Course Outline

Civil Law Review I

Atty. Crisostomo A. Uribe

PERSONS AND FAMILY RELATIONS

I. INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW
I Tolentino, Civil Code, pp. 1-10 (1990 Edition)
Balane, The Spanish Antecedents of the Philippine Civil Code, 54 PLJ 1st Quarter, p. 1

II. EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS [ NCC 1-18 ] AND

HUMAN RELATIONS [ NCC 19-36]

A. When do laws take effect?

NCC 2; RAC Secs. 18-24; Exec. Order 200 Sec. 1 & 2

Pesigan v, Angeles, 129 SCRA 174, April 30, 1984

People v. Veridiano, 132 SCRA 523, October 12, 1984
Tañada v. Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 , April 24, 1985
Commissioner of Customs v. Hypermix Feeds, G.R. No. 179579, February 1, 2012 Nagkakaisang
Maralita v. Military Shrine Services, G. R. No. 187587, June 05, 2013

B. Ignorance of the law - NCC 3

Kasilag v. Rodriques, 69 Phil 217 ,

C. Retroactivity - NCC 4, NCC 2252- 2269; Revised Penal Code (RPC) 22

Uson v. Del Rosario, 92 Phil. 530

Acosta v. Plan, 169 SCRA 591 , January 30, 1989
Spouses Dacudao v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 188056, January 8, 2013

D. Acts executed against mandatory or prohibitory laws - NCC 5

BPI v. IAC 164 SCRA 630 , August 19, 1988

E. Waiver of rights - NCC 6, NCC 301.

De Borja v. De Borja, 46 SCRA 577

Asian Cathay Finance v. Sps. Gravador , G.R. No. 186550 July 5, 2010

F. Repeal of laws - NCC 7, 8, 10, 1987 Constitution, Art. XVIII Sec. 3

Guingona v. Carague,. 196 SCRA 221 , April 22, 1991

G. Duty to render judgment - NCC 9, RPC. 5

H. Applicability of custom - NCC 11-12 , 1987 Constitution, Art, XII Sec. 5

Rules of Court Rule 129 (2) (3)

Martinez v. Van Buskirk, 18 Phil. 79 , December 27, 1910

I. Legal periods - NCC 13: Periods, Rules of court (ROC) Rule 28; RAC Sec. 31

Armigos v. Ca 179, SCRA 1 , November 6, 1989

Namarco v. Teczon, 29 SCRA 70 , August 27, 1969
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 J. Binding effect - NCC 14-18

Barreto-Gonzales v. Gonzales, 58 Phil. 67 , March 7, 1933

Tenchavez v. Escaño, 15 SCRA 355 , November, 29, 1965
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139 October 8, 1985
Pilapil v. Ibay-Somera, 174 SCRA 653 June 30, 1989

K. Human Relations - NCC 19-35

People v. Ritter, 194 SCRA 690 March 5, 1991

Ardiente v. Spouses Pastorfide, G.R. No. 161921, July 17, 2013

L. Prejudicial Question- NCC 36

Donato v. Luna, 160 SCRA 441, April 15, 1988

Landicho v. Relova, 22 SCRA 731

III. CIVIL PERSONALITY

A. Persons and Personality - NCC 37- 39

Concepts of person and personality
Classes of persons and there distinctions; Elements of civil capacity
Juridical capacity v. personality ; Juridical capacity v. capacity to act

B. Commencement and termination of personality

1. Natural Persons: NCC 40- 43, 1987 Constitution Art. II Sec. 12

P.D. 603 Art. 5; FC 164, RPC Arts. 256-259
cf. ROC Rule 131 Sec. 3(jj)(kk) 1989 Revised Rules on Evidence

Roe v. Wade (US) January 22, 1973

Geluz v. CA, . 2 SCRA 801 July 20, 1961
Quimiging v. Icao, 34 SCRA 13 , July 31, 1970
De Jesus v. Syquia, 58 Phil. 863 November 28, 1933

Limjoco v. Intestate Estate of Pio Fragante, 80 Phil. 776 April 27, 1948
Dumlao v. Quality Plastics, 70 SCRA 472 April 30, 1976
Eugenio, Sr. v. Velez, 185 SCRA 425 May 17, 1990

Joaquin v. Navarro, 93 Phil. 257 May 29, 1953

2. Juridical Persons, NCC 44- 47

Public corporations; Private corporations; Partnerships

Smith Bell v. Natividad, 40 Phil. 136 September 17, 1919

Barlin v. Ramirez, 7 Phil. 41 November 24, 1906

IV. RESTRICTIONS ON CAPACITY TO ACT

A. General rule : presumption of capacity

Standard Oil Co. v. Arenas, 19 Phil. 363 July 25, 1911

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 B. Restrictions on capacity to act - NCC 38-39

1. Minority
Age of majority R.A. 6809; Suffrage, Sec. 1 Art. V 1987 Constitution
Marriage FC 5; cf R. A. 6809; NCC 1327 ; NCC 1390 (1) 1403 (3) ; 1397, 1399;
NCC 1489 ; NCC 1426-1427

Mercado v. Espiritu, 37 Phil. 215 December 1, 1917

Bambalan v. Maramba, 51 Phil. 417 January 30, 1928
Sia Suan & Gaw Chiao v. Alcantara, 85 Phil. 669 March 4, 1950
De Braganza v. De Villa- Abrille, 105 Phil 456 April 13, 1959

Criminal Liability, RPC 12 (2) – (3); RPC 13 (2); PD 603 Secs. 189-204

2. Insanity
Effect on marriage, FC 45 (2); Effect on contracts, NCC 1327, 1328
Criminal liability, RPC 12 (1); Rule 101, Rules of court

US v. Vaquilar, 27 Phil. 88 March 13, 1914

People v. Rafanan, 204 SCRA 65 November 21, 1991

3. Deaf – Mutism: NCC 1327 (2), 807 & 820; Prodigality: ROC Rule 92 Sec. 2 Civil
Interdiction: RPC 34, 41; Family Relations: FC 150; cf. FC 87;
Alienage; Absence; NCC 381- 396; Insolvency Trusteeship; NCC 1491 & 1381

V. DOMICILE AND RESIDENCE

Juridical person, NCC 51; Natural persons, NCC 50; FC 68 & 69

Abella v. COMELEC, 201 SCRA 253 September 3, 1991

VI. THE FAMILY CODE

A. Effect and Retroactivity

E. O. 209 as amended by E.O. 227, RA 6809 and RA 7160

B. Repeal and Amendment

FC 253

VII. MARRIAGE

A. Concept and nature: 1 Tolentino 217-221

1. Definition; FC 1; NCC 52; Article XV Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution

Art. II, Sec. 12, 14; Art. XV

James Obergefell, et.al. v. Richard Hodges, Director, Ohio Department of Health,

et.al., 576 U.S. _____ [June 26, 2015]

2. Nature: FC 1; Muslim Code (MC); (PD. 1083) Sec. 14;

Rule 131 Sec. 3; NCC 220

Republic v. Albios, G.R. No. 198780, October 16, 2013

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 3. Breach of promise to marry: NCC 19- 21; NCC 2176; 1403(2)

Cabague v. Auxillo, 92 Phil. 294 November 26, 1952

Domalagan v. Bolifer, 33 Phil. 471 February 8, 1916
Hermosisima v CA 109 Phil 629
Wassmer v. Velez, 12 SCRA 648 December 26, 1964
Estremos v. Ephan, (CA) 83 OG 4022 No. 35
Tanjanco v. CA, 18 SCRA 994 December 17, 1966

4. Not subject to stipulation – NCC 221

Panganiban v. Borromeo, 58 Phil. 367 September 9, 1933

In re Santiago, 70 Phil. 66 June 21, 1940
Selanova v. Mendoza, 64 SCRA 69 May 19, 1975
Lichauco-De Leon v. CA, 186 SCRA 345, June 6, 1990

B. Law Governing Validity

1 Tolentino 260- 263

1. General Rule on contracts

a. As to form, NCC 17
b. As to substantive requirements, NCC 15 & 17

2. Special rule in marriage

a. Lex Loci celebrationis, FC 26
b. Exceptions, FC 26 in relation to FC 35 (1), (4)(5), 36-38
NCC 71

