INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION OF CREW ON BOARD VESSEL

A Thesis

Presented to

The Faculty of the Marine Engineering Department

Cebu Technological University

Carmen Campus

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree Bachelor of Science

In Marine Engineering

by Engine Cadets:

E/C Vincent M. Gomez

E/C Vergel P. Artiaga E/C Romeo C. Cañada Jr.

E/C Kenneth S. Clavecillas E/C Albert S. Jagasijas

E/C Ronel M. Jugan E/C Jason G. Magno

E/C Eddie V. Restauro Jr.

April 2018
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION OF CREW ON

BOARD VESSEL, prepared and submitted by GOMEZ et al. in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for English 4 (Research and Thesis Writing) has been
examined and recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL DEFENSE.

THE THESIS COMMITTEE

EMARDY T. BARBECHO, MAEd.ELT ADOR R.PEPITO, M.Sci.

Adviser Chairman R and D

NATHANIEL G. GIDO, Ed.D. JOSHLEN C. BACLAYON, MAEd.

Member Member

ROSIE A. MENDOZA, M.A.Lit.

Member

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with the grade of PASSED.

EMARDY T. BARBECHO, MAEd.ELT ADOR R.PEPITO, M.Sci.

Adviser Chairman, R and D

NATHANIEL G. GIDO, Ed.D. JOSHLEN C. BACLAYON, MAEd.

Member Member

ROSIE A. MENDOZA, M.A.Lit.

Member

Approved and accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering.

ENGR. DIONE A. BARING GLORIA G. DELAN, M.Sci., Ed.D.

Chairperson, BSMar.E. Dept. VP for R & D- OIC Campus Director

ii
 ABSTRACT

Good intrapersonal communication is significant for crew onboard vessels.

It is essential onboard because it is a big factor influencing the safety of the

environment, vessels and crew. It would seem that the standard of English of

some seafarers is so bad that they have difficulty communicating not only

between themselves but also with agencies outside the ship. So the aim of the

IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) is to get round the

problem of language barriers at sea and avoid those misunderstandings which

can cause accidents. According to Catherine Logie (2007) that successful

teamwork depends on good communication: misunderstandings are often

attributed to difficulties communicating in a common language.

In this study, the researchers used the Qualitative Method.The informants

of this study were the trainees of Cebu Reliable Excellent Seafarers Training

Center at the Cebu Technological University Carmen Campus. The procedure

utilized in the study is inductive approach which divided into three phases

specifically. It started in preparing the letter-request and formulation of the

research questionnaire, followed by the distribution and retrieval of the survey

questionnaire, and finally the tabulation and interpretation of the results.

Chapter 5 discusses about the findings and recommendations of the

study. The researcher have found out that effective communication is significant

because it is the ability to exchange thoughts and ideas clearly. It is the ability to

understand each other completely avoiding miscommunication. And also

communication is essential onboard because it is a big factor influencing the

iii
safety of the environment, vessels and crew.The IMO’s Standard Marine

Communication Phrases (SMCP) played a huge role in communicating between

seafarers especially in dealing with other nationalities.English is used as the

common language as means of communicating. The seafarers should adapt and

adjust to their fellow seafarers in order for the communication to be good and

effective. Appropriate knowledge about English language should be tested

especially in international in order to be able to interact with multinational and

multicultural seafarers avoiding the language barrier between them. Maritime

students should have course improving their knowledge in communicating in the

English language. Students should undergo social studies especially when it

comes to cultural diversity in order for them to be able to adjust and adapt in the

future to their fellow seafarers.

Keywords: Communication, English , language, intrapersonal communication

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We thank all who in one way or another contributed in the completion of

this thesis. We give thanks to the Almighty God for the strength and courage He

gave to complete this study.

We are so grateful to the Cebu Technological University Carmen Campus

for making it possible for us to study here. We give deep thanks to Gloria G.

Delan,the campus director, to Engr. Dione A. Baring, the chairman of marine

department, to its professors and lecturers, to the librarians, and other workers

of the faculty. The motivation for this study came when we were encouraged by

Emardy T. Barbecho. We have been much inspired by interaction with him and

our views and ideas have been enriched in completing this study.

