LAND USE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT Levels of Planning

SHORT TERM PLANNING

INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF PLANNING ➢ It is something you want to plan in the near
future. The near future can mean today, this
week, this month, or even this year.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
➢ It is something you want to accomplish soon.
✓Discuss the concept of Planning
➢ 1-3 years only
✓Know the level and elements of planning
MEDIUM TERM PLANNING
✓Identify the nature and scope of Planning
➢ It applies more permanent solution to short
✓Discuss the role of Geodetic Engineer in term plans.

planning process ➢ It implements policies and procedures to

ensure that short-term problems don't recur.

➢ 5-7 years
OUTLINE:
LONG TERM PLANNING
• What is Planning?
➢ It displays how your business can be
• Levels of Planning
successful over a continued period. The goals
• Nature of Planning set in long-term planning are less likely to be
changeable due to the consensus a
• Planning Principles
management team needs when creating them
• Elements of Plan initially.

• Planning Process ➢ 10 years and above

• Types of Planning Nature of Planning

• Importance of Planning PLANNING IS GOAL ORIENTED

• Barriers and Limitation of ➢ Plans are arises from objectives. Objectives

provides guideline to planning.
Planning
IT IS A PRIMARY FUNCTION
• Who is a Planner?

• Role of GE in planning ➢ Planning provides the basis foundation from

which all future management functions arise.

IT IS PERSUASIVE
WHAT IS PLANNING?
➢ It is required at all levels of management.
➢ It refers to the methods, mechanisms and Managers have to plan for every change that
tools for accomplishing the activity, especially in occurs in an organization. However, the scope
a group or social context. of planning differs at all levels and among
different department.
➢ It is a sequence of deliberate purposeful
actions designed to solve problems IT INCLUDE EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT
systematically, by foreseeing and guiding DIMENSION
change through rational decisions, reconciling
public and private aims, and arbitrating ➢ Plans aims to optimum utilization of
between competing social, economic, political resources to be efficient and are based on
and physical forces. predetermined objectives to measure
effectiveness of the plan.
IT IS MENTAL ACTIVITY ➢ As Tim Redmond says: “There are many
things that will catch my eye but there are only
➢ Planning is a mental process involving –
a few things that will catch my heart. It is those I
imagination foresightedness, and sound
consider to pursue.”
judgement. Plans are based on careful analysis
of internal and external factors influencing PRINCIPLE OF CREATIVITY
business activities. It is carried out in logical and
systematic manner. ➢ Of all the planning principle creativity is the
one we violate the most. We settle for what’s
IT IS CONTINUOUS PROCESS easy to wrap our minds around and neglect to
wrestle with harder, more difficult dilemmas.
➢ It is an ongoing process of adapting the
organization with the changes in business ➢ Even the rare leaders who think creatively
environment. Since the business exist in often neglect to encourage the people around
dynamic environment, it is necessary to them to the same. As result, they end up
continuously plan based on changing business starved with good ideas.
needs and situations.
PRINCIPLE OF INFLUENCE
IT INVOLVES CHOICE
➢ To accomplish your plan, you’ll need
➢ It is essentially a choice among various influence over people finances, and your
alternative course of action. A manager has schedule. The support of people, especially
select the best alternative after careful analysis other influencers, can make or break your plan.
and evaluation. Make priority to build relationships with them.
In particular, find the key to their lives by
IT IS FORWARD LOOKING
learning what matters most to them.
➢ Planning means looking ahead and preparing
PRINCIPLE OF PRIORITIES
for the future. It involves analysis of the future
needs and requirements of the business and ➢ Giving importance to the things you have to
preparing for it. do or deal with or must be done or dealt with
before everything else you have to do. You have
IT IS FLEXIBLE
no right nor any reason, to start planning your
➢ Planning is based on future forecast of life until you know what you’re living for and
events and situations. Since future is uncertain, what you’re willing to die for. It’s important to
plans are flexible enough to adopt with the find your purpose so that you run, not on the
future change of events. fast track, but on your track. The key to a
prioritized life is concentration followed by
IT IS AN INTEGRATED PROCESS
elimination.
➢ Plans are structured in a systematic and PRINCIPLE OF FLEXIBILITY
logical sequence where each plan or step is
highly inter-dependent and mutually ➢ Be mentally prepared that not everything
supportive. will go according to our plans. When plans go
away don’t just stand there. By staying in
motion, you create movement. Be resourceful
Planning Principles enough to improvise when circumstances push
you off course.
PRINCIPLE OF PASSION
PRINCIPLE OF TIMING
➢ When we’re passionless, we procrastinate on
the plan or burnout trying to execute it. With ➢ Most of the time, our decisions are based on
passion, we approach our plans with excitement our emotional environment rather than the
and a sense of urgency. Passion gives planning reality. Never make a major decision with
energy and planning focus. Passion narrows our limited perspective. Wait until you can see
vision so that the plan dominates our attention clearer and farther. By reserving big decision
and distractions fade into background.
and choices you will avoid making rash decision ➢ Premises are assumptions about the
that you will regret later. environment in which plans are made and
implemented. Thus, assumptions about market
PRINCIPLE OF TEAMWORK
demand, cost of raw material, technology to be
➢ A worthwhile plan ought to be bigger than used and etc. are to be made while formulating
your abilities. You shouldn't be able to plan.
accomplish it alone. Each of us has areas of
3. EVALUATING AND SELECTION ALTERNATIVES
weakness blind spots and short comings. What
we can do alone pales comparison to the ➢ Different alternatives are evaluated against
potential we have when we work together. factors like costs, risks and benefits involved in
following a specific course of action and the
➢ Coach Parcell’s stated that: “Individual play
best alternative are chosen.
the game but teams win championships.”
4. FORMLATING DERIVATIVE PLANS
Elements of Plan
➢ Derivative plans are secondary plans to
▪ OBJECTIVES – are goals established to guide
support the basic plans. Derivate plans indicate
the activities of enterprise.
the time schedule and a sequence of
▪ POLICIES – it is a basic statement that guides performing various tasks.
the action and decision making.
5. SECURING COOPERATION AND
▪ PROCEDURE AND METHODS – it is a well PARTICIPATION
thought out course of action. It prescribes the
specific way to do particular job. ➢ Participation of employees in formulation of
plans motivates them to carry out the plan with
▪ RULES – it is specified necessary course of best of their abilities.
action in respect of a situation. It prescribes
restriction and a definite rigid course of action. 6. PROVIDING FOR FOLLOW UP

