ABIM Laboratory Test Reference Ranges ̶ July 2021

Laboratory Tests Reference Ranges

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D See Vitamin D metabolites
(1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), serum
17-Hydroxyprogesterone, serum
Female, follicular ˂80 ng/dL
Female, luteal ˂285 ng/dL
Female, postmenopausal ˂51 ng/dL
Male (adult) ˂220 ng/dL
25-Hydroxyvitamin D See Vitamin D metabolites
(25-Hydroxycholecalciferol), serum
5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, urine 2–9 mg/24 hr
6-Thioguanine, whole blood 230–400 pmol/8x108 RBCs
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 2000–8250/μL
Acid phosphatase, serum
Total 0.5–2.0 (Bodansky) units/mL
Prostatic fraction 0.1–0.4 unit/mL
ACTH, plasma 10–60 pg/mL
Activated partial thromboplastin time 25–35 seconds
ADAMTS13 activity >60%
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), plasma 10–60 pg/mL
Albumin, serum 3.5–5.5 g/dL
Albumin, urine ˂25 mg/24 hr
Albumin-to-creatinine ratio, urine ˂30 mg/g
Aldolase, serum 0.8–3.0 IU/mL
Aldosterone, plasma
Supine or seated ≤10 ng/dL
Standing ˂21 ng/dL
Low-sodium diet (supine) ≤30 ng/dL
Aldosterone, urine 5–19 μg/24 hr
Alkaline phosphatase, serum 30–120 U/L
Alkaline phosphatase, bone specific 5.6–18.0 µg/L for premenopausal women
Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), serum 150–350 mg/dL
Alpha2-antiplasmin activity, plasma 75%–115%
Alpha-amino nitrogen, urine 100–290 mg/24 hr
Alpha-fetoprotein, serum ˂10 ng/mL
Amino acids, urine 200–400 mg/24 hr
Aminotransferase, serum alanine (ALT, SGPT) 10–40 U/L
Aminotransferase, serum aspartate (AST, SGOT) 10–40 U/L
Ammonia, blood 40–70 μg/dL
Amylase, serum 25–125 U/L (80–180 [Somogyi] units/dL)
Amylase, urine 1–17 U/hr
Androstenedione, serum Female: 30–200 ng/dL; male: 40–150 ng/dL
Angiotensin-converting enzyme, serum 8–53 U/L
Anion gap, serum 7–13 mEq/L
Antibodies to double-stranded DNA 0–7 IU/mL
Anticardiolipin antibodies
IgG ˂20 GPL
IgM ˂20 MPL
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, antibodies to ˂20 units
Antideoxyribonuclease B ˂280 units
Anti-F-actin antibodies, serum ≤1:80
Antihistone antibodies ˂1:16
Anti-liver-kidney microsomal antibodies (anti-LKM) ˂1:20
Antimitochondrial antibodies ≤1:5
Anti–myelin associated glycoprotein antibody ˂1:1600
Antimyeloperoxidase antibodies ˂1.0 U
Antinuclear antibodies ≤1:40
Anti–smooth muscle antibodies ≤1:80
Antistreptolysin O titer ˂200 Todd units
Antithrombin activity 80%–120%
Antithyroglobulin antibodies ˂20 U/mL
Antithyroid peroxidase antibodies ˂2.0 U/mL
Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies See Tissue transglutaminase antibody
Arterial blood gas studies (patient
breathing room air):
pH 7.38–7.44
PaCO2 38–42 mm Hg
PaO2 75–100 mm Hg
Bicarbonate 23–26 mEq/L
Oxygen saturation ≥95%
Methemoglobin 0.5%–3.0%
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), blood 0.4–1.5 mg/dL
Ascorbic acid, leukocyte 16.5 ± 5.1 mg/dL of leukocytes
(1,3)-Beta-D-glucan, serum ˂60 pg/mL
Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), serum Female, premenopausal nonpregnant: ˂1.0 U/L ; female,
postmenopausal: ˂7.0 U/L; male: ˂1.4 U/L
Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), urine ˂2 mIU/24 hr

Beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies:
IgG ˂21 SGU
IgM ˂21 SMU
Beta-hydroxybutyrate, serum ˂0.4 mmol/L
Beta2-microglobulin, serum 0.54–2.75 mg/L
Bicarbonate, serum 23–28 mEq/L
Bilirubin, serum
Total 0.3–1.0 mg/dL
Direct 0.1–0.3 mg/dL
Indirect 0.2–0.7 mg/dL
Bleeding time (template) ˂8 minutes
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum or plasma 8–20 mg/dL
B-type natriuretic peptide, plasma ˂100 pg/mL
C peptide, serum 0.8–3.1 ng/mL
Calcitonin, serum Female: ≤5 pg/mL; male: ≤10 pg/mL
Calcium, ionized, serum 1.12–1.23 mmol/L
Calcium, serum 8.6–10.2 mg/dL

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Calcium, urine Female: ˂250 mg/24 hr; male: ˂300 mg/24 hr
Carbohydrate antigens, serum
CA 19-9 0–37 U/mL
CA 27-29 ˂38.0 U/mL
CA 125 ˂35 U/mL
Carbon dioxide content, serum 23–30 mEq/L
Carboxyhemoglobin, blood ˂5%
Carcinoembryonic antigen, plasma ˂2.5 ng/mL
Carotene, serum 75–300 μg/dL
Catecholamines, plasma
Dopamine ˂30 pg/mL
Epinephrine
Supine ˂50 pg/mL
Standing ˂95 pg/mL
Norepinephrine
Supine 112–658 pg/mL
Standing 217–1109 pg/mL
Catecholamines, urine
Dopamine 65–400 μg/24 hr
Epinephrine 2–24 μg/24 hr
Norepinephrine 15–100 μg/24 hr
Total 26–121 μg/24 hr
CD4 T-lymphocyte count 530–1570/μL
Cell count, CSF:
Leukocytes (WBCs) 0–5 cells/μL
Erythrocytes (RBCs) 0/µL
Ceruloplasmin, serum (plasma) 25–43 mg/dL
Chloride, CSF 120–130 mEq/L
Chloride, serum 98–106 mEq/L
Chloride, urine
Random ("spot") mEq/L; varies
24-hour measurement mEq/24 hr; varies with intake
Cholesterol, serum
Total
Desirable ˂200 mg/dL
Borderline-high 200–239 mg/dL
High >239 mg/dL
High-density lipoprotein
Low Female: ˂50 mg/dL; male: ˂40 mg/dL
Low-density lipoprotein
Optimal ˂100 mg/dL
Near-optimal 100–129 mg/dL
Borderline-high 130–159 mg/dL
High 160–189 mg/dL
Very high >189 mg/dL
Cholinesterase, serum (pseudocholinesterase) ≥0.5 pH units/hr
Packed cells ≥0.7 pH units/hr
Chorionic gonadotropin, beta-human See Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG),
(beta-hCG), serum serum

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Chorionic gonadotropin, beta-human See Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG),
(beta-hCG), urine urine
Chromogranin A, serum ˂93 ng/mL
Citrate, urine 250–1000 mg/24 hr
Clotting time (Lee-White) 5–15 minutes
Coagulation factors, plasma
Factor I (fibrinogen) 200–400 mg/dL
Factor II (prothrombin) 60%–130%
Factor V (accelerator globulin) 60%–130%
Factor VII (proconvertin) 60%–130%
Factor VIII (antihemophilic globulin) 50%–150%
Factor IX (plasma thromboplastin component) 60%–130%
Factor X (Stuart factor) 60%–130%
Factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent) 60%–130%
Factor XII (Hageman factor) 60%–130%
Factor XIII 57%–192%
Cold agglutinin titer >1:64 positive
Complement components, serum
C3 100–233 mg/dL
C4 14–48 mg/dL