We are also thankful to Cebu Reliable and Excellent Seafarers Training

Center Inc. and also to our informants.

We are indebted to the thesis committee: Joshlen C. Baclayon, Rosie A.

Mendoza, Ador R. Pepito, Dr. Nathaniel G. Gido, and the researcher’s adviser,

Emardy T. Barbecho in helping the researcher to complete this noble endeavour.

And also we thank our family who encouraged us and prayed for us throughout

the time of my research.

May the Almighty God richly bless all of you.

THE RESEARCHERS

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………………i

APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………………………………...ii

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………..iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………….v

LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………...ix

LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………….x

CHAPTER PAGES

1 THE PROBLEM………………………………………………………….….1

Introduction…………………………………………………..1

Conceptual Framework………………………………….... .3

Statement of Problem………………………………………6

Significance of the Study…………………………………...6

Scope and Limitations of the Study……………………….8

Definition of terms………………….………………………..9

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES……………..10

vi
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES…………...…..13

Research Method Used……………………………………13

Research Environment…………………………………….13

Research Informants……………………………………….14

Sources of Data……………………………………………..14

Data Gathering Procedures………………….…………….14

4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

OF DATA…………………………………………………….17

Significant of Statements…………………………………..17

The Process of Creating Formulated Meaning

from the Significant Statement…………………………….17

How the Theme was constructed from

Different Clusters of Themes………………………………17

The Final Thematic............................................................18

5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION

AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………................19

Summary of Findings……………………………………….19

vii
 Conclusion…………………………………………………...20

Recommendations………………………………………….20

Further Recommendations for

Future Research…………………………………………….20

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………….22

APPENDICES…...................................................................................25

Appendix A…………………………………………………..26

Appendix B…………………………………………………..27

Appendix C…………………………………………………..28

Appendix D…………………………………………………..31

Appendix E…………………………………………………..35

CURRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………..…….36

viii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Significant Statements

Table 2: The Process of Creating Formulated Meaning from the Significant

Statements

Table 3: How the first theme “Social Interaction” of crew was constructed from

different clusters of themes and formulated meanings

Table 4: The Final Thematic Map

ix
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Schematic Presentation of the Conceptual Framework of the Study

Figure 2. The Actual View of the Research Environment

Figure 3. Schematic Presentation of Data Gathering Procedure

x
 Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Effective communication is the ability to exchange thoughts and ideas

clearly. Good communication is a basic safety prerequisite to overall safe ship

management. Communication is essential onboard because it is a big factor

influencing the safety of the environment, vessels and crew. It would seem that

the standard of English of some seafarers is so bad that they have difficulty in

communicating. Misunderstandings are often attributed to difficulties

communicating in a common language.

According to Gillstrom (2015), stated that at sea, the situation is very different.

Your safety, along with crew and vessel, is dependent on how well people

communicate on the vessel. Using the perceived improper tone can easily lead to

mutiny. Appropriate communication on the vessel will not only make it safer and

maintain an amicable attitude amongst crew, but will also make daily life much

more pleasant. According to Anish (2017), stated that working on ships is a team

effort. A one-man-show cannot run the whole ship. In order to perform operations

smoothly and safety on board ships, good interpersonal relationship among

seafarers is a must. As the number of people on board ships is limited, there are

high chances of ego clashes and dissatisfaction among crew members. As

important it is to avoid politics on ships, equally important it is to enhance

1
interpersonal relationship between people on board to ensure that all jobs are

done smoothly and safety.

It is true that people with different ethnic backgrounds will use a different

language, have different ways of behavior, or of displaying emotions. This is in

their culture. Language is man's most effective medium of communication.

Language and cultural barrier would greatly affect the communication. And

miscommunication between crews would also affect the welfare of the ship and

crew. One of the major challenges aboard is to avoid misunderstandings due to

the language and cultural differences.

Addressing the problems of communication between multilingual and

multicultural ship crew members, and studying the problems that may arise due

to cross cultural differences are important aspects for consideration in any

education programs. In order to concentrate on this challenge, many studies are

improved in order to raise awareness on necessity of giving courses on

intercultural communication and developing maritime student’s social and

multicultural competence. Provide them with appropriate social and cultural

language to take for their workplace. This is a way of achieving successful

everyday communication and social interaction to fulfill their professional duty.

