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Moment of Inertia - Study Materials
Moment of Inertia
Moment of Inertia: Moment of inertia of a plane figure is generally

called as area moment of inertia. In SI system of
units, units of area moment of inertia are mm4,
cm4. The moment of inertia is denoted by I and
causes with it the symbol of the axes about
which it is calculated. Thus the moment of
inertia about an axis AB is denoted by IAB. The
We have measured the moment of a force moment of inertia about centroidal axes is
about a point as the product of its magnitude denoted by Ixx and Iyy.
and the perpendicular distance between the line The moment of inertia of simple and composite
of action of the force and the point about which plane figure are determined separately. The M.I.
the force causing rotation. of simple plane figures are determined by the
Referring the figure M, the moment of the method of integration and the M.I. of composite
force F about O, an AB axis, plane figures are determined by applying the
Mo = F x x theorems of moment of inertia.
This moment is also called as the first moment
of the force about O. Parallel axis theorem:
Let is be MO1 It states that “the moment of inertia of a lamina
If this moment is again multiplied by X, then about any axis in the plane of lamina is equal to
we get the moment of moment of the force, or the sum of the moment of inertia about a
second moment of the force. Let it be MO2. The parallel centroidal axis in the plane of lamina
second moment of the force, MO2, is also called and the product of the area of the lamina and
as the Moment of inertia. square of the distance between the two axes.
Moment of inertia = First moment x
MO2 Distance Perpendicular Axis theorem:
It states that “if Iox and Ioy be the moment of
= MO1 XX inertia of a lamina about two mutually
perpendicular axes and OX and OY in the plane
= (FXX) X X
of the lamina and Ioz be the moment of inertia of
= FX2 the lamina about an axis normal to the lamina
and passing through the point of intersection of
the axes OX and OY, then
The moment of inertia is briefly written as M.I. Ioz = Iox + Ioy
and denoted by the symbol I.
M.I. of common simple plane figures.
Moment of Inertia of plane figures:
1
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S.No Name Ixx Iyy In general, the polar moment of inertia is equal
to the sum of area of moments of inertia about
1. Rectangle 𝑏ℎ3 ℎ𝑏 3 any two mutually perpendicular axes in its plane
12 12 and intersecting on the polar axis.
2. Hollow 1 1
𝐵𝐻3 𝐻𝐵3 Radius of Gyration:
Rectangle 12 12
Radius of gyration (also called as radius of
− 𝑏ℎ3 − ℎ𝑏 3
rotation) about an axis is defined as the distance
3. Square 𝑎4 𝑎4 from that axis at which all the elemental parts of
12 12 the lamina would have to be placed, such that th
moment of inertia about the axis is same. We
4. Hollow Square 1 1 known area moment of inertia,
𝐴4 𝐴4
12 12 I = area x distance2
− 𝑎4 − 𝑎4 1
i.e I = Ar2 or r = 𝐴
5. Triangle 𝑏ℎ3 ℎ𝑏 3
where „r‟ is the radius of gyration and A is the
36 48
area of the section.
6. Circle 𝜋𝑑4 𝜋𝑑 4 Hence, radius of gyration about XX axis,
64 64 𝐼𝑥𝑥
rxx = and
𝐴
7. Hollow Circle 𝜋 𝜋 about yy axis
𝐷4 𝐷4
64 64 𝐼𝑦𝑦
− 𝑑4 − 𝑑4 ryy = 𝐴
Radius of Gyration – Standard results.
8. Semi Circle 0.0068d4 𝜋𝑑 4
128
1. Rectangular section
4 4 ℎ
9. Quadrant 0.055r 0.55r rxx = 12
𝑏
ryy = 12
Polar moment of inertia: 2. Circular section

The area moment of inertia (ie. M.I. of plane 𝑑
rxx = ryy = 4
figures) for an area relative to an axis
perpendicular to the plane of the area is called
3. Triangular section
the polar moment of inertia. It is denoted by IP. ℎ
Mathematically, Ip = Ixx + Iyy rxx = 18
Where Ixx and Iyy are the M.I. of the plane figure 6
ryy = 24
about its centroidal axes.
4. Square section
2
𝑎
rxx= ryy = Kinematics is the study of motion of a moving
12
body without considering the forces which
Unit of radius of gyration is mm.
cause the motion and kinetics is the study of
The radius of gyration of a composite plane
motion of a moving body with also considering
area about an axis is not equal to the sum of the
the external forces which cause the motion.
radii of gyration of the individual components
about the same axis.
Types of plane motion:
1. Rectilinear motion
Principal Moment of Inertia.
2. Curvilinear motion
The perpendicular axes about which product of
inertia is zero are called “Principal axes” and the
The motion of a particle along a straight line is
moments of inertia with respect to these axes are
known as rectilinear motion (or straight line
called as principal moments of inertia.
motion).
Among two values of moments of inertia about
the set of principal axes. One will be maximum Example :
and the other will be minimum. The maximum A car moving on a straight road.
A stone falling vertically downward.
moment of inertia is known as Major principal
moment of inertia and the minimum moment of A ball thrown vertically upward, etc.
inertia is known as Minor principal moment of
The motion of a particle along a curved path is
inertia.
known as curvilinear motion.
Mass moment of inertia:
The moment of inertia of solid figure is Characteristics of kinematics;
The study of kinematics is concerned with the
generally referred as “Mass moment of inertia”.
relations among the displacement, velocity,
It is denoted by the symbol (I)mass or Simply Im.
acceleration and time for a moving particle.
Kinematics of particles:
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Moment of Inertia - Study Materials

Moment of Inertia: Moment of inertia of a plane figure is generally

Polar moment of inertia: 2. Circular section

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