CH50 110–190 units/mL
Copper, serum 100–200 μg/dL
Copper, urine 0–100 μg/24 hr
Coproporphyrin, urine 50–250 μg/24 hr
Cortisol, free, urine 4–50 μg/24 hr
Cortisol, plasma
8 AM 5–25 μg/dL
4 PM ˂10 μg/dL
1 hour after cosyntropin ≥18 μg/dL
Overnight suppression test (1-mg) ˂1.8 μg/dL
Overnight suppression test (8-mg) >50% reduction in cortisol
Cortisol, saliva, 11 PM – midnight ˂0.09 µg/dL
C-reactive protein, serum ≤0.8 mg/dL
C-reactive protein (high sensitivity), serum Low risk = ˂1.0 mg/L; Average risk = 1.0–3.0 mg/L; High
risk = >3.0 mg/L
Creatine kinase, serum
Total Female: 30–135 U/L; male: 55–170 U/L
MB isoenzymes ˂5% of total
Creatine, urine Female: 0–100 mg/24 hr; male: 0–40 mg/24 hr
Creatinine clearance, urine 90–140 mL/min/1.73 m2
Creatinine, serum Female: 0.50–1.10 mg/dL; male: 0.70–1.30 mg/dL
Creatinine, urine
Random ("spot") mg/dL; varies
24-hour measurement 15–25 mg/kg body weight/24 hr
Cyclosporine, whole blood (trough)
Therapeutic 100–200 ng/mL
0–3 months post transplantation 150–250 ng/mL
More than 3 months post transplantation 75–125 ng/mL
D-dimer, plasma ˂0.5 μg/mL
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), serum Female: 44–332 μg/dL; male: 89–457 μg/dL

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Delta-aminolevulinic acid, serum ˂20 μg/dL
Digoxin, serum Therapeutic: 1.0–2.0 ng/mL
(˂1.2 ng/mL for patients with heart failure)
Dihydrotestosterone, serum Adult male: 25–80 ng/dL
Dopamine, plasma ˂30 pg/mL
Dopamine, urine 65–400 μg/24 hr
D-Xylose absorption
(after ingestion of 25 g of D-xylose)
Serum 25–40 mg/dL
Urinary excretion 4.5–7.5 g during a 5-hr period
Electrolytes, serum
Sodium 136–145 mEq/L
Potassium 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
Chloride 98–106 mEq/L
Bicarbonate 23–28 mEq/L
Epinephrine, plasma
Supine ˂110 pg/mL
Standing ˂140 pg/mL
Epinephrine, urine ˂20 μg/24 hr
Erythrocyte count 4.2–5.9 million/μL
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren) Female: 0–20 mm/hr; male: 0–15 mm/hr
Erythrocyte survival rate (51Cr) T½ = 28 days
Erythropoietin, serum 4–26 mU/mL
Estradiol, serum
Female, follicular 10–180 pg/mL
Mid-cycle peak 100–300 pg/mL
Luteal 40–200 pg/mL
Postmenopausal ˂10 pg/mL
Male 20–50 pg/mL
Estriol, urine >12 mg/24 hr
Estrogen receptor protein Negative: ˂10 fmol/mg protein
Estrone, serum 10–60 pg/mL
Ethanol, blood ˂0.005% (˂5 mg/dL)
Coma level >0.5% (>500 mg/dL)
Intoxication ≥0.08%–0.1% (≥80–100 mg/dL)
Euglobulin clot lysis time 2–4 hours at 37.0 C
Everolimus, whole blood (trough) Therapeutic: 3.0–8.0 ng/mL
Factor XIII, B subunit, plasma 60–130 U/dL
Fecal fat ˂7 g/24 hr
Fecal nitrogen ˂2 g/24 hr
Fecal pH 7.0–7.5
Fecal potassium ˂10 mEq/L
Fecal sodium ˂10 mEq/L
Fecal urobilinogen 40–280 mg/24 hr
Fecal weight ˂250 g/24 hr
Ferritin, serum Female: 24–307 ng/mL; male: 24–336 ng/mL
Fibrin(ogen) degradation products ˂10 μg/mL
Fibrinogen, plasma 200–400 mg/dL
Fibroblast growth factor-23, serum 30–80 RU/mL
Flecainide, serum Therapeutic: 0.2–1.0 μg/mL

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Folate, red cell 150–450 ng/mL of packed cells
