the ECB in case of clogging situation and
an APU auto shutdown is triggered.
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GENERAL - STORAGE ... MONITORING
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SUPPLY
The oil is drawn from the sump and pressurized by a vane-type pressure
pump. The pressurized oil goes through a cooler and a disposable filter.
If the pump pressure is too high, a pressure relief valve opens and releases
oil back to the pump inlet.
The oil is then directed to the gears and bearings of the accessory gearbox,
the load compressor front bearing, the power section rear bearing and
the electrical generator.
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SUPPLY
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SUPPLY
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SCAVENGE
Oil from the electrical generator and the APU rear bearing is returned to
the sump by two scavenge pumps. The oil from the AC generator returns
to the sump through a vane-type scavenge pump and a filter. The oil from
the APU rear bearing returns to the sump through a scavenge pump. Oil
from the gearbox pinions and the APU front bearing is scavenged by
gravity.
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SCAVENGE
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VENTING
The air oil mist from the rear bearing is returned to the gearbox housing
through an external pipe. An air/oil separator removes the oil particles
from the gearbox air. This oil-free air is discharged in the APU exhaust.
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VENTING
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DE-OILING SOLENOID FUNCTION
The only component of the oil system controlled by the Electronic Control
Box (ECB) is the de-oiling valve.
DURING START
Especially during the cold start condition; the oil has a high viscosity.
The de-oiling solenoid valve reduces the oil pressure pump load at
any APU start by allowing air to enter the inlet of the oil supply pump.
Above 55% APU speed, the ECB de-energizes the solenoid and the
de-oiling valve closes.
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DE-OILING SOLENOID FUNCTION - DURING START
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DE-OILING SOLENOID FUNCTION (continued)
DURING SHUT DOWN
During the APU shutdown, the de-oiling solenoid valve prevents the
coking of the oil remaining in the bearing chambers.
Therefore the ECB opens the de-oiling solenoid valve during shut
down between 90% and 7%
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DE-OILING SOLENOID FUNCTION - DURING SHUT DOWN
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APU RUNNING AT 100% - BLEED NOT SELECTED PRESSURIZATION AND OIL VENT
Pressurized air enters the gearbox during operation from the front and
Bleed air supply to the A/C pneumatic system is controlled by a bleed rear bearing seal buffering systems. This air comes from the power
control valve for delivery function. The fuel-operated bleed control valve section compressor. The gearbox is vented to the APU exhaust. The
is a diverter valve: either to the A/C system and/or the Auxiliary Power oil mist is separated from the vent air by an air-oil separator.
Unit (APU) exhaust.
CONTROL
NOTE: the hydraulic fluid is high pressure fuel from the Fuel Control The ECB controls the air system using several parameters:
Unit pressure regulator part with a pressure of approximately - signals from the APU inlet pressure and temperature sensor,
250 psig. - signals from the load compressor discharge pressure sensor and the
BLEED CONTROL differential pressure sensor,
- command and feedback signals from the fuel driven actuators.
The quantity of air necessary for the aircraft bleed users is controlled
by the opening angles of the load compressor Inlet Guide Vanes MONITORING
(IGVs). The IGVs are moved by a fuel-powered actuator. The compressor discharge pressure sensor is a unit, which contains a
SURGE PROTECTION static pressure and a differential pressure sensor. It is located at the
APU air intake plenum. The ECB uses the sensor output voltage for
Load compressor surge protection is done by the bleed control valve the calculation of the compressor air flow and to give the APU BLEED
that discharges the excess of air in the exhaust. pressure indication for the APU page on the lower ECAM display
OIL COOLING unit. To help maintenance and troubleshooting, the bleed control valve
A gearbox-driven fan draws air from the inlet plenum and forces it to has a visual position indicator.
go through the oil cooler. After leaving the oil cooler, the air is
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discharged overboard. The cooling fan incorporates a Permanent

