This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: A234/A234M − 18a Used in USDOE-NE Standards

Standard Specification for

Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for
Moderate and High Temperature Service1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A234/A234M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-

1.1 This specification covers wrought carbon steel and 2 mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction covered Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
by the latest revision of ASME B16.9, B16.11, MSS-SP-79,
2. Referenced Documents
MSS-SP-83, MSS-SP-95, and MSS-SP-97. These fittings are
for use in pressure piping and in pressure vessel fabrication for 2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in
service at moderate and elevated temperatures. Fittings differ- Specification A960/A960M, the following list of standards
ing from these ASME and MSS standards shall be furnished in apply to this specification.
accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specifi- 2.2 ASTM Standards:3
cation A960/A960M. A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for Piping Applications
fittings where a greater degree of examination is desired. When A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suit-
desired, one or more of these supplementary requirements may able for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service
be specified in the order. A217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic
Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-
1.3 This specification does not cover cast welding fittings or
able for High-Temperature Service
fittings machined from castings. Cast steel welding fittings are
A960/A960M Specification for Common Requirements for
governed by Specifications A216/A216M and A217/A217M.
Wrought Steel Piping Fittings
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units 2.3 ASME Standards:4
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate- B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 2.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Section V
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the Section VIII, Division 1
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each Section IX
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system 2.5 MSS Standards:5
--`,,,```,````,,,```,`,`````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

