BS EN ISO 21009-2:2015

BSI Standards Publication

Cryogenic vessels — Static

vacuum insulated vessels
Part 2: Operational requirements (ISO
21009-2:2015)
BS EN ISO 21009-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO
21009-2:2015. It supersedes BS EN 13458-3:2003 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee PVE/18, Cryogenic vessels.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
© The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards
Limited 2015
ISBN 978 0 580 78168 1
ICS 23.020.40
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015.
Amendments issued since publication
Date Text affected
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 21009-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM December 2015

ICS 23.020.40 Supersedes EN 13458-3:2003

English Version

Cryogenic vessels - Static vacuum insulated vessels - Part

2: Operational requirements (ISO 21009-2:2015)
Récipients cryogéniques - Récipients fixes isolés sous Kryo-Behälter - Ortsfeste vakuumisolierte Behälter -
vide - Partie 2: Exigences de fonctionnement (ISO Teil 2: Betriebsanforderungen (ISO 21009-2:2015)
21009-2:2015)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 October 2015.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 21009-2:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
BS EN ISO 21009-2:2015
EN ISO 21009-2:2015 (E)

European foreword

This document (EN ISO 21009-2:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 220 “Cryogenic vessels” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 268 “Cryogenic
vessels and specific hydrogen technologies applications” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2016.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.

This document supersedes EN 13458-3:2003.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive.

For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 21009-2:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 21009-2:2015 without any
modification.

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EN ISO 21009-2:2015 (E)

Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach
Directive 2014/68/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the
harmonization of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
pressure equipment.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the clauses of
this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of
conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA
regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this International Standard and Directive 2014/68/EU

Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this Essential Requirements (ERs) Qualifying remarks/Notes

standard of Directive 2014/68/EU
Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and Annex I §3.4 Operating instructions
12
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this standard.

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Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Personnel training............................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5 General safety requirements.................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
5.2 Safety considerations......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
6 Installation.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
6.1 General requirements........................................................................................................................................................................ 3
6.2 Outdoor installation............................................................................................................................................................................ 4
6.3 Indoor installation................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
6.4 Safety distances....................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
7 Inspection..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
7.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
7.2 Inspection before putting into service................................................................................................................................ 6
7.3 Marking and labelling........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
7.4 Handover documents......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
7.5 Equipment.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
7.6 Periodic inspection............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
7.6.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
7.6.2 Inspections............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
7.7 Inspection of pressure-relief devices................................................................................................................................... 7
7.7.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
7.7.2 Certificates and marking............................................................................................................................................ 8
7.7.3 Visual inspection............................................................................................................................................................... 8
7.7.4 Performance test............................................................................................................................................................... 8
7.7.5 Changing bursting discs (inner vessel)......................................................................................................... 9
8 Putting into service............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
9 Filling................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
10 Taking out of service......................................................................................................................................................................................10
11 Maintenance and repair..............................................................................................................................................................................10
12 Additional requirements for flammable gases...................................................................................................................11
12.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
12.2 Electrical equipment........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
12.3 Grounding (earthing) system................................................................................................................................................... 11
12.4 Installation................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
12.5 Filling............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
12.6 Maintenance, repair and taking out of service.......................................................................................................... 13
13 Emergency equipment/procedures...............................................................................................................................................13
Annex A (informative) Safety distances..........................................................................................................................................................14
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 220, Cryogenic vessels.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO  21009-2:2006), which has been
technically revised.
ISO 21009 consists of the following parts, under the general title Cryogenic vessels  — Static vacuum
insulated vessels:
— Part 1: Design, fabrication, inspection and tests
— Part 2: Operational requirements

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 BS EN ISO 21009-2:2015
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21009-2:2015(E)

Cryogenic vessels — Static vacuum insulated vessels —

Part 2:
Operational requirements

1 Scope
This part of ISO 21009 specifies operational requirements for static vacuum insulated vessels designed
for a maximum allowable pressure of more than 50 kPa (0,5 bar). It may also be used as a guideline for
vessels designed for a maximum allowable pressure of less than 50 kPa (0,5 bar).
This part of ISO 21009 applies to vessels designed for cryogenic fluids specified in ISO 21009-1.
Static cryogenic vessels are often partly equipped by the manufacturer, but may be installed or re-
installed by another party, such as the operator, user or owner.
NOTE 1 For the installation of these vessels, additional requirements can apply; these are defined in
specific regulations.