Magnet Generator (PMG), which supplies a direct current to the
Electronic Control Box (ECB), if the main supply is interrupted, for
a maximum of 230ms.
COMPARTMENT COOLING
Air supplied by the fan, which is driven by one of the gears of the
gearbox, is also used for the APU compartment cooling. The
compartment cooling air is blown through a smaller duct attached to
the fan discharge tube. Natural convection ventilates the APU
compartment when the APU is not in operation.
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APU RUNNING AT 100% - BLEED NOT SELECTED - BLEED CONTROL ... MONITORING
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APU RUNNING AT 100% - BLEED PUSHBUTTON ON
When the APU Bleed P/B is pushed, the blue ON light in the P/B comes
on and a signal is sent to the two BMCs and to the ECB to open the Bleed
Control Valve (BCV).
The BCV servo valve receives a command signal from the ECB to let
the BCV open the duct for Aircraft Pneumatic System supply and to let
bleed air flow into the supply duct.
To make sure that a pressure build-up occurs in the Aircraft Bleed supply
duct, the ECB first commands the Bleed Control Valve (BCV) to the
exhaust duct closed position and then modulates the BCV to prevent
surge conditions.
The BCV uses an LVDT for position feedback transmission to the ECB.
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APU RUNNING AT 100% - BLEED PUSHBUTTON ON
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APU RUNNING AT 100% - BLEED AND PACK
PUSHBUTTON PUSHED
The ECB receives a command signal from the ECS Control Computer
after the Pack P/B is pushed on the Cockpit overhead panel.
Because of this input signal, the ECB sends an extend command signal
to the IGV-Actuator to drive the Inlet Guide Vanes into a more open
position.
Because of this, more air from the APU Inlet Plenum will go through the
IGVs into the Load Compressor Housing.
To make sure that the necessary bleed air mass flows from the APU to
the ECS, the ECB commands the BCV to the exhaust duct fully closed
position.
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APU RUNNING AT 100% - BLEED AND PACK PUSHBUTTON PUSHED
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APU RUNNING AT 100% - BLEED AND MES SIGNAL
INPUT TO ECB
When the engines of the aircaft are started, the ECB receives a Main
Engine Start (MES) boost signal to increase the bleed pressure for engine
start.
The ECB commands the IGV Actuator to the maximum extended position
to drive the IGVs to the fully open position.
The BCV receives the command signal from the ECB to modulate and
discharge a certain mass of air into the APU exhaust.
When the engine start sequence is completed, the MES signal is no longer
applicable and the ECB commands the IGV actuator and the BCV to the
necessary position for bleed supply of the ECS.
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APU RUNNING AT 100% - BLEED AND MES SIGNAL INPUT TO ECB
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GENERAL
The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) system management and control keeps
the APU rotation speed constant to obtain a constant AC generator
frequency output, protects the power unit from over temperature, avoids
load compressor surge, controls safe APU start and eases the APU
maintenance. The APU management system controls the following
sequences:
- power-up state,
- watch state,
- starting state,
- steady state,
- cool down state,
- shutdown sate.
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GENERAL
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POWER-UP STATE
When the APU MASTER SWitch is set to ON, the APU fuel Low
Pressure (LP) valve opens and the APU fuel pump logic is energized.
The Electronic Control Box (ECB) controls the opening of the air intake
flap and initiates a power-up test:
- test of On Board Replaceable Module (OBRM), Read Only Memory
(ROM) checksum, Random Access Memory (RAM) read/write,
- test of speed circuit, oil level, discrete and analog outputs,
- on the lower ECAM display unit the APU page is shown.
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POWER-UP STATE
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WATCH AND START PREPARATION STATE
After completion of the power-up state, the ECB automatically enters
the watch state. Upon receipt of the start command, provided that there
are no prohibitive conditions and rotation speed is less than or equal to
7% rpm, the ECB enters the start preparation state.
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WATCH AND START PREPARATION STATE
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STARTING STATE
The starting state begins when the APU START P/BSW is pressed and
continues until APU AVAILable light activation.
START P/B PRESSED + 100 MS
When the START P/BSW has been pressed in, the ECB initiates the
start sequence and energizes the backup start contactor. The receipt
of a stop signal at any time during the starting state leads to a shutdown
without any cool down period.
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STARTING STATE - START P/B PRESSED + 100 MS
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STARTING STATE (continued)
BACKUP START CONTACTOR SUPPLIED + 1.5 S
The components activated by the ECB are:
- the gearbox de-oiling valve,
- the ignition unit,
- the main start contactor.
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STARTING STATE - BACKUP START CONTACTOR SUPPLIED + 1.5 S
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ROTATION SPEED N > 3% RPM
The components activated by the ECB are:
- the 3-way solenoid valve for the High Pressure (HP) fuel ON/OFF
function,
- the fuel servovalve for the fuel metering function.
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STARTING STATE - ROTATION SPEED N > 3% RPM
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During starting, fuel flow is controlled under the following programs:
- begin manifold fill algorithm,
- open loop fuel schedule.
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DELTA EGT > 10°C
The initiated acceleration is controlled to 100% rpm.
The ECB de-energizes:
- the ignition unit,
- the gearbox de-oiling valve,
- the main start contactor.
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STARTING STATE - DELTA EGT > 10°C & ROTATION SPEED N > 55% RPM
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ROTATION SPEED N > 55% RPM + 5 S
The backup start contactor is de-energized.
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STARTING STATE - ROTATION SPEED N > 55% RPM + 5 S
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The ECB functions are:
- surge control and IGV control loops activation,
- APU AVAIL signal activation,
- start in progress output de-activation,
- steady state speed control loop activation,
- enter run state.
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STEADY STATE
In steady state the ECB controls the speed, the load compressor operation,
and monitors the Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT).
SPEED CONTROL
This function keeps the rotation speed of the APU rotating assembly
constant, whatever the load applied. This is achieved by metering the
fuel flow, which varies with the air inlet pressure and temperature.
LOAD COMPRESSOR CONTROL
This function opens the Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs) according to the
bleed air demand from the A/C, ECS or MES. Protection against load
compressor surge is achieved by controlling and reading the position
of the bleed control valve, according to the inlet temperature, and
differential and discharge pressure signals of the load compressor
(DELTA P/P ratio). If the ECB detects a surge condition, the bleed
control valve is positioned to discharge air to the exhaust.
NOTE: 1: In case of failure of the load compressor control, the IGVs

are closed and the bleed control valve is fully opened to
discharge.
2: In case of detected reverse flow operation, the APU is
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automatically shut down by the ECB.