Folate, serum 1.8–9.0 ng/mL
Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum
Female, follicular/luteal 2–9 mIU/mL (2–9 U/L)
Female, mid-cycle peak 4–22 mIU/mL (4–22 U/L)
Female, postmenopausal >30 mIU/mL (>30 U/L)
Male (adult) 1–7 mIU/mL (1–7 U/L)
Children, Tanner stages 1, 2 0.5–8.0 mIU/mL (0.5–8.0 U/L)
Children, Tanner stages 3, 4, 5 1–12 mIU/mL (1–12 U/L)
Free kappa light chain, serum 3.3–19.4 mg/L
Free kappa-to-free lambda light chain ratio, serum 0.26–1.65
Free lambda light chain, serum 5.7–26.3 mg/L
Gamma globulin, CSF 6.1–8.3 mg/dL
Gamma-glutamyltransferase
(gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase), serum Female: 8–40 U/L; male: 9–50 U/L
Gastric secretion
Basal acid analysis 10–30 units of free acid
Basal acid output Female: 2.0 ± 1.8 mEq of HCl/hr; male: 3.0 ± 2.0 mEq of
HCl/hr
Maximal output after pentagastrin stimulation 23 ± 5 mEq of HCl/hr
Gastrin, serum ˂100 pg/mL
Gentamicin, serum Therapeutic: peak 5.0–10.0 µg/mL;
trough: ˂2.0 µg/mL
Glucose, CSF 50–75 mg/dL
Glucose, plasma (fasting) 70–99 mg/dL
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, blood 5–15 units/g of hemoglobin
Glycoprotein α-subunit, serum ˂1 ng/mL
Growth hormone, serum
At rest ˂5 ng/mL
Response to provocative stimuli >7 ng/mL
Haptoglobin, serum 83–267 mg/dL
Hematocrit, blood Female: 37%–47%; male: 42%–50%
Hemoglobin A1C 4.0%–5.6%
Hemoglobin, blood Female: 12–16 g/dL; male: 14–18 g/dL
Hemoglobin fractionation
Hb A 96%–98%
Hb A2 1.5%–3.5%
Hb F ˂1%
Hemoglobin, plasma ˂5.0 mg/dL
Heparin–anti-factor Xa assay, plasma 0.3–0.7 IU/mL [therapeutic range for standard
(unfractionated) heparin therapy]
Heparin–platelet factor 4 antibody, serum Positive: >0.4 optical density units
Hepatic copper 25–40 μg/g dry weight
Hepatic iron index ˂1.0
Histamine excretion, urine 20–50 μg/24 hr
Homocysteine, plasma 5–15 μmol/L
β-Human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), serum Female, premenopausal nonpregnant: ˂1.0 U/L; female,
postmenopausal: ˂7.0 U/L; male: ˂1.4 U/L
β-Human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), urine ˂2 mIU/24 hr
Hydroxyproline, urine 10–30 mg/sq meter of body surface/24 hr
Immature platelet fraction 1%–5% of platelet count
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Immune complexes, serum 0–50 μg/dL
Immunoglobulins, serum
IgA 90–325 mg/dL
IgE ˂380 IU/mL
IgG 800–1500 mg/dL
IgM 45–150 mg/dL
Immunoglobulin free light chains, serum
Kappa 3.3–19.4 mg/L
Lambda 5.7–26.3 mg/L
Kappa-to-lambda ratio 0.26–1.65
Insulin, serum (fasting) ˂20 μU/mL
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
(somatomedin-C), serum
Ages 16–24 182–780 ng/mL
Ages 25–39 114–492 ng/mL
Ages 40–54 90–360 ng/mL
Ages 55 and older 71–290 ng/mL
Iodine, urine
Random ("spot") µg/L; varies
Iron, serum 50–150 μg/dL
Iron-binding capacity, serum (total) 250–310 μg/dL
Lactate dehydrogenase, serum 80–225 U/L
Lactate, arterial blood ˂1.3 mmol/L (˂1.3 mEq/L)
Lactate, serum or plasma 0.7–2.1 mmol/L
Lactate, venous blood 0.7–1.8 mEq/L; 6–16 mg/dL