2
Conceptual Framework

The IMO issued a list of Standard Maritime Communication Phrases

(SMCP) in 2001. IMO's Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) was

adopted by the 22nd Assembly in November 2001 as resolution A.918 (22) IMO

Standard Marine Communication Phrases. This was designed to standardize

communication in key maritime areas, including health, safety, routine operations

and emergencies. The IMO has also issued an International Convention on

Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW)

requiring that crew, especially officers, should be able to operate in English and

use the Standard Marine Communication Phrases SMCP. The resolution adopts

the Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) and recommends a wide

circulation to all prospective users and all maritime education authorities.

The IMO SMCP replaces the Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary

(SMNV) adopted by IMO in 1977 (and amended in 1985). The SMNV was

developed for use by seafarers, following agreement that a common language -

namely English - should be established for navigational purposes where

language difficulties arise and the IMO SMCP has been developed as a more

comprehensive standardized safety language, taking into account changing

conditions in modern seafaring and covering all major safety-related verbal

communication.

The IMO SMCP includes phrases which have been developed to cover

the most important safety-related fields of verbal shore-to-ship (and vice-versa),

3
ship-to-ship and on-board communications. The aim is to get round the problem

of language barriers at sea and avoid misunderstandings which can cause

accidents. The IMO SMCP builds on a basic knowledge of English and has been

drafted in a simplified version of maritime English. It includes phrases for use in

routine situations such as berthing as well as standard phrases and responses

for use in emergency situations.

Under the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification

and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), 1978, as amended, the ability to

understand and use the SMCP is required for the certification of officers in

charge of a navigational watch on ships of 500 gross tonnage or above.

4
 IMO Standard Maritime Communication
Phrases (SMCP) 2001

SEAFARERS

INTRAPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION

PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS

Fig. 1 .Schematic Presentation of the Conceptual Framework of the Study

5
Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of this study is to document and investigate the

Intrapersonal Communication of Crew on board.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following queries to wit:

1. What is the significance of having good intrapersonal communication of

crew on board vessel?

2. Based on the findings of the study, what recommendation can be

proposed?

Significance of the Study

This study was conducted with the intention to provide information and

explanations about the intrapersonal communication of crew onboard vessel. The

importance of this study lies to the eventual presentation of data that seek to

answer the questions about effective communication of seafarers on board. The

findings of this research investigation would greatly benefit to the following

people who are in one way or another was concern of the student’s learning.

Maritime School. The findings of this research assist the school to be a

better university and a competent institution for maritime education worldwide.

Marine Engineering Department. Through this study, the Marine

Department of the institution will tend to encourage the students to enhance their

6
communicative skills especially in English. Moreover, it will provide them factual

information about the importance and advantages of having effective

communication on board vessel.

Shipping Industry. This study will benefit the shipping industry through

the knowledge of having good and effective communication on board vessel.

This study will also guide them.

Marine Engineering Apprentices. Through this study, the Marine

Engineering apprentices would be benefitted through informing them about the

importance of having effective intrapersonal communication of crew on board

vessel. They would also be guided about having effective intrapersonal

communication of crew on board vessel.

Marine Engineering students. The students would be benefitted by this

study through informing them about the importance of having effective

intrapersonal communication of crew on board vessel.

Researchers. Results of this study would benefit the researchers in a way

that they will be acknowledged and honored for giving the maritime students

factual and accurate information regarding the communication onboard vessel.

Future Researchers. They could utilize the result of this study as basis

for future research on similar problems.

7
Scope and Limitations of the Study

The scope of this study covered on the intrapersonal communication of

crews on board vessel. This study determined the collaborative opinions and

factual ideas of the maritime professionals about how intrapersonal

communication of crew on board affects their selves. The scope of the study will

focus into the intrapersonal communication of crew onboard vessel. This will

identify the factors affecting good and effective communication. This study will

uncover some problems met by seafarers.

Mainly, the coverage of the study area includes the CTU-Cebu Reliable

and Excellent Seafarers Training Center (CTU-CREST) at CTU-Carmen Campus

and the respondents were the maritime professionals who are taking Basic

Safety Training at the CTU-CREST. The duration of the study will last for 2

weeks. Furthermore, the research instruments that the researchers will be using

in gathering accurate data are by means of interviewing. The questions asked

are the same for every respondent. The study limits to the seafarers who have

been on board vessel for at least 1 year.