EGT CONTROL
This function avoids APU over temperature by controlling the Inlet
Guide Vane (IGV) position to closed. Thus, the pneumatic load is
first reduced to give priority to the electrical load. This is achieved
by controlling the position of the IGVs to the closed position as a
function of the EGT as long as the over temperature condition is
present.
NOTE: In case of IGV control failure, the IGVs are closed.

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STEADY STATE - SPEED CONTROL ... EGT CONTROL
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COOLDOWN STATE
At stop command MASTER SW OFF, the pneumatic load is removed,
i.e. the IGVs are closed, the bleed control valve positioned to discharge,
the AC generator may still be loaded, then the engine goes into a 120 s
cool down cycles. This function runs the APU at a low stabilized
temperature before normal shutdown.
NORMAL SHUTDOWN
An APU normal shutdown is initiated when the MASTER SW P/B is
released out. If the APU bleed air is not selected, the APU shuts down
immediately. The normal shutdown signal stops the fuel supply. This
causes the APU to decelerate. The AVAIL indication goes off and the
AC generator de-energizes. When the speed is less than 90% rpm, the
gearbox de-oil solenoid valve opens. When the speed is less than 7%
rpm, the air intake flap is controlled to fully close and the de-oiling
solenoid valve is de-energized to close.
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COOLDOWN STATE & NORMAL SHUTDOWN
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PROTECTIVE SHUTDOWN
When the ECB is powered, it controls the APU starting and running
phases. If an abnormal parameter is detected, it initiates an immediate
shutdown without time delay, even if the APU bleed air system is used.
The ECB protective shutdown parameters are:
- over speed,
- over temperature
- Low Oil Pressure (LOP),
- High Oil Temperature (HOT),
- start period timer,
- sensor failure,
- air intake flap,
- no flame,
- reverse flow,
- no acceleration,
- loss of DC power,
- ECB failure,
- generator HOT
- loss of speed sensing,
- IGV shutdown,
- oil filter clogged.
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PROTECTIVE SHUTDOWN
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EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN
The ECB initiates an emergency shutdown when either the APU FIRE
P/B, which is located in the cockpit, is released out, or when the APU
SHUT OFF pushbutton, which is located on the external power receptacle
panel, is pressed. The ECB receives automatically an emergency shutdown
signal when an APU FIRE is detected on ground by the APU Fire
Detection Unit. The APU shuts down immediately without time delay,
even if the APU bleed air system is used.
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EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN
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ECB INTERFACES (3)

POWER SUPPLY LGCIU 1
The Electronic Control Box (ECB) is electrically supplied, through the The ECB receives the flight/ground discrete input signal from the Landing
Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) MAIN control relay, by at least one of the Gear Control and Interface Unit (LGCIU) 1.
A/C batteries, the A/C DC network or transiently from the 28 V DC
Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG). APU FUEL FEED SYSTEM
MASTER SWITCH P/B The ECB receives a discrete signal from the APU low fuel pressure
switch. It sends a discrete signal to the APU fuel LP Shut-Off Valve
The APU MASTER SWitch sends a discrete supply or stop signal to the (SOV).
ECB. The ECB sends a discrete signal to the FAULT light when an
automatic or emergency shutdown occurs or a power-up test fails. EIU
AIR INTAKE FLAP During engine starts, the ECB receives a Main Engine Start (MES) signal
from Engine Interface Units (EIUs) 1 or 2. This signal causes the ECB
The ECB sends a power output for opening or closing the air intake flap to position the Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs) to the fully open position and
and receives an air intake flap open or closed position signal. the bleed control valve to modulate in delivery position.
START P/B BMC

A discrete input signal from the START P/B initiates the starting When the APU bleed P/B is set to ON, Bleed Monitoring Computers
sequences. The ECB sends a discrete signal to the ON light during the (BMCs) 1 or 2 send a discrete input to the ECB which controls the
APU start sequence. A discrete output signal to the A/C energizes the opening of the APU bleed control valve. ECB sends discrete output signal
AVAIL light in the START P/B when the APU speed is above 95% rpm. to the BMCs to indicate when the BCV is not in the closed position.
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BACK-UP AND MAIN START CONTACTORS TSO/JAR

The ECB sends discrete output signals to the back-up and the main start The ECB receives a discrete input from the A/C signature PIN
contactors and receives as a feedback a discrete input from the main start programming. This open or ground signal determines whether the ECB
contactor. follows the Technical Standard Order (TSO) or the Joint Aviation
Requirements (JAR).
EMERGENCY STOP
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM (ECS)
A discrete input signal from the A/C initiates the APU emergency
shutdown logic after the ECB has received this signal. The ECB receives, via an ARINC 429 bus, an input from the Air
conditioning System Controller 1 and 2 (ACSC) to control the IGVs
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position according to the demand. The ECB sends a discrete output to
the ACSC 1 and 2 to signal that the APU bleed valve is in delivery
position.
A320/A321 IDENTIFICATION
The ECB receives a discrete input from the A/C signature PIN
programming. This identification PIN lets the ECB identify the A321
applications for functional differences from those of an A320.
GENERATOR OIL TEMPERATURE SENSOR