Republic v. Orbecido III, 472 SCRA 114, October 5, 2005

Garcia-Recio v. Recio, 366 SCRA 437, GR No. 138322, October 2, 2001
Republic v. Manalo, GR No. 221029, April 24, 2018
Juego-Sakai v. Republic, G.R. NO. 224015 | July 23, 2018
dela Cruz Morisono v. Morisono, G.R.No. 226013 | July 2, 2018
Racho v. Tanaka, G.R. NO. 199515 | June 25, 2018

C. Requisites
1 Tolentino 222-269

1. Kinds of requisites, FC 2, 3, 5; cf. NCC 53

2. Kinds of non-compliance
3. Effect of non-compliance
4. Essential requisites
a. Legal capacity
(1) Gender, FC 2 (1)
(2) Age, FC 5; FC 35 (1); R.A. 6809, NCC 54 & 80 (1)
(3) Parental consent, FC 14; FC 45, NCC 61 & 85 (1)
Pugeda v. Trias, 4 SCRA 849, March 31, 1962
Sison v. Te Jay Li (CA) 48 OG No. 9

b. Consent Freely Given

(1) mistake as to identity, FC 35 (5); NCC 86 (1)
(2) Unsound mind, FC 45 (2)
(3) Fraud FC, 45 (3, FC 46); NCC 1338- 1344
(4) Force, intimidation and undue influence, FC 45 (4); NCC 1335- 1337
(5) Physical incapacity, FC 45 (5)
(6) Affliction with STD. FC 45 (6)

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 5. Formal Requisites
a. Authority of the solemnizing officer
1. who are authorized; how authorized
FC 7, 10, 31 & 32; NCC 56, 74, 76
1991 Local Gov’t Code, Sec 444 (b) (1) (xviii); 455 (b) (1) (xviii)

2. effect of absence of authority; FC 4; FC 35 (2)

Vilar v. Paraiso, 96 Phil 659 March 14, 1955

Aranes v. Occiano, 380 SCRA 402, April 11, 2002

b. Marriage Ceremony

1. Form, FC 3 (3); FC 6

Martinez v. Tan, 12 Phil. 731 February 5, 1909

2. Place FC 8, FC 28-29 FC 32-33

3. Marriage certificate, FC 6, FC 22

Madridejo v. Deleon, 55 Phil. 1 October 6, 1930

Macua v. Avenido, G.R. No. 173540, January 22, 2014

4. Duties of the solemnizing officer, FC 23- 24

5. Effect of irregularity, FC 4, 7, 8

Keuppers v. Judge Murcia, A.M. No. MTJ-15-1860 | April 3, 2018

Palma and Mercado v. Judge Omelio, A.M. No. RTJ-10-2223|Aug. 30, 2017

c. Marriage license
(1) where to apply FC 9- 10
(2) requirements for issuance FC 11-19
Family planning certificate, P.D. 965
(3) Place where valid, FC 20 and Period of validity, FC 20
(4) Duties of the Civil Registrar, FC 24-25
(5) Marriages exempt from license requirement, FC 27-34

Abbas v. Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013

Ninal v. Bayadog, 328 SCRA 122, March 14, 2000
Borja-Manzano v. Sanchez, 354 SCRA 1, March 8, 2001
Republic v. Albios, G.R. No. 198780, October 16, 2013

D. Presumption of marriage - NCC 220, Rule 131 Sec. 3

Perido v. Perido, 63 SCRA 97

E. Void Marriages
1 Tolentino 270- 310

1. General rule, FC 4
2. Absence of requisites, FC 35, cf FC 234 (repealed by R.A. 68 09)
3. Bigamous and polygamous marriages FC 35 (4), 39, 40, 41, 44, RPC 349
Subsequent marriage upon reappearance of absent spouse
FC 41 in relation to FC 42-44; NCC 390 – 391, FC 55 (9), FC 101

People v. Mendoza, 95 Phil. 845 September 28, 1954

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 People v. Aragon, 100 Phil. 1033 February 28, 1957
Tolentino v. Paras, 122 SCRA 525 May 30, 1983
Wiegel v. Sempio-Dy, 143 SCRA 499 August 19, 1986
Donato v. Luna, 160 SCRA 441 April 15, 1988
Terre v. Terre, 211 SCRA 6 July 3, 1992
Republic v. Granada, G.R. No. 187512 June 13, 2012
Republic v. Cantor, G.R. No. 184621, December 10, 2013
Jones v. Hortiguela, 64 Phil. 179 March 6, 1937
In re Szatrow, 49 OG 243

4. Psychological incapacity: FC 36, cf FC 68- 73

Sempio-Dy, Major Changes Introduced by the FC, Appendix A.
Cases under Canon Laws

Republic v. CA and Molina, 240 SCRA 198, February 13, 1997

Choa v.Choa, 392 SCRA 641, November 26, 2002
Barcelona v. Court of Appeals and Tadeo R. Bengzon, September 24, 2003
Republic v. Quintero-Hamano, 428 SCRA 735, May 20, 2004
Republic v. Encelan, G.R. No. 170022 January 9, 2013
Lontoc-Cruz vs. Cruz, G.R. No. 201988, 11 October 2017
Garlet vs. Garlet, G.R. No. 193544, 02 August 2017
Bakunawa v. Reyes- Bakunawa, G.R. No. 217993, 09 August 2017
Kalaw v. Hernandez, G.R. No. 166357, January 14, 2015 (September 19, 2011)
Singson v. Singson, G.R. No. 210766 | Jan. 8, 2018
Espina-Dan v. Dan, G.R.No. 2019031|April 16, 2018
Republic v. Javier, G.R. No. 210518 | April 18, 2018
Republic v. Mola Cruz, G.R. No. 236629 | July 23, 2018
Mirasol v. Republic, G.R.No.214064|February 6, 2017

5. Incestuous marriage: FC 37 cf NCC 963 – 967

6. Marriages against public policy
FC 38; Compare FC 38 (9) with NCC 80 (6)
NCC 80(7), 82, Cf. NCC 963-967

7. Non – compliance under FC 53

8. Effect of nullity
FC 50-54; FC 40, compare with NCC rule
FC 237, RA 6809, FC 147- 148

Yaptinchay v. Torres, 28 SCRA 489 June 9, 1969

9. Who can invoke nullity –

Fujiki v. Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013

Garcia-Quiazon v. Belen, G.R. No. 189121 July 31, 2013

10. Prescription
FC 39; FC 36 par. 2 in relation to FC 255; FC 42, par. 2,
FC 237, for minors

11. Procedure in action for declaration of Nullity.

A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC Rule on Declaration of Absolute Nullity of Void Marriages
and Annulment of Voidable Marriages

Republic v. Olaybar , G.R. No. 189538 February 10, 2014

Republic v. Cote, G.R. No. 212860 | March 14, 2018

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 (a) Requisite for valid remarriage FC 40

Wiegel v. Sempio- Diy, supra

Terre v. Terre, supra
Morigo v. People, 422 SCRA 376, February 6, 2004
Tenebro, v. Court of Appeals, 423 SCRA 272, February 18, 2004
Capili v. People, G.R. No. 183805 July 3, 2013
People v. Odtuhan, G.R. No. 191566, July 17, 2013
Go-Bangayan v. Bangayan, G.R. No. 201061 July 3, 2013

(b) Support and custody pendente lite FC 49.

(c) Safeguards against collusion FC 48.
(d) No confession of judgment FC 48; cf NCC 2035

Jocson v. Robles, 22 SCRA 521 February 10, 1968

Tolentino v. Villanueva, 56 SCRA 1 March 15, 1974

F. Voidable Marriages:
1 Tolentino 270 – 310

1. Void v. Voidable marriages FC 4 cf. 45

2. Grounds for annulment
a. Absence of parental consent FC 45 (1), 47 (1); RA. 6809
b. Insanity FC 45 (2), 47 (2)
c. Fraud; FC 45 (3), 46, 47 (3), NCC 1338- 1344

Buccat v. Buccat, 72 Phil. 19

Aquino v. Delizo, 109 Phil. 19.
Anaya v. Palaroan, 36 SCRA 97

d. Force, intimidation and undue influence

FC 45 (4) 47, (4) NCC 1335- 1337,
RPC 344 Last paragraph

Sison v. Te Lay Li, supra.