shall be used independently of the other. Combining values MSS-SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the Flanges, and Unions
standard. MSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer Inserts
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- MSS-SP-83 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket-Welding and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- Threaded
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting the ASTM website.
4
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as A234/A234M – 18. www.asme.org.
5
DOI: 10.1520/A0234_A0234M-18A. Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
cation SA-234 in Section II of that Code. hq.com.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 A234/A234M − 18a
MSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull Plugs 6.2 Fittings NPS-4 and under may be machined from
MSS-SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet hot-forged or rolled, cold-sized, and straightened bar stock
Fittings—Socket Welding, Threaded and Buttwelding having the chemical composition of the Grade in Table 1 and
Ends the mechanical properties of the Grade in Table 2. Heat
2.6 ASNT Standard:6 treatment shall be in accordance with Section 7. All caps
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive machined from bar stock shall be examined by liquid penetrant
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification or magnetic particle in accordance with S52 or S53 in
Specification A960/A960M.
2.7 AWS Specifications7
A5.5/A5.5M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes 6.3 All welds including welds in tubular products from
for Shielded Metal Arc Welding which fittings are made shall be (1) made by welders, welding
A5.23/A5.23M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec- operators, and welding procedures qualified under the provi-
trodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding sions of ASME Section IX, (2) heat treated in accordance with
A5.28/A5.28M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec- Section 7 of this specification, and (3) radiographically exam-
trodes for Gas Shielded Arc Welding ined throughout the entire length of each weld in accordance
A5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored with Article 2, ASME Section V with acceptance limits in
Arc Welding accordance with Paragraph UW-51 of ASME Section VIII,
Division 1 of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code. In
3. Ordering Information place of radiographic examination, welds may be ultrasonically
examined in accordance with Appendix 12 of Section VIII. The
3.1 See Specification A960/A960M.
NDE of welds in Grades WPB, WPC, WP1, WP11 Class 1,
WP11 Class 2, WP11 Class 3, WP12 Class 1, WP12 Class 2,
4. General Requirements
and WPR may be performed either prior to or after forming.
4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to NDE of welds in Grades WP5, WP9, WP91 Types 1 and 2,
the requirements of Specification A960/A960M, including any WP911, WP92, WP22 Class 1, WP22 Class 3, and WP24 shall
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase be done after forming.
order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification 6.3.1 All welds in WP91 Types 1 and 2 shall be made with
A960/A960M constitutes non-conformance with this specifi- one of the following welding processes and consumables:
cation. In case of a conflict between the requirements of this SMAW, A5.5/A5.5M E90XX-B9; SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 +
specification and Specification A960/A960M, this specification flux; GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; and FCAW A5.29/
shall prevail. A5.29M E91T1-B9. In addition, the Ni+Mn content of all
welding consumables used to fabricate WP91 Type 1 and Type
5. Materials 2 fittings shall not exceed 1.0 %.
5.1 The starting material for fittings shall be fully killed 6.3.2 All welds in WP92 and WP911 shall be made using
steel, consisting of forgings, bars, plates, sheet, and seamless or welding consumables meeting the chemical requirements for
fusion-welded tubular products with filler metal added and the grade in Table 1.
shall conform to the chemical requirements of Table 1. Unless 6.3.3 All welds in WP115 shall be made using deposited
otherwise specified for carbon steel plates and sheet, the steel filler metal suitable for the composition being welded. Any
may be made to either coarse grain or fine grain practice. Grade defects shall be thoroughly chipped or ground out before
WP9 shall be made to fine grain practice. welding and each welded length shall be re-heat treated or
5.2 A starting material specification that specifically re- stress relieved as required by the application specification.
quires the addition of any element beyond those listed for the Alternately, the weld shall be made with the welding products
materials in Table 1 for the applicable grade of material is not and procedures of 6.3.1.
permitted. This does not preclude the use of deoxidizers or the 6.4 Personnel performing NDE examinations shall be quali-
judicious use of elements for grain size control. fied in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.
6.5 The welded joints of the fittings shall be finished in
6. Manufacture
accordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-35 (a) of
6.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed by ASME Section VIII, Division 1.
hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, rolling,
bending, fusion welding, machining, or by a combination of 6.6 All butt-weld tees manufactured by cold-forming meth-
two or more of these operations. The forming procedure shall od(s) shall be liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examined
be so applied that it will not produce injurious imperfections in by one of the methods specified in Supplementary Requirement
the fittings. S52 or S53 in Specification A960/A960M. This examination
shall be performed after final heat treat. Only the side wall area
of the tees need be examined. This area is defined by a circle
6
that covers the area from the weld bevel of the branch outlet to
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box
the center line of the body or run. Internal and external surfaces
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
7
Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., shall be examined when size permits accessibility. No cracks
Miami, FL 33126, http://www.aws.org. shall be permitted. Other imperfections shall be treated in
--`,,,```,````,,,```,`,`````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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 A234/A234M − 18a
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
NOTE 1—All requirements are maximum unless otherwise indicated.
NOTE 2—Where an ellipsis (...) appears in this table, there is no requirement and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported.
Grade and Composition, %
Marking Phospho-
SymbolA Carbon Manganese Sulfur Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Nickel Copper Others
rus
B,C,D,E,
WPB 0.30 0.29–1.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.40 Vanadium 0.08
WPCC,D,E, 0.35 0.29–1.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.40 Vanadium 0.08
WP1 0.28 0.30–0.90 0.045 0.045 0.10–0.50 ... 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP12 CL1, 0.05–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.045 0.045 0.60 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP12 CL2 ...