The ECB receives an analog input from this sensor which is a component
mounted on the AC generator.
SDAC
The ECB sends to the System Data Acquisition Concentrators (SDACs)
1 and 2, via ARINC 429 data buses, the indications to show on the ECAM
APU page and shutdown information to trigger the related warnings.
CFDS
The ECB is a BITE type 1 computer and is connected to the Centralized
Fault Display System (CFDS) via ARINC 429 data buses.
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POWER SUPPLY ... CFDS
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APU FILM PRESENTATION (2)

INTRODUCTION
The Auxiliary Power International Corporation (APIC) APS-3200 APU
provides the aircraft with an independent source of pneumatic and
electrical power, which can be used during flight and ground operations.
The APU is installed in a fireproof compartment located in the aircraft
tail cone. Access for servicing and maintenance is provided by two doors.
The APU is controlled and monitored by a Full Authority Digital Engine
Control (FADEC) type Electronic Control Box (ECB). The ECB is located
on the right side of the aft cargo compartment. It transmits the APU
operational and maintenance data to the Electronic Centralized Aircraft
Monitoring (ECAM) system. The data is displayed on the ECAM display.
This is the Auxiliary Power International APS-3200 APU. It supplies the
aircraft pneumatic system with compressed air for engine starting and
air conditioning and it provides the power to drive an AC electrical
generator, which supplies the aircraft electrical buses. All of the following
component location references are clockwise from the rear looking
forward. The APU is comprised of three major assemblies and their
components. The major assemblies are:
- the power section, which includes a single stage centrifugal flow
compressor, an annular reverse flow combustion chamber, a two-stage
axial flow turbine and the exhaust case,
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- the load compressor, which comprises a centrifugal compressor, a

diffuser, and a row of Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs),
- the Accessory Gearbox (AGB).
The power section drives the load compressor and the Accessory Gearbox
via a single shaft. The load compressor supplies compressed air to the
aircraft pneumatic system. The Accessory Gearbox is installed on the
front flange of the load compressor case. It is driven by a quill shaft from
the front of the load compressor. It provides support and gear reduction
power for the accessories and serves as the oil system reservoir.
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INTRODUCTION
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GEARBOX ACCESSORIES
The APU generator is mounted near the three o'clock position on the
Accessory Gearbox. It produces 3-phase AC electrical power to supply
the aircraft electrical buses. The control and monitoring signals are
transmitted from the aircraft systems through a quick disconnected
electrical connector. The generator will be removed to improve viewing
access to the remaining accessories and components. The cooling fan
assembly is mounted at the 12 o'clock position on the Accessory Gearbox.
It contains a Permanent Magnetic Generator (PMG), which provides the
Electronic Control Box with an interrupt DC power supply and a backup
over speed protection signal. The cooling air supply duct may be removed
to provide access to the cooling fan, which may be used to turn the
rotating assembly for maintenance inspections. The starter is located at
the 10 o'clock position on the front of the Accessory Gearbox. It is
operated by a 28 volt DC power supply, which is controlled by the
Electronic Control Box. It is equipped with a brushwear indicator for
condition monitoring. The Fuel Control Unit (FCU) is installed on the
front of the Accessory Gearbox near the 9 o'clock position. It supplies
high-pressure metered fuel for combustion and servo fuel to operate the
Inlet Guide Vane actuator and the bleed control valve. The oil pump unit
is installed on the front of the Accessory Gearbox near the 8 o'clock
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position. It contains one oil supply pump and two oil scavenge pumps.
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GEARBOX ACCESSORIES
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GEARBOX COMPONENTS
The oil level is monitored by the oil level sensor installed at the 3 o'clock
position on the right side of the Accessory Gearbox. If the oil level is
low, it will be indicated on the ECAM display during the start cycle. Two
oil filters are installed on the front of the Accessory Gearbox, the engine
oil supply filter and the generator oil scavenge filter. Both filters are
monitored by visual clog indicators and differential pressure switches.
If the pressure increases to a specific value, the ECB conducts an
automatic shutdown and transmits a maintenance message to the aircraft
centralized maintenance system. The oil system is protected from
overpressure by an oil pressure relief valve installed at the 6 o'clock
position on the front of the Accessory Gearbox. The adjacent magnetic
drain plug is used for oil system monitoring and maintenance operations.
The oil reservoir is serviced at the left side of the APU through the gravity
fill cap or through the pressure fill and overflow connectors. A sight gage
verifies the oil quantity. The oil system de-prime valve is installed at the
9 o'clock position on the Accessory Gearbox. It is opened during the start
cycle to reduce the load on the oil supply pump and during the shutdown
cycle to stop the oil flow.
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GEARBOX COMPONENTS
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OIL SYSTEM
The oil pump unit supplies oil to the oil bypass valve, which is installed
on the front of the oil cooler. If the oil is cool, it flows through the bypass
valve to the oil filter. If the oil is hot, it flows through the oil cooler to
the oil filter. The oil temperature is monitored by the High Oil
Temperature (HOT) sensor installed at the 6 o'clock position on the rear
of the Accessory Gearbox. The oil pressure is monitored by the Low Oil
Pressure (LOP) switch installed on the lower right hand side of the
Accessory Gearbox at the 3 o'clock position. The Electronic Control Box
uses temperature and pressure data for protective shutdowns during
specific operating conditions.
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OIL SYSTEM
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FUEL SYSTEM
The fuel supply from the aircraft is delivered to the Fuel Control Unit
(FCU) inlet. It is filtered by a fuel filter installed on the Fuel Control Unit
housing. The filter condition is monitored by a clog indicator. The fuel
flows internally through the high pressure pump to the fuel pressure
regulator and the servo valve. The pressure pump is protected by a
pressure relief valve. The fuel pressure regulator supplies servo fuel to
operate the Inlet Guide Vane actuator and the bleed control valve. The
Fuel Control Unit servo valve regulates the fuel flow to the power section.
The fuel flow is controlled by the 3-way solenoid valve. The servo valve
and the 3-way solenoid valve are controlled by the Electronic Control
Box. When the 3-way solenoid valve is opened, the metered fuel is
supplied to the fuel flow divider located at the 9 o'clock position on the
turbine case. The flow divider distributes the fuel to the two fuel
manifolds. During the initial start sequence, fuel is supplied to the three
pilot fuel injectors through the pilot injectors manifold. When the fuel
pressure increases to a specific value, fuel is supplied to the six main fuel
injectors through the main injector manifold. When the APU is running,
all of the fuel injectors are supplied with fuel. When the APU is stopped,
the residual fuel from the pilot fuel injectors and the manifold is purged
through the APU exhaust. The combustion chamber is drained through
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the combustion chamber drain valve installed at the 6 o'clock position