▪ STRATEGY – it is a plan of action designed to ➢ Plans are constantly reviewed to ensure their
achieve long term or overall aim. relevance and effectiveness with the changing
dynamics in the business environment. It helps
▪ PROGRAMS – are precise plans of action develop sound plans for the future and avoiding
followed in proper sequence in accordance with mistakes that surface after or while
objectives, policies and procedure. implementing a plans.
▪ BUDGETS – it is an estimate of men money,
material and machine required for successful
implementation of plans. Types of Planning

▪ PROJECTS – it is a particular job that needs to OPERATIONAL PLANNING

be done in connection with the general
➢ It can be ongoing or single-use. The latter is
programme.
usually created for a specific event that will only
occur once, such as a unique marketing
campaign. Ongoing plans can include rules and
Planning Process regulations, procedures, and the day to day
1. ESTABLISHMENT OF OBJECTIVE running of the company.

➢ It involves the identification of goals and STRATEGIC PLANNING

objectives of the organization by carefully ➢ It is the foundation of an organization.
examining the internal and external Essentially, strategic plans dictate the important
environment affecting the business. decisions made within a business.
2. DEVELOPING PREMISES
➢ It can have scopes that range from three
years to ten years.
➢ These plans include the organization’s ▪ Flexibility of planning cannot be maintained
mission, values, and vision. when there are unforeseen changes in the
environment
TACTICAL PLANNING
▪ Difficulty of formulating accurate premises
➢ It is supportive of the strategic plan. It
involves the tactics that will be used to execute ▪ Planning may sometimes face people’s
the strategic plan. resistance to it.

➢ There are specific questions that need to be

answered about what it will take to accomplish Who is a Planner
the goals set in the strategic plan; the most
important question being how the company will ➢ They are the one who research, design, and
accomplish the mission. develop programs; lead public processes; effect
social change; perform technical analyses;
➢ This type of planning is very focused and manage; and educate people.
short-term.
➢ They develop a plan through analysis of data
CONTINGENCY PLANNING and identification of goals for the community or
the project and help the community and its
➢ It is created for when the unexpected occurs
various groups identify their goals and form a
or a major change needs to be made in order to
particular vision.
continue towards the goal.
➢ They are also responsible for the
implementation or enforcement of many of the
Importance of Planning strategies, often coordinating the work of many
groups of people.
1. It provides direction

2. It focuses on organizational objectives and

goals Role of a Geodetic Engineer in Planning
3. It helps optimum utilization of resources − Cadastre and boundary surveys, mapping and
computations include mutation plan
4. It reduces risks of uncertainty
preparation
5. It facilitates decision making
− Precise geodetic computations
6. It encourages innovation and creativity
− Proposed plot plans
7. It facilitates control
− Building location and foundation location
8. Improves standard of living of people surveys

− Field and topographic surveys

Barriers and Limitation of Planning − Global Positioning System surveys

▪ Planning is an expensive and time consuming − Geodetic control surveys include design and
process analysis of control networks

▪ Planning sometimes restricts the organization − Precise surveying techniques for solving
to the most rational and risk free opportunities engineering problems

▪ The scope of planning is said to be limited in − Structure deformation monitoring

the case of the organization
− Hydrographic surveys

− Geographic and Land Information System

creation and maintenance
− Land development plans

− Construction and transportation staking

− Monitoring of structural settling of buildings

and other structures

− Photogrammetry surveys