Lactic acid, serum 6–19 mg/dL (0.7–2.1 mmol/L)
Lactose tolerance test, GI Increase in plasma glucose: >15 mg/dL
Lead, blood <5.0 μg/dL
Leukocyte count 4000–11,000/μL
Segmented neutrophils 50%–70%
Band forms 0%–5%
Lymphocytes 30%–45%
Monocytes 0%–6%
Basophils 0%–1%
Eosinophils 0%–3%
Lipase, serum 10–140 U/L
Lipoprotein(a), serum Desirable: ˂30 mg/dL
Lithium, plasma
Therapeutic 0.6–1.2 mEq/L
Toxic level >2 mEq/L
Luteinizing hormone (LH), serum
Female, follicular/luteal 1–12 mIU/mL (1–12 U/L)
Female, mid-cycle peak 9–80 mIU/mL (9–80 U/L)
Female, postmenopausal >30 mIU/mL (>30 U/L)
Male (adult) 2–9 mIU/mL (2–9 U/L)
Children, Tanner stages 1, 2, 3 ˂9.0 mIU/mL (˂9.0 U/L)
Children, Tanner stages 4, 5 1–15 mIU/mL (1–15 U/L)

7
Lymphocyte subsets
CD3 900–3245/μL
CD4 530–1570/μL
CD8 430–1060/μL
CD19 208–590/μL
CD56 40–500/µL
Magnesium, serum 1.6–2.6 mEq/L
Magnesium, urine 14–290 mg/24 hr
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 28–32 pg
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 33–36 g/dL
Mean corpuscular volume 80–98 fL
Mean platelet volume 7–9 fL
Metanephrines, fractionated, plasma
Metanephrine ˂0.5 nmol/L
Normetanephrine ˂0.9 nmol/L
Metanephrines, fractionated, 24-hour urine
Metanephrine ˂400 µg/24 hr
Normetanephrine ˂900 µg/24 hr
Myoglobin, serum ˂100 μg/L
Norepinephrine, plasma
Supine 70–750 pg/mL
Standing 200–1700 pg/mL
Norepinephrine, urine 0–100 μg/24 hr
Normetanephrine, fractionated, plasma ˂0.9 nmol/L
Normetanephrine, fractionated, 24-hour urine ˂900 µg/24 hr
N -telopeptide, urine Female: 11–48 nmol BCE/mmol creatinine;
male: 7–68 nmol BCE/mmol creatinine
N -terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), If eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2
serum or plasma 18 –49 years of age
Heart failure unlikely: ≤300 pg/mL
High probability of heart failure: ≥450 pg/mL
50–75 years of age
Heart failure unlikely: ≤300 pg/mL
High probability of heart failure: ≥900 pg/mL
Older than 75 years of age
Heart failure unlikely: ≤300 pg/mL
High probability of heart failure: ≥1800 pg/mL
If eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2
18 years of age or older
High probability of heart failure: ≥1200 pg/mL
Osmolality, serum 275–295 mOsm/kg H2O
Osmolality, urine 38–1400 mOsm/kg H2O
Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes Increased if hemolysis occurs in over 0.5% NaCl;
decreased if hemolysis is incomplete in 0.3% NaCl
Osteocalcin, serum Female: 7.2–27.9 ng/mL; male: 11.3–35.4 ng/mL
Oxalate, urine ˂40 mg/24 hr
Oxygen consumption 225–275 mL/min
Oxygen saturation, arterial blood ≥95%
Parathyroid hormone, serum
C -terminal 150–350 pg/mL
Intact 10–65 pg/mL
Intact (dialysis patients only) Target: 130–585 pg/mL
8
Parathyroid hormone-related protein, serum ˂1.5 pmol/L
Partial thromboplastin time (activated) 25–35 seconds
pH, urine 4.5–8.0
Phenolsulfonphthalein, urine At least 25% excreted by 15 minutes;
40% by 30 minutes;
60% by 120 minutes
Phenytoin, serum Therapeutic: 10–20 μg/mL
Phosphatase (acid), serum