on the combustion case. The drain valve is connected to the drain system
manifold, which drains fluids from the air bypass plenum and the actuator
and pump sealed drain areas to the drain system interface plate located
at the 5 o'clock position on the right side of the APU.
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FUEL SYSTEM
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AIR SYSTEM
The air inlet plenum supplies air to the power section compressor, the
load compressor and the cooling fan. The airflow to the power section is
used for combustion. The airflow is monitored by the load compressor
inlet pressure/temperature sensor installed on the rear of the air inlet
plenum near the 3 o'clock position. The data is used for fuel metering
control and load compressor control. The airflow to the load compressor
is controlled by a row of internal Inlet Guide Vanes. The Inlet Guide
Vanes are operated by the Inlet Guide Vane actuator located at the 3
o'clock position on the load compressor case. The Inlet Guide Vane
actuator is operated by servo fuel supplied from the Fuel Control Unit
pressure regulator. It is controlled by a servo valve. The actuator is
connected to the operating rod by a quick release pin. The Inlet Guide
Vanes position is monitored by an internal linear transducer. The load
compressor discharge air pressure data is used for airflow control. The
pressure is monitored by the load compressor discharge pressure sensor
installed on the front of the air inlet plenum near the 3 o'clock position.
The air supply from the load compressor is controlled by the bleed control
valve. The butterfly-type valve is installed on the compressor outlet scroll
at the 4 o'clock position. It is operated by a fuel servo actuator. The servo
fuel is supplied from the Fuel Control Unit pressure regulator and
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controlled by a servo valve. The bleed valve position is indicated by a