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WP11 CL1 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 0.50–1.00 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP11 CL2, 0.05–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.040 0.50–1.00 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP11 CL3 ...
WP22 CL1, 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 1.90–2.60 0.87–1.13 ... ... ...
WP22 CL3 ...
WP24 0.05–0.10 0.30–0.70 0.020 0.010 0.15–0.45 2.20–2.60 0.90–1.10 ... 0.75–1.25 Aluminum 0.020
Boron 0.0015–0.0070
Nitrogen 0.12
Titanium 0.06–0.10
Vanadium 0.20–0.30
WP5 CL1, 0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.030 0.50 4.0–6.0 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP5 CL3 ...
WP9 CL1, 0.15 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 1.00 8.0–10.0 0.90–1.10 ... ... ...
WP9 CL3
WPR 0.20 0.40–1.06 0.045 0.050 ... ... ... 1.60–2.24 0.75–1.25 ...
WP91 Type 1 0.08–0.12 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.20–0.50 8.0–9.5 0.85–1.05 0.40 ... Vanadium 0.18–0.25
ColumbiumG 0.06–0.10
Nitrogen 0.03–0.07
Aluminum 0.02F
Titanium 0.01F
Zirconium 0.01F
WP91 Type 2 0.08–0.12 0.30–0.50F 0.020F 0.005F 0.20–0.40F 8.0–9.5F 0.85–1.05 0.20F 0.10F Vanadium 0.18–0.25
ColumbiumG 0.06–0.10
Nitrogen 0.035–0.070F
Aluminum 0.020F
N/Al ratio $4.0
Boron 0.001F
Zirconium 0.01F
Titanium 0.01F
Arsenic 0.010F
Tin 0.010F
Antimony 0.003F
Tungsten 0.05F
WP115 0.08–0.13 0.20–0.50 0.020 0.005 0.15–0.45 10.0–11.0 0.40–0.60 0.25 0.10 Vanadium 0.18–0.25
Niobium 0.02–0.06
Nitrogen 0.030–0.070
Aluminum 0.02
Titanium 0.01
Boron 0.001
Zirconium 0.01
Tungsten 0.05
Arsenic 0.010
Tin 0.010
Antimony 0.003
N/Al ratio 4.0 min
CNBH 10.5
WP911 0.09–0.13 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.10–0.50 8.5–9.5 0.90–1.10 0.40 ... Vanadium 0.18–0.25
ColumbiumG 0.060–0.10
Nitrogen 0.04–0.09
Aluminum 0.02 maxF
Boron 0.0003–0.006
Tungsten 0.90–1.10
Titanium 0.01 maxF
Zirconium 0.01 maxF
WP92 0.07–0.13 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.50 8.50–9.50 0.30–0.60 0.40 ... Aluminum 0.02F
Boron 0.001–0.006
ColumbiumG 0.04–0.09
Nitrogen 0.030–0.070
Titanium 0.01F
Tungsten 1.50–2.00
Vanadium 0.15–0.25
Zirconium 0.01F
A
When fittings are of welded construction, the grade and marking symbol shown above shall be supplemented by letter “W”.
B
Fittings made from bar or plate may have 0.35 max carbon.

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 A234/A234M − 18a
C
Fittings made from forgings may have 0.35 max carbon and 0.35 max silicon with no minimum.
D
For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximum
of 1.65 %.
E
The sum of Copper, Nickel, Chromium, and Molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %.
F
Applies both to heat and product analyses.
G
Columbium (Cb) and Niobium (Nb) are alternate names for element 41 in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
H
Chromium Nickel Balance is defined as CNB = (Cr + 6Si + 4Mo + 1.5W + 11V + 5Nb + 9Ti + 12Al) – (40C + 30N + 4Ni + 2Mn + 1Cu)