Ruiz v. Atienza, (CA) 40 OG 1903

e. Impotence, FC 45 (5), 47 (5)

Sarao v. Guevara, (CA) 40 OG 1st supp. 263

Jimenez v. Canizares, 109 Phil. 273 August 31, 1960

f. Affliction with STD: FC 45 (6), compare with FC 46 (3)

3. Who can seek annulment, FC 47

4. Prescription, FC 47
5. Procedure in annulment
a. support and custody pendente lite FC 49
b. safeguards against collusion FC 48
c. no confession of judgment FC 48; cf NCC 2035

Jocson v. Robles, supra

Tolentino v. Villanueva, supra

6. Effects of annulment FC 49-54, FC 237 for minors; RA 6809

7. Marriage when one spouse is absent

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 FC. 41 – 44, compare with NCC 83, 85 (2) and 87 (2)
cf. RPC 349
Jones v. Hortiguela, supra
Lukban v. Republic, 98 Phil 574 February 29, 1956
Gue v. Republic, 107 Phil. 381 March 24, 1960

8. Marriage dissolved abroad, FC 26, DOJ Opinions,

Cases under NCC 15

9. Illegal Marriages
FC 4; FC 16; NCC 84; RPC 351-352

People v. Masinsin, (CA) 49 OG 3909

VIII. LEGAL SEPARATION AND DIVORCE

1 Tolentino 311 – 337

A. Concept and Historical Background

Benedicto v. Dela Rama 3 Phil. 34

1. Distinguished from separation in fact, cf FC 238-248

2. Agreement to separate, cf NCC 221 (1)

Albano v. Gapusan 71 SCRA 26

In re Atty. Rufillo Bucana 72 SCRA 14

3. Distinguished from absolute divorce

a. Divorce decreed abroad, FC 26

Tenchaves v. Escano, supra

Van Dorn v. Rommillo, supra
Pilapil v. Somera, supra
Garcia-Recio v. Recio, G.R. No. 138322, October 2, 2001

b. Muslim divorce: MC 45-55

B. Grounds for Legal Separation

FC 55, compare with NCC 97

1. Sexual infidelity or perversion

FC 55 (8) compare with NCC 97 (1); RPC 333 and 334

Goitia v. Campos – Rueda, 35 Phil. 252

People v. Zapata, 88 Phil. 688
Gandionco v. Penaranda, 155 SCRA 725

2. Drug addiction habitat alcoholism, lesbianism or

homosexuality, FC 55(5) compare with FC 46 (4)

3. Attempt on the life of the other spouse

FC 55 (9) compare with NCC 97 (2)

Munoz v Barrios, (CA) 51 OG 5247

C. Who can ask for legal separation?

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 FC 55, compare with NCC 99-100

D. When may petition be filed?

FC 57, compare with NCC 102, NCC 99

Contreras v. Macaraig, 33 SCRA 222 May 29, 1970

Lapuz v. Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177 January 31, 1972
Matubis v. Praxedes, 109 Phil. 709 October 25, 1960
Bugayong v. Ginez, 100 Phil 616 December 28, 1956

E. Effect of pendency of the petition

1. Right of consortium, FC 61 par. 1
2. Administration of property, FC 61, par. 2.
3. Support and custody pendente lite, FC 62 cf. FC 49; FC 198

Yangco v. Rohde, 1 Phil. 404 October 13, 1902

4. Cooling-off period FC 58

De la Viña v. Villareal, 41 Phil. 13 July 31, 1920

Araneta v. Concepcion, 99 Phil. 709 July 31, 1956
Somosa-Ramos v. Vamenta, 46 SCRA 110 July 29, 1972
Lerma v. CA., 61 SCRA 440 December 20, 1974

F. Defenses
1. Consent; FC 56 (2), NCC 100

Matubis v. Praxedes, supra

People v. Sensano, 58 Phil. 73
People v. Schneckenberger, 73 Phil. 413 November 10, 1941

2. Condonation; FC 56 (1)

Bugayong v. Ginez, 100 Phil 616 December 28, 1956

3. Recrimination; FC 56 (4)

Brown v. Yambao, 102 Phil. 168 October 18, 1957

4. Collusion: FC 60; FC 56 (3), (5), compare with NCC 101 and 231 (3)

Brown v. Yambao, supra

Ocampo v. Florenciano, 107 Phil. 35 February 23, 1960

5. Prescription FC 57, NCC 102

cf. Brown v. Yambao, supra

G. Court Procedure, FC 58-60

H. Effect of Decree of Legal Separation

1. Personal relations, FC 61, 63

2. Custody of children
FC 63 (3); FC 213; NCC 106 (3)
P.D. 603 (CYWC) Art. 17 par. 3

Matute v. Macadaeg, 99 Phil. 340 May 30, 1956

3. Property relations; FC 63 (2), FC 64

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 4. Support, FC 198
5. Use of surname; NCC 370-372

Laperal v. Republic, 116 Phil 672

6. Right to inherit - FC 63 (4)

7. Cost of litigation - FC 94 (10; FC 121 (9)

I. Reconciliation
1. How done, FC 65
2. Effects reconciliation, FC 66-67

IX. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF SPOUSES

1 Tolentino 338-355

A. Obligation to live together

FC 68; FC 72; RPC 11(2); RPC 247

Atilano v. Chua Ching Beng, 103 Phil. 255 March 29, 1958
Goitia v. Campos – Rueda, supra
Arroyo v. Vasquez de Arroyo, 42 Phil. 54 August 11, 1921
Ramirez-Cuaderno v. Cuaderno, 12 SCRA 505 November 28, 1964

B. Family Domicile
1. General rule: jointly
FC 69 par. 1, compare with NCC 110

Abella v. COMELEC, 201 SCRA 253 September 3, 1991

2. Exemption, FC 69 par. 2

C. Management and Family Support: FC 70-71

D. Exercise of Profession
FC 73, compare with NCC 117
Art. II sec. 14, and Art. XIII Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution
cf. NCC 113.

X. PROPERTY RELATIONS BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE

A. Marriage settlements: what made; what governs

1. When made; modifications: FC 1; FC 76;

(Modifications after marriage); FC 66, 67, 128, 135, 136

2. Form of MS; registration requirement: FC 77

3. Celebration of marriage: FC 81
4. Who may enter into MS?
Minor, FC 78 ; Persons under civil interdiction
Incapacitated persons: FC 79, in rel. to NCC 38-39

B. Which law governs property relations?

FC 80-81 in rel. to NCC 16, FC (3) in rel. to NCC 17

C. Donations propter nuptias

1. Definition, FC 82

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 2. Who may be donors?
3. What may be donated by the spouses?
a. Present property FC 84
b. Future property, FC 84; NCC 761
c. Encumbered property, FC 85
d. Donations in the marriage settlements, FC 81

4. Void donations by the spouses , FC 87

a. Donations during the marriage
b. Donations in common law marriages

Matabuena v. Cervantes 38 SCRA 284

c. Exceptions

5. Revocation of donations propter nuptias; FC 86

a. Revocation by donors, FC 86; NCC 765
b. By operation of law, FC 43; 44; 81

D. Absolute community of property (ACP)

1. When applicable, FC 75
2. Commencement, FC 88
3. Waiver during marriage, FC 89
Waiver after marriage, FC 89 par. 2
4. Suppletory Rules: co-ownership, FC 90; have NCC 484-501
5. What constitutes ACP, FC 91
a. All property at time of marriage
b. Property acquired subsequently
c. Winnings from gambling, FC as of NCC 164
d. Presumption of ACP, FC 93 of NCC 160

Ko et al. vs.Arambulo, et al, G.R. No. 190995, 09 August 2017

6. What is excluded from ACP, FC 92; FC 197: FC 95

Spouses Abrenica v. Law Firm of Abrenica, G.R. No. 180572, June 18, 2012

7. Charges of ACP, FC 94
a. Family expenses of FC 100 (3)
b. Debts of spouses
c. Subsidiary liabilities
d. Sole obligations of a spouse
e. Gambling losses, FC 95