NOTE 2 Some requirements of this standard can be covered by local regulations, e.g. safety distances,
occupational safety and health. Where there is a conflict between the requirements of this International Standard
and any applicable local regulation, the local regulation always takes precedence.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document
and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 23208, Cryogenic vessels — Cleanliness for cryogenic service
ISO 21009-1, Cryogenic vessels  — Static vacuum-insulated vessels  — Part  1: Design, fabrication,
inspection and tests

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
putting into service
operation by which a vessel (3.8) is prepared to be used
Note  1  to  entry:  It applies to either a new vessel being used for the first time or an existing vessel being
returned to service.

3.2
filling
operation by which a vessel (3.8) undergoes a prefill check, filling with a cryogenic fluid and an
after-fill check
3.3
withdrawal
operation by which the product is taken from a vessel (3.8) connected to the supply system

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3.4
outdoor location
location outside of any building or structure and not enclosed by more than two walls
3.5
underground location
area or room whose ground or floor is on all sides significantly lower than the adjacent ground surfaces
Note  1  to  entry:  Installations are to be considered on an individual basis after a suitable and sufficient risk
assessment has been carried out.

3.6
safety distance
minimum distance separating a piece of equipment from its inherent hazard that will mitigate the effect
of a likely foreseeable incident and prevent a minor incident escalating into a larger incident
Note 1 to entry: The safety distance will also be determined to provide protection from foreseeable external impact
(e.g. roadway, flare) or activities outside the control of the operation (e.g. plant or customer station boundary).

3.7
gas release
escape of gas due to operating conditions, or to malfunctions that cannot be reasonably excluded
Note  1  to entry:  Gas release for operating reasons can be produced, for example, on vent lines and pressure-
release lines.

Note 2 to entry: Gas escape due to malfunctions which cannot be excluded can occur, for example, in the case of
overfilling, failure of fittings, loose connections, faulty operation, and leakages.

3.8
vessel
thermally insulated vessel intended for use with one or more cryogenic fluids in a stationary condition
[SOURCE: ISO 21009‑1, 3.19, modified: Term changed to short form “vessel” for this document]
3.9
authorized person
person authorized by the applicable regulations

4 Personnel training
Only persons trained for the specific task shall be allowed to install, put into service, fill, handle, operate
or maintain the vessel and its equipment.
The training programme shall include
— normal operating procedures;
— product and hazard identification;
— safe operating limits;
— emergency procedures;
— physical and chemical properties of the vessel’s contents and their effects on the human body;
— personnel protective equipment (e.g. safety boots, goggles, gloves).
Training shall be repeated as necessary to ensure that personnel remain competent. A training record
shall be maintained which details the information personnel have received.

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5 General safety requirements

5.1 General
Identification labels and plates shall not be removed or defaced.
Appropriate warning signs regarding product and operational hazards and personnel protective
equipment requirements shall be displayed.
Parts under pressure shall be disconnected only if they have been previously depressurized.
All surfaces which may come in contact with the product shall be kept free from oil and grease. For
cleanliness requirements, see ISO 23208.
Leaking valves or connections should be depressurized before rectification. When this is not possible,
leaking valves under pressure shall be tightened using suitable tools and procedures. Direct flame or
intense heat shall never be used to raise the pressure or de-ice frozen components.
Valve outlets shall be kept clean, dry and free from contaminants.
Vessels and their accessories shall not be modified without proper authorization.

