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    Class 8 - Module 1 - Problems - DR - Ajitha - PHY1701

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    Abhijit Sharma
    This document provides an overview of Module 1 of the Engineering Physics course PHY1701 taught by Dr. B. Ajitha. The module covers topics in modern physics including Planck's hypothesis, Compton effect, particle properties of waves, Davisson-Germer experiment, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, wave function, and the Schrodinger equation. It also provides 7 example problems calculating quantities related to these physics concepts such as wavelength, energy, momentum, and velocity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Class 8 - Module 1 - Problems - DR - Ajitha - PHY1701

    Uploaded by

    Abhijit Sharma
    39 views15 pages
    This document provides an overview of Module 1 of the Engineering Physics course PHY1701 taught by Dr. B. Ajitha. The module covers topics in modern physics including Planck's hypothesis, Compton effect, particle properties of waves, Davisson-Germer experiment, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, wave function, and the Schrodinger equation. It also provides 7 example problems calculating quantities related to these physics concepts such as wavelength, energy, momentum, and velocity.

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    Class 8_Module 1_Problems_Dr.Ajitha_PHY1701

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    This document provides an overview of Module 1 of the Engineering Physics course PHY1701 taught by Dr. B. Ajitha. The module covers topics in modern physics including Planck's hypothesis, Compton effect, particle properties of waves, Davisson-Germer experiment, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, wave function, and the Schrodinger equation. It also provides 7 example problems calculating quantities related to these physics concepts such as wavelength, energy, momentum, and velocity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views15 pages

    Class 8 - Module 1 - Problems - DR - Ajitha - PHY1701

    Uploaded by

    Abhijit Sharma
    This document provides an overview of Module 1 of the Engineering Physics course PHY1701 taught by Dr. B. Ajitha. The module covers topics in modern physics including Planck's hypothesis, Compton effect, particle properties of waves, Davisson-Germer experiment, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, wave function, and the Schrodinger equation. It also provides 7 example problems calculating quantities related to these physics concepts such as wavelength, energy, momentum, and velocity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    Engineering Physics

    (PHY1701)

    Dr. B. Ajitha
    Assistant Professor
    Division of Physics
    VIT University
    Chennai, India
    [email protected]
    PHY1701
    Module-1: Introduction to Modern Physics Dr. Ajitha

    Contents
    • Planck’s concept (hypothesis) (AB 66-67)
    • Compton Effect (AB 80-86),
    • Particle properties of wave: Matter Waves (AB 104-114),
    • Davisson Germer Experiment (AB 115-117),
    • Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle (AB 119-128),
    • Wave function (AB 182-184 & 190-195), &
    • Schrödinger equation (time dependent & independent)
    (AB 187 -190 & 195-197).

     Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser et al., Sixth Edition,


    Tata McGraw Hill (2013) (AB)
    2
    PHY1701
    Problems Dr. Ajitha

    ❶ Calculate the average energy of an oscillator of frequency


    5.6×1012 per second at T=330 K, treating it as 1. Classical
    oscillator 2. Planck's oscillator.

     Average energy 𝜀 = KT = 1.380×10-23 ×330 = 4.554×10-21 J

     Average energy = 2.94×10-21 J

    3
    PHY1701
    Problems Dr. Ajitha

    ❷ X-rays with wavelength 1.0 Å are scattered from a metal


    block. The scattered radiation are viewed at 900 to the
    incident direction. Evaluate the Compton shift.