8. Ownership, FC 90, FC 96 in rel. to NCC 206

9. Administration and enjoyment of ACP

a. Joint administration, FC 96; FC 90; NCC 486; NCC 491
b. Sole administration
(1) Incapacity FC 96
(2) Separation in fact FC 100 (3)
(3) Abandonment, FC 101
(4) Pendency of legal separation proceedings, FC 61

c. Disposition and encumbrance, FC 96-98

10. Effect of separation de facto, FC 100, of FC 239

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 11. Effect of abandonment, FC 101; FC 72

12. Dissolution of ACP, FC 99

a. Death, FC 103
b. Legal separation, FC 63 (2); FC 66
c. Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC 50 in rel. to FC 43 (2)
d. Judicial separation of property, FC 134-138

13. Effects of dissolution

a. Liquidation procedure, FC 102
b. For cause other than death, FC 43 (2); FC 63 (2)
c. Termination due to death, FC 104

14. For marriages before FC, FC 104

Vda de Delizo v. Delizo, 69 SCRA 216

15. Support during ACP liquidation

E. Conjugal Partnership of Gains

1. What constitutes CPG?

a. Definition, FC 106
b. Presumption of CPG, FC 116

2. When CPG commences and applies

a. Marriages under FC, FC 107 cf FC 88
b. Marriages before FC, FC 105 (2) cf FC 256
c. When applicable, FC 105 cf FC 74-74
d. Suppletory rules, FC 108

Torela v. Torela, 93 SCRA 391

PNB v. CA, 158 SCRA 435
Magallon v. Montejo, 146 SCRA 282
Cuenca v. Cuenca, 168 SCRA 335
Dela Pena v. Avila. G.R. No. 187490, February 8, 2012
Andrade v. Tan, G.R. No. 171904 and 172017 August 7, 2013

3. What are included in CPG FC 117

Zulueta v. Pan AM, SCRA 1

Mendoza v. Reyes, 124 SCRA 154 (1988)
Ballados v. CA, November 19, 1990
Jocson v. CA, 170 SCRA 333 February 16, 1989
Ansaldo v. Sheriff, 64 Phil. 115
Castro v. Miat, 397 SCRA 271, February 11, 2003
PNB v. Quintos, 46 Phil. 370

a. If property bought by installments FC 118

(Under NCC: Castillo v. Pasco, 11 SCRA 102)
b. Credit due, FC 119

4. What is excluded from CPG?

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 a. Brought as exclusive property, FC 109 (1)

Laperal v. Katigbak 10 SCRA 493

Berciles v. GSIS, 128 SCRA 53

b. Acquired by gratuitous title during marriage FC 109 (2) of FC 113; FC 115

Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil. 255

c. Acquired by redemption, FC 109 (3)

Plata v. Yatco 12 SCRA 718

Lim v. Garcia, 7 Phil. 320

d. Purchased with exclusive money, FC 109 (4) of FC 118-119

5. Administration of exclusive property

a. By the spouse-owner, FC 110
b. By the other spouse, FC 110 2nd par. FC 142, FC 75

Veloso v. Martinez, supra

Manotok Realty v. CA, 149 SCRA 372

6. Encumbrance / disposition of exclusive property FC 111- 112, of FC 236,

Amended by RA 6809

Palanca v. Smith-Bell, 9 Phil. 131

Lim Queco v. Cartagena, 71 Phil. 163

7. Improvements on CPG property

Calimlim v. Fortun 129 SCRA 675 (1984)

Maramba v. Lozano, 20 SCRA 474

8. Charges upon and obligations of CPG, FC 121

a. With consent

Javier v. Osmena, 34 Phil. 336

Vda. De Sta. Romana v. PCIB, 118 SCRA 330
DBP v. Adil, 161 SCRA 307 (1988)

b. Without consent

Luzon Surety v. de Garcia, 30 SCRA 111 (1969)

BA Finance v. CA 161 SCRA 608
Carlos v. Abelardo, 380 SCRA 361, April 9, 2002

c. Personal debts, FC

People v. Lagrimas, 29 SCRA 153

d. Winnings from gambling, FC 123 (cf FC 95)

9. Ownership, administration, enjoyment and disposition

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Atty. Crisostomo A. Uribe
14 January 2020
 a. Joint administration, FC 124 (cf FC 96)

NCC: Ysasi v. Fernandez 23 SCRA 1079

b. Sole administration
(1) Incapacity, FC 124
(2) Separation in fact, FC 100 (3)
(3) Abandonment, FC101
(4) Pendency of legal separation proceedings, FC 61
c. Disposition and encumbrance, FC 124-125 of FC 97

NCC: Felipe v. Heirs of Aldon, 120 SCRA 628

Heirs of Aguilar-Reyes v. Mijares 410 SCRA97, August 28, 2003

10. Effect of separation de facto, FC 127 (cf, FC 100); of FC 239

11. Effect of abandonment, FC 128 (cf. FC 101)

De la Cruz v. De La Cruz, 22 SCRA 333

12. Dissolution of CPG, FC 126

a. Death, FC 126 (1)
b. Legal separation, FC 63 (2), FC 66
c. Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC 50 in rel. to FC 43 (2)
d. Judicial separation of property, FC 134-138

13. Effect of dissolution, FC 129

a. Liquidation procedure, FC 129
b. Cause other than death, FC 129; FC 43 (2), FC 63 (2)
c. Termination due to death: FC 130 (cf. FC 104)

Beumer v. Amores, G.R. No. 195670 Dec 3, 2012

14. For marriages before FC, 131

15. Applicability of rules of court, FC 132
16. Support during CPG liquidation, FC 133

Santero v. CFI, 153 SCRA 728

F. Regime of Separation of Property

a. When applicable
(1) In the marriage settlements, FC 143-146
(2) When mandatory, FC 103 & FC 130
(3) Reconciliation in legal separation FC 66 (2)
b. Property covered, FC 144
c. Administration
(1) By owner, FC 145
(2) By other spouse, FC 142
d. Family expenses, FC 146

G. Judicial Separation of Property

1. When possible, FC 134
2. For sufficient cause, FC 135, cf . FC 55 (10)

Garcia v. Manzano, 103 Phil. 798

3. Voluntary separation of property, FC 136 of FC 74-75, FC 134

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Atty. Crisostomo A. Uribe
14 January 2020
 Lacson v. San Jose-Lacson, 24 SCRA 837

4. Effects of judicial separation of property

a. Liquidation of CPG or ACP, FC 137 par. 1
b. Support pendente lite, FC 137 par.2
c. Regime after JSP, FC 138 of FC 66 (2)
d. Binding effect on third parties, FC 139-140; of FC 66(2)

5. Revival of property regime after JSP, FC 141 of FC 67

6. Transfer of administration of exclusive property, FC 142

H. Property Regimes of Unions without Marriage

Review: FC 35-38; 53 FC 41, 44, FC 45

1. Unions under FC 147

Maxey v. CA, 129 SCRA 187 of NCC 144

Salas, Jr. v. Aguila, G.R. No. 202370, September 23, 2013

2. Unions under FC 148 of FC 50 in rel. to FC 43 (2) and FC 50

Juaniza v. Jose, 89 SCRA 306

Gomez v. Lipana, 33 SCRA 615
Vda. De Consuegra v. GSIS, 37 SCRA 315
Yap v. CA, 145 SCRA 229
Carino v. Carino, 351 SCRA 127, February 2, 2001
Go-Bangayan v. Bangayan, G.R. No. 201061 July 3, 2013
Ventura, Jr. v. Spouses Abuda, G.R. No. 202932, October 23, 2013

XI. THE FAMILY

A. What governs family relations, FC 149?

Alavado, City of Tacloban, 139 SCRA 230

Arroyo v. CA, 203 SCRA 750

B. Family Relations FC 150-151, cf. NCC 2035; ROC Rule 6 Sec. 1 ( j )

Gayon v. Gayon, 36 SCRA 104

Wainwright-Verzosa v. Versoza, 26 SCRA 78
Heirs of Favis Sr. v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 185922 January 15, 2014
Salazar v. Felias & other Heirs of Nivera, G.R. No.213972|February 5, 2018