5.2 Safety considerations

In all operations and training, the following safety considerations shall be taken into account:
— Small amounts of cryogenic fluids will produce large volumes of vaporized gas. Spillage of oxygen can
result in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere; spillage of other cryogenic fluids can result in an oxygen-
deficient atmosphere. Provision is to be made for appropriate measures for this, e.g. ventilation.
— Due to the possibility of cold embrittlement, cryogenic fluids shall not come in contact with materials
(metals or plastics) which are not suitable for low temperatures.
— Because of their extremely low temperatures, cryogenic fluids will produce cold burns when
coming in contact with the skin. Cold burns can also be produced from contact with uninsulated
equipment and pipe.
— Oxygen enrichment due to liquefaction of ambient air can occur on the cold surfaces of uninsulated
equipment which contain fluids with a boiling point lower than that of oxygen.

6 Installation

6.1 General requirements

Vessels shall be installed and operated in such a way, that employees or third parties are not endangered.
Necessary minimum safety distances shall be observed; see also Annex A.
Vessels shall be installed so that the name plate is easily readable.
The installation should allow inspection of vessels on all sides. All vessel controls shall be capable of
being operated safely.
Vessels shall be installed in such a way that their filling operation can be carried out safely and easily.
Vessels shall be erected in such a way that no inadmissible misalignment or inclination can occur due to
— the actual foundations;
— the inherent mass of the vessel including its contents;
— external forces, e.g. seismic loads, wind loads.

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Gas from pressure-relief devices or vents shall be discharged to a safe place.

Appropriate warning signs regarding product hazards shall be displayed, e.g. in rooms, areas, or on
vessels. The operating instructions shall also refer to the properties of the gas.
Vessels shall be installed in locations where there is sufficient ventilation such that the formation of
dangerous explosive gas-air mixtures or an oxygen-deficient/-enriched atmosphere is avoided.
Vessels shall be installed in such a way that adequate space is provided for maintenance and cleaning,
as well as for emergency cases.
The space for maintenance and cleaning should be at least 0,5 m around the installation.
Vessels shall not be installed in corridors, passages or thoroughfares, generally accessible lobbies, stair-
wells or near steps. Vessels should not be installed close to the aforementioned areas if traffic routes,
escape routes or accessibility are limited.
Access by unauthorized persons should be prevented.
The area/foundation under vessels, as well as below detachable connections and fittings to the liquid
phase of the vessel of oxidizing gases, shall be of non-combustible materials and free of oil, grease and
other flammable contaminants.
Consideration shall also be given to the need for similar precautions for liquid-hydrogen or liquid-
helium installations where significant air liquefaction may occur around uninsulated equipment.
NOTE To prevent a risk of brittle fracture, consideration should be given to the design temperature
of the installation downstream of the installed or fitted vaporizing system and low temperature cut-off
systems, if necessary.

6.2 Outdoor installation

Vessels should be installed outdoors.
The drainage of surface water from the place of installation shall be ensured.
On sloping sites, an installation (e.g. a wall) may be necessary to prevent gas from penetrating over the
place of installation down into lower rooms, ducts, shafts or air intakes.
Vessels and their components shall be protected against mechanical damage, e.g. by vehicle buffer bars,
enclosures, safety distances. The protection of vessel supports against leaking cryogenic fluid should
be considered.

6.3 Indoor installation

If reasonable attempts to install the vessel outdoors fail, an indoor installation is permitted. Indoor
installation shall comply with the following safety precautions.
The entrance of rooms in which vessels are installed shall be labelled. Reference shall be made to the
relevant hazards of the gas.
Rooms shall:
— have self-closing doors, where these do not lead directly outside;
— consist of materials which are fire resistant or non-combustible, with the exception of windows and
other closures of apertures in external walls;
— be separated from other rooms and have a fire resistance up to 30 min;
— be separated from rooms normally occupied by the public in a gas-tight manner and without
any apertures;

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— have adequate ventilation — gas release from the trycock valve shall be taken into account when
assessing the ventilation requirements.
Precautions/procedures shall be implemented to ensure that personnel entering or within the rooms
are not exposed to hazardous atmospheres.
Rooms containing vessels shall not be used in any other way which may be a danger to the vessels due
to mechanical effects, fire or explosion.
All fill connections, hose drains, pressure gauges, liquid level gauges, and vents necessary to fill the
vessel safely shall be fixed piping to a safe outdoor location. All pressure-relief devices shall be fixed
piping to a safe outdoor location. All piping shall be compatible for the appropriate liquid and gaseous
service and designed with no restrictions that affect the safe operation of the vessel.
All pressure-relief devices shall be designed for indoor service.
In rooms, there shall be no
— air intake openings for the ventilation of other rooms;
— open ducts;
— duct inlets unprotected against the ingress of gas;
— open shafts;
— openings to lower rooms.