Total 0.5–2.0 (Bodansky) units/mL
Prostatic fraction 0.1–0.4 unit/mL
Phosphatase (alkaline), serum 30–120 U/L
Phospholipids, serum (total) 200–300 mg/dL
Phosphorus, serum 3.0–4.5 mg/dL
Phosphorus, urine 500–1200 mg/24 hr
Platelet count 150,000–450,000/μL
Platelet function analysis (PFA-100):
Collagen–epinephrine closure time 60–143 seconds
Collagen–ADP closure time 58–123 seconds
Platelet survival rate (51Cr) 10 days
Potassium, serum 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
Potassium, urine
Random ("spot") mEq/L; varies
24-hour measurement mEq/24 hr; varies with intake
Prealbumin, serum 16–30 mg/dL
Pregnanetriol, urine 0.2–3.5 mg/24 hr
Pressure (opening) [initial], CSF 70–180 mm CSF (70–180 mm H2O)
Procalcitonin, serum ≤0.10 ng/mL
Progesterone, serum
Female, follicular 0.02–0.9 ng/mL
Female, luteal 2–30 ng/mL
Male (adult) 0.12–0.3 ng/mL
Proinsulin, serum 3–20 pmol/L
Prolactin, serum ˂20 ng/mL
Prostate-specific antigen, serum ng/mL; no specific normal or abnormal level
Protein C activity, plasma 65%–150%
Protein C antigen, plasma 70%–140%
Protein catabolic rate, urine goal: 1.0–1.2 g/kg/24 hr
Protein S activity, plasma 57%–131%
Protein S antigen, plasma
Total 60%–140%
Free 60%–130%
Protein, urine
Random ("spot") mg/dL; varies
24-hour measurement ˂100 mg/24 hr
Proteins, CSF total 15–45 mg/dL
Proteins, serum
Total 5.5–9.0 g/dL
Albumin 3.5–5.5 g/dL

9
Proteins, serum (continued)
Globulin 2.0–3.5 g/dL
Alpha1 0.2–0.4 g/dL
Alpha2 0.5–0.9 g/dL
Beta 0.6–1.1 g/dL
Gamma 0.7–1.7 g/dL
Protein-to-creatinine ratio, urine ˂0.2 mg/mg
Prothrombin time, plasma 11–13 seconds
Pyruvic acid, blood 0.08–0.16 mmol/L
Quinidine, serum Therapeutic: 2–5 μg/mL
Red cell distribution width (RDW) 9.0–14.5
Red cell mass Female: 22.7–27.9 mL/kg; male: 24.9–32.5 mL/kg
Renin activity (angiotensin-I radioimmunoassay)
Peripheral plasma
Normal diet
Supine 0.3–2.5 ng/mL/hr
Upright 0.2–3.6 ng/mL/hr
Low sodium diet
Supine 0.9–4.5 ng/mL/hr
Upright 4.1–9.1 ng/mL/hr
Diuretics + low sodium diet 6.3–13.7 ng/mL/hr
Renal vein concentration Normal ratio (high:low): ˂1.5
Reptilase time 10–12 seconds
Reticulocyte count 0.5%–1.5% of red cells
Reticulocyte count, absolute 25,000–100,000/µL
Rheumatoid factor (nephelometry) ˂24 IU/mL
Rheumatoid factor, latex test for ≤1:80
Ristocetin cofactor activity of plasma See von Willebrand factor activity (ristocetin cofactor
activity), plasma
Russell viper venom time, dilute 33–44 seconds
Salicylate, plasma Therapeutic: 20–30 mg/dL
Sex hormone-binding globulin Female, nonpregnant: 18–144 nmol/L;
male: 10–57 nmol/L
Sodium, serum 136–145 mEq/L
Sodium, urine
Random ("spot") mEq/L; varies
24-hour measurement mEq/24 hr; varies with intake
Specific gravity, urine 1.002–1.030
Sperm density 10–150 million/mL
Sweat test for sodium and chloride ˂60 mEq/L
T3 resin uptake 25%–35%
T-lymphocyte count, CD4 530–1570/μL
Tacrolimus, whole blood (trough) Therapeutic: 5–15 ng/mL {For transplant patients:
10.0–15.0 ng/mL (0–3 months post transplantation);
5.0–10.0 ng/mL (more than 3 months post
transplantation)}