XII. THE FAMILY HOME

A. What constitutes the family home (FH)

B. Who may constitute the family home, FC 152, FC 161?
C. When deemed constituted, FC 153
D. When terminated, FC 153 compare with FC 159
E. Beneficiaries, FC 154
F. Exemptions, FC 155, FC 160

Modequilio v. Breva, 185 SCRA 766

Siari Valley v. Lucasan, 109 Phil 294
Spouses De Mesa v. Acero, Jr. G.R. No. 185064, January 16, 2012

XIII. PATERNITY AND FILIATION

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Atty. Crisostomo A. Uribe
14 January 2020
 A. Paternity and filiations in general, FC 163
B. Legitimate children, FC 164; Legitimes of NCC 888, NCC 979

Perido v. Perido, 63 SCRA 97

De la Purrta v. CA, 161 SCRA 661
Tan v. Trocio, 191 SCRA 764

1. Conceived during marriage cf. ROC rule 131 Sec. 5 (11)

2. Born during marriage
3. By artificial insemination
4. Terminated marriage under FC 42 in rel. to FC 43 (1)
5. Void marriage under FC 54 in rel. to FC 36 and FC 53
6. Voidable marriages
7. Adopted children
8. Legitimated children
9. Rights of legitimate children, FC 173-174 cf. NCC 364, 374, 376

Moore v. Republic, 8 SCRA 282

Naldoza, Republic, 112 SCRA 568

C. Illegitimate children: FC 165

Rights of illegitimate children, FC 175-176

Mangulabnan v. IAC, 185 SCRA 760

Osmena de Valencia v. Rodriguez, 84 Phil. 222
In re Petition for Cancellation… of Tinitigan, G.R. No. 222095, 07 August 2017

D. Action to impugn legitimacy

1. Grounds, FC 166
a. Physical impossibility of access

Andal v. Macaraig, 69 Phil 165

Macadangdang v. CA, 100 SCRA 73
Tan v. Trocio, 191 SCRA 764

b. Biological or other scientific grounds

Jao v. CA, 152 SCRA 359

Amurao v. CA, 168 734

2. Contrary declaration by mother, FC 167

Chua Keng Giap v. PAC, 18 SCRA 18

3. In subsequent marriages, FC 168, 169

4. Presumptions FC 170, 171

Lim v. IAC, 166 SCRA 451

5. Prescription
6. Who may impugn

Liyao, Jr. v. Tanhoti-Liyao, 378 SCRA 563, March 7, 2002

E. PROOF OF FILIATION
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14 January 2020
 Gotardo v. Buling, G.R. No. 165166, August 15, 2012
Perla v. Baring, GR No. 172471, Nov. 12, 2012
Heirs Roldan v. Heirs Roldan, G.R. No.202578 |September 27, 2017

1. Legitimate children, FC 172-173

a. Record of birth

Reyes v. CA, 135 SCRA 439

Castro v. CA, 173 SCRA 658
Mendoza v. IAC, 152 SCRA 445

b. Final judgment declaring filiation

Ramos v. Ramos, 61 SCRA 284

c. Admission in a signed public document

Lim v. CA, 65 SCRA 160

d. Signed and handwritten private instrument

Ranas v. Ranas, 64 SCRA 260

e. Open and continuous possession of status

Mendoza v. CA, . 201 SCRA 675, September. 24. 1991

f. Any other means allowed by the Rules of Court and special laws

2. Illegitimate Children, FC 175

Compulsory recognition, Cf. RPC 345, RPC 46. 59

Vda de Alberto v. CA, 173 SCRA 436

Baluyot v. Baluyot, 166 SCRA 606
Paterno v. Paterno, 186 SCRA 630
Ara & Garcia v. Pizarro & Rossi, G.R. No.187273 |February 15, 2017

Gapusan v. CA, 185 SCRA 160

People v. Rafanan, 182 SCRA 811
People v. Rizo, 189 SCRA 265
Demsey v. RTC, 164 SCRA 364
Mendoza v. CA, supra.
People v. Barranco, 177 SCRA 103

F. Legitimated Children RA 9858

1. Who may be legitimated, FC 177

2. How legitimating takes place, FC 178, FC 180
3. Retroactivity and effect, FC 180-181
4. Action to impugn, FC 162
5. Rights of legitimated, FC 179

XIV. ADOPTION

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Atty. Crisostomo A. Uribe
14 January 2020
 RA 8552, Domestic Adoption Act, February 25, 1998
RA 8040, Inter-Country Adoption Act, June 7, 1995

Lazatin v. Campos, 92 SCRA 250

Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575
Republic v. Court of Appeals, 255 SCRA 99, March 15, 1996

A. Who may adopt, Sec 7 DAA; Sec 3, 9 ICAA

1. Age and capacity required,
2. Husband and wife jointly,

Republic v. CA & Bobiles, January. 24, 1992

In re: Petition for Adoption of LIM, G.R. Nos. 168992-93, May 21, 2009

3. Need for consent, Sec 9 DAA; Sec 10 ICAA

Santos v. Aranzanso, 16 SCRA 344

Daoang v. Municipal Judge, 159 SCRA 369
Nieto v. Magat, 136 SCRA 533
Duncan v. CFI, 69 SCRA 298
Cang v. Court of Appeals, 296 SCRA 128, September 25, 1998

4. Aliens as adopters

Bobanovic v. Montes, 142 SCRA 485

Pardo de Tavera v. Cacdac, 167 SCRA 636

B. Who may not adopt,

C. Who may be adopted, Sec 3, 8 DAA; Sec 3, 8 ICAA

In re Adoption of Edwin Villa, 21 SCRA 399

D. Who may not be adopted,

E. Effect of adoption, Sec 16, 17, 18 DAA

Cervantes v. Fajardo, supra

1. Status,
2. Parental authority,

In Re: Habeas Corpus of Angelie Cervantes, 1169 SCRA 579

3. Succession

F. Effect on testate succession,

G. Rescission of adoption, Sec 19 DAA

1. By the adopted,
2. By the adopters,
3. Affect of rescission,

H. Rectification of Simulated Birth, Sec 22 DAA

XV. SUPPORT

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14 January 2020
 A. What comprises support, FC 194
B. Who are obliged to provide support?

Pelayo v. Lauron, 12 Phil 453

Sanchez v. Zulueta, 68 Phil. 110
Reyes v. Ines-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803

C. Source of support, FC 197-195 cf. FC 40, 70, 94, 122.

Lerma v. CA, 61 SCRA 440 December 20, 1974

D. Action/Order of Support

Abella v. Cabanero, G.R. No. 206647, 09 August 2017

Abella v. Cabanero, G.R. No. 206647 | August 9, 2017
Melgar v. People, G.R. No.223477|Feb 14, 2018

E. Manner and Time of Payment, FC 200-204

Canonizado v. Ordonez-Benitez, 127SCRA 610

F. Amount of support, FC 200-208

G. Support pendente lite, FC 188

XVI. PARENTAL AUTHORITY

A. Concept of Parental Authority, FC 209

B. Transfer of Parental Authority, FC 210 cf. CF 234
C. Who exercises Parental Authority, FC 211-213?

Hontiveros v. IAC, 132 SCRA 745

Unson v. Navarro, 101 SCRA 183

D. Substitute Parental Authority, FC 214-216, FC 233

E. Special Parental Authority, FC 218-219, FC 233

CF. FC 221 In Rel. To NCC. 2180

Exconde v. Capuno, 101 PHIL. 843

Palisoc v. Brillantes, 41 SCRA 548
Amadora v. CA, 160 SCRA, 315
Salvosa v. IAC, 166 SCRA 274
St. Mary’s Academy v. Carpitanos, 376 SCRA 473, February 6, 2002

F. FILIAL PRIVILEGE, FC 215

ROC RULE 130 SEC. 25 CF. SECS. 22 & 23

G. Parental Authority Over the Children’s Person, FC. 220-222

Medina v. Makabali, 27 SCRA 602

Luna v. IAC, 167 SCRA 7

*Disciplinary measures, FC 223-224

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14 January 2020
 H. Parental Authority Over the Child’s Property, FC 225-227

Lindain v. CA,. 212 SCRA 725

I. Suspension or Termination of Parental Authority

1. Permanent termination, FC 228 cf. RA 6809

2. Non-permanent termination, FC 229 cf. FC 193
3. Suspension of Parental Authority, FC 231-232

Chua v. Cabandang, 27 SCRA 791, March 28, 1969

4. Revival

XVII. EMANCIPATION

A. Cause of emancipation, FC 234 as amended

B. Effect of emancipation, FC 236 as amended cf. FC 15, NCC 2180

XVIII. SUMMARY JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS, FC 238-253

XIX. SURNAMES, NCC 364-330, RA 8805 , RA 9048, RA 9255

Naldoza, v. Republic, supra

Johnston v. Republic, 7 SCRA 1040
Llaneta v. Agrava, 57 SCRA 29
Tolentino v. CA. 162 SCRA 66 (1988)
Legamia v. IAC, 131 SCRA 479

XX. ABSENCE, NCC 381-396, FC 41

Reyes v. Alejandro, 41 SCRA 65

Eastern Shipping v. Lucero, 124 SCRA 425
Tol-Noquera v. Villamor, 211 SCRA 616

XXI. FUNERALS, NCC 305-310

Eugenio v. Velez, supra.