8
Definition of Terms

To preclude a clear idea of the terms used in the text, the following

requisites are here under defined:

Language Barrier of the Seafarers. This is a figurative phrase used

primarily to refer to linguistic barriers to communication, i.e. the difficulties in

communication experienced by people speaking different languages or dialects.

Communication Pattern in the vessel –It is an act or process of using

words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to

express your ideas, thoughts, and feelings.

Interrelationship Among seafarers. This refers to the

connection between multiple people or groups or parts of a system among other

people, people or groups.

Dissonance and Culture of the Seafarer. This refers to the

inconsistency between the beliefs one holds or between one's actions and one's

beliefs

Communication Gap of the Seafarer onboard. This refers to the failure

of understanding or interpreting rightly the words or behavior of.

Seafarers. This refers to people who work on ships that utilized

intrapersonal communication in a day to day sea travel

Vessel. This refers to the ship where variety of culture of seafarers are

employed.

9
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Flores (1998) presented that communication is an essential function of

civilization. Basically, it consists of writing, reading, speaking and listening.

Communication is a two-way process by which information is exchanged

between or among individuals through a common system of symbols, signs and

behavior. Language is man's most effective medium of communication. It allows

people to communicate their ideas - to say or write things to each other and

express their communicative needs. This becomes a skill in which efficiency can

be measured in terms of tasks completed satisfactorily. The goal of these tasks is

effective communication - oral or written. According to Martinez (2002), to effect

successful interaction and to share equal responsibility in achieving effective

communication, you as the receiver of the message must realize how important

listening is. Whatever purpose you have- say it and listen to follow or to show

appreciation. You must understand that listening plays a very important role to

effect purposeful interaction.

Winbow (2002) stated that communication is an essential part of human

interaction. The benefits of effective communication are many and obvious as

they enhance all aspects of our personal and professional lives. Ineffective or

misunderstood communications in our personal lives may give rise to problems

or embarrassment but in our professional lives the results of misunderstandings

10
may have much more serious results. In the world of international shipping, with

seafarers from many countries sailing on ships trading to all parts of the world,

effective communication between those on board and between ship and shore is

vitally important.

Effective communication on board a vessel also relies on crew members

being good listeners. They must be attentive in order to receive and decipher the

complete message, as well as make the speaker feel heard and understood. If

the audience is not focused on the speaker, only part of the message is received,

resulting in frustration and hostility in both parties (Gillstrom, 2015).

It would seem that the standard of English of some seafarers is so bad

that they have difficulty communicating not only between themselves but also

with agencies outside the ship. The aim of the IMO Standard Marine

Communication Phrases (SMCP) is to get round the problem of language

barriers at sea and avoid those misunderstandings which can cause accidents.

Language is inseparable from culture, and what might at first appear as a

case of purely linguistic "miscommunication" is often embedded in a distinct

cultural perspective. The concept of miscommunication resists any simple

definition, however, it remains a commonplace that reports of "things going

wrong" in communication are particularly frequent in cross-cultural encounters,

and their consequences can be extremely serious. There are often mismatches

in the ways different communities attribute meaning to linguistic forms, or,

indeed, to silence. Even cultural beliefs about the function of talk and silence can

be a major source of communication difficulties. On board with a multilingual

11
crew, a common working language has to be established. In most cases this is

the English language but often not all members of the crew have the necessary

command of this language. There have only restricted language skills of that

generally accepted working language. Multilingual crews frequently consist of

seafarers with very different language standards, which prevent them from

creating a common on board language. Often there are different words for one

term and even this can cause misunderstandings (Evangelos, 2014).

According to Horck (2010) that language is one of the strongest elements

in culture .He stated that people from the same culture have to be able to

communicate and that language is undoubtedly the greatest facilitator of

communication. The proper knowledge of a language clearly leads to fewer

accidents. Research has shown that those who have stayed in a country longer

encounter fewer accidents, evidently due to the improvement of his or her

language skills. Lack of communication has been reported to be common and

language problems are mentioned since a declining number of ships have single

nationality crews (Hetherington et al 2006).