accordance with Section 14 on Surface Quality. After the 7.3.1 Fittings of Grades WP1, WP11 Class 1, WP11 Class 2,
removal of any crack, the tee(s) shall be re-examined by the WP11 Class 3, WP12 Class 1, WP12 Class 2, WP22 Class 1,
original method. Acceptable tees shall be marked with the WP22 Class 3, WP5, and WP9 shall be furnished in the
symbol PT or MT, as applicable, to indicate compliance. annealed, isothermal-annealed, or normalized and tempered
6.7 Stubends may be produced with the entire lap added by condition. If normalized and tempered, the tempering tempera-
the welding of a ring, made from plate or bar of the same alloy ture for WP11 Class 1, WP11 Class 2, WP11 Class 3, WP12
grade and composition, to the outside of a straight section of Class 1, and WP12 Class 2 shall not be less than 1150 °F [620
pipe, provided the weld is double welded, is a full penetration °C]; for Grades WP5, WP9, WP22 Class 1, and WP22 Class 3
joint, satisfies the requirements of 6.3 for qualifications and the tempering temperature shall not be less than 1250 °F [675
7.3.4 for post weld heat treatment. °C].
7.3.2 Fittings of Grades WP1, WP12 Class 1, or WP12
7. Heat Treatment Class 2 either hot formed or cold formed may be given a final
7.1 Heat Treatment Procedures—Fittings, after forming at heat treatment at 1200 °F [650 °C] instead of the heat treatment
an elevated temperature, shall be cooled to a temperature specified in 7.3.1.
below the critical range under suitable conditions to prevent 7.3.3 Fittings of WP24 either hot formed or cold formed
injurious defects caused by too rapid cooling, but in no case shall be furnished in the normalized and tempered condition.
more rapidly than the cooling rate in still air. Heat treatment The normalizing temperature range shall be 1800 to 1975 °F
temperatures specified are metal (part) temperatures. Heat- [980 to 1080 °C]. The tempering temperature range shall be
treated fittings shall be treated according to Section 7 in 1350 to 1470 °F [730 to 800 °C].
Specification A960/A960M. 7.3.4 Fittings in all thicknesses produced by fusion welding
7.2 WPB, WPC, and WPR Fittings: after the heat treatment specified in 7.3.1 shall be post-weld
7.2.1 Hot-formed WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings upon heat treated at a temperature not less than prescribed above for
which the final forming operation is completed at a temperature tempering except that Grade WP1 Type 1 and Type 2 are
above 1150 °F [620 °C] and below 1800 °F [980 °C] need not required to be post-weld heat treated only when the nominal
be heat treated provided they are cooled in still air. wall thickness at the welded joint is 1⁄2 in. [13 mm] or greater,
7.2.2 Hot-formed or forged WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings and except that preheat and post weld heat treatment are not
finished at temperature in excess of 1800 °F [980 °C] shall required for WP24 fittings whose section thickness does not
subsequently be annealed, normalized, or normalized and exceed 0.500 in. [12.7 mm].
tempered. Hot-forged fittings NPS 4 or smaller need not be 7.3.5 Except when Supplementary Requirement S1 is speci-
heat treated. fied by the purchaser, Grade WP91 Type 1 and Type 2 shall be
7.2.3 WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings over NPS 12, produced normalized at 1900 °F [1040 °C] minimum, and 1975 °F [1080
by locally heating a portion of the fitting stock to any °C] maximum, and tempered in the temperature range of 1350
temperature for forming, shall be subsequently annealed, °F [730 °C] to 1470 °F [800 °C] as a final heat treatment.
normalized, or normalized and tempered. Fittings such as 7.3.6 Grade WP911 shall be normalized in the temperature
elbows, tees, header tees, reducers and lap joint stub ends with range of 1900 to 1975 °F [1040 to 1080 °C], and tempered in
a carbon content less than 0.26 %, NPS 12 and under, shall not the temperature range of 1365 to 1435 °F [740 to 780 °C] as a
require heat treatment after forming a locally heated portion of final heat treatment.
--`,,,```,````,,,```,`,`````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

the fitting.
7.3.7 Grade WP92 shall be normalized at 1900 °F [1040 °C]
7.2.4 Cold-formed WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings, upon
which the final forming operation is completed at a temperature minimum, and 1975 °F [1080 °C] maximum, and tempered in
below 1150 °F [620 °C], shall be normalized, or shall be stress the temperature range of 1350 °F [730 °C] to 1470 °F [800 °C]
relieved at 1100 to 1275 °F [595 to 690 °C]. as a final heat treatment.
7.2.5 WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings produced by fusion 7.3.8 Grade WP115 shall be normalized in the temperature
welding and having a nominal wall thickness at the welded range of 1920 °F [1050 °C] to 2010 °F [1100 °C].
joint of 3⁄4 in. [19 mm] or greater shall be post-weld heat treated 7.4 WPB and WPC Fittings Made from Bar—Cold-finished
at 1100 to 1250 °F [595 to 675 °C], or in accordance with 7.2.6. bars reduced in cross-sectional area more than 10 % by cold
7.2.6 At the option of the manufacturer, WPB and WPC drawing or cold rolling are not acceptable for use in the
fittings produced by any of the methods in Section 6 may be manufacture of these fittings unless the bars have been either
annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. stress relieved in the temperature range of 1100 to 1250 °F
7.3 Fittings Other than WPB, WPC, and WPR: [595 to 675 °C], normalized, normalized and tempered, or

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 TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
NOTE 1—Where an ellipsis (...) appears in this table, there is no requirement.
WPC,
--`,,,```,````,,,```,`,`````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- WP11 CL1, WP11 CL3,
WP11 CL2, WP22 CL1, WP22 CL3 WP91 WP92