XXII. CIVIL REGISTER. NCC 407-413

ROC RULE 108

Republic v. Sayo, 188 SCRA 634

Republic V. Valencia, 141 SCRA 462
Republic V. Marcos, 182 SCRA 223
Labayo-Rowe v. Republic 168 SCRA 294

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SUCCESSION
Atty. Crisostomo A. Uribe

I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

A. Definition and Concept. Arts. 774, 712, 1311

Basis of Law of Succession
Legal Philosophy of the Civil Code on Succession
Fundamental changes in the NCC

B. Law governing form

1. As to time of execution. Art. 795
2. As to place of execution. Arts. 17, 810, 815-819

In re Will of Rev. Abadia, 50 O.G. #9, p. 4185

Fleumer v. Hix, 54 Phil. 610
Estate of Giberson, 48 O.G. #7, 2657
Dela Cerna v. Potot, 12 SCRA 576
Estate of Rodriguez, 46 O.G. # 2, p. 584

C. Law governing content

1. As to time. Art 2263
2. As to successional rights, etc. Art 16(2); 1039

Estate of Christensen, 61 O.G. # 46, p. 7302

Estate of Amos Bellis, 20 SCRA 358
Cayetano v. Leonides, 129 SCRA 524

D. Subjects of Succession. Arts. 775, 782, 887, 1003

1. Who are the subjects?

2. Relationship Arts 963-969
3. Capacity to Succeed – Art. 1024
a. Determination. Arts. 1034, 1039, Art. 16(2)

Cayetano v. Leonides, 129 SCRA 522

b. Who may succeed? Arts. 1024-26, 1029-30

Parish Priest of Victoria v. Rigor, 89 SCRA 493

c. Who are incapable of succeeding? Arts. 1025, 1027-28,1031-33, 990-992

d. Effect of alienations by the excluded heir. Art. 1036
e. Rights of the excluded heir. Arts. 1035, 1937, 1014
f. Liabilities of the excluded heir. Art. 1038
g. Prescription of Action. Art. 1040

E. Object of Succession Arts. 776, 781, 1311, 1429, 1178, 1347

Art. 108, Revised Penal Code

Reyes v. CA, S.C. L-5620 July 31, 1954

Guinto v. Medina, 50 O.G. # 1, p. 199, Oct. 7, 1953.

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14 January 2020
 F. Opening of Succession
Arts. 777, 2263, 2253, 533, 1347, 1461, 130, 132, 390, 391
Arts. 84, 86 Family Code.

Requisites for the transmission of successional rights

1. express will of the testator or provision of law
2. death of the person whose property is the subject of succession- Art. 43;
Survivorship Rule [Rule 131, Sec. 3(ii) par.5]
3. acceptance of the inheritance – Arts. 1041-1057

Uson v. Del Rosario, 92 Phil. 530

De Borja v. De Borja, 46 SCRA 577
Bonilla v. Barcena, 71 SCRA 491
Cruz v. Cruz, G.R. No. 173292, September 1, 2010
Bough v. Modesto, Jan 28, 1954, 94 Phil.
Borromeo-Herrera v. Borromeo, 152 SCRA 171

G. Kinds of Succession. Art. 778

1. Testamentary art. 779
2. Legal or intestate. Art. 960
3. Mixed Art. 780
4. Contractual Art 130, 1347, 752, 84FC
5. Compulsory

TESTAMENTARY SUCCESSION

II. WILLS

A. Definition. Art 783

B. Characteristics Art 783, 839(3) & (4), 828, 796-798, 777, 818, 784-787

C. Interpretation of Wills Arts 788, 789, 790-794, 930

Solla v. Ascuenta, 49 Phil. 333

III. TESTAMENTARY CAPACITY AND INTENT

A. Who may make a will? Arts. 796-803

B. Supervening incapacity. Art. 801

Baltazar v. Laxa, G.R. No. 174489, April 11, 2012

IV. SOLEMNITIES OF WILLS

A. Kinds of Wills. Arts. 804, 810

B. Notarial Wills

1. General requirements. Art. 804

Suroza v. Honrado, 110 SCRA 388

2. Specific requirements. Arts. 805, 806

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14 January 2020
 Garcia v. Lacuesta, 90 Phil. 489
Balonan v. Abellana, 109 Phil. 358
Nera v. Rimando, 18 Phil. 450
Taboada v. Rosal, 118 SCRA 195
Echavez v. Dozen Construction, G.R. No. 192916, October 11, 2010
In re Enrique Lopez. Lopez v. Lopez, G.R. No. 189984, November 12, 2012
Icasiano v. Icasiano, 11 SCRA 422
Cruz v. Villasor, 54 SCRA, 31
Gabucan v. Manta, 95 SCRA 752
Javellana v. Ledesma, 97 Phil. 258

Witnesses to a will
a. Who are competent? Arts.820, 821,824

Gonzales v. CA, 90 SCRA 183

b. Supervening incompetency. Art. 822

c. Competency of interested witness. Art. 823

3. Special Requirements for deaf, deaf-mute & blind testators.

Arts. 807-808

Garcia v. Vasquez, 32 SCRA 489

4. Substantial Compliance. Art. 809

C. Holographic Wills
1. General requirements. Art.804
2. Specific requirements. Art. 810, 812, 813

Roxas v. De Jesus, 134 SCRA 245

Kalaw v. Relova, 132 SCRA 237

V. INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENT BY REFERENCE. Art. 827

VI. CODICILS

A. Definition. Art. 825, 830

B. Solemnities. Art. 826

VII. REVOCATION OF WILLS AND TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITIONS

A. Definition of revocation
B. When may revocation be effected. Art. 828
C. Law governing revocation. Art. 829
D. Modes of revocation. Art. 830

Gago v. Mamuyac, 49 Phil. 902

Casiano v. CA, 158 SCRA 451

E. Effect of revocation. Arts. 831-834

F. Doctrine of Dependent Relative Revocation

Molo v. Molo, 90 Phil. 37

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14 January 2020
VIII. REPUBLICATION AND REVIVAL OF WILLS - Arts. 835-837

IX. ALLOWANCE OF WILLS. Art. 838

A. Concept of probate

Agtarap v. Agtarap, G.R. No. 177099 and 177192, June 8, 2011

B. Necessity of probate

De Borja v. De Borja, 46 SCRA 577

C. Modes of probate

D. Requirements for probate. Art. 811

Gan v. Yap, 104 Phil 509

Rodelas v. Aranza, 119 SCRA 16
Azaola v. Singson, 109 Phil. 102
Codoy v. Calugay, 312 SCRA 333
Uy Kiao Eng v. Nixon Lee, G.R. No. 176831, January 15, 2010
Palaganas v. Palaganas, G.R. No. 169144, January 26, 2011

E. Effect of allowance of wills

Gallanosa .v. Arcangel, 83 SCRA 676

De la Cerna v. Leonides, 129 SCRA 33
Roberts v. Leonides, 129 SCRA 33
Nepomuceno v. Ca, 139 SCRA 206

