36 Pneumatic

Single Aisle
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
T1+T2 (IAE V2500) (Lvl 2&3)
PNEUMATIC
This document must be used for training purposes only
Under no circumstances should this document be used as a reference
It will not be updated.
All rights reserved

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form,
by photostat, microfilm, retrieval system, or any other means,
without the prior written permission of AIRBUS S.A.S.
AIRBUS Environmental Recommendation

Please consider your environmental responsability before printing this document.
Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
PNEUMATIC
Pneumatic System Line Maintenance (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Engine Bleed System Description (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
APU Bleed Air SPLY/X-Bleed System D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Pneumatic System Operation (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
BMC Interfaces (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Pneumatic Leak Detection System D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
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T1+T2 (IAE V2500) (Lvl 2&3) TABLE OF CONTENTS Nov 27, 2009
36 - PNEUMATIC Page 1
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM LINE MAINTENANCE (2)

However, APU BLEED air could also be used in flight, depending
SYSTEM OVERVIEW on altitude. The APU bleed supply is connected to the left side of the
crossbleed duct.
The Pneumatic system is used to supply High Pressure (HP) air for air
On the ground, a HP ground power unit can be connected to the left
conditioning, pressurization, engine start and anti-icing. HP air can be
side pneumatic system. The right side may be supplied by opening
supplied from both engines, the APU or an external ground source.
the crossbleed valve.
ENGINE BLEED
The engine bleed air is pressure and temperature regulated prior to
supplying the pneumatic system. Air is bled from two engine High
Pressure Compressor (HPC) stages, the Intermediate Pressure (IP)
stage and the HP stage.
The High Pressure Bleed Valve (HPV) supplies air to the system when
the engines are at low power. Once the IP bleed is sufficient, the HPV
closes.
All the engine bleed air is supplied to the pneumatic system through
the main engine BLEED valve (or Pressure Regulating Valve (PRV)),
which acts as a shut off and overall system pressure regulating valve.
Each Bleed Monitoring Computer (BMC) monitors system pressure
and will shut down the engine bleed in case of excessive pressure. In
addition, an Overpressure Valve (OPV) is installed downstream from
the bleed valve to protect the system in case of overpressure.
The temperature of the engine bleed air is regulated to a maximum
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value. The hot bleed air goes through an air-to-air heat exchanger
called the precooler. Fan discharge air modulated by the Fan Air Valve
(FAV), blows across the pre-cooler to maintain the temperature within
limits.
APU BLEED/EXTERNAL AIR
The left and right bleed systems are connected by a crossbleed duct.
A crossbleed valve enables their interconnection or isolation.
The APU can also be used for bleed air supply. This is usually done
on the ground for air conditioning and for engine start.
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW - ENGINE BLEED & APU BLEED/EXTERNAL AIR

SYSTEM OVERVIEW (continued)
LEAK DETECTION
Leak detection loops are installed along the hot air supply ducts of
the pneumatic system and are connected to the BMCs. The leak
detection system is organized into three loops. Here are the loops and
the protected areas: - PYLON: the pre-cooler outlet area,
- WING: wing leading edge and belly fairing,
- APU: APU aft supply duct (left hand side of the fuselage) from APU
firewall to wheel well area.
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW - LEAK DETECTION

MEL/DEACTIVATION
PRV AND HPV DEACTIVATION
In case of failure, the pneumatic system HPV must be deactivated
CLOSED for dispatch per Minimum Equipment List.
The deactivation procedure is the same for both valves.
Procedure:
- associated BLEED switch selected OFF,
- APU BLEED switch selected OFF,
- open the fan cowl,
- deactivate the thrust reverser at the Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU),
- open the thrust reverser cowl,
- on the PRV, move the manual override to the CLOSED position,
- secure in CLOSED position with locking pin,
- close thrust reverser cowls,
- reactivate the thrust reverser,
- close the fan cowl.
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MEL/DEACTIVATION - PRV AND HPV DEACTIVATION

