UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD

Institute of Agriculture Extension, Education and Rural Development

Synopsis for the Degree of M.Phil. Education
Title: The role of nutrition in cognitive development in primary schools level tehsil
Jhumra district Faisalabad

Name of Students : Taziba Altaf

Registration No. : 2019-ag-1238

Abstract
Adequate nutrition removes health problems and health issues but as well it flourish the
external physic and body structure. Obesity and overweight among young population are
becoming health issues globally. Most of the students of present era never focus on eating
the things which improve their physical and cognitive health. The disorders of nutrition
rules are correlated with serious unhealthy outcomes like obesity at late ages, diabetes
mellitus, high blood pressures and heart attacks. The aim of this study will be to find out
the impact of best nutrition diet on students academic achievements. The study will be
helpful to overcome the eating of unhygienic food. The students face many difficulties
before and during educational sessions due to lack of eating healthy diet. There are 54
primary schools in Tehsil Jhumra. In these schools 271 teachers are working and these
271 teachers will be considered as population. Simple random sampling will be used for
the selection of sample. The sample size is 114 teachers through online available software
i.e; www.surveysystem.com with confidence interval 7% and confidence level 95%. A
well planned questionnaire for quantitative data collection. Statistical package for social
sciences (SPSS) will be used to generate means; standard deviation, and frequencies for
variables that will be incorporated in results and discussions.

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 UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD
Institute of Agriculture Extension, Education and Rural Development
Synopsis for the Degree of M.Phil. Education
Title: The role of nutrition in cognitive development in primary schools level tehsil
Jhumra district Faisalabad

I. Date of Admission : 26-09-2019

a) Time of Initiation : 21-02-2020
b) Probable Duration : 6 Months
II. PERSONNEL
a. Name of Student : Taziba Altaf
b. Registration Number : 2019-ag-1238
III. SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE
i. Dr. Aqela Saghir : (Chairman)
ii. Dr. Babar Shahbaz : (Member)
iii. Dr.M. Zafar Iqbal : (Member)
IV. INTRODUCTION
Nutrients mean the most basic elements of food that are essential for the maintenance of
health. The nutrition provide the knowledge about the correct quantity of any nutrition
found in any food. Nutrition also provide the information about the adequate use of
nutrients according to the demands of physical and mental health. The knowledge related
to the basic nutrients able the people to eat balance diet at the right time in which all
necessary nutrients are found such as carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals
and water (Zachary, 2017).
Nutrients are known as the necessary chemical compounds present in the food that make
the function of body proper and active. Nutrients provide the nourishment to the body
parts of human beings. Nutrients also considered the molecules of food that maintain the
energy level and develop the reproduction system of human body. For the proper
development of body human body needs nutrients badly. The knowledge related to the

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importance of nutrients, its function in the human body and its link with the flourishing of
health called the nutrition (Sundra, 2007).
The organic and inorganic characteristics of food that are part and parcel for the
development of body cells known as nutrients. The basic source of attaining best
nutrients is to eat healthy food which have all constituents of nutrients.The method
through which nutrients are attained through different healthy sources are known as
nutrition. The process in which body organs change and absorb the different crucial
nutrient in the cell of body is called nutrition (World health organization, 2010).
Good nutrition and diet is completely different from each other in some aspects as
nutrition is the food which is taken in daily routines by the human beings for the survival
and increasing of energy level. Diet is the sub part of nutrition but both provide protein,
carbohydrates and other healthy fibre with healthy fats. In good nutrition best diet is
including as the nutrition provide healthy nutrients and in diet several unhealthy
consumptions became reduced from the body (Marget, 2010).
Healthy nutrition endure students with strong work orientation, greater participation in
the class activities , higher educational dreams, positive feelings for education, quality
time spent on study, more positive academic-concepts. Research suggested that success
is the result of persistence and persistence comes when students have health
security and healthy diet. The home environment provides most well-known frame and
features for healthy nutrition diet for the individuals live, study and work. In soul,
personal hygienic activities with eating healthy things provide a framework approach that
vigilantly portrays the multi layered condition in which singular practice of healthy
activities happen (Larson and Daurte, 2020).
Healthy nutrition and healthy diet are the practice being done by individual to keep him/
her healthy that brings the feeling of security during the whole life. Best nutrition make
the mind fresh and sharp that also makes the learning hours of students prosperous and
successful. The healthy happy and secure in school and specifically in learning procedure
that is possible when students eat healthy nutrition. Consequently, they get kind of
courage and motivation to participate in academic activities and to show interest in
school and studies. Best nutrition affect student’s academic achievement in different
ways in different aspects. Practice of eating healthy diet have a strong and long time

