Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 75 views

    Hydrothermal Synthesis

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous 74EiX2Mzgc
    Hydrothermal synthesis is a technique useful for large-scale production of nano to micro-sized particles. Chemical precursors are dissolved in water and placed in a high-pressure vessel called an autoclave that can withstand temperatures up to 300°C and pressures over 100 bars. This old technique first developed in 1839 allows for the growth of nanoparticles and novel shapes that are difficult to obtain through other methods. Uniform particles can be achieved hydrothermally when precursors have high vapor pressure or phases are unstable at their melting points. Various oxide, sulfide, carbonate, and tungstate nanoparticles have been synthesized using this hydrothermal method.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hydrothermal Synthesis

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous 74EiX2Mzgc
    75 views1 page
    Hydrothermal synthesis is a technique useful for large-scale production of nano to micro-sized particles. Chemical precursors are dissolved in water and placed in a high-pressure vessel called an autoclave that can withstand temperatures up to 300°C and pressures over 100 bars. This old technique first developed in 1839 allows for the growth of nanoparticles and novel shapes that are difficult to obtain through other methods. Uniform particles can be achieved hydrothermally when precursors have high vapor pressure or phases are unstable at their melting points. Various oxide, sulfide, carbonate, and tungstate nanoparticles have been synthesized using this hydrothermal method.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Hydrothermal synthesis is a technique useful for large-scale production of nano to micro-sized particles. Chemical precursors are dissolved in water and placed in a high-pressure vessel called an autoclave that can withstand temperatures up to 300°C and pressures over 100 bars. This old technique first developed in 1839 allows for the growth of nanoparticles and novel shapes that are difficult to obtain through other methods. Uniform particles can be achieved hydrothermally when precursors have high vapor pressure or phases are unstable at their melting points. Various oxide, sulfide, carbonate, and tungstate nanoparticles have been synthesized using this hydrothermal method.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    75 views1 page

    Hydrothermal Synthesis

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous 74EiX2Mzgc
    Hydrothermal synthesis is a technique useful for large-scale production of nano to micro-sized particles. Chemical precursors are dissolved in water and placed in a high-pressure vessel called an autoclave that can withstand temperatures up to 300°C and pressures over 100 bars. This old technique first developed in 1839 allows for the growth of nanoparticles and novel shapes that are difficult to obtain through other methods. Uniform particles can be achieved hydrothermally when precursors have high vapor pressure or phases are unstable at their melting points. Various oxide, sulfide, carbonate, and tungstate nanoparticles have been synthesized using this hydrothermal method.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    4.

    9 Hydrothermal Synthesis 105

    4.9 Hydrothermal Synthesis

    This synthesis method is useful to make a large scale production of nano to micro
    size particles. In this technique adequate chemical precursors are dissolved in water
    and placed in vessel made of steel or any other suitable metal which can withstand
    high temperature typically upto 300 ı C and high pressure above 100 bars. The
    vessel, known as autoclave, is usually provided with temperature and pressure
    control as well as measuring gauges as illustrated in Fig. 4.32.
    It is a very old technique, probably first used by the German scientist Robert
    Bunsen, way back in 1839 to synthesize crystals of strontium and barium carbon-
    ates. He used a thick glass tube and used temperature above 200 ı C and pressure
    more than 100 bars. The technique was later used mostly by geologists and has
    become popular amongst nanotechnologists due to the advantages like large yield
    and novel shapes and sizes that can be obtained using this technique.
    The technique becomes useful when it is difficult to dissolve the precursors at
    low temperatures or room temperature. It is also advantageous to use the technique
    to grow nanoparticles if the material has a high vapour pressure near its melting
    point or crystalline phases are not stable at melting point. The uniformity of shapes
    and sizes of the nanoparticles also can be achieved by this technique. Various
    oxide, sulphide, carbonate and tungstate nanoparticles have been synthesized by
    the hydrothermal synthesis.
    Another variation of hydrothermal synthesis technique is known as forced
    hydrolysis. In this case usually dilute solutions (10 2 to 10 4 M) of inorganic metal
    salts are used and hydrolysis is carried out at rather higher temperatures than 150 ı C.

    Fig. 4.32 Photograph of an autoclave set up

    You might also like