6.4 Safety distances

The minimum safety distances are not intended to provide protection against catastrophic events
or major releases, which should be addressed by other means to reduce their frequency and/or
consequences to an acceptable level.
Included in safety distances are:
— distance between the vessel and neighbouring installations, buildings or public roads, in order to
protect the vessel from any damage, such as heating as a result of fire or mechanical damage;
— distance between the vessel and an object outside the installation which has to be protected from
the effects of a gas release arising from normal operation.
These distances are measured from those points on a vessel from which, in the normal course of operation,
a release of product can occur, e.g. vent point, fill connection, flanges and other mechanical joints.
The safety distance is the distance, outside of which,
— in the case of flammable gases, danger through formation of an explosive atmosphere is eliminated,
i.e. the lower explosive limit (LEL) is not exceeded;
— in the case of inert and oxidizing gases, danger from oxygen deficiency or enrichment is eliminated.
The safety distances may be reduced if a suitable and sufficient risk assessment is completed and
documented by the owner/operator.
Recommended safety distances based on experience and calculation of minor release are given in Annex A.

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7 Inspection

7.1 General
The tests and inspections shall be carried out by an authorized person.

7.2 Inspection before putting into service

The inspection consists in
— checking of markings and labelling;
— checking the completeness of the handover documents;
— checking the equipment;
— checking the installation.

7.3 Marking and labelling

It shall be confirmed that marking and labelling meet the requirements specified in ISO 21009-1.

7.4 Handover documents

In addition to the manufacturer’s documentation, where necessary the vessel shall be accompanied by
vessel-specific documents and instructions for all items supplied, covering
— operations;
— auxiliary equipment;
— inspection records.
As appropriate, these documents shall be retained by the owner or user of the vessel.
The user shall have appropriate operating instructions available. Such instructions may be attached to
the vessel in a permanent manner.

7.5 Equipment
Perform the following equipment checks, when related to safe operation of the vessel.
— Check devices against overpressure for availability, appropriate choice and setting, appropriate
arrangement, safe venting location and, in so far as possible, for performance/correct operation.
— Check measuring devices for their availability and appropriate choice in respect of the suitability of
the measuring range and, in so far as possible, for performance/correct operation.
— Check shut-off devices for availability, appropriate choice and arrangement in respect of pressure
and temperature and, in so far as possible, for performance/correct operation.
— Check other fittings (e.g. fill couplings, gauges and controlling devices), in particular with regard to
the medium to be supplied and vented; and where these are automatically driven or controlled, also
their performance in the event of a power cut or loss of pneumatic supply. As a minimum, coupling
types for oxidizing and non-oxidizing products should be different.
The vessel’s connections shall be tested for leak-tightness before putting into service.

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7.6 Periodic inspection

7.6.1 General

No external or internal degradation mechanism is reasonably foreseeable on the inner vessel because
of the nature of cryogenic fluids, their temperatures, the metallic materials of construction used, and
the fact that the inner vessel is inside an evacuated outer jacket.
Therefore, no in-service inspection of the inner vessel or the inside surface of the outer jacket is required.
NOTE Corrosion allowance on surfaces in contact with the operating fluid or exposed to the vacuum
interspace between the inner vessel and the outer jacket as well as inspection openings is not provided in the
inner vessel or on the outer jacket.

7.6.2 Inspections

The periodic inspection shall consist of

— an external visual inspection of the vessel and equipment;
— functional check of valves;
— leak tests under operating conditions;
— assessment of any changes of the operational conditions of the installation and its surroundings;
— assessment of the vacuum between inner vessel and outer jacket.
Vacuum measurement should only be performed when the thermal performance is deficient as noted
by vessel operation.
The tests shall be carried out by an authorized person.
The inspection intervals shall be determined by the authorized person after considering local
regulations, the operating conditions and the recommendations of the manufacturer, but should
typically not exceed five years. The inspection shall be recorded.
NOTE For the re-inspection intervals, only the year of the date of the next inspection need be considered.