On board ships misunderstandings occur when there is a failure in

communication between seamen of different nationalities, when intentions,

attitudes and actions can be misconstrued (Badawi, 2005). Good communication

is a basic safety prerequisite to overall safe ship management. For an ethnically

mixed crew to communicate effectively, they must understand more than the

words used in communication (Dzugan, 1998).

12
 Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This section presented the method used to carry out the study and

now data were collected, generated, and analyzed.

Research Method Used

In this study, the researchers will use the Qualitative Method. This lies the

fact that this method is easier to do since it aims to describe systematically how

important the Intrapersonal communication of Crew On board Vessel. This

method only requires a short period of time to be accomplished since the

respondents are available at a near place.

Furthermore, this method allows the researchers to provide questionnaires

which serve as the instrument in gathering factual data. The researchers prefer

to use this method because it requires accessibility and punctuality of the

possible fulfillment to be obtained by the researchers.

Research Environment

The researcher conducted this study at Cebu Technological University-

Cebu Reliable and Excellent Seafarers Training Center (CTU-CREST) inside

Cebu Technological University-Carmen Campus which is the only campus of the

CTU-system accredited by commission on Higher Education (CHED) to offer

marine engineering course. The university is located at the R.M. Durano Avenue,

Poblacion, Carmen, Cebu. It has a total land area of ten (10) hectares including

fishpond for instruction.

13
Informants

The informants of this study were the trainees of Cebu Reliable Excellent

Seafarers Training Center at the Cebu Technological University Carmen

Campus. The respondents selected and classified by the researcher accordingly.

Sources of Data

The primary data is obtained from the result of the questionnaires given to

the research respondents of our study about intrapersonal communication of

crew on board vessel.The seafarers and products of the questionnaire conducted

were primary sources.In the research questionnaire, questions are asked about

the actual communication based on the repondents’ experiences.The

respondents are asked to give their truthful answers accordingly.

Data Gathering Procedure

The procedure utilized in the study is inductive approach which divided into

three phases specifically. It started in preparing the letter-request and formulation

of the research questionnaire, followed by the distribution and retrieval of the

survey questionnaire, and finally the tabulation and interpretation of the results.

Phase 1: Preparation of Letter Requests and Formulation

of the Research Questionnaire

14
 The researchers prepared the request letters and questionnaires for approval.

When the letters was signed and approved by the Campus Director of Cebu

Technological University – Carmen Campus, Chairperson of Marine Engineering

Department, instructor, and the group leader. The researchers instantly prepared

and produce a photocopy of each letter and research questionnaires.

Phase 2: Distribution and Retrieval of Research Survey

Questionnaires

After the preparation of letters and questionnaires, the researchers

distributed the research survey questionnaires to ten (10) respondent seafarers.

After the respondents answered all the provided questionnaires, the researchers

collected it back for data analyzing.

Phase 3: Coding System and Interpretation of the

Gathered data.

The gathered data was being tabulated by the researchers using coding

system.The researchers formulated meanings in every significant statements of

each respective respondent.The formulated meanings were specified into two

themes, the them cluster and the emergent theme.Then after specifying it it, the

researchers interpreted the gathered data.

15
 PHASE 1
 Preparation of Letter Request
 Determination of Research Questions

PHASE 2
 Distribution and Retrieval of the Survey
Questionnaire

PHASE 3
 Tabulation of the Data Gathered
 Interpretation and Analysis of Results

Figure 3. Schematic Presentation of Data Gathering Procedure

16
 Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter systematically presents, analyzes and interprets the data

gathered which were drawn from the ten (10) seafarers which were the trainees

of CREST (Cebu Reliable and Excellent Seafarers Training) TRAINING CENTER

at CREST Training site located inside the CTU Carmen Campus to verify and

substantiate the problem being studied.

Based on Table 1, the significant statements of the informants described

that communication is indeed essential on board vessel. It also stated that

communication influenced the safety of crew on board ship. Table 1 presented

the ability of the seafarers to adjust to their fellow seamen when it comes to their

different beliefs and cultures in order to preserve the peace and harmony

between them. Using of common language is important in order to avoid

misunderstandings of multinational seafarers.