MEL/DEACTIVATION (continued)
WING LEAK DETECTION
The WING leak detection is a dual-loop system. To generate a WING
LEAK warning, both A and B loops have to detect the overheat. For
dispatch, WING leak detection must be operational (at least one loop)
on each wing. If a single loop fails, the MAINTENANCE message
AIR BLEED will be displayed on the STATUS page associated with
a Centralized Fault Display System (CFDS) message L(R) WING
LOOP (INOP). The aircraft may be dispatched per Minimum
Equipment List with the MAINTENANCE message displayed.
For troubleshooting it is important to understand that the WING
detection elements monitor much more than just the wings alone. The
protected areas are:
- wing leading edge (wing anti-ice supply duct),
- air conditioning compartment - belly fairing - (pack supply,
crossbleed manifold, APU supply, ground air supply),
- APU forward supply duct (from the APU check valve through the
wheel well).
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MEL/DEACTIVATION - WING LEAK DETECTION

MAINTENANCE TIPS
TROUBLESHOOTING NOTE
Normal operation of the pneumatic system does not require electric
power. The HPV, PRV, OPV and FAV are all controlled and operated
pneumatically.
The HPV, PRV, OPV and FAV are also connected to a dedicated
reference pressure pneumatic Thermostat or solenoid.
During troubleshooting, it is very important to check the integrity of
all pneumatic sense-line connections, in between the valves and its
thermostat or solenoid.
The BMC monitors the system operation and shuts down the system
in case of over temperature, over pressure or a Leak.
The BMC BITE does not confirm the integrity of the system.
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MAINTENANCE TIPS - TROUBLESHOOTING NOTE

MAINTENANCE TIPS (continued)
TEST SET
A Test Set is available to assist in troubleshooting the pneumatic
system. The test set enables calibrated pressure to be applied to
individual valves, components and isolated parts of the system to
check for normal operation and sense line integrity. Several kinds of
valves can be tested through the pneumatic system test set like:
Pressure Regulating Valve, High Pressure Valve, Overpressure Valve,
Fan Air Valve.
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MAINTENANCE TIPS - TEST SET

MAINTENANCE TIPS (continued)
ENGINE START WITH GROUND AIR
To perform an engine start with ground air, the connection is located
on the lower fuselage. The access door is on the belly fairing.
During a ground air start, the crossbleed valve must be operated
manually. For safety, it is recommended to use the ground air supply
to start the first engine. Then disconnect the ground air supply and
perform a crossbleed start for the second engine.
On the ECAM BLEED page, the GND indication DOES NOT indicate
ground air supply connected or available. This indication appears
when the aircraft is on the ground to show that the ground air is
directly supplied to the LEFT side of the system only. The left bleed
system pressure indicator will indicate pressure when the ground air
is supplied.
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MAINTENANCE TIPS - ENGINE START WITH GROUND AIR
ENGINE BLEED SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (3)

SOL), located downstream from the precooler. The control solenoid
GENERAL operates in two modes, pneumatic and electric, causing complete closure
of the PRV.
The engine air bleed pressure is pneumatically regulated by the High
The pneumatic mode is used for:
Pressure (HP) Valve (VLV) when air is supplied by the HP stage, or by
- reverse flow protection - the PRV is closed when a delta pressure
the Pressure Regulating Valve (PRV) when the air is supplied by the
between the precooler outlet and the PRV inlet is detected.
Intermediate Pressure (IP) stage. The pressure regulation system is
The electrical mode with PRV shut-off function through energization of
monitored by two Bleed Monitoring Computers (BMCs).
the control solenoid is used when:
HP VALVE - the ENGine BLEED P/B is selected "OFF",
- the ENGine FIRE P/B is RELEASED OUT,
Switching between IP and HP is done pneumatically when the IP stage The solenoid is automatically energized by the BMC in the following
pressure is not sufficient (engine at low speed). The HP VLV cases:
pneumatically regulates the air supply between 8 and 36 psi. The HP - over-temperature downstream of the precooler - the heat exchanger
VLV is forced to close when the PRV is closed via the PRV/HP VLV outlet temperature sensor senses a temperature above 257°C (527°F),
sense line. In flight, the Electronic Engine Control (EEC) for IAE - overpressure downstream of the PRV when the pressure-regulated
V2500-A5 engines maintains the HP VLV closed. transducer senses a pressure greater than 57 psi,
When the solenoid is de-energized, the opening of the HP VLV is not - leak detection in pylon/wing/fuselage ducts and surrounding areas,
inhibited. The solenoid will be energized by the EEC when: - APU bleed valve not closed,
- the engine is above idle, the pressure PS3 is greater than 110 psi for the - corresponding starter valve not closed.
single aisle family IAE V2500-A5 engine,
- the Wing Anti-Ice (WAI) is OFF, OPV
- the altitude is over 15,000 ft,
The Overpressure Valve (OPV), which is normally open, closes
- the pack configuration is normal.
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pneumatically. The OPV starts to close at 75 psi. It is fully closed at 85