visual position indicator and monitored by an internal linear transducer.
The bleed control valve supplies air to the aircraft pneumatic system on
demand. When the APU is shut down, it vents the unused air to the APU
exhaust. Air from the plenum is ducted to the gearbox mounted cooling
fan. The fan supplies air to the APU compartment and to the oil cooler.
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AIR SYSTEM
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IGNITION SYSTEM
The ignition exciter is mounted on the left side of the air inlet plenum at
the 8 o'clock position. The high voltage capacitor and discharge unit
supplies the two igniter plugs through the igniter cables. The igniter plugs
are installed in the combustion chamber case at the 5 and 9 o'clock
positions. The ignition cycle is controlled by the Electronic Control Box.
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IGNITION SYSTEM
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INDICATING AND RECORDING SYSTEM
The APU rotational speed is measured by two speed sensors. They are
installed in the ducting gear case at the 4 and 7 o'clock positions. The
Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) is measured by two thermocouple rakes
installed in the exhaust case at the 4 and 7 o'clock positions. The speed
and temperature data is monitored by the Electronic Control Box and
displayed on the ECAM display. The engine identification module is
mounted on a bracket on the left side of the air inlet plenum near the 3
o'clock position. The resistor-type module transmits the APU serial
number to the Electronic Control Box.
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INDICATING AND RECORDING SYSTEM
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CONTROL AND MONITORING
The APU is controlled and monitored by a Full Authority Digital Engine
Control type Electronic Control Box. The Electronic Control Box is
located on the right side of the aft cargo compartment. It records the APU
serial number, the operating hours, the cycles and other condition
monitoring parameters. It serves as a maintenance interface with the
aircraft Central Maintenance System (CMS) for fault reporting and
troubleshooting operations.
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CONTROL AND MONITORING
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SUMMARY
The APU serves as an integral part of the aircraft systems. It enhances
the operations of the aircraft by providing an independent source of
pneumatic and electrical power, which can be used in flight for
emergencies or for extended-range operations, and on the ground to
permit the aircraft to operate independently of ground facilities and
services. Some of the components that were identified are Line
Replaceable Units (LRUs). Please consult the appropriate maintenance
manual for additional information.
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SUMMARY
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pump sealed drain areas to the drain mast located at the 3 o'clock
APU MODIFICATION position on the right side of the APU; now, the drain system drains
fluids from the air bypass plenum and the actuator and pump sealed
INTRODUCTION
drain areas to the drain system interface plate located at the 5 o'clock
One of the three major assemblies, the load compressor, has been position on the right side of the APU.
modified: the in-power was replaced by a centrifugal compressor. The
power section has also been modified: instead of driving only the load AIR SYSTEM
compressor to a single shaft turbine, the power section drives the load Before the modification of the APU, the air inlet plenum supplied air
compressor and the AGB via a single shaft. to the power section compressor, the load compressor and the gearbox
fan; now, the air inlet plenum supplies air to the power section
GEARBOX COMPONENTS
compressor, the load compressor and the cooling fan. The airflow to
Before the modification of the APU, the generator oil scavenge filter the power section was used for combustion, oil system pressurization
was monitored by a visual clog indicator and a differential pressure and to operate the APU compartment cooling valve; now the airflow
switch, and the engine oil supply filter was monitored by a visual clog. to the power section is used for combustion only. The data of the load
Now, both filters are monitored by visual clog indicators and compressor inlet pressure/temperature sensor was used for fuel
differential pressure switches. In the old procedure, if the pressure metering control only; now the data is also used for load compressor
increased to a specific value, the ECB transmitted a maintenance control. The butterfly-type valve is now installed on the compressor
message to the A/C centralized maintenance system; now, if pressure outlet scroll at the 4 o'clock position instead of the 3 o'clock position.
increases to a specific value, the ECB conducts an automatic shutdown The temperature data is no longer used for airflow control. The
before transmitting a maintenance message to the A/C centralized temperature is no longer monitored by the load compressor discharge
maintenance system. temperature sensor installed on the compressor outlet scroll. Air from
OIL SYSTEM the plenum is ducted to the gearbox mounted cooling fan instead of
the gearbox fan. The fan supplies air to the APU compartment and
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The LOP was relocated from the right side of the air inlet plenum,
the oil cooler, and no longer to the APU compartment cooling valve.
near the 3 o'clock position, to the lower RH side of the AGB, near the
3 o'clock position. IGNITION SYSTEM
FUEL SYSTEM The ignition exciter is now mounted on the left side of the air inlet
plenum at the 8 o'clock position instead of the 9 o'clock position.
The fuel system of the APU during shutdown has changed. In the old
system, when the APU was shut down, the residual fuel purged through
the APU exhaust came from the fuel manifold; now, the residual fuel
purged through the APU exhaust comes from the pilot fuel injectors
and the manifold. Another modification occurs in the drain system,
which drained fluids from the air bypass plenum and the actuator and
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APU MODIFICATION - INTRODUCTION ... IGNITION SYSTEM
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COMPT ACCESS DOORS OPENING & CLOSING (2)

WARNING
WARNING: DO NOT TOUCH THE AUXILIARY POWER UNIT

(APU) UNTIL IT IS SUFFICIENTLY COOL TO
PREVENT BURNS WHEN YOU DO THE
MAINTENANCE TASK. MAKE SURE THAT THE
THREE QUICK RELEASE FASTENERS ON THE APU
LEFT ACCESS DOOR ARE CORRECTLY STOWED.
THIS PREVENTS DAMAGE TO THE SEAL ON THE
APU LEFT ACCESS DOOR.
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WARNING
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APU ACCESS DOORS OPENING PROCEDURE
Before working on the APU, some precautions have to be taken in the
Cockpit :
- on the Overhead Panel 25 VU, put a warning notice to tell people not
to start the APU.
- on Panel 121 VU, open, safety and tag the Circuit Breakers.
To open the APU Access door, start with the three latches at the bottom
of the door.
Push the snapper and pull the latch handle to open the three latches.
Hold the door and release the two latches of the shoot bolts at the both
ends of the door.
Release the door and leave them in the vertical position.
Release the pip-pin and pull the end of the telescopic strut out until it
locks.
Push the door further open and attach the telescopic strut with the pip-pin
to the fuselage attach point.
Open the other APU access door and release the two latches of the shoot
bolts at the end of the APU Access.
Take the handle to move the access door into the vertical position . After
that push the handle outboard to move the access door in the over center
position.
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APU ACCESS DOORS OPENING PROCEDURE
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APU ACCESS DOORS CLOSING PROCEDURE
Push the handle and the control handle outboard and release the access
door from the over center position.
Pull the handle to move the access door to the closed position and operate
the two shoot-bolt latches.
Hold the access door and release the pip-pin from the fuselage attach
point.
Push the knurled grip back and move the telescopic strut to the closed
position. Lock the telescopic strut to the door attach point.
Close the access door and lock it with the two shoot bolts.
At the bottom of the doors, lock the three latches.
Remove the Safety Precaution and the tags from the circuit breakers.
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APU ACCESS DOORS CLOSING PROCEDURE
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DOOR REMOVAL PRECAUTION
CAUTION: In the event of door removal, you must secure the right
access door hold-open device by inserting the locking pin
in the locking hole. The pin is stowed next to this locking
hole.
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DOOR REMOVAL PRECAUTION
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APU SYSTEM LINE MAINTENANCE (2)