X. DISALLOWANCE OF WILLS. Arts. 839, 1335, 1337, 1338

Pascual v. de la Cruz, 28 SCRA 421

XI. LEGITIME

A. Concept. Art. 886

B. Who are entitled to legitimes: Compulsory heirs. Arts. 887, 902

Rosales v. Rosales, 148 SCRA 69

C. Concurrence of compulsory heirs and their corresponding legitimes.

Arts. 888-890, 892-901, 903, Art. 39, P.D. 603

D. Restrictions regarding the legitime. Arts. 904, 872, 905-907, 1347

Santiago v. Santiago, et. al., G.R. 179859, August 9, 2010

E. Determination or computation. Arts.908-913

COLLATION. Arts. 1061-1077

Arellano v. Pascual, G.R. No. 189776, December 15, 2010

Gregorio v. Madarang, G.R. No. 185226, February 11, 2010

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14 January 2020
 Dizon-Rivera v. Dizon, 33 SCRA 554
De Roma v. CA, 152 SCRA 205
Locsin v. CA, 206 SCRA 383

F. Freedom to dispose free portion. Art. 914

Principles Affecting Legitime

XII. PRETERITION. Arts. 854, 906, 855, 918

Heirs of Ureta, Sr. v. Heirs of Ureta, G.R. No. 165748 and 165930, Sept. 14, 2011
Aznar v. Duncan, 17 SCRA 590
Nuguid v. Nuguid, 17 SCRA 449
Reyes v. Barreto-Datu, 19 SCRA 85
Escuin v. Escuin, 11 Phil. 332
Balanay v. Martinez, 64 SCRA 452
Solano v. CA, 126 SCRA 122
Acain v. CA, 155 SCRA 100

XIII. RESERVA TRONCAL. Art. 891

Edroso v. Sablan, 25 Phil. 295

Seinnes v. Esparcia, 1 SCRA 750
Florentino v. Florentino, 40 Phil. 480
Padura v. Baldovino, 104 Phil. 1065
Chua v.CFI, 78 SCRA 406
Gonzales v. CFI 104 SCRA 161
De Papa v. Camacho, 144 SCRA 281

XIV. RESERVA ADOPTIVA. Art. 39, PD 603

Banawa v. Mirano, 97 SCRA 517

Teotico v. del Val, 13 SCRA 406

XV. DISINHERITANCE. Arts. 915-923

Principles Affecting the Freely Disposable Portion

XVI. INSTITUTION OF HEIRS

A. In General
1. Definition. Art. 840
2. Requisites for valid institution of heirs. Relate to Arts. 785, 787
3. Effect if will institutes no heir. Art. 841
4. Freedom of disposition. Art. 842
5. Manner of designating an heir. Art. 843-844 in relation to Art.789.
6. Disposition in favor of an unknown person. Art. 845
7. Disposition in favor of a definite class. Art. 845 in relation to. Art. 786
8. Equality of heirs. Arts. 846, 848
9. Individuality of institution. Art. 847

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14 January 2020
 10. Simultaneity of institution. Art. 849
11. Institution based on a false cause. Art. 850

Austria v. Reyes, 31 SCRA 754

12. Shares in the institution. Arts. 851-853

13. Predecease of heirs. Art. 856

B. Kinds of Institution
1. Simple or Pure. Art. 777
2. Conditional. Art. 871
a. Kinds

Vda. De Kilayko v. Tengco, 207 SCRA 600

b. Inoperative conditions. Arts. 872- 874, relate to Art. 1183

c. Disposition Captatoria. Art. 875
d. Compliance. Arts. 876- 877, 2nd par.
e. Effect. Arts. 1034, 3rd par., 879, 880, 881, 884

3. Institution with a Term

a. Kinds Art. 885, 1st par.
b. Effect. Arts. 878, 885 2nd par. in relation to 880.

4. Modal Institution. Arts 882-883

XVII. SUBSTITUTION OF HEIRS

A. Concept of substitution. Art. 857

B. Kinds of substitution. Art. 858
1. Simple or common. Art. 859
2. Brief or compendious. Art. 860
3. Reciprocal. Art. 861
4. Fideicommissary. Arts. 863-869

Palacios v. Ramirez, 111 SCRA 704

Crisologo v. Singzon, 49 SCRA 491

C. Time-limitation on inalienability. Art. 870

XVIII. LEGACIES AND DEVISES. Arts. 924-959

Fernandez v. Dimagiba, 21 SCRA 428

Belen v. Bank of P.I., L- 14474, 31 Oct. 1960

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 LEGAL OR INTESTATE SUCCESSION

XIX. GENERAL PROVISIONS

A. In general
1. When does it take place? Art. 960
2. Who are the intestate heirs? Art. 961

Rosales, v. Rosales, 148 SCRA 69

3. Order of and share in the in testate succession. Art. 962

De los Santos v. De La Cruz, 37 SCRA 555

C. Right of Representation. Arts. 970-977, Arts. 982, 902, 992, 1005-8.

Teotico v. Del Val, supra

Diaz v. IAC, 150 SCRA 645
De los Santos v. Ferraris- Borromeo, 14 SCRA 986
Corpuz v. Corpuz, 85 SCRA 567

XX. ORDER OF INTESTATE SUCCESSION

A. Descending Direct Line

1. Estate of a legitimate decedent
a. Illegitimate children. Arts. 983, 988-992

Corpus v. Corpus, 85 SCRA 567

Leonardo v. CA, 120 SCRA 890

2. Estate of an illegitimate decedent

a. Legitimate children and descendant Arts. 903, 987-994
b. Illegitimate children and descendant. Arts. 990, 992

B. Surviving Spouse. Arts. 995-1002

Santillon v. Mirandan, 14 SCRA 563

C. Ascending direct line

1. Legitimate parents and ascendant. Arts. 985-987
2. Illegitimate parents. Arts.993

D. Collateral line. Arts. 1003-1210

Bicomong v. Almanza, 80 SCRA 421

Bacayo v. Borromeo, 14 SCRA 986

E. The State. Arts. 1011-1014

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14 January 2020
 PROVISIONS COMMON TO
TESTATE AND INTESTATE SUCCESSION

XXI. Right of Accretion

A. Concept. Arts. 1015-17, 1019-20

B. In legal succession. Art. 1018
C. Compulsory succession. Art. 1021
D. Testamentary. Arts. 1022-1023

XXII. PARTITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE ESTATE

A. Partition. Arts. 1078- 1090

Neri v. Heirs of Spouses Uy, G.R. No. 194366, October 10, 2012
Alsua Betts v. CA, 92 SCRA 332
Doromal v. CA, L-36083, 2 Sept. 1975
Alonzo v. IAC, 150 SCRA 517
Bautista v. Grino- Aquino, 166 SCRA 760
De los Santos v. De la Cruz, supra

B. Effects of Partition. Arts. 1091-1096

Guilas v. Judge, L-026695, 31 Jan. 1972.

De los Santos v. de la Cruz, 37 SCRA 558
Agustines v. CFI, 45 O.G. Supp #9, p. 184 April 3, 1948.

C. Rescission and Nullity of Partition. Arts. 1097-1105.

XXIII. EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS.

Arts. 1058-1060
Rule 87, Sec. 1, Revised Rules of Court
Rule 86, Sec 5, Revised Rules of Court

In re: Intestate Estate of Cristina Aguinaldo-Suntay. Emilio Suntay III v. Isabel

Cojuangco-Suntay, G.R. No. 183053, June 16, 2010
Manungas, v. Loreto, G.R. No. 193161, August 22, 2011

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 PROPERTY
Atty. Crisostomo A. Uribe

I. In General

A. Definition; distinguished from things

B. Elements

C. Classification : Relevance

1. Immovable or real property – Art. 415

Movable or personal property - Arts. 416-417
2. Consumable and non-consumable;
(fungible; non-fungible) – Art. 418
3. Other classifications
4. Property of Public Dominion; of Private Ownership - Art. 419
a. Property of the state – Art. 420-422
b. Property of Municipal Corporations – Art. 424 Par.1
c. Private Property