IP CHECK VALVE psi and opens again at around 35 psi.
The IP check valve protects the IP stage from reverse flow when the HP REGULATED PRESSURE
VLV is open.
A transducer, connected to both BMCs, reads the regulated pressure
PRV/CONTROL SOLENOID downstream from the PRV. This pressure is indicated on the ECAM.
The PRV pneumatically regulates the bleed pressure around 44 psi. A

thermal fuse causes the valve to close in case of engine fire at 450°C
(842°F). The PRV is pneumatically controlled by an external
servo-control, the bleed pressure regulated valve control solenoid (CTL
T1+T2 (IAE V2500) (Lvl 2&3) ENGINE BLEED SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (3) Nov 27, 2009
TRANSFERRED PRESSURE
A transducer, connected to the related BMC, reads the transferred pressure
downstream from the High Pressure Valve (HPV). This pressure is used
to monitor the PRV and the HPV.
FAV/CONTROL THERMOSTAT
The Fan Air Valve (FAV) pneumatically regulates the fan airflow to the
precooler for bleed air temperature regulation at 200°C (392°F). The
FAV is pneumatically controlled by an external servo-control: the FAV
control thermostat (CTL THERMST), located downstream from the
precooler.
PRECOOLER
The precooler is an air-to-air heat exchanger.
HEAT EXCHANGER OUTLET TEMPERATURE SENSOR

The heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor, connected to both BMCs,
reads the regulated temperature downstream from the precooler. This
temperature is shown on the ECAM and used to monitor the system.
NOTE: Note: If the precooler exchanger outlet temperature reaches

240°C (464°F), the BMC generates a class 2 maintenance
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message - "AIR BLEED" - on the ECAM STATUS page. An

associated maintenance message "Thermostat (THRMST), FAV
or sense line" can be seen on the PFR, or on the MCDU.
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GENERAL ... HEAT EXCHANGER OUTLET TEMPERATURE SENSOR
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APU BLEED AIR SPLY/X-BLEED SYSTEM D/O (3)

- Engine crossbleed start using opposite engine bleed,
APU BLEED - Engine 2 start using ground air supply.
SHUT position is used to:
The APU bleed air supplies the pneumatic system, through the APU bleed
- confirm automatic closure during bleed leak detection.
valve, if the APU is running.
The Bleed Load Valve for the APU GTCP 36-300A (GARRETT) and HP GROUND CONNECTION
the Load Control Valve of Honeywell APU 131-9A are electrically
controlled by the ECB (solenoid) and pneumatically operated. In the A ground cart may supply the pneumatic system. The supply duct is
absence of air pressure or electrical power, the valves are spring-loaded located on the left hand side of the cross bleed valve. Only the LH bleed
closed. system is supplied. When the X-BLEED selector is in the OPEN position,
The APU Bleed Control Valve for the APIC APU is electrically controlled the ground air supply will be available to supply the LH and RH system
and fuel operated by a servo valve. The Electronic Control Box (ECB) together.
controls the servo valve and fuel muscle pressure opens or closes the
APU bleed valve. In the absence of fuel pressure or electrical power, the
valve shuts off the bleed supply to the aircraft pneumatic system.
NOTE: These valves are of the ON/OFF type.
X-BLEED SYSTEM
A ground cart may also supply the pneumatic system. The ground air
supply duct is connected to the left hand side of the crossbleed duct.
The crossbleed (X-BLEED) valve is an electrically controlled shut-off
valve operated by two electrical DC motors.
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The X-BLEED valve is used to isolate or connect the left and right bleed
air systems:
- the primary motor is used for AUTOmatic mode. The Bleed Monitoring
Computer (BMC) controls the position of the valve according to the APU
bleed configuration,
- the secondary motor is used for manual operation. The X-BLEED
selector on the overhead panel controls the position of the valve.
OPEN position is used for:
- left and right pack supply using single engine bleed,
- left and right Wing Anti-Ice supply using single engine bleed,
- left and right pack supply using ground air supply,
T1+T2 (IAE V2500) (Lvl 2&3) APU BLEED AIR SPLY/X-BLEED SYSTEM D/O (3) Nov 27, 2009
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APU BLEED ... HP GROUND CONNECTION
T1+T2 (IAE V2500) (Lvl 2&3) APU BLEED AIR SPLY/X-BLEED SYSTEM D/O (3) Nov 27, 2009
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM OPERATION (3)