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Grade and Marking Symbol WPB WP1 WPR WP24 WP115 WP12 CL1
WP12 CL2 WP5 CL1 WP5 CL3 Types 1 and 2 WP911
WP9 CL1 WP9 CL3
Tensile strength, minimum unless 60 [415] 70 [485] 55–80 60 [415] 63–88 75 [520] 85 [585] 90 [620] 90–120 90 [620] 60 [415]
a range is given ksi [MPa] [380–550] [435–605] [620–840]
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 35 [240] 40 [275] 30 [205] 30 [205] 46 [315] 45 [310] 60 [415] 60 [415] 64 [440] 65 [450] 32 [220]

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Elongation Requirements
Grades
WP91 Types 1 and 2
All Grades except WPR,
WP92
WP91 Type 1 and Type 2, WP115 WPR and WP24
WP115
and WP911
WP911
Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans-
tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse
Elongation:
Standard round specimen, or small proportional specimen, min % in 4 D 22 14 20 ... 20 13
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness 5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm] and over, 30 20A 28 ... ... ...
and for all small sizes tested in full section; min % in 2 in. [50 mm]
B B B
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness less than 5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm]; ... ... ...
min % in 2 in. [50 mm] (1⁄2-in. [12.7-mm] wide specimen)
A
WPB and WPC fittings manufactured from plate shall have a minimum elongation of 17 %.
B
For each 1⁄32 in. [0.79 mm] decrease in wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm], a deduction of 1.5 % for longitudinal and 1.0 % for transverse from the values shown above is permitted. The following table gives the
minimum value for various wall thicknesses.

Grades
WP91 Types 1 and 2,
Wall Thickness All Grades except WPR, WP91 Type 1 and Type 2, WP115,
WPR WP92, WP115, and
and WP911
WP911
A234/A234M − 18a

in. [mm] Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Longitudinal

5 16
⁄ (0.312) 7.94 30.0 20.0 28.0 20
9⁄32 (0.281) 7.14 28.5 19.0 26.5 19

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1⁄ 4 (0.250) 6.35 27.0 18.0 25.0 18
7⁄32 (0.219) 5.56 25.5 ... 23.5 17
3⁄16 (0.188) 4.76 24.0 ... 22.0 16
5⁄32 (0.156) 3.97 22.5 ... 20.5 15
1⁄ 8 (0.125) 3.17 21.0 ... 19.0 14
3⁄32 (0.094) 2.38 19.5 ... 17.5 13
1⁄16 (0.062) 1.59 18.0 ... 16.0 12

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Note—This table gives the computed minimum % elongation value for each 1⁄32 in. [0.79 mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies between two values above, the minimum elongation value is
determined by the following equations:

Direction of Test Equation

Longitudinal E = 48t + 15.00

Transverse E = 32t + 10.00

where:
E = elongation in 2 in. or [50 mm], %, and
t = actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm].
 A234/A234M − 18a
annealed. Mechanical testing must be performed subsequent to fittings it represents. Where plate or pipe is used for the test
the final heat-treating operation. specimen, the specimen thickness tested shall represent all
7.5 Liquid quenching followed by tempering shall be per- fittings made from the same heat of material in the same heat
mitted for all grades when approved by the purchaser. Mini- treat condition in any thickness up to and including the tested
mum tempering temperature shall be 1100 °F [595 °C] for thickness.
WPB, WPC, and WPR, 1150 °F [620 °C] for Grades WP1 Type 9.3 When cold-formed fittings are furnished, samples of the
1 and Type 2, WP11 Class 1, WP11 Class 2, WP 12 Class 1, raw material shall be normalized or stress relieved as required
and WP12 Class 2 and 1250 °F [675 °C] for Grades WP5, in 7.2.4. Tension tests conducted on these heat-treated samples
WP9, WP22 Class 1, 1350 °F [730 °C] for both Grade WP91 shall be considered to be the tensile properties of the cold-
Type 1 and Type 2 and WP911 and 1380 °F [750 °C] for Grade formed fittings.
WP115. The tempering temperature range for WP24 shall be as