Testosterone, serum Female: 18–54 ng/dL; male: 291–1100 ng/dL
Testosterone, bioavailable, serum Female, age 18–69 yrs: 0.5–8.5 ng/dL
Testosterone, free, serum Male: 70–300 pg/mL
Theophylline, serum Therapeutic: 8–20 μg/mL
Thrombin time 17–23 seconds

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Thyroid function studies
T3 resin uptake 25%–35%
Thyroglobulin, serum ˂20 ng/mL
Thyroidal iodine (123I) uptake 5%–30% of administered dose at 24 hours
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum 0.5–4.0 μU/mL (0.5–4.0 mU/L)
Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) ˂130%
Thyroxine-binding globulin, serum 12–27 µg/mL
Thyroxine index, free (estimate) 5–12
Thyroxine (T4), serum
Total 5–12 μg/dL
Free 0.8–1.8 ng/dL
Triiodothyronine (T3), serum
Total 80–180 ng/dL
Reverse 20–40 ng/dL
Free 2.3–4.2 pg/mL
Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgA ˂20 AU
[by chemiluminescence method]
Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgG ˂20 AU
[by chemiluminescence method]
Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgA ˂4.0 U/mL
[by ELISA]
Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgG ˂6.0 U/mL
[by ELISA]
Total proteins, CSF 15–45 mg/dL
Transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic (SGOT) See Aminotransferase, serum aspartate (AST)
Transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic (SGPT) See Aminotransferase, serum alanine (ALT)
Transferrin saturation 20%–50%
Transferrin, serum 200–400 mg/dL
Triglycerides, serum (fasting)
Optimal ˂100 mg/dL
Normal ˂150 mg/dL
Borderline-high 150–199 mg/dL
High 200–499 mg/dL
Very high >499 mg/dL
Troponin I, cardiac, serum ≤0.04 ng/mL
Troponin T, cardiac, serum ≤0.01 ng/mL
Tryptase, serum ˂11.5 ng/mL
Urea clearance, urine
Standard 40–60 mL/min
Maximal 60–100 mL/min
Urea nitrogen, blood 8–20 mg/dL
Urea nitrogen, urine 12–20 g/24 hr
Uric acid, serum 3.0–7.0 mg/dL
Uric acid, urine 250–750 mg/24 hr
Uroporphyrin, urine 10–30 μg/24 hr
Vanillylmandelic acid, urine ˂9 mg/24 hr
Venous oxygen content, mixed 14–16 mL/dL

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Venous studies, mixed, blood
pH 7.32–7.41
PCO2 42–53 mm Hg
PO2 35–42 mm Hg
Bicarbonate 24–28 mEq/L
Oxygen saturation (SvO2) 65%–75%
Viscosity, serum 1.4–1.8 cp
Vitamin A, serum:
Adult 32.5–78.0 μg/dL
Pediatric, age 1–2 yr (retinol) 20–43 μg/dL
Vitamin B12, serum 200–800 pg/mL
Vitamin D metabolites, serum
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 15–60 pg/mL
(1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 30–60 ng/mL
(25-hydroxycholecalciferol)
Vitamin E, serum:
Adult 5.5–17.0 mg/L
Pediatric, age 1–2 yr (alpha-tocopherol) 2.9–16.6 mg/L
Volume, blood
Plasma Female: 43 mL/kg body weight;
male: 44 mL/kg body weight
Red cell Female: 20–30 mL/kg body weight;
male: 25–35 mL/kg body weight
von Willebrand factor activity (ristocetin cofactor
activity), plasma 50%–150%
von Willebrand factor antigen, plasma 50%–150%
Zinc, serum 75–140 μg/dL
Revised - July 2021

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