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positive impact on the present and future of the students’ performance in school and in
practical life (Peltzer and Pengpid, 2011).
Eating of healthy food is considered as the essential part of human life as it provides the
basic path for staying healthy. Now it becomes necessary to understand the importance of
staying healthy by adopting healthy activities. The application of proper and adequate
nutrition provides confidence, dignity and comfort to everyone in the society. Highly
possible nutrition makes all societies safe and secure in the sense of better health and
hygienic. It controls the spreading of communication diseases in the society that will
surely and necessarily create good image for the other surrounding societies (Shinder and
Dyer, 2012).
Adequate nutrition has several benefits in the healthy life of human beings as all
components of personal hygiene never generate the unhygienic infections. Proper
nutrition also regulate the natural secretions in smooth way that is essential for the
removal of cross infection. Best nutrition is the most important in all hygienic activities
as it enters the infectious virus in the internal body of living organism. Healthy nutrition
removes the dangerous decaying of human health and produce healthy organic secretions
for better work of human regulatory system (Janik, 2012).
Seeing a doctor regularly and eat healthy diet is also a main component of adequate
nutrition. Nutrition is related to save the humanity from several epidemics and dangerous
viruses such gastro intestinal and respiratory infections. In school going student’s
morbidity and mortality of infections is not important but these diseases cost absenteeism
that affect academic performance. Knowledge about different healthy diet is considered
key elements while choosing a healthy life. Lack of knowledge about proper intake and
other physical activities of changes the perception of appropriate living style. Persistent
physical practices have strong linkage in predisposing heart-oriented diseases among
students (Olawale and Otalungi, 2014).
Home and school is place which give training to youngsters as well as learning condition.
In Pakistan there are two division of residence majority of the individuals are living in the
rustic zone while on the other hand some people are also lived in the urban territories
however the level of the individuals who are living in the urban area. So, the people who
are living in the urban areas they have more awareness about the taking of best nutrition

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while on the other hand the people who are living in the rural area they have less
knowledge and awareness about hygiene food (Kumar, 2015).
Persistent eating healthy diet practices have positive linkage in predisposing heart-
oriented diseases among students. World Health Organization explains adequate nutrition
as “comerstone of good health”. Eating healthy diet and physical activities provide much
help in avoidance of obesity in and illegal unhealthy activities. At the growing stage
students require proper diet, physical activities, proper guidance, adequate sleeping time
and adoption of best living rules. It is evident from literature that poor, inadequate and
unhealthy eating activities hinders physical and mental growth (Joytria, 2017).

Healthy life style and intake of balance diet, cleanliness of hands and clothes,
management of outdoor activities and use of different places effect the health of
individuals. For the fulfillment of health requirements adoption of habit of eating good
diet are crucial. Good nutrition habits can lead everyone to health-related confirmation
and save them from several diseases especially at adulthood and childhood (Curtis et al.,
2019).

Healthy nutrition endure students with strong work orientation, greater participation in
the class activities , higher educational dreams, positive feelings for education, quality
time spent on study, more positive academic-concepts. Research suggested that
success is the result of persistence and persistence comes when students have
health security and healthy diet. The home environment provides most well-known
frame and features of for healthy nutrition diet for the individuals live, study and work. In
soul, personal hygienic activities with eating healthy things provide a framework
approach that cautiously portrays the multi layered condition in which singular practice
of healthy activities happen (Larson and Daurte, 2020).

In the modern era students are mostly eager to eat junk and fast food that only fill their
stomach but never provide any good health status. Various diseases and virus are
spreading which become alarming for the health of human beings. In this time it become
crucial for the spreading of knowledge about the best nutrition to the students. The habits
of eating good and adequate nutrition is part and parcel for health so that immune system
of students become strong.

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Specific objectives

The specific objectives of the study are:

1 To identify the demographic characteristics of respondents.
2 To study the diseases due to poor nutrition.
3 To find out the problems and issues due to unhealthy diet.
4 To find out the relationship of healthy nutrition with cognitive development and
progress of students.
5 To compile suggestions on the basis of research and findings for future studies.
V. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Amin and Omri (2010) narrated that the practices of eating healthy diet create the
comfortable situation for the students because it enhances the learning abilities of
students. Many students want to adorn themselves with the learning abilities and skills for
the better application of present resources in the learning process in their significant
subjects. The alteration in the behaviour of students with the help of good diet enhance
the personality changes of students. It remove the anxiety and problematic disorders in
the students because students can get the cognitive solutions at once.
Katty Jones (2010) explained that students belonging to low knowledge hygienic
nutrition and low participation in eating hygienic meal achieve low score and perform the
natural skills slowly and are facing difficulties in their education carrier. Attitude
regarding the attaining of healthy nutrition courses are responsible for supporting the
students education. Family’s assets, status and quality of hygienic diet education of
students are directly proportional to each other and are influential factors. The academic
results of students, who belong to different families shows different results, although they
are taught in the same class. It is the teacher who removes the problems of a student and
use appropriate techniques for educational development of students by giving them the
knowledge of hygienic attitude related to nutrition.
Humagain (2011) explored that there is a strong positive relation between the healthy diet
receive by the students and the educational score at the secondary school level. It has
been noted that a moderate relationship exist between three variables attitude, educational
level and practices of healthy eating habits of students. It was also found up to O-level in
school that position of student with adequate hygienic attitude has an important impact on