Table 2 shows the formulated meanings of each significant

statement.Based on the table, it presented that safety is also influenced by the

communication of seafarers on board the vessel. It also defined what effective

communication is. It also shows how to maintain and preserve good

communication of seafarers on board the ship.

Table 3 displays the clustered themes of each formulated meaning from

the answers of the respondents. The table shows the cause and as well as the

effects of having effective communication of seafarers on board. It also presents

17
the advantage of having knowledge in the usage of international language which

is English, in dealing with multinational crewmates.

The table 4 shows that some problems in the intrapersonal communication

of crew towards fellow seafarers. The table 4 displays the cultural diversity, and

language barrier that will lead to poor communication of seafarers. Ineffective

communication may cause the seafarers the inability to express their feelings,

absence of mind in work and will have difficulty to changes especially in cultures

and beliefs. Seafarers will make effort to understand each other in order to

preserve the harmony of crewmates on board vessel.

18
 Chapter V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, the conclusion and offers

some viable recommendations from the collected data which were interpreted

and analyzed in the previous chapter. The summary formed the bases for the

inferring conclusions and recommendations.

Summary of Findings

The summaries of findings are collaborated based on the sequential

arrangement of sub-problems.

The IMO’s Standard Maritime Communication Phrases (SMCP) initiated

this research “Intrapersonal Communication of Crew on board Vessel.” The

researchers prepared questions for the informants in order to gather data.

It is then however that the researchers established and practiced almost

every day in the conduct to what they are initiated.

As perceived by the ten (10) respondents, mostly, intrapersonal

communication of crew on board vessel is excellent and also need steps for

maintaining its effectiveness.

Hence, answers of the informants who experienced the communication of

seafarers on board. Basing the results organized and obtained, seafarers having

good communication is significantly related.

19
Conclusion

Secured upon the above mentioned findings of this study, subsequent

conclusions are delineated:

1. Effective communication is the ability to exchange thoughts and ideas

clearly. It is the ability to understand each other completely avoiding

miscommunication.

2. Communication is essential onboard because it is a big factor influencing

the safety of the environment, vessels and crew.

3. Be friendly to each other and Respect your crewmates. Learn to adjust in

order to understand and avoid miscommunication. Seafarers should use

appropriate language in communicating especially when dealing with

multinational and multicultural crews.

Recommendations

In view of the foregoing findings and conclusions, the following

recommendations are hereby suggested:

1. The seafarers should adapt and adjust to their fellow seafarers in order for

the communication to be good and effective.

2. Orientations should be conducted in order for the seafarers to know the

significance of communication and how it influences many factors

including the safety of the vessel. And by good communication,

messages, thoughts and ideas are delivered clearly avoiding quarrel and

argument due to miscommunication.

20
 3. The Maritime Industry should conduct seminars and orientations to

maritime professionals about the intrapersonal communication of

seafarers on board vessel and should give the solutions in maintaining it

effectively. Appropriate knowledge about English language should be

tested especially in international in order to be able to interact with

multinational and multicultural seafarers avoiding the language barrier

between them. Maritime students should have course improving their

knowledge in communicating in the English language. Students should

undergo social studies especially when it comes to cultural diversity in

order for them to be able to adjust and adapt in the future to their fellow

seafarers.

Future Recommendations for Future Research:

The subsequent topics are recommended for future research:

1. Filipino Seafarers’ Behavior and their Attitude towards other nationality

2. Factors that Affect the Workability of Seafarers

3. Impact of Technology on Maritime Students Academic Performance

4. Awareness of Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering students of

CTU Carmen Campus in Marine Pollution

21
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Seafarers on board Ships. Retrieved February 20, 2018, from Marine
Insight: https://www.marineinsight.com/life-at-sea/6-ways-to-improve-
interpersonal-relationship-among-seafarers-on-board-ships/

Badawi, E. E. (2014). Maritime Communication:The Problem of Cross Cultural

and Multilingual Crews. Retrieved February 7, 2018, from http://iamu-
edu.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/badawi-halawa.pdf

Catherine, L. (2007, May). Whose culture? The impact of language and culture
on safety and compliance at sea. Alert! - The Human Element(14), p. 3.

Dzugan, G. (1998). Communication skills and cultural awareness - model course.

