PsychoLit Aldimastia S. 180705046

Name: Aldimastia Syahputra Siregar
Nim : 180705046
English Literature’18 B
ASSIGNMENT 3
1. Personality is comprised of the trademark examples of contemplations, sentiments and

conduct of a person. These ascribes make an individual special. Character begins inside the
individual and remains genuinely reliable all through life. As indicated by McClelland,
"Character is the most sufficient conceptualisation of a person's conduct with every one of its
subtleties, which the researcher can give in a second."
2. The self-concept is an information portrayal that contains information about us, including our
convictions about our character attributes, actual qualities, capacities, qualities, objectives, and
parts, just as the information that we exist as people. Our actual qualities are imperative to our
self-idea since we understand that others use them to pass judgment on us. Individuals regularly
list the actual qualities that make them not quite the same as others in one or the other positive or
negative ways, to some degree since they comprehend that these attributes are striking and in this
manner prone to be utilized by others when passing judgment on them.
3. Primary conceptual differences between traits and values.
 Traits can include strengths as well as weaknesses whereas values are always good
qualities within an individuals.
 Traits are something we all are born with . We can't acquire traits. But values are not
inborn .
 We acquire the values from the environment . Traits cannot be acquired from others . We
develop traits at our own.
 Traits are relatively permanent , very slow even if they change. Values undergo changes
as per age, time,place or need . Values have a dynamic nature .
 Traits are description of one's complete personality . Values are a part of personality .
4. Neuroticism
Neuroticism is a trait characterized by sadness, moodiness, and emotional instability. Individuals
who are high in this trait tend to experience mood swings, anxiety, irritability, and sadness.
Those low in this trait tend to be more stable and emotionally resilient.
High
 Experiences a lot of stress
 Worries about many different things
 Gets upset easily
 Experiences dramatic shifts in mood
 Feels anxious
 Struggles to bounce back after stressful events
Low
 Emotionally stable
 Deals well with stress
 Rarely feels sad or depressed
 Doesn't worry much
 Is very relaxed
5.
 Extraversion includes traits like being sociable, talkative, gregarious, assertive,
active, ambitious and expressive (Barrick& Mount, 1991). They have a strong desire
for praise, social recognition, status and power. Extraversion is associated with adjective
traits such as talkative, sociable, passionate, bold, and dominant (Colquitt, 2009).
Extraversion is marked by noticeable engagement with the external world. Extraverts
enjoy being with people. They are full of energy and often experience positive emotions.
They tend to be action-oriented, assertive and enthusiastic individuals who are likely
to say yes to opportunities for excitement. In groups they like to talk a lot, assert
themselves, and draw attention to themselves.
 Neuroticism (polar opposite of emotional stability) includes traits like being
anxious, depressed, emotional, angry, embarrassed, worried, and insecure (Barrick&
Mount, 1991). Neurotic individuals are limited in social skills and avoids situations that
demand for taking control. Neuroticism has to do with traits like bring nervous, moody,
emotional, insecure, and unstable. (Colquitt, 2009).
6. Personality is an abstraction used to describe and explain the coherent patterning over time
and space of affects, cognitions, desires and the resulting behaviors that an individual
experiences and expresses. People differ from themselves on a moment to moment basis in that
they do not think, feel or act the same all the time. They change in their feelings, in their
thoughts, in their desires and in their actions. To not change in response to a situation is
maladaptive. A primary level of analysis of personality examines the patterning of ways in which
people change. To observers, the dynamic stream of feelings, thoughts, motives and behavior
show a unique temporal signature for each individual.
The three levels are :
 Dispositional traits, a person's general tendencies. For example, the Big Five
personality traits lists: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness,
Neuroticism.
 Characteristic adaptations, a person's desires, beliefs, concerns, and coping
mechanisms.
 Life stories, the stories that give a life a sense of unity, meaning, and purpose. This is
known as Narrative identity.
7. Superego, in the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud, the latest developing of three
agencies (with the id and ego) of the human personality. The superego is the ethical component
of the personality and provides the moral standards by which the ego operates. The superego’s
criticisms, prohibitions, and inhibitions form a person’s conscience, and its positive aspirations
and ideals represent one’s idealized self-image, or “ego ideal.” The superego develops during the
first five years of life in response to parental punishment and approval. This development occurs
as a result of the child’s internalization of his parents’ moral standards, a process greatly aided
by a tendency to identify with the parents. The developing superego absorbs the traditions of the
family and the surrounding society and serves to control aggressive or other socially
unacceptable impulses. Violation of the superego’s standards results in feelings of guilt or
anxiety and a need to atone for one’s actions. The superego continues to develop into young
adulthood as a person encounters other admired role models and copes with the rules and
regulations of the larger society.

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PsychoLit Aldimastia S. 180705046

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Name: Aldimastia Syahputra Siregar

1. Personality is comprised of the trademark examples of contemplations, sentiments and

3. Primary conceptual differences between traits and values.

The three levels are :

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