APU AIR BLEED SELECTION
When the APU runs and the APU BLEED P/BSW is released out, the
supply air goes up to the APU bleed valve which is closed. When the
APU BLEED P/BSW is selected in the ON position the APU bleed valve
opens, the Pressure Regulator Valves (PRVs) are maintained electrically
closed and the X BLEED valve is automatically opened, provided the X
BLEED valve selector is in the AUTOmatic position.
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APU AIR BLEED SELECTION

ENGINE AIR BLEED SELECTION
When one engine or both engines run and the APU runs, each PRV
remains electrically closed by the related Bleed Monitoring Computer
(BMC). When both engines run, the APU continues to supply air as long
as the APU bleed valve remains open. When the APU BLEED valve
P/BSW is released out, the APU bleed valve closes, the X BLEED valve
closes automatically and the PRVs open.
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ENGINE AIR BLEED SELECTION

HP/IP ENGINE STAGE PRIORITY
The APU is shut down and both engines are running.
THRUST LEVERS IN IDLE POSITION
With both thrust levers in the idle position, the HP (High Pressure)
Valves (VLVs) are open and supplying air.
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HP/IP ENGINE STAGE PRIORITY - THRUST LEVERS IN IDLE POSITION

HP/IP ENGINE STAGE PRIORITY (continued)
THRUST LEVER IN TAKE-OFF POSITION
When the power of the engines is increased to the Takeoff (TO)
position, the HP VLV is closed, and the bleed air is supplied by the
Intermediate Pressure (IP) stage.
NOTE: Note: if you set again the thrust levers in the idle position,
the HP VLV is open again.
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HP/IP ENGINE STAGE PRIORITY - THRUST LEVER IN TAKE-OFF POSITION

HP/IP ENGINE STAGE PRIORITY (continued)
ENGINES SHUT DOWN
When the engines are shut down, the PRV, Fan Air Valve (FAV) and
HP VLV are springloaded closed due to the lack of air pressure.
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HP/IP ENGINE STAGE PRIORITY - ENGINES SHUT DOWN

GROUND AIR SUPPLY
The ground air supply is provided by a ground air cart connected to the
HP ground connector. Only the LH bleed system is supplied. When the
X BLEED valve selector is selected in the OPEN position, the ground
air supply is available to feed the LH and RH bleed system.
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GROUND AIR SUPPLY
BMC INTERFACES (3)

INPUTS
Each Bleed Monitoring Computer (BMC) has three types of inputs:
- DIGITAL INPUTS via ARINC 429 buses, from the opposite BMC,
corresponding Engine Interface Unit (EIU) and Centralized Fault Display
Interface Unit (CFDIU),
- ANALOG INPUTS from the bleed sensors,
- DISCRETE INPUTS from valve position switches, BMC and overhead
panel. 28V DC power is supplied for energization of the bleed Pressure
Regulating Valve (PRV) control solenoid.
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T1+T2 (IAE V2500) (Lvl 2&3) BMC INTERFACES (3) Nov 27, 2009
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INPUTS
BMC INTERFACES (3)

OUTPUTS
Each BMC has two types of outputs:
- DIGITAL OUTPUTS via ARINC 429 buses to the System Data
Acquisition Concentrators (SDACs) for ECAM warnings and indications,
the CFDIUs for maintenance purposes, and the opposite BMC for bleed
monitoring purposes,
- DISCRETE OUTPUTS to the APU Electronic Control Box (ECB) for
APU availability, to the overhead panel for bleed faults, to the cross bleed
valve, control solenoid and Air Conditioning System Controller (ACSC).
NOTE: In case of BMC failure, the monitoring of main parameters

such as High Pressure (HP) Valve (VLV), PRV, heat exchanger
outlet temperature sensor, and regulated pressure transducer,
is kept, but the automatic control of the PRV is lost.
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OUTPUTS
PNEUMATIC LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM D/O (3)

ROUTING
The leak detection system is used to detect leaks in the vicinity of the
packs, wings, pylons and APU hot air ducts. Each wing is monitored by
a double loop. The pylon and APU hot air ducts are monitored by a single
loop. A continuous monitoring system detects ambient overheat in the
vicinity of the hot air ducts.
Protected areas with double loop for:
- RH wing and pack 2,
- LH wing, pack 1 and mid fuselage APU duct.
Protected areas with single loop for:
- LH and RH pylons,
- AFT fuselage APU duct.
NOTE: Each loop consists of sensing elements connected in series.