Close and lock the oil filler cap.
SERVICING
APU OIL SERVICING
APU oil servicing is accomplished on an "as-needed" basis or after
scheduled oil quantity checks. The oil indicating system shows if the
oil quantity is sufficient or if an oil servicing is necessary.
The oil level information is displayed on the EIS and the Multipurpose
Control & Display Units (MCDUs) in the cockpit on:
- the APU page on the lower ECAM display unit (LOW OIL LEVEL
advisory),
- the APU SERVICE DATA page on the MCDU, indicating APU
OIL Level O.K. or LOW.
NOTE: Note: The advisory appears on the ECAM APU page when
the oil level has reached the ADD mark on the APU oil tank.
Airbus recommends servicing the APU oil at the next daily
maintenance when the LOW OIL LEVEL message comes on. With
no oil leakage, sufficient oil is available to allow a further 10 hours
of APU operation.
Prior to servicing, shut down the APU and open the APU cowl doors.
Make sure to use the operator approved oil for servicing (operators
may select from the approved list). The oil may be serviced by the
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gravity (most common) or pressure fill procedure (optional).

Gravity procedure:
- Open the lock and slowly loosen the oil filler cap to release remaining
pressure from the oil reservoir,
- Check sight glass for level,
- Slowly add oil until the level is at the FULL mark on the sight glass.
Pressure fill procedure:
- Check sight glass for level,
- Connect pressure and overfill lines to APU gearbox,
- Slowly pump oil into the gearbox until the level is at the FULL mark
on the sight glass.
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SERVICING - APU OIL SERVICING
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SERVICING (continued)
APU COWL DOOR OPENING & CLOSING
The APU cowl doors are secured with three quick-release fasteners
and four shoot bolts. The quick-release fasteners secure the doors
together and the shoot bolts secure the doors to the aircraft structure.
Procedure to open the doors:
- Release the quick-release fasteners,
- Hold the LH door and release the latches of the 2 shoot bolts,
- Open the door and secure it with the telescopic strut,
- Hold the RH door and release the latches of the 2 shoot bolts,
- Open the door and use the control handle to secure the door over
center.
The doors are closed opposite from the opening sequence. The RH
door is closed and secured first.
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SERVICING - APU COWL DOOR OPENING & CLOSING
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MEL/DEACTIVATION
In case of an APU inlet actuator failure, the APU may be dispatched per
MEL with the inlet OPEN or CLOSED. The APU will only be operational
with the inlet deactivated OPEN (for a maximum of 10 days).
The air inlet actuator is equipped with a manual drive. In case of failure
the manual drive may be used to move the inlet to the required position
prior to deactivation. There are 2 different actuators that may be installed.
One requires 47 turns of the manual drive for one full travel of the inlet.
The other requires 87 turns. Access to the actuator is through an access
door near the APU inlet on the right hand side of the fuselage.
Deactivation procedure:
- get access to the actuator,
- disconnect the actuator electrical connector from the fixed connector
on the frame and install a blanking cap,
- use the manual drive to move the inlet to the required position. Use a
torque wrench to avoid damaging the actuator.
If the inlet is deactivated CLOSED, no further action is needed other than
to placard the APU inoperative. If the inlet is deactivated OPEN, the
following procedure has to be accomplished.
When the inlet is in the OPEN position, a jumper lead needs to be installed
to close the circuit and allow the APU to start. Make a dummy connector
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and paint it red for easy identification.
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MEL/DEACTIVATION
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MEL/DEACTIVATION
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MAINTENANCE TIPS
The APU fuel supply line is equipped with a drain and vent valve which
enables the line to be purged of air after maintenance. The drain valve is
located in the APU compartment in the fuel supply line to the fuel control.
A switch labeled FUEL VENT PUSH is installed on the APU
compartment forward firewall to allow maintenance to operate the APU
fuel pump and purge the fuel line from the APU compartment. This switch
allows the APU pump to operate and the APU Low Pressure fuel valve
to open without the APU Master Switch ON.
A drain valve adapter tool is connected to the drain valve.
On the front firewall of the APU compartment:
- Push and hold the FUEL VENT pushbutton switch. At the APU fuel
vent and drain valve, a continuous flow of fuel indicates that the APU
fuel pump is operating and the line is purged,
- Release the FUEL VENT pushbutton switch. The flow of fuel stops
when the APU fuel pump stops running,
- Disconnect the adapter tool.
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MAINTENANCE TIPS
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MAINTENANCE TIPS (continued)
APU OPERATION WITH COWL DOORS OPEN
If it is necessary to operate the APU for maintenance with the cowls
open, be sure to:
- Make sure the doors are secured in the Open position,
- Be aware of suction at inlet. Small items could be ingested,
- Make sure that proper fire-fighting equipment is available.
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MAINTENANCE TIPS - APU OPERATION WITH COWL DOORS OPEN
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ENVIRONMENTAL PRECAUTIONS
Do not discharge products such as oil, fuel, solvent, lubricant either in
trash bins, soil or into the water network (drains, gutters, rain water, waste
water, etc...).
Sort waste fluids and use specific waste disposal containers.
Each product must be stored in an appropriate and specific cabinet or
room such as a fire-resistant and sealed cupboard.
Avoid use of the APU if APU BLEED air is not necessary. Turn-off
unused ground service equipment (GPU, Air conditioning cart, etc...) if
no work is being done or nobody is present on the aircraft.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PRECAUTIONS
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APU REMOVAL / INSTALLATION (3)

WARNING
WARNING: MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE THE CORRECT FIRE

