Activity No.6: Em-Soc 1-Philippine History and Government

ACTIVITY NO.
6
EM-SOC 1- PHILIPPINE HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
AUG.5, 2021
A. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER:
CHAPTER 15-THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES AS A SOVEREIGN NATION
1. Who served as President of the Philippines upon the restoration of the

Commonwealth government?
 Senate President Manuel L. Quezon were elected as president upon the restoration of the
Commonwealth Government.
2.Who was the last President of the Commonwealth?

 Manuel A. Roxas was the last president of the Commonwealth and the first president of the Republic of
the Philippines.
3. Enumerate the various problems besetting our country after World War II?
 One of the most serious problems was the peace and order issue which came to escalate because of the
agrarian unrest in Central Luzon and the existence of armed dissidents, especially in the rural area.
 The financial condition because the Philippine economy was virtually destroyed by the war.
 Third problem was the acute shortage of fruit stuffs, consumer goods and construction materials.
 The other problem that needed attention was the rehabilitation of schools, hospitals, churches,
government buildings, roads and bridges that were destroyed during the war.
 The unemployment and underemployment problems affect the lives of many Filipinos because of a
malfunctioning economic system.
4. What was the worst political problem of the Roxas administration?

 The sharp and constant fighting of HUKs and Military Police brought havoc on the agricultural
economy of Central Luzon. Frequent and sharp clash between them occurred in Central Luzon. The
serious condition reached it’s climax when April 28, 1949, Mrs. Aurora Aragon Quezon, the wife of the
late president Quezon, her daughter, Baby and other members of the group were ambushed and shot to
death mercilessly in Bongabon, Nueva Ecija.
5. How did the Hukbalahap movement start? What were the factors that contributed
to its support?
* The military aim was to harass the Japanese. With the policies laid down, the peasant leaders met and
discussed the possible problems of the government and thereafter, unanimously agreed to call it Hukbo ng
Bayan Laban sa Hapon of HUKBALAHAP. The high command of the movement imposed an iron discipline on
its members. The unity and discipline of men and women under HUKBALAHAP made Central Luzon and a
few provinces a HUK territory.
CHAPTER 16-MARTIAL LAW AND THE NEW SOCIETY
1. What are the grounds that can be considered to declare Martial law?
 On Article VII, Section 10, of the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines provides that the President shall
be the Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Philippines and whenever it becomes necessary,
he may call out such armed forces to prevent of suppress lawless violence, invasion, insurrection, or
rebellion, when the public safety requires it, he may, suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
or place he Philippines or any part thereof under Martial Law.
2. What are the rights of the citizen that may be violated during Martial law?
 The human rights violations were categorized as follows

o Arrest/Detention
o Death in evacuations
o Demolition
o Destruction of property
o Disappearance
o Divestment of property
o Evacuation
o Fake/forced surrender
o Frustrated massacre
o Frustrated salvaging
o Hamletting
o Harassment
o Massacre
o Other woundings/frustrated killings
o Physical assault
o Salvaging
o Violent Dispersal
3. Enumerate the govt reforms made by President Marcos under the Martial Law.
 The reforms he conceived and instituted for his New Society was anchored on seven areas with the
acronym PLEDGES with the underlying programs of governance, as follows:
 P- Peace and Order

 L-Land Reform
 E-Economic Development
 D-Development of Moral Values
 G-Government Reforms
 E-Educational Reforms
 S-Social Services
4. What do you consider the best reform made by the Marcos govt under Martial
Law?
 The best reform for me is the Economic Development. He has various infrastructure projects that can
really help the country at that time and, we use in the present like Highways, Trains etc. If not for his
economic development reform, we would not be using those infrastructures and we would have a hard
time building new ones for we are a 3 rd world country. The best thing to do right now is to continue his
plans for our economic development.
5. What do you think are the contributions of Martial Law that are worth
remembering, if there are any?
 The Miss Universe Pageant in the Philippines. What I like in this happening is the country was open to
the whole world being competitive in tourism.
CHAPTER 17- RESTORATION OF DEMOCRACY AND POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION
1. What is democracy?
 Democracy is government in which power and civic responsibility are exercised by all adult citizens,
directly, or through their freely elected representatives. Democracy rests upon the principles of majority
rule and individual rights.
2. What is the freedom constitution of President Corazon C. Aquino? Enumerate its

important features.
 It abolished certain constitutional positions. The Freedom Constitution dissolved the Batasang Pambansa
and the position of prime minister.
 It granted almost absolute powers to the President. The temporary constitution granted the President
both executive and legislative powers. It also empowered the President to remove all appointees and
elective officials and to appoint their replacements.
 It was a temporary constitution. The Freedom constitution was not intended to be permanent. In fact, it
provided for the creation of a Constitutional Commission that would draft a new constitution.
3. What is the significant achievement of the Aquino administration?

 Corazon Aquino led the country’s difficult transition from dictatorship to democracy. After re-
establishing the democratic institutions, her administrations made them work, bringing about substantive
economic and social reforms.
4. Enumerate the most important achievement of the Ramos Administration?
 Founded the Partido Lakas Tao (People Power Party) espousing his long-held political doctrine of
people empowerment
 Environment and Natural Resources Pursued Economic Growth Within the Framework of Sustainable
Development
 Implemented Waste Disposal Projects
 Intensified clean Air Campaign
 Rehabilitated and Protected Major Bodies of Water
 Implemented Clean and Green program
 Strengthened Environmental Impact Statement System
 Closed down Establishments Violating Pollution
 Developed Smokey Mountain
 Adopted New Concept and Measures to Protect the Environment
 Imposed Emission and Effluent Charges
 Adopted Color-Coding for Industrial Firms.
 Comprehensive Ecological Labelling Project
 Banned Entry of Toxic Wastes
5. What do you think should be the most important qualifications of a candidate for
the president in any country? Explain your answer.
 For me a candidate for presidency must have a :
- A strong vision and a good plan for the country’s future
- Has sense in humanity
- Effective communication skills
- Crisis management skills
- Ability to work with people around him/her
These are just samples that I think a candidate should have. He or she should be brave enough to face
the country’s problems and have a humane solution. No perfect president exists but if a good leader
governs the country, it will have a good run.

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ACTIVITY NO.

CHAPTER 15-THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES AS A SOVEREIGN NATION

1. Who served as President of the Philippines upon the restoration of the

2.Who was the last President of the Commonwealth?

4. What was the worst political problem of the Roxas administration?

 P- Peace and Order

2. What is the freedom constitution of President Corazon C. Aquino? Enumerate its

3. What is the significant achievement of the Aquino administration?

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