7.7 Inspection of pressure-relief devices

7.7.1 General

The examinations and the inspection intervals shall be determined by the authorized person according
to the local regulations and operating conditions, taking into consideration the recommendations of the
manufacturer. Recommended inspection intervals are given in Table 1.

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Table 1 — Examination/inspection intervals

10 years
Type of pressure-relief device Putting into service Yearly 5 years

—
Pilot operated 7.7.2 7.7.4 —

7.7.4
Reclosable 7.7.3 — 7.7.4

7.7.4
Thermal reclosable 7.7.2 — 7.7.3

7.7.5
Non-reclosable 7.7.2 — 7.7.3

Material properties, corrosion by the medium or from the outside, and possible plugging shall be
considered. An alternative to the performance test of the pressure-relief devices is to replace them. The
inspections shall be carried out by an authorized person.
Inspection intervals may exceed five years if system and equipment performance tests demonstrate
proper functionality.
Where redundancy is provided, the inspection intervals may be extended in agreement with an
authorized person.

7.7.2 Certificates and marking

The certificates and marking or manufacturer’s declaration/data shall be examined by an authorized

person for the following:
— conformity with drawings, specifications, type approval, as appropriate;
— identification, type approval/marking;
— suitability (fluids, size, temperature, pressure, setting).

7.7.3 Visual inspection

The visual inspection shall include a check of certificates and markings in accordance with 7.7.2.
Within the visual inspection, the following should be checked:
— general condition;
— installation/orientation;
— leak tightness;
— vent location;
— unobstructed discharge piping.

7.7.4 Performance test

The performance test shall include a visual inspection in accordance with 7.7.3. In addition, reclosable
pressure relief devices shall either be replaced or undergo a functional test (lift or set pressure test)
either in situ or off the vessel.

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The performance test may be made with the valve installed or on the test bench. The results of the tests
shall be recorded and kept at least until the next inspection.

7.7.5 Changing bursting discs (inner vessel)

Non-reclosable pressure-relief devices, where fitted, shall be replaced according to the instructions of
the pressure relief device manufacturer

8 Putting into service

This operation shall follow a written procedure and the results of the steps involved shall be recorded
(e.g. in a check list). Such lists shall be retained by the operating company.
The vessel and accessories shall be checked in accordance with 7.2 and 7.5.
The vessel shall be purged with an appropriate gas until the gas emerging from the vessel is sufficiently
dry and pure.
The vessel shall be cooled down according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Steps shall be
taken to avoid uncontrolled pressure rise due to rapid liquid evaporation.

9 Filling
Prior to filling the condition of the vessel shall be checked, especially the
— data plate/product identification label;
— correct coupling for the product; and
— condition of coupling and hose (not damaged, dirty, excessively iced).
An external visual inspection of the vessel and equipment shall be performed, to ensure that the vacuum
between inner vessel and outer jacket remains intact (checking of abnormal frosting on tank surface;
gas venting from a vacuum protection device; relief valves are continually venting). If the vessel has lost
vacuum, the owner of the vessel shall immediately investigate the cause of the vacuum loss. Where a
vacuum loss is believed to be associated with an internal pipe failure, for example vapour escaping from
the vacuum relief device(s), then the vessel shall be made safe by immediately reducing the pressure to
atmospheric and emptying all cryogenic liquid in a safe manner. The reduction of pressure is the most
significant action to reduce the level of hazard. For more information, in particular to differentiate
between loss of vacuum and vacuum decay, see Appendix E of EIGA IGC doc 115/12 or CGA SB-45.
The fill hose should be purged. Depending on the type of vessel, it may be filled by volume or by mass
to the level the vessel is designed for, taking into account product density. The necessary measuring
equipment shall be in good working order and within the calibration period where required.
If there is no residual pressure in the vessel prior to filling, it should be purged to remove possible
contaminants.
If the vessel is warm, it should be cooled down gradually according to manufacturer’s recommendations.
Carbon dioxide vessels shall be pressurized to at least 0,7 MPa (7 bar) with gaseous carbon dioxide
before filling with liquid.
The purity of the residual product in the vessel shall be analysed and recorded where required by
specification. Where the purity of the residual product is outside specification, the vessel should be
purged until it meets specification.
After filling the vessel, mass or level of contents and pressure shall be checked and, if necessary, the
vessel should be vented to reach the level required by specification.
If required by specification, the vessel contents shall be analysed and recorded.