FIGHTING EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE.
DO NOT TOUCH THE APU (AUXILIARY POWER
UNIT) UNTIL IT IS SUFFICIENTLY COOL TO
PREVENT BURNS WHEN YOU DO THE
MAINTENANCE TASK(S).
LOCK THE MECHANISM OF ACCESS DOOR 316 AR
(AS REQUIRED) WITH THE PIP-PIN WHEN YOU OPEN
THE ACCESS DOOR.
DEPRESSURIZE GREEN AND YELLOW HYDRAULIC
SYSTEMS.
OPEN, SAFETY AND TAG THE APPROPRIATE C/BS.
NOTE: Before APU removal, on the Centralized Fault Display System

(CFDS), do the BITE test of the APU and record the APU hours
and cycles.
After APU installation, bleed the APU fuel line before you start
the APU to prevent hot start.
FUEL DRAIN
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WARNING: OBEY THE FUEL SAFETY PROCEDURES.
CAUTION: Put plastic caps or plugs on all fuel and/or lubrication system
components and lines. If you use tape, cloth, or metal caps
on them, you can damage the APU.
CAUTION: You must use two wrenches and hold the component when
you remove/install the pipe couplings and/or unions. This
prevents damage to the component.
Drain the fuel line, then disconnect the LP fuel line.
T1+T2 (IAE V2500) (Lvl 2&3) APU REMOVAL / INSTALLATION (3) Feb 01, 2011
49 - APU Page 232
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WARNING & FUEL DRAIN
49 - APU Page 233

ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS 1
Disconnect the electrical connectors P1, P2, P3 from the APU front
bulkhead.
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49 - APU Page 235

Disconnect the electrical connectors from the generator and the starter.
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PNEUMATIC
Remove the pneumatic air duct and the oil cooler outlet duct.
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PNEUMATIC
49 - APU Page 239

HOISTING
First connect the hoist to the ceiling bracket, then to the left sidewall and
finally connect the shackle to the APU hoisting point.
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HOISTING
49 - APU Page 241

MOUNTS
Slowly wind the APU hoist until the cable is in tension. Remove the APU
mount nuts and protect the APU mount threads.
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MOUNTS
49 - APU Page 243

SUPPORT FRAME
Using the mounts, attach the APU to its support frame.
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SUPPORT FRAME
49 - APU Page 245
AIRBUS S.A.S.
31707 BLAGNAC cedex, FRANCE
STM
REFERENCE UCE11021
FEBRUARY 2011
PRINTED IN FRANCE
AIRBUS S.A.S. 2011
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
AN EADS COMPANY

Single Aisle Technical Training Manual T1+T2 (IAE V2500) (LVL 2&3) APU

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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

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AIRBUS Environmental Recommendation

APU SYSTEM COMPONENT LOCATION (2)

APU SYSTEM COMPONENT LOCATION (2)

COMPONENT LOCATION - ENGINE VIEW

APU SYSTEM COMPONENT LOCATION (2)

COMPONENT LOCATION - ELECTRONIC CONTROL BOX (ECB)

APU SYSTEM COMPONENT LOCATION (2)

COMPONENT LOCATION - AIR INTAKE FLAP

APU INSTALLATION PRESENTATION (2)

AIR INTAKE FLAP

AIR INTAKE DUCT

GENERAL ... DRAIN SYSTEM

APU FUEL FEED SYSTEM D/O (3)

GENERAL ... FUEL DRAIN AND VENT SYSTEM

APU DRAIN SYSTEM PRESENTATION (2)

Control Unit (FCU)/IGV actuator common drain line.

APU DRAIN SYSTEM ... DRAIN TANK

APU BASIC DESCRIPTION (3)

The following components are installed on the combustion chamber:

GENERAL ... ACCESSORY GEARBOX

APU IGNITION & STARTING D/O (3)

STARTER CONTROL & IGNITION CONTROL

APU FUEL SYSTEM D/O (3)

APU FUEL SYSTEM D/O (3)

FUEL CONTROL UNIT

APU FUEL SYSTEM D/O (3)

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

APU FUEL SYSTEM D/O (3)

APU FUEL SYSTEM D/O (3)

FLOW DIVIDER AND SOLENOID VALVE

FUEL SHUT-OFF ... FUEL SUPPLY

APU FUEL SYSTEM D/O (3)

APU INDICATION SYSTEM (3)

TEMPERATURE INDICATING - EGT THERMOCOUPLE

APU INDICATION SYSTEM (3)

TEMPERATURE INDICATING - TEMPERATURE MONITORING

APU INDICATION SYSTEM (3)

POWER INDICATING - SPEED SENSOR

APU INDICATION SYSTEM (3)

POWER INDICATING - POWER MONITORING

APU OIL SYSTEM D/O (3)

GENERAL & OIL HEATER (OPTION)

APU OIL SYSTEM D/O (3)

APU OIL SYSTEM D/O (3)

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

APU OIL SYSTEM D/O (3)

APU OIL SYSTEM D/O (3)

DE-OILING SOLENOID - DURING COLD START

APU OIL SYSTEM D/O (3)

DE-OILING SOLENOID - DURING SHUT DOWN

APU AIR SYSTEM D/O (3)

GENERAL ... MONITORING

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

APU AIR SYSTEM D/O (3)