    ℎ ℎ
    𝜆′ −𝜆 = (1 − cosΦ) As, = 2.426 pm
    𝑚𝑐 𝑚𝑐

    ∆𝜆 = 2.426 𝑝𝑚 (1 − cos900)

    ∆𝜆 = 2.426 pm + 0

    ∆𝜆 = 2.426 𝑝𝑚

    4
    PHY1701
    Problems Dr. Ajitha

    ❸ A beam of X-rays is scattered by a target. At 450 from the beam


    direction the scattered X-rays have a wavelength of 2.2 pm.
    What is the wavelength of X-rays in the direct beam?
    ℎ ℎ
    𝜆′ − 𝜆 = (1 − cosΦ) As, = 2.426 pm
    𝑚𝑐 𝑚𝑐
    ℎ
    𝜆 = 𝜆′ − (1 − cosΦ)
    𝑚𝑐
    𝜆 = 2.2 𝑝𝑚 + 2.426 𝑝𝑚 (1 − cos450)

    𝜆 = 1.489 𝑝𝑚

    5
    PHY1701
    Problems Dr. Ajitha

    ❹ Calculate the de Broglie wavelength associated with a proton


    moving with a velocity of 1/20th of velocity of light. Mass of
    proton = 1.67 × 10-27 kg.

    𝒄
    𝒗 = = 1.5 × 107 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
    𝟐𝟎

    𝒉 𝟔.𝟔𝟐×𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟒
    𝝀 = = −
    𝒎𝒗 𝟏.𝟔𝟕×𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟕×𝟏.𝟓×107

    𝝀 = 2.64×10-14 m

    6
    PHY1701
    Problems Dr. Ajitha

    ❺Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron which has


    been accelerated from rest on application of potential of 400
    volts.
    𝟏𝟐.𝟐𝟔
    λ= Å
    √𝑽

    𝟏𝟐.𝟐𝟔
    λ= Å
    √𝟒𝟎𝟎

    λ = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑 Å

    7
    PHY1701
    Problems Dr. Ajitha

    ❻ Calculate the de Broglie wavelength associated with the


    following:

     A golf ball of 50 g moving with a velocity of 20m/sec

    𝒉 𝟔.𝟔𝟐×𝟏𝟎 𝟑𝟒
    𝝀 = =
    𝒎𝒗 𝟎.𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝒈 ×𝟐𝟎 𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄

    𝝀 = 6.625×10-34 m

     A proton moving with a velocity of 2200m/sec

    𝒉 𝟔.𝟔𝟐×10−34
    𝝀 = =
    𝒎𝒗 1.67 × 10−27𝒌𝒈 ×𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄
    𝝀 = 1.91 Å

    8
    PHY1701
    Problems Dr. Ajitha

    ❼ Calculate the energy in electron volt of an electron wave


    𝝀 = 3×10-12 m. Given, h=6.62×10-34 J.sec

    We know that,

    𝒉𝟐
    𝑬 =
    𝟐𝒎𝝀𝟐

    𝟔.𝟔𝟐×10−34 𝟐
    𝑬 =
    𝟐×𝟗.𝟏×10−3𝟏𝒌𝒈 × 𝟑×10−𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄

    = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 𝒆𝑽 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟑 J

    = 0.166 × 𝟏𝟎+𝟔 eV

    9
    PHY1701
    Problems Dr. Ajitha

    ❽ Energy of the particle at absolute temperature T is of the


    order of kT. Calculate the wavelength of thermal neutrons at
    27°C. Given h=6.62×10-34 J.sec, k=8.6×10-5 eV deg-1.

    We know that,

    𝒉 𝒉
    𝝀= =
    √(𝟐𝒎𝑬) √(𝟐𝒎𝒌𝑻)

    𝟔.𝟔𝟐×10−34
    𝝀= ×
    √(𝟐×𝟏.𝟔𝟕×10 𝒌𝒈 ×𝟏.𝟑𝟕𝟔×10
    − 𝟐𝟕 − 𝟐𝟑
    𝟑𝟎𝟎)

    = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕Å

    10
    PHY1701
    Problems Dr. Ajitha

    ❾ A microscope using photons is employed to locate an electron


    in an atom to within a distance of 0.1 Å. What is the
    uncertainty in the momentum of the electron located in this
    way?