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ISO 21009-2:2015(E)


It shall be checked that all filling valves are closed, that no cold spots have developed and that valves,
piping and fittings are free from leaks.

10 Taking out of service

This operation shall follow a written procedure and the results of the steps involved shall be recorded.
If the vessel is intended for further service, such records shall be retained by the owner company.
The procedure shall include the following:
— emptying of the vessel and depressurizing to a positive pressure not greater than 0,2 MPa (2 bar);
— checking of the process by monitoring pressure and mass, if necessary verifying that no line is
obstructed;
— giving due consideration to the properties of the product involved.
If the vessel is intended to be put into service again later, the following additional points shall be
considered:
— the purging of the vessel and all piping and accessories with inert gas;
— if the vessel is to be transported or stored, protective caps should be fitted on all open connections;
— when in store, a slight positive pressure of dry inert gas shall be maintained in the vessel and the
vessel shall be labelled accordingly.
If the vessel is to be scrapped, it shall be purged with inert gas and labelled accordingly.
EXAMPLE “Purged with Nitrogen — To be scrapped”

Product identification labels shall be removed and nameplates rendered unusable.

11 Maintenance and repair

Maintenance is required to ensure that equipment remains in a safe condition. The responsibility for
the maintenance and repair shall be established between the contracting parties (e.g. owner, user,
filler). Following maintenance, the vessel shall comply with the current approval documentation.
The issue of work permits shall be considered e.g. for hot work, modifications, works on electrical
equipment and confined space entry.
Before entering the inner vessel, all hazards related to confined spaces, e.g. oxygen enrichment/deficiency
or flammability by hazards, shall have been considered and documented.
Maintenance generally comprises
— checking the condition of the vessel, piping and accessories;
— checking the operability of valves;
— minor repairs, e.g. changing of seals;
— cleaning external surfaces.
Equipment shall not be taken out of service for repair until pressure has been released or adequately
isolated and depressurized.
Any leakage shall be rectified promptly and in a safe manner. Original spare parts should be used. If
this is not possible, spare parts with the same characteristics (e.g. with the same set pressure, same
sealing) shall be used.

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 BS EN ISO 21009-2:2015
ISO 21009-2:2015(E)


Modifications in design, materials and equipment or repairs shall be approved by an authorized person
and documentation updated accordingly (see also ISO 21009-1).
Hot work (welding, soldering, heat treatment and heating, etc.) shall be carried out to the same
procedures (fabrication, qualification of personnel, testing, certification, etc.) as during manufacture.
If at any time it is necessary to break the seal for adjustment of a pressure-relief valve, the valve shall be
removed from service until it has been reset and sealed. Any adjustment necessary shall be made by the
manufacturer or another company qualified by the manufacturer for the repair, adjustment and testing
of such valves.
The organization making such adjustment shall attach a permanent tag with the setting, capacity and
date to the pressure-relief valve.
Where repair or modification which may have affected the integrity of the vessel has been carried out,
the vessel shall be inspected and tested in accordance with ISO 21009-1.
The test shall be carried out by an authorized person.
Vessels shall be internally clean, dry and free from particulate matter and contaminants; vessels for
oxidizing fluids shall be free from oil and grease.
Vessels containing CO2 shall be depressurized using a written procedure. Liquid-CO2 vessels that have
lost pressure shall be repressurized using a written procedure. The material properties of the vessel
and applied stresses shall be considered.
NOTE For guidance, see IGC Doc. 164/10/e or CGA G-6.7.