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the results of the students. Community and commercial level has a critical role in the
spreading of eating attitude in the educational developments of the students. No doubt,
school achievements are quite important for students’ academic achievements, but
sociable eating activities of the students as well as family background is important
significance.
Alam (2012) narrated that parents’ sources have an important role to play in the attaining
of nutrition to their children. The result has been concluded from research that
availability of meal resources is linked with mental and physical abilities generally
academic results depends on parents’ background in a different way. Parents with high
hygienic eating attitude provide better facilities and sources to their children for better
learning and outcomes. They are able to provide a good atmosphere at home for cognitive
learning and development. Furthermore the student belonging to high healthy eating
status has more chances to enrol in good hygienic activities.
Happle and Probart (2013) explored that the practice of best nutrition habits that
intellectually motivates the students towards school work. Hygienic food effects the
efficiency and productive ability of students that make the study easy for the learners.
Progress of hygienic diet concentrates on the way of long term goals for the satisfactory
work of students. Many students have the stress of being not quick access to the
instructional tools that greatly affect their educational achievements. Good health rise the
students with the clarification of new educational ideas. In the long period it even plans
the future of students by absorption of healthy activities.
Junde (2014) suggested that trained the students by providing instructions about taking
hygienic nutrition that will surely develop the collaboration among the students of all
societies. The students showed better learning outcomes as compare to the students who
mostly ignore the hygienic nutrition. Any guidance for only ten minutes on collaborative
activities and its proper ways also increase the habit of eating healthy diet in the form of
groups. As this, in other study, utilizing hundred minutes to preparing the students for the
transaction of communication to increase the information about the hygienic food
importance in practical life. Their outcomes indicated that group of trained students beat
and showed better transitive communication rather than untrained students regarding the
hygiene diet importance.

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Al- Nakeeb (2014) illustrated that mostly boarding students stay away from their homes
and are not having direct supervision of their parents consume few quantities natural
foods and meat is also injurious for the hygiene. Acquiring appropriate hygienic habits
and a sufficient level of physical exercise are well recognized to be the best way in
reducing chances of cardiac issues. Diet containing a lot of cereals, greens, flesh and least
cholesterol, sugar, sweets and salt is us. Use of clean undergarments is also a component
of personal cleanliness that involves skin care to wear neat and clean clothes after ironed
reduced the risk of skin infections most importantly scabies. In female student menstrual
hygiene is very important component of personal hygiene, great menstrual cleanliness
lessens the danger of regenerative tract infections use of commercial products further
decreases the incidence of urinary tract infections.

Bozlar and Cansel (2016) summarized the lifestyle and dietary habits of undergraduate
students in northern Italy in a study. Authors have administered a questionnaire among
228 undergraduate students attending University of Ferrara. data, food frequency, food
types, consumption habits and body weight perception. Results of this study have shown
that students leaving alone have modified dietary plans as compared to one’s living with
their families. Authors have concluded that students leaving alone experience more
difficulties in adapting healthy lifestyle.

Joytria (2017) explained that eating routines and exercise promotes health status of young
generation were recorded in a survey type study. Dietary habits and physical activity
levels of participants were evaluated. It was found that participant’s food was not proper
than the recommend values. It was observed that women were using diet that is deficient
of proteins, fats and calcium but overall energy intake was higher than the recommended
values.
Abraham et al. (2018) said that education in Pakistan is considered the basic and
important need for every individual. Due to the education the challenges of the modern
world and objectives prosperous life can be easily achieved. Eating of best hygienic and
adequate nutrition rate 58% is yet less/low in Pakistan which is alarming situation and out
of these 22% of children do not eat adequate diet and adopt the hygienic activities in their
daily routine life. About 50% students of 5th class can’t know the basic importance of
good and healthy nutrition. Also 48% fathers and 24% mothers have some hygienic