--`,,,```,````,,,```,`,`````,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
9.4 Records of the tension tests shall be certification that the
in 7.3.3. material of the fitting meets the tensile requirements of this
7.5.1 Liquid quenching followed by tempering for grades specification provided the heat treatments are the same. If the
WP11 Class 3 and WP22 Class 3 shall be permitted at the raw material was not tested, or the fitting is not in the same
manufacturer’s option unless otherwise provided in the pur- condition of heat treatment, the fitting manufacturer shall
chase order. The minimum tempering temperature for WP11 perform the required test on material representative of the
Class 3 shall be 1150 °F [620 °C] and for WP22 Class 3 shall finished fitting from each heat of starting material.
be 1250 °F [675 °C].
8. Chemical Composition 10. Hardness

8.1 The chemical composition of each cast or heat used 10.1 Except when only one fitting is produced, and except
shall be determined and shall conform to the requirements of for Grade WP91 Type 1 and Type 2, a minimum of two pieces
the chemical composition for the respective materials listed in per batch or continuous run shall be hardness tested to ensure
Table 1. The ranges as shown have been expanded to include the fittings are within the following limits for each grade in
variations of the chemical analysis requirements that are listed Table 2. The purchaser may verify that the requirement has
in the various specifications for the starting materials (pipe, been met by testing at any location on the fitting provided such
tube, plate, bar, and forgings) normally used in the manufac- testing does not render the fitting useless.
turing of fittings to this specification. 10.1.1 Fittings of Grades WP5, WP9, and WPR—217 HBW
maximum.
8.2 The steel shall not contain any unspecified elements for 10.1.2 Fittings of Grade WP24 and WP911—248 HBW
the ordered grade to the extent that it conforms to the maximum.
requirements of another grade for which that element is a 10.1.3 Fittings of Grade WP92—269 HBW maximum.
specified element having a required minimum content. 10.1.4 Fittings of all other grades—197 HBW maximum.
8.3 Weld metal used in the construction of carbon-steel 10.2 All fittings of Grade WP91 Type 1 and Type 2 and
fittings shall be mild steel analysis No. A1 of Table QW-442, WP115 shall be hardness tested and shall have a hardness of
Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, No. 190 HBW-250 HBW.
A2 may be used for Grade WPCW.
10.3 When additional hardness testing of the fittings is
8.4 The molybdenum and chromium content of the depos- required, see Supplementary Requirement S57 in Specification
ited weld metal of alloy steel fittings shall be within the same A960/A960M.
percentage range as permitted for the base metal.
8.5 Weld metal used in the construction of WP24 fittings 11. Hydrostatic Tests
shall be of the composition: 2.25 % Cr, 1 % Mo, 0.25 % V. 11.1 See Specification A960/A960M.
9. Tensile Requirements 12. Nondestructive Examination
9.1 The tensile properties of the fitting material shall con- 12.1 For WP91 Type 1 and Type 2 and WP92 fittings, one of
form to the requirements listed in Table 2. the following examinations, as found in the Supplementary
9.1.1 Longitudinal or transverse specimens cut from either a Requirements of Specification A960/A960M, shall be per-
fitting or from the starting plate or pipe they were manufac- formed: S52 Liquid Penetrant Examination, S53 Magnetic
tured from shall be acceptable for the tension test. For fittings Particle Examination, S62 Ultrasonic Test, or S72 Nondestruc-
made from forgings, the test specimen shall meet the require- tive Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Test.
ments of Specification A105/A105M for the tension test.
9.1.2 While Table 2 specifies elongation requirements for 13. Dimensions
both longitudinal and transverse specimens, it is not the intent 13.1 Butt-welding fittings and butt-welding short radius
that both requirements apply simultaneously. Instead, it is elbows and returns purchased in accordance with this specifi-
intended that only the elongation requirement that is appropri- cation shall conform to the dimensions and tolerances given in
ate for the specimen used be applicable. the latest revision of ASME B16.9. Steel socket-welding and
9.2 One tension test shall be made on each heat of material threaded fittings purchased in accordance with this specifica-
and in the same condition of heat treatment as the finished tion shall conform to the sizes, shapes, dimensions, and