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Evangelos, T. (2014). Language barriers and miscommunication as a cause for

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%20in%20English/Language%20barriers%20and%20miscommunication
%20as%20a%20cause%20for%20marine%20accidents.pdf

Flores, C. (1998). Effective Speech Communication. Quezon City,Manila:

Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc.

Gillstrom, K. (2015). Effective Communication on Board. Retrieved Januaury 29,

2018, from http://currents.bluewatercruising.org/articles/effective-
communication- board/

Hetherington, C. (2006). Safety in shipping: The human element. 37, pp. 401-
411.

Horck, J. (2010). Meeting diversities in maritime education. Retrieved April 11,

2018, from
https://muep.mau.se/bitstream/handle/2043/10143/Horck_Meeting_diversi
ties_diss.pdf?sequence=2

IMO. (2001). IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases. Retrieved April 19,
2018, from
http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/StandardMarine
CommunicationPhrases.aspx

23
Maritime English courses worldwide. (2014, February 6). Retrieved April 19,
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https://www.slideshare.net/SpecialistLanguageCourses/maritime-english-
courses-worldwide

Martinez, N. (2002). Responsible Speech Communication. 760 Bonifacio

Avenue, Mandaluyong City,: Echanis Press.

Rehman, A. U. (2007). Communication skills and Cultural awareness-model

Course. Retrieved February 6, 2018, from
https://commons.wmu.se/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1212&context=all_dissertations

Squire, D. (Ed.). (2007, May). Alert! - The Human Element. Effective

communication(14), p. 1.

Williamson, G. (2014). Communication Theory. Retrieved February 20, 2018,

from https://www.sltinfo.com/communication-theory/

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effective_communication.doc

24
25
APPENDICES
 Appendix A

Letter to the Campus Director

March 27, 2018

GLORIA G. DELAN, M.Sci.,Ed.D

VP for R and D- OIC Campus Director
Cebu Technological University, Carmen Campus

Dear Ma’am:

Greetings of peace and goodwill!

The MV JULIET Group of BS MAR-E II Alpha is conducting a research entitled,

“INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION OF CREW ON BOARD VESSEL,” in
partial fulfillment of the requirements of our Research subject. This study aims to
determine the intrapersonal communication of crew on board vessel.

In this connection, I, on behalf of the group, request your consent to allow us to

distribute a survey questionnaire.

The gathered data will be our basis to answer the subsidiary problems and
objectives of the study in order to come up with valuable results.

I am hoping for your consideration and approval as a big advantage to the

finalization of the study.

Thank you and more power!

Respectfully yours,
Recommending Approval:

(Sgd.) E/C VINCENT M. GOMEZ (Sgd.) ENGR. DIONE A. BARING

Group Leader Chairperson, Mar. E. Department

Noted by: APPROVED:

(Sgd.)EMARDY T.BARBECHO,MAEd.ELT (Sgd.)GLORIA G. DELAN, M.Sci.,Ed.D

Instructor-English 4 VP for R and D–OIC Campus Director

26
 Appendix B

Letter to the Informants

March 26, 2018

Dear Respondents:

Good day!

When thinking about the answer in this questionnaire, your responses

should be able to aid our research about intrapersonal communication of crew on
board vessel.

You have been chosen as one of the subjects or respondents of the

research study conducted by the BS MAR E II-ALPHA, MV Juliet group, entitled,
“INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION OF CREW ON BOARD VESSEL” ,
which aims to determine the intrapersonal communication of crew on board
vessel
Hence, for the intent of collecting accurate data, may we request your
goodness to share your honest and truthful response on the items stated in the
questionnaire.

Your response will be dealt with utmost confidentially and will not in any
way be used against you and for other purposes.
Thank You!
-The Researchers

Noted by:

(Sgd.) EMARDY T. BARBECHO, MAEd. ELT

Instructor-English 4

27
 Appendix C
Research Questionnaire

The researcher:

(Question) If you are given a chance to choose between aboard in a ship with a
mixed culture/nationality crew or in a similar culture/nationality crew, what would
you choose and why?

Interviewee:

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

The researcher:

(Question) We have heard that communication is essential on board vessel, what

do you think?