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knowledge and try to apply this education in the bringing up of their children. For
improvement of structures and development, the importance of sources is significant. In
the last many years 2% GDP is earmarked for the above purpose, which is very less to
defend target and achieving goals as narrated above.
Bastos (2019) found that taking of healthy food status of students is an important and
core issue which is necessary for the students’ success. The study needed to investigate
the influence of knowledge of healthy eating activities status for students’ learning.
Today our society is facing many social and health issues which mostly deteriorate the
educational quality of society. Those students who have poor family background have
fewer opportunities to eat the healthy food and apply healthy activities in their daily
routine life that not only slow down the health rate but negatively affect the educational
activities. Investment and social position of parents is important for the effective learning
of children by the applying of some necessary rule and attitude of nutrition.
Yusriani and Kurniawan (2019) said that through best nutrition effect students’ thinking,
learning abilities and learning attitudes positively and negatively. In primary and
secondary institutions some students are conscious about hygienic activities and have a
sense of healthy life before trying anything not good for health. Parents provide good
food and healthy eating resources to their children for remarkable learning to enhance
their interest and confidence in difficult subjects. Even hygienic food fills the holes of
learning that cannot be filled by utilizing skills of critical thinking needed to give
explanations to the class fellows.
Akram and Khan (2010) explained that the taking of best nutrients and healthy diet is the
process of removal the things that become the cause of diseases. The practice of eating
healthy food is crucial for human beings as breath is necessary for living. Best nutrition
diet make the people satisfied not only mentally but as well as physically. Nutrition has
great social impacts on the cognitive health of any student. The healthy eating habits of
persons represents the nature of cleanliness of any society, as it is vital to provide the
knowledge of personal hygiene so the whole society become healthy.

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VI. METHODOLOGY
The present study entitled’’The role of nutrition in cognitive development in primary
schools level tehsil Jhumra district Faisalabad’’. This study will be descriptive in nature
and survey method will be used. There are 54 primary schools in Tehseel Jhumra. There
are 54 primary schools in Tehseel Jhumra. In these schools 271 teachers are working and
these 271 teachers will be considered as population. Simple random sampling will be
used for the selection of sample. The sample size of 114 teachers will be drawn through
online available software i.e; www.surveysystem.com with confidence interval 7% and
confidence level 95%. A well planned questionnaire for quantitative data collected will
be designed after the deep study of literature. The respondents of the present study will be
asked to give their opinion on a five Likert scale. Statistical package for social sciences
(SPSS) will be used to generate means; standard deviation, and frequencies for variables
that will be incorporated in results and discussions.

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VII. REFERENCES

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knowledge of nutritional requirements. J. Nutr. Hum. He. 21:13-17.

Akram, M. and F.J. Khan.2010. Healthcare services and government spending in

Pakistan. Islamabad, Pak. Inst. Develop. Econ. 4:32-37.

Al- Nakeeb, Y. 2014. A cluster analysis of lifestyle and health habits of youth from two
geographically and culturally diverse countries. Op. J. Prev. Medi. 4:193-203.

Alam, P. 2012. Nutritional status and eating practices among university students in
selected universities in Selangor, Malaysia. Asian J. Clin. Nutr. 43:77-87.

Amin, T. T. and M. K. Omri. 2010. Oral hygiene practices, dental knowledge, dietry
habits and their relation to caries among primary school children. Int. J. Dent. 52:
361-365.

Bastos, T. S. 2019. A study of the impacts of health education imparted to school

children on their knowledge, attitude and practice regard to personal hygiene. Int.
Jour. Publ. Hlth. 2: 87-92.

Bozlar, V. and A. Cansel. 2016. Healthy Life Style Behaviors of University students of
School of Physical Education and Sports in Terms of Body Mass Index and Other
Variables. Uni. J. Edu. Res. 4:1189-1195.

Curtis, V. A., L.O. Danquah and R.V. Aunger. 2019. Planned, motivated and habitual
hygiene behavior: an eleven country review. Heal. Edu. Res. 24:655-673.

Happle, I. and C. Probart. 2013. Food safety knowledge, perceptions and behavior among
middle school students. J. Edu. Beh. 3: 71-76.

Humagain, M. 2011. Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about oral
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Janik, L. 2012. The impacts of cleanliness on learning in higher education. J. Clean.Serv.

1:1-98.

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Joytria, P. 2017. Assessment of need of effective health education program for
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Junde, P. B. 2014. Personal hygiene determines health: Study amongst school children in
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Katty Jones, G. 2010. Poor hygiene practice may impede academic performance of
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Kumar, K. S. 2015. Knowledge of personal hygiene and water borne disease and practice
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Larson, E. and C. G. Daurte. 2020. Personal and home hygiene practices and infectious
diseases symptoms among household members. J. Pub. Heal. 1:116-127.

Marget, M. 2010.The difference between diet and nutrition. Int. J. Psy. Hea. 56-98.

Olawale, O. J. and I. A. Otalungi. 2014. Knowledge and attitude of people on daily

preventive programs in Osun State Nigeria. J. sci. Edu. 4:137-149.

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Shinder, F. S. and L. L. Dyer. 2012. Reduction of illness absenteeism in elementary

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Sundra, B. 2007. Towards healthy diet: from nutrition recommendations to dietary

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Yusriani, S. and D. Kurniawan. 2019. The Influence of Personal Hygiene and Healthy
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