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 A234/A234M − 18a
tolerances specified in the latest revision of ASME B16.11, certification in A960/A960M as well as include the following
MSS-SP-79, or MSS-SP-83. Swage(d) Nipples, Bull Plugs, information specific to this specification:
and Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet Fittings pur- 18.1.1 Chemical analysis results, Section 8 (Table 1), re-
chased in accordance with this specification shall conform to ported results shall be to the same number of significant figures
the sizes, shapes, dimensions, and tolerances specified in the as the limits specified in Table 1 for that element.
latest revision of MSS-SP-95 or MSS-SP-97. 18.1.2 Tensile property results, Section 9 (Table 2), report
13.2 Fittings of size or shape differing from these standards, the yield strength and tensile strength in ksi [MPa] and
but meeting all other requirements of this specification may be elongation in percent,
furnished in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 18.1.3 Hardness results, Section 10,
in Specification A960/A960M. 18.1.4 Type heat treatment, if any, Section 7,
18.1.5 Seamless or welded,
14. Surface Finish, Appearance, and Corrosion 18.1.6 Starting material, specifically pipe, plate, etc.,
Protection 18.1.7 Statement regarding radiographic or ultrasonic
14.1 The requirements of Specification A960/A960M apply. examination, Section 6.3, and
18.1.8 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase
15. Repair by Welding order.
15.1 See Specification A960/A960M.
19. Product Marking
15.2 In addition to the requirements for weld repair of
19.1 In addition to marking requirements of A960/A960M,
Specification A960/A960M, weld repairs to WP91 Type 1 and
the following marking requirements shall apply:
Type 2 fittings shall meet the requirements of 6.3.1.
19.1.1 Butt-welding fittings shall be marked with the fitting
15.3 In addition to the requirements for weld repair of designation for marking in accordance with Annex A1.
Specification A960/A960M, weld repairs to WP24 fittings 19.1.2 Butt-welding fittings containing welds that have been
shall meet the requirements of 8.5. The recommended preheat ultrasonically examined instead of radiography shall be marked
and interpass temperature ranges are 200 to 400 °F [95 to 205 U after heat identity.
°C]. Weld repairs to WP24 fittings shall be post weld heat 19.1.3 Threaded or socket-welding fittings shall be marked
treated at 1350 to 1470 °F [730 to 800 °C], except that preheat with the pressure class and fitting designation for marking in
and post weld heat treatment are not required for WP24 fittings accordance with Annex A1. Plugs and bushings furnished to
whose section thickness does not exceed 0.500 in. [12.7 mm]. ASME B16.11 requirements are not required to be marked.
19.1.4 When agreed upon between the purchaser and
16. Inspection
manufacturer, and specified in the order, the markings shall be
16.1 See Specification A960/A960M. painted or stenciled on the fitting or stamped on a metal or

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16.2 Other tests, when required by agreement, shall be made plastic tag which shall be securely attached to the fitting.
from material of the lots covered in the order. 19.1.5 WP91 material shall additionally be marked with the
appropriate Type.
17. Rejection and Rehearing
19.2 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 19.1,
17.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identification
this specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reported method. The purchaser may specify in the order a specific bar
to the producer or supplier promptly in writing. In case of coding system to be used. The bar coding system, if applied at
dissatisfaction with the results of the tests, the producer or the discretion of the supplier, should be consistent with one of
supplier may make claim for a rehearing. the published industry standards for bar coding. If used on
17.2 Fittings that develop defects in shopworking or appli- small fittings, the bar code may be applied to the box or a
cation operations may be rejected. Upon rejection, the manu- substantially applied tag.
facturer shall be notified promptly in writing.
20. Keywords
18. Certification 20.1 pipe fittings—steel; piping applications; pressure con-
18.1 Test reports are required for all fittings covered by this taining parts; pressure vessel service; temperature service
specification. Each test report shall meet the requirements for applications—elevated

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 A234/A234M − 18a
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

These requirements shall not be considered unless specified in the order, in which event, the
supplementary requirements specified shall be made at the place of manufacture, unless otherwise
agreed upon, at the purchaser’s expense. The test specified shall be witnessed by the purchaser’s
inspector before shipment of material, if so specified in the order.