12 Additional requirements for flammable gases

12.1 General
Vessels shall be installed and operated in such a way that employees or third parties are not endangered.
Necessary safety distances shall be observed (see also Annex A).
Precautions shall be taken when approaching a leak as the product may ignite and produce a flame.
Products such as hydrogen require specific care as the flame is invisible.
Care shall be taken in the choice of personnel clothing, to protect as much as possible against static
charges and flames. Electrically conductive footwear shall be worn.
When under pressure, leaking valves or connections shall only be tightened using suitable tools (e.g.
non-sparking tools) and procedures.

12.2 Electrical equipment

All equipment used and installed within the boundary of the installation shall be in accordance with
the requirements of the hazardous area classification.
All electrical component installation and grounding shall be inspected by an authorized person to
ensure local regulations are satisfied.
In the classified areas, personnel shall not be permitted to carry sources of flames or non-approved
electrical equipment. Consideration shall be given also to all electrical equipment, e.g. mobile phones,
radio-transmitters.

12.3 Grounding (earthing) system

All parts of the installation shall be bonded to ensure electrical continuity.

© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved  11

BS EN ISO 21009-2:2015
ISO 21009-2:2015(E)


Major items of equipment such as the tank and vent stack shall be bonded directly to the earth point
and not rely upon the piping as a means to earth.
Installations shall be earthed in accordance with national regulations. Consideration shall be given to
the need for lightning protection.
For transferring processes between several installations or between static vessels and transportable
vessels, equalizing of the electrical potentials is necessary.
The electrical equalization shall be made in a non-flammable environment.

12.4 Installation
Vessels for flammable gases shall not be installed indoors unless permitted by national regulations.
Vessels for flammable gases shall have adequate distance between each other and any other vessels to
allow access for fire-fighting.
In the case of cylindrical vessels, an adequate distance is half the diameter of the vessel, but at least 1 m.
The ground in the area of connections and fittings shall be such that escaping fluid cannot penetrate it,
or collect in dangerous quantities.
Special layout of the ground is not required if the connections including the fittings on the liquid phase —
with the exception of the process measuring and control lines — have no detachable connections.
All vent pipes, including pressure-relief devices and purging valves, shall be connected to a vent
line (stack).
The vent line shall ensure a safe venting. It may not issue at a point where a build-up of gas might be
possible, for example under the eaves of buildings.
The collection of water, including condensate, in the vent line (stack) shall be prevented.
In explosion zones, there shall only be constructions and installations which serve for the operation
of the vessels.
Works and service roads and tracks are included in such installations.
Only vehicles which serve the operation of the vessels shall travel on such traffic routes.
Vehicles with combustion engines or non-explosion-proof electrical equipment shall not travel in
explosion zones, unless a dangerous explosive atmosphere can reasonably be excluded.
The design of the vessel support structure shall take into consideration the possibility of fire
impingement. Appropriate precautions shall be taken, e.g. installation design, thermal insulation, fire-
fighting methods.
In the storage areas for flammable gases, there shall be systems for warning in case of fire or risk
of explosion.
In the area of storage tanks for flammable gases with a capacity of more than 50 t, an easily visible
wind direction indicator should be installed, e.g. a wind sock. If due to the nature of the installation
a local wind direction indicator is not practical, the wind direction may be indicated centrally at the
appropriate point for the emergency service, e.g. the works fire brigade.
In installations where the storage capacity exceeds 50 t, which are not occupied by personnel during
operation or are not regularly checked, automatic systems shall be in use for detecting and signalling
fires or the risk of explosion, e.g. gas warning systems connected to a permanently manned position,
e.g. control room.

12  © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 21009-2:2015
ISO 21009-2:2015(E)


In these areas, there shall be an emergency shut-down system, with easily accessible signalling to a
permanently manned position. With the emergency shut-down systems, it shall be possible to block off
the connecting pipes between vessels and other parts of the installation, so that no additional dangers
arise. On vessels with a capacity of more than 5 t, a remote-controlled shut off valve shall be fitted before
or after the first manual shut off valve connected to the liquid phase of the filling and supply pipes.
A non-return valve may be built in the filling line instead of the remote-controlled shut off valve.