Republic v. Santos III, G.R. No. 160453, November 12, 2012

5. Importance and Significance of classification.

Lopez v. Orosa, February 28, 1958

Davao Saw Mill Co. v. Castillo, August 7, 1935

II. Ownership

A. Definition

B. Bundle of rights included in ownership Art. 429

Jus utendi, fruendi, abutendi
Disponendi, vindicandi, possedendi

C. Other specific rights found in the NCC - Arts. 429, 430, 437, 438, 444
1. Right to exclude; self-help; doctrine of self-help, elements Art. 429
2. Right to enclose or fence – Art. 430
3. Right to receive just compensation in case of expropriation – Art. 435
4. Right to hidden treasure – Arts. 438-439
5. Right of accession – Art. 440
6. Right to recover possession and / or ownership- Jus vindicandi

D. Limitations of real right of ownership

1. General limitation.
2. Specific limitations

E. Modes of Acquiring Ownership [Article 712]

F. Evidence of Ownership

Sps. Guidangen v. Wooden, G.R. No. 174445, February 15, 2012

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 III. Right of Accession

A. Concept – Art. 440

B. General Principles of Accession - Art. 448

1. Accessory follows the principal
2. No unjust enrichment
3. Accessory incorporated to principal such that it cannot be separated
without serious damage or diminution of value Art. 447
4. Bad faith involves liability for damages and other dire consequences.
5. Bad faith of one party neutralizes bad faith of the other Art. 453.
Ownership of fruits belong to owner of principal thing, exceptions;

C. Obligation of receiver of fruits – Art. 443

D. Kinds of Accession
1. Accession Discreta - Fruits – Arts. 440
a. Natural
b. Industrial
c. Civil

2. Accession continua
a. Over immovables
i) Artificial or industrial –
building, planting, sowing (bps) –

ii) Natural
(i) Alluvion – Art. 457
(ii) Avulsion – Art. 459
(iii) Change of course of river- Art. 461-463
(iv) Formation of islands – Art. 461-465

De los Reyes and Peralta v. Municipality of Kalibo, Aklan, G.R. No. 214587,
February 26, 2018

b. Over movables
i) Conjunction and adjunction
(i) Inclusion
(ii) Soldadura
(iii) Tejido
(iv) Escritura
(v) Pintura
ii) Commixtion and confusion
iii) Specification

Felices v. Iriola, February 28, 1958

Macasaet v. Macasaet, September 30, 2004
Pecson v. CA, 244 SCRA 407
Nuguid v. CA, 452 SCRA 243, February 23, 2005
Dinglasan-delos Santos v. Abejon, G.R. No. 215820, March 20, 2017
VSD Realty v. Uniwide Sales, G.R. No. 170677, October 24, 2012

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 IV. Quieting of Title
Requisites
Differences between action to quiet title and action

To remove a cloud
To prevent a cloud

See Rule: 64 Sec. I par. 2 Rules of Court who are to bring action?

Ocampo v. Ocampo, Sr., G.R. No. 227894, July 5, 2017

V. Co – Ownership

A. Definition

B. Characteristics:

C. Difference between co-ownership and joint tenancy.

D. Differences between partnership and co-ownership.

E. Sources of co-ownership

1. Law, e.g. party wall, hedges and ditches; co-ownership among surviving
spouse and heirs of descendent.
2. Contract (duration of co-ownership, Art. 494)
3. Succession
4. Chance (commixtion, hidden treasure)
5. Occupancy (harvesting and fishing)

F. Rights of each co-owner as to thing owned in common:

G. Implications of co-owner right over his ideal shares:

H. Rules on co-ownership not applicable to conjugal partnership gains.

I. Special rules on ownership of different stories of a house as differentiated from

provision of condominium Law Act. No. 726

J. Extinction of co-ownership
1. Total destruction of thing
2. Merger of all interests in one person
3. Acquisitive prescription
4. Partition or division

Heirs of Restar v. Heirs of Cichon, 475 SCRA 731, November 22, 2005
Si v. CA, 352 SCRA 653
De Guia v. Ca & Abejo, October 8, 2003
Ampil v. Manahan, G.R. No. 175990, October 11, 2012

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VI. Possession

A. Definition and concept. (Art. 523)

Essential requisites of possession;

B. Degrees of holding or possession;

C. Kinds of possession:
1. Possession by oneself or possession exercised in one’s own name,
Possession in the name of another (Art. 524)
2. Possession in the concept of an owner and possession in the concept of a holder
the ownership belonging to another (Art.525)
3. Possession in good faith and possession in bad faith (Art. 526)

D. Presumption in favor of the possessor:

E. What things or rights may be possessed?
F. What may not be possessed by private persons?
G. Acquisition of Possession
H. Effects of Possession

Ramos v. Director of Lands, 39 Phil. 175

Director v. CA, 130 SCRA 91

VII. Usufruct

A. Concept – (Art. 562)

B. Historical considerations.
C. Characteristics of usufruct
D. Usufruct distinguished from lease, from servitudes
E. Classes of usufruct
F. Rights of the usufructuary
G. Rights of the naked owner
H. Obligations of usufructuary
I. Special cases of usufruct
J. Extinguishment of usufruct (Art.603)

VIII. Easements or Servitudes

A. Definition
B. Essential features of easements or real servitudes
C. Classification of servitudes
D. General rules relating to servitudes
E. Modes of acquiring easements.
F. Rights and obligations of owner of dominant and servient estates-
G. Modes of Extinguishment of easements
H. Legal Easements

1. Law governing legal easements

a. For public legal easements
b. For private legal easements
2. Private Legal Easements Provided for by the New Civil Code

1. Those established for the use of water or easements relating to waters (Art. 637-648)
2. The easement of right of way (Art. 649-657)

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 3. The easement of party wall (Arts. 658-666)
4. The easement of light and view (Art. 667-673)
5. The easement of drainage of buildings (Arts. 674-676)
6. The easement of distances for certain constructions and plantings (Arts. 677-681)
7. The easement against nuisances (Art. 682-683)
8. The easement of lateral and subjacent support (Art. 684)

Bogo-Medellin Milling Co. v. CA, July 31, 2003

Private Dev’t Corp. v. CA, 475 SCRA 591, Nov. 22, 2005

IX. Nuisance

A. Definition - Art. 694

B. Kinds of Nuisance
C. Remedies

North Greenhills v. Morales, G.R. No. 222821, August 9, 2017

X. Donation

A. Nature
B. Kinds of Donations
C. Perfection of Donations : Acceptance
D. Parties : Capacity
E. Void Donations
F. Formalities
G. Revocation and Reduction of Donations

Shopper’s Paradise Realty v. Roque, January 13, 2004

Republic v. Sps. Llamas, G.R. No. 194190, January 25, 2017
The Missionary Sisters of our Lady of Fatima v. Alzona, G.R. No. 224307, August 6, 2018

XI. Prescription [Acquisitive]

A. Concept : Definition
B. Kinds of Prescription
C. Subjects / Object of Prescription
D. Requisites

XII. Land Titles & Deeds

Padilla v. Philippine Producers Cooperative, July 15, 2005

Abrigo v. de Vera, June 21, 2004
Naawan CommunityRural Bank v. CA, January 13, 2003

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Prescribed Textbooks:

Arturo M. Tolentino, Commentaries & Jurisprudence on the Civil Code of the Philippines, Vol. 1, 2, 3, Central
LawBook Pub., 1987
Alicia V. Sempio-Diy, Handbook on the Family Code of the Philippines, Joer Printing Services, 1995
Katrina Legarda, Ma. Soledad Deriquito-Mawis, Flordeliza C. Vargas, Family Law in the Philippines,
LexisNexis, 2014
Ruben F. Balane, Jottings and Jurisprudence in Civil Law, 1998[3rd ed]

References:

Ernesto L. Pineda, Succession and Prescription, Central Book Supply, Inc., 2009
D. P. Jurado, Comments & Jurisprudence on Succession, Rex Book Store, 2009
Hector S. De Leon, Comments and Cases on Property, Rex Book Store, 2011
Elmer T. Rabuya, Property, Rex Book Store, 2008

Teaching Methods/Strategies

A question-and-answer format will basically be employed to determine whether the student read and
understood the provisions of the law and the decisions of the Supreme Court. Quizzes will also be
administered to check knowledge, understanding and the analyzing skills of the students. Lectures, group
discussions and visual aids may be used when applicable.

Grading Criteria:

MidTerm Exam 30%

Recitation & Quizzes 30%
Final Exam 40%

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