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T1+T2 (IAE V2500) (Lvl 2&3) PNEUMATIC LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM D/O (3) Nov 27, 2009
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ROUTING

WARNING LOGIC
Both Bleed Monitoring Computers (BMCs) receive signals from the leak
detection loops. They exchange data via an ARINC bus for the wing
double loop detection.
NOTE: The wing loops A are connected to BMC 1 and wing loops B
to BMC 2. The crosstalk bus allows wing leak warnings to be
activated through an AND logic. The APU loop is connected
to BMC 1 only. The pylon loop is connected to the related
BMC.
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WARNING LOGIC

FAULT LOGIC
The ENG BLEED FAULT light comes on when a leak is detected by the
wing loops A and B or by the pylon loop. The APU BLEED FAULT
light comes on when an APU duct leak is detected. If one BMC is failed,
the adjacent BMC takes over monitoring of the bleed system and ensures
the following ECAM warnings:
- OVERPRESSure,
- OVERTEMPerature,
- WING LEAK.
Nevertheless the associated FAULT light on the AIR CONDitioning
panel is lost, and the associated bleed valve does not close automatically.
The ENG BLEED LEAK warning is lost for the associated engine as
well as the APU BLEED LEAK warning if BMC 1 is failed.
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FAULT LOGIC

LEAK CONSEQUENCE
A detected leak will close associated valves, as shown on this table. These
valves are automatically controlled to close if they were open.
NOTE: APU and cross bleed (X-BLEED) valves do not close during
Main Engine Start (MES).
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LEAK CONSEQUENCE
AIRBUS S.A.S.
31707 BLAGNAC cedex, FRANCE
STM
REFERENCE UAL09471
NOVEMBER 2009
PRINTED IN FRANCE
AIRBUS S.A.S. 2009
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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AIRBUS Environmental Recommendation

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM LINE MAINTENANCE (2)

SYSTEM OVERVIEW - ENGINE BLEED & APU BLEED/EXTERNAL AIR

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM LINE MAINTENANCE (2)

SYSTEM OVERVIEW - LEAK DETECTION

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM LINE MAINTENANCE (2)

MEL/DEACTIVATION - PRV AND HPV DEACTIVATION

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM LINE MAINTENANCE (2)

MEL/DEACTIVATION - WING LEAK DETECTION

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM LINE MAINTENANCE (2)

MAINTENANCE TIPS - TROUBLESHOOTING NOTE

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM LINE MAINTENANCE (2)

MAINTENANCE TIPS - TEST SET

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM LINE MAINTENANCE (2)

MAINTENANCE TIPS - ENGINE START WITH GROUND AIR

ENGINE BLEED SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (3)

pneumatically. The OPV starts to close at 75 psi. It is fully closed at 85

The PRV pneumatically regulates the bleed pressure around 44 psi. A

HEAT EXCHANGER OUTLET TEMPERATURE SENSOR

NOTE: Note: If the precooler exchanger outlet temperature reaches

message - "AIR BLEED" - on the ECAM STATUS page. An

GENERAL ... HEAT EXCHANGER OUTLET TEMPERATURE SENSOR

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

APU BLEED AIR SPLY/X-BLEED SYSTEM D/O (3)

NOTE: These valves are of the ON/OFF type.

APU BLEED ... HP GROUND CONNECTION

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM OPERATION (3)

APU AIR BLEED SELECTION

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM OPERATION (3)

ENGINE AIR BLEED SELECTION

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM OPERATION (3)

HP/IP ENGINE STAGE PRIORITY - THRUST LEVERS IN IDLE POSITION

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM OPERATION (3)

HP/IP ENGINE STAGE PRIORITY - THRUST LEVER IN TAKE-OFF POSITION

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM OPERATION (3)

HP/IP ENGINE STAGE PRIORITY - ENGINES SHUT DOWN

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM OPERATION (3)

GROUND AIR SUPPLY

BMC INTERFACES (3)

BMC INTERFACES (3)

NOTE: In case of BMC failure, the monitoring of main parameters

PNEUMATIC LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM D/O (3)

NOTE: Each loop consists of sensing elements connected in series.

PNEUMATIC LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM D/O (3)

PNEUMATIC LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM D/O (3)

PNEUMATIC LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM D/O (3)

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