Interviewee:

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

The researcher:

(Question) In your own opinion, what would be the best solution in maintaining
effective communication on board vessel?

28
Interviewee:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

The researcher:

(Question) What do you mean by effective or good communication?

Interviewee:

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

The researcher:

(Question) Do you think using English, the international language, in a mixed

culture/ nationality crew vessel will aid the communication between them?

Interviewee:

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

The researcher

(Question) Do you think communication will greatly influenced the safety of crew
on board ship?

29
Interviewee:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Appendix D
30
 The Table

Significant statements Transcript Page Lines

number number number

“In mixed crew, you can interact with other

nationality and will be able to know their 1 1 1-3
culture.”

“If we can’t communicate with each other 2 1 2-3

onboard, it may cause several accidents.”

“Be friendly and understanding. Be open to

your crew. Used correct language.” 3 2 1-2

“In effective or good communication, you

understand each other and create a teamwork 4 2 1-3
and to avoid accident onboard vessel.”

“Crews with different language should speak

on the standard language for the safety and 5 2 2-3
understanding of one another.”

“Communication is the only way to understand

each other and understanding each other may 6 3 2-3
avoid troubles and mistakes which could
trigger to worst situation.”
Table 1: Significant Statements

31
Table 2: The Process of Creating Formulated Meaning from the Significant
Statements

Significant Statements Formulated meanings

“In mixed crew, you can interact with Seafarers like to be in a mixed crew
other nationality and will be able to because they will be able to know
know their culture.” (Transcript no.1, different culture and by knowing it,
Page no.1, Lines no. 1-3) they will form a good relation together.

“If we can’t communicate with each Communication is essential onboard

other onboard, it may cause several because it is a big factor influencing
accidents.” (Transcript no.2, Page the safety of the environment, vessels
no.1, Lines no. 2-3) and crew.

“Be friendly and understanding. Be Seafarers get to know their crews by

open to your crew. Used correct respecting them including their beliefs,
language.” (Transcript no.3, Page cultures and language. Using of
no.2, Lines no. 1-2) English language will aid the effective
communication on board.

“In effective or good communication, Effective communication is the ability

you understand each other and create to communicate and understand each
a teamwork and to avoid accident other completely without troubles.
onboard vessel.” (Transcript no.4,
Page no.2, Lines no. 1-3)

“Crews with different language should Seafarers use English especially when
speak on the standard language for dealing with other nationalities to
the safety and understanding of one communicate and understand
another.” (Transcript no.5, Page no.2, properly.
Lines no. 2-3)

“Communication is the only way to The safety of the ship is also

understand each other and influenced by communication of the
understanding each other may avoid crew on it.
troubles and mistakes which could
trigger to worst situation.” (Transcript
no.6, Page no.3, Lines no. 2-3)

Emergent

32
 Formulated meanings Theme Clusters Theme
Seafarers like to be in a mixed crew
because they will be able to know Interaction of Psychological
different culture and by knowing it, they seafarers in a impact and Its
will form a good relation together. mixed crew effect
Communication is essential onboard
because it is a big factor influencing the Avoid Good
safety of the environment, vessels and misunderstanding Communication
crew. of fellow seafarers

Seafarers get to know their crews by

respecting them including their beliefs, Good Relationship Inclusion or
cultures and language. Using of English of Crew feeling of
language will aid the effective belongingness
communication on board.

Effective communication is the ability to Efficiency of

communicate and understand each having effective Social Wellness
other completely without troubles. communication

Seafarers use English especially when Usage of Overcoming

dealing with other nationalities to International Language
communicate and understand properly. Language Barrier

The safety of the ship is also influenced Promoting safety Safety of the
by communication of the crew on it. through vessel and crew
interacting

Table 3: How the first theme “Social Interaction” of crew was constructed
from different clusters of themes and formulated meanings

33
First Theme: Second Theme:
Inclusion or feeling of belongingness Psychological Impact and Its Effect

 Frequent misunderstanding  Isolation from the Crew

 Doubt of trust  Adverse effect on Work

 Dissonance performance

 Cultural Diversity  Absence of Mind in work

 Language Barrier  Fatigue

 Poor Communication  Difficulty to tolerate changes

 Inability to express feelings

Table 4: The Final Thematic Map

Appendix E

34
 The