REVIEWER: SCI03 – Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

It is the probability of harmful consequences or expected

losses (deaths, injuries, livelihood, assets, services) Disaster Risk
resulting from the interactions between natural or human-
induced hazards and vulnerable conditions
Minamata disease is a neurological syndrome caused by Mercury
what chemical
It refers to the efforts to prepare for a disaster and reduce its Mitigation
damage.
These are mitigation solutions that involve building
infrastructure to address impacts (e.g. spur dikes, dams, Hard Solution
flood walls).

It is the extent to which a community’s structure, services, or

environment are likely to be damaged or disrupted by the Vulnerability
impact of a hazard.

It is a hazard that are beyond human control. Natural Origin

These intervals relate to the probability that a natural event

of a particular size or magnitude will happen within a certain Recurrence Interval
period of time or within a certain frequency.
It is a type of hazard that has a minimal time to prepare or Hazard of Sudden Onset
no warning.
It is dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health Hazard
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services,
social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
These are events that occur prior to a certain disaster or
natural phenomenon, as such they Precursor Events
could be used as warning signs of an impending disaster.
It is the most destructive typhoon that ever afflicted the Yolanda
Philippines.
The key to understanding disaster risk is by recognizing that Developmental Failures
disasters are an indicator of
This event is an example of Environmental hazard. Itai-Itai Disease
These are designed to help with recovery after a disaster. It Insurance
lessens the financial impact of the disaster.
an example of tertiary effects Changes in landscape and natural features
This is affected by the disasters Economy, Emotions, Physical Structures
Truth about disasters can be…  A disaster may be domestic or international
 A disaster may be caused by nature or human
origins.
 A disaster may have a known and gradual onset.
The Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Moro
 Islamic Liberation Front and the Philippine Government is a Slow Onset
major milestone in establishing peace in the region. This
struggle between the two could be considered a hazard of
_________.
In order to assess the areas within a community that are Hazard and Vulnerability Map/ping
susceptible or vulnerable to a specific hazard, one has to
construct a ______________.
As the Earth warms, organic matter in the soil is
decomposed much more quickly thus allowing for more Positive
carbon dioxide to be released. This would allow the
greenhouse effect to be enhanced and for faster rates of
decomposition. This example is a __________ feedback
mechanism.
A disaster and a hazard are essentially ___________ they Not the same though
both pertain to activities or phenomenon that damage
property, lives, or environment.
The greenhouse effect allows an increase in temperature.
This allows for a faster rate of evaporation causing Negative
increased rains on land. This increased rainfall allows for
the proliferation of plants that would remove carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere. As such, this can be considered to be
a ___________ feedback mechanism.
If your barangay is settled near a major river, there is
always the hazard of flooding. In such a case, it can be Natural Origin
considered that it would be a hazard of ____________.
The disaster risk brought about by earthquakes is Not the same
___________ between Metro Manila and Puerto Princesa
City in Palawan.

When a flood is termed as a 50-year flood, it indicates that it

has a recurrence interval of 50 years. As such, if a 50-year Would not
flood occurs in 1965 you __________ expect the same
flood exactly in 2015.

Recurrence Interval formula:

Ri = (N+1) / m
Where;
N= total number of collected data
m = rank
Ri- recurrence interval
1. Tectonic Earthquake is a sudden movement along faults and plate boundaries.
2. An Active Fault is a fault that displays evidence of movement within 10,000 years.
3. Magnitude refers to the energy released by an earthquake at the focus.
4. Intensity refers to the strength of an earthquake as perceived and felt by people at a certain locality.
5. Paleoseismology is the study of past earthquakes along a fault.
6. Structural Earthquake Resistant Design and Base Isolation (Dampers) are appropriate engineering interventions for
Ground shaking
7. Intensity VI to Intensity X earthquakes are considered damaging
8. Braced Frames are structural systems designed to resist wind and earthquake forces.
9. In the Philippines, there are approximately 20 quakes per day that have been recorded.
10. Earthquake-induced Landslide is a failure in steep or hilly slopes triggered by an earthquake slopes of steep
mountains are prone to mass movement, especially when shaken during an earthquake.
11. Slope Stabilization, Retaining Walls and Drainage Trench are engineering interventions to address earthquake-
induced landslides.
12. Not all cracks on the ground that people see after a strong earthquake are faults some could be surficial cracks due
to ground failure.
13. Trenching is a study where the known trace of the fault is excavated to understand the characteristic movement and
slip of the fault as well as how big is the size (magnitude) of a potential earthquake.
14. Hypocenter is also known as a focus. It is a point inside the earth where the earthquake originated.
15. The key to effective disaster prevention is Planning.
16. Seismologists are the scientists who study earthquakes and environmental activities as well as their effects, such
as tsunamis
17. Liquefaction is an earthquake hazard wherein a heavy load on top of the sediment will either sink or tilt as the
sediment could no longer hold the load.
18. Ground Rupture refers to the displacement on the ground due to movement of a fault.
19. In the Philippines, PHIVOLCS is a government institution which is responsible for monitoring, warning, hazards
assessment and together with other organizations in implementing programs to minimize risks from earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis.
20. Tsunami refers to sea waves resulting from the disturbance of the ocean floor by an earthquake or landslides.
21. Intensity VII. The shaking is Destructive. Most people are frightened and run outdoors. People find it difficult to
stand in upper floors. Some well-built structures are slightly damaged.
22. Intensity VIII. The shaking is Very Destructive. People are panicky. Fissures and faults rapture may be observed.
Trees are violently shaken.
23. Intensity II. The shaking is slightly felt by few individuals at rest indoors and hanging objects swing slightly.
24. Intensity X. The shaking is Devastating. People are forcibly thrown to ground. Most buildings are totally damaged.
25. Intensity I. The shaking is Scarcely Perceptible to people under favourable circumstances.
26. Intensity X The shaking is Completely Devastating wherein practically all man-made structures are destroyed.
Massive landslides and liquefaction, and many ground fissures are observed.
 27. Intensity VI. The shaking is Very Strong wherein very old or poorly built houses and man-made structures are
slightly damaged though well-built structures are not affected.
28. Intensity V. Strong shaking and rocking is felt throughout the building. Many sleeping people are awakened. Some
are frightened, some run outdoors.
29. Intensity IV. The shaking is considered as Moderately Strong. It is felt generally by people indoors and by some
people outdoors. Light sleepers are awakened.
30. Intensity III The shaking is Weak and it is felt by many people indoors especially in upper floors of buildings.
Hanging objects swing moderately.

What to do BEFORE an earthquake? What to do DURING an earthquake? What to do AFTER an earthquake?

1. If possible, quickly open the door
for exit.
1. PREPARE your homes, workplace or
schools. •Duck under a sturdy desk o or table 1. Be prepared for AFTERSHOCKS.
•Strap or bolt heavy furniture, cabinets to the and hold onto it or protect your head
Once the shaking stops take the
walls. with your arms.
fastest and safest way out of the
•Check the stability of hanging objects like building.
ceiling fans and chandeliers. •Stay away from glass windows,
shelves and other heavy objects.

2. Familiarize yourself with the EXIT 2. If you’re OUTSIDE…move to an

ROUTES. OPEN AREA!
2. DON’T…
Know where FIREEXTINGUISHERS, •Stay away from trees, power lines,
FIRSTAIDKITS, ALARMS AND …use elevators.
posts and concrete structures.
COMMUNICATION FACILITIES are located. …enter damaged buildings.
…use telephone unless necessary.
Learn how to use them beforehand. •Move away from steep slopes which
…PANIC.
may be affected by landslides.

3. Prepare a HANDY EMERGENCY

SUPPLYKIT with first aid kit, canned food
and can opener, water, clothing, blanket,
battery-operated radio, flashlights, and extra 3. If you’re in a MOVING VEHICLE,
3. Keep updated on disaster
STOP and get out! Do not attempt to
batteries. prevention instructions from
cross bridges, overpasses or flyovers
BATTERY-OPERATED RADIOS
Conduct and participate in REGULAR which may have been damaged.
EARTHQUAKE DRILLS

4 If you need to EVACUATE your

residence, leave a message stating
where you are going and bring your
emergency supply kit.