S1. Alternative Heat Treatment—Grade WP91 Type 1 and S3. Carbon Equivalent
Type 2
S3.1 For grades WPB and WPC, the maximum carbon
S1.1 Grade WP91 Type 1 and Type 2 shall be normalized in equivalent (C.E.), based on heat analysis and the following
accordance with 7.3.5 and tempered at a temperature, to be formula, shall be 0.50.
specified by the purchaser, less than 1350 °F [730 °C]. It shall
be the purchaser’s responsibility to subsequently temper the Mn Cr1Mo1V Ni1Cu
C.E. 5 C1 1 1
entire fitting in the temperature range of 1350 °F [730 °C] to 6 5 15
1470 °F [800 °C] as a final heat treatment. All mechanical tests S3.2 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreed
shall be made on material heat treated in accordance with 7.3.5. upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
The certification shall reference this supplementary require-
ment indicating the actual tempering temperature applied. The S3.3 The C.E. shall be reported on the test report.
notation “S1” shall be included with the required marking of
the fitting.
S2. Restricted Vanadium Content
S2.1 The vanadium content of the fittings shall not exceed
0.03 %.

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 A234/A234M − 18a

ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. FITTING DESIGNATION FOR MARKING PURPOSES

TABLE A1.1 Fitting Designation for Marking Purposes

Grade Class Construction Mandatory Marking
WPB W (Welded construction) WPBWA
S (Seamless construction) WPB
WPC W (Welded construction) WPCWA
S (Seamless construction) WPC
WP1 W (Welded construction) WP1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP1
WP12 CL1 W (Welded construction) WP12 CL1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP12 CL1
CL2 W (Welded construction) WP12 CL2WA
S (Seamless construction) WP12 CL2
WP11 CL1 W (Welded construction) WP11 CL1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP11 CL1
CL2 W (Welded construction) WP11 CL2WA
S (Seamless construction) WP11 CL2
CL3 W (Welded construction) WP11 CL3WA
S (Seamless construction) WP11 CL3
WP22 CL1 W (Welded construction) WP22 CL1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP22 CL1
CL3 W (Welded construction) WP22 CL3WA
S (Seamless construction) WP22 CL3
WP5 CL1 W (Welded construction) WP5 CL1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP5 CL1
CL3 W (Welded construction) WP5 CL3 WA
S (Seamless construction) WP5 CL3
WP9 CL1 W (Welded construction) WP9 CL1 WA
S (Seamless construction) WP9 CL1
CL3 W (Welded construction) WP9 CL3 WA
S (Seamless construction) WP9 CL3
WPR W (Welded construction) WPR WA
S (Seamless construction) WPR
WP91 Type 1 W (Welded construction) WP91T1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP91T1
WP91 Type 2 W (Welded construction) WP91T2WA
S (Seamless construction) WP91T2
WP92 W (Welded construction) WP92WA
S (Seamless construction) WP92
WP115 W (Welded construction) WP115WA
S (Seamless construction) WP115
WP911 W (Welded construction) WP911WA
S (Seamless construction) WP911
A
Add “U” to marking if welds are ultrasonic inspected in lieu of radiography.

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 A234/A234M − 18a
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A234/A234M – 18 that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved Sept. 1, 2018)

(1) Added Grade WP115 (UNS K91060). (5) Added new 7.3.8 heat treatment.
(2) Revised Table 1 with composition and footnote. (6) Revised 7.5 and added tempering.
(3) Revised Table 2 with tensile requirements. (7) Revised 10.2 to include hardness.
(4) Added new 6.3.3. (8) Added to Annex Table A1.1.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A234/A234M – 17 that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved March 1, 2018)

(1) Revised Tables 1 and 2 to add Type 1 and Type 2 for WP91. (3) Supplementary Requirement S1 added Type 1 and Type 2
(2) Revised 6.3, 6.3.1, 7.3.4, 7.3.5, 7.5, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1, 15.2, for WP91.
and 19.1.5 to add Type 1 and Type 2 for WP91. (4) Added Type 1 and Type 2 for WP91.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A234/A234M – 16 that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 15, 2017)

(1) Revised 9.1.1 and 9.2 to clarify tensile testing requirements

for various starting materials product forms and add the
referenced document Specification A105/A105M.

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