    𝒉 𝟔.𝟔𝟐×10−34 𝑱.𝒔𝒆𝒄
    ∆𝒑 = = = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟑 × 10−23 𝒌𝒈. 𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄
    ∆𝒙 𝟎.𝟏 ×10−10 𝒎

    ∆𝒑 𝟔.𝟔𝟑×10−23𝒌𝒈−𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄
    ∆𝒗 = = = 7.28 × 107𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄
    𝒎𝟎 𝟗.𝟏 ×10−31 𝒌𝒈

    11
    PHY1701
    Problems Dr. Ajitha

    ❿ An electron is confined to a box of length 10-9 m. Calculate the


    minimum uncertainty in its velocity.
    We know that, ∆𝒙.∆𝒑𝒙 ≈ h
    If ∆𝒙 is maximum, ∆𝒑𝒙 must be minimum.
    ∆𝒙 𝒎𝒂𝒙 . ∆𝒑𝒙 𝒎𝒊𝒏 ≈ h
    According to problem ∆𝒙 𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 10−9 𝒎

    𝒉 𝟔.𝟔×10−34 𝑱.𝒔𝒆𝒄
    (∆𝒑)𝒎𝒊𝒏 = = = 𝟔. 𝟔 × 10−2𝟓 𝒌𝒈. 𝒎/𝒔
    (∆𝒑)𝒎𝒂𝒙 10−9 𝒎

    (∆𝒑𝒙)𝒎𝒊𝒏=m(∆𝒗𝒙)min

    (∆𝒑𝒙)𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟔.𝟔×10−25𝒌𝒈−𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄
    (∆𝒗𝒙)min = = = 7.3 × 105 𝒎/𝒔
    𝒎 𝟗.𝟏 ×10−31 𝒌𝒈

    12
    PHY1701
    Problems Dr. Ajitha

    ⓫ An electron has a speed of 3.5× 107 cm/sec accurated to


    0.0098%. With what fundamental accuracy can we locate the
    position of electron. Mass of electron =9.11× 10-31 kg.
    The momentum mv of the electron is given by,
    mv= 𝟗. 𝟏 × 10−31 × 3.5× 105 = 3.192× 10-25 kg. m/sec

    𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟖
    ∆𝒑 = 𝒎𝒗 = (𝟗𝟖 × 10−𝟔) × (𝟑. 𝟏𝟗𝟐 × 10−2𝟓)
    𝟏𝟎𝟎
    ℎ
    (∆𝒑∆𝒙) =
    2𝜋
    𝒉 𝟔.𝟔×10−34
    (∆𝒙)min = =
    𝟐𝝅 ∆𝒑𝒙 𝒎𝒂𝒙 2×3.14× 𝟗𝟖×10−𝟔 (𝟑.𝟏𝟗𝟐×10−2𝟓 )

    = 3.378 × 10−𝟔 𝒎

    13
    PHY1701
    Problems Dr. Ajitha

    ⓬ Calculate the de=Broglie wavelength of a neutron whose


    energy is 12.MeV.

    Energy of the = 12.8 MeV=12.8 ×106 ×1.6×10-19= 2.047×10-12 J


    1
    𝑚𝑣2 = 2.047×10−12 J
    2
    𝟐×2.047×10−12 J
    𝑣= = 4. 𝟗𝟓𝟐 ×107 m/s
    𝟏.𝟔𝟕×10−12

    𝒉 𝟔.𝟔𝟐×10−34
    𝝀 = = = 0.00008017Å
    𝒎𝒗 1.67 × 10−27𝒌𝒈 ×𝟒.𝟗𝟓𝟐× 107

    14
    PHY1701
    Problems Dr. Ajitha

    ⓭ Compare the uncertainties in the velocities of an electron and


    a proton confined to 1nm box. Their masses are 9.10×10-31 kg
    and 1.67×10-27 kg respectively

    ∆𝒑 ∆𝒑
    (∆𝒗)e = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (∆𝒗)p =
    𝒎𝒆 𝒎𝒑

    (∆𝒗)e 𝒎𝒑 𝟏.𝟔𝟕×10−𝟐𝟕𝒌𝒈
    = =
    (∆𝒗)p 𝒎𝒆 𝟗.𝟏 ×10−3𝟏 𝒌𝒈

    = 1835

    15

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