12.5 Filling
Before starting the transfer, the earthing conductor shall be connected, the integrity of the grounding
system shall be checked against obvious damage, and the filling hose(s) shall be purged free of air
and impurities.

12.6 Maintenance, repair and taking out of service

Where maintenance and repair work requires the system to be inerted, as well as when taking out of
service, a purging with inert gas shall be carried out until the concentration of flammable gas is below
50 % of the lower explosive limit.

13 Emergency equipment/procedures
Emergency procedures shall be prepared to cover fire or any other hazardous events, e.g. spills, which
can occur. Emergency procedures should be prepared in conjunction with the emergency services and
local conditions should be considered.
The procedure should consider
— the properties of the cryogenic fluids;
— the quantities involved;
— the local topography;
— the design and equipment of the vessel.
The procedure should include
— listing of emergency equipment required;
— nomination of back-up personnel/organizations for managing emergencies, and procedures for
contacting them both during and outside working hours;
— immediate self-help actions required (shut down, sounding alarms, evacuation from the area,
summoning help, etc.).
The procedures should be readily available to all personnel involved, regularly practised, and checked
periodically to ensure that they are up to date.
For oxidizing and flammable fluids, a fire-fighting system shall be provided. The type and quantity
of the fire-fighting equipment, depending on the size of the installation, should be discussed with the
fire authorities.
As a minimum, it shall consist of one suitable fire extinguisher for the surroundings. If water is used to
keep equipment cool in the event of fire, it should not be sprayed near relief-device vents because of the
potential danger of plugging vents with ice.
NOTE For emergency procedure, see ERI-Cards, (Emergency Response Intervention Cards), TREMcards
(TRansport EMergency cards) and MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet).

© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved  13

BS EN ISO 21009-2:2015
ISO 21009-2:2015(E)


Annex A
(informative)

Safety distances

Safety distances are subject to each country’s national regulations. Table A.1 shows recommended
safety distances based on experience and calculation of minor release.

Table A.1 — Safety distances

Type of exposure Safety distances (m)

Inert fluids Oxidizing fluids Flammable fluids

Vessel capacity Vessel capacity Liquid H2 Others

Vessel capacity

 ≤ 175 m3  ≤ 50 t  ≤ 200 t  ≤ 5 t  ≤ 50 t

Site boundary, vehicle parking 3 5 8 8 5

areas, public road/railway line

Areas where open flames, smok- 3 5 8 8 5

ing or sources of ignition are
permitted
Stocks of solid combustible 3 5 8 8 5
materials, e.g. timber, including
wooden buildings and struc-
tures
Pits, ducts, surface water drains, 3 5 8 8 5
openings of systems below
ground level
Offices, canteens and areas 3 5 8 15 5
where employees/visitors are
likely to congregate
Compressor/ventilator air 3 5 8 15 5
intakes, fuel gas vents

Bulk flammable fluids 3 5 8 8 5

Overhead electric power cables — — — 10 10

For larger volumes/masses of products in the vessel, safety distances are determined by a specific
hazard study.

14  © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 21009-2:2015
ISO 21009-2:2015(E)


Bibliography

[1] CGA G-6.7, Safe Handling of Liquid Carbon Dioxide Containers That Have Lost Pressure. Compressed
Gas Association, 2009 (Available from the Compressed Gas Association, 14501 George Carter
Way, Suite 103, Chantilly VA 20151-1788, USA)
[2] CGA  SB-45, Proper Handling of Insulated Tanks that are in Obvious Signs of Loss of Vacuum.
Compressed Gas Association, 2011 (Available from the Compressed Gas Association, 14501
George Carter Way, Suite 103, Chantilly VA 20151-1788, USA)
[3] IGC doc. 115/12/E, Storage of cryogenic air gases at users’ premises. European Industrial Gases
Association, 2012 (Available from the European Industrial Gases Association, www.eiga.eu)
[4] IGC doc. 164/10/E, Safe handling of liquid carbon dioxide containers that have lost pressure.
European Industrial Gases Association, 2010 (Available from the European Industrial Gases
Association, www.eiga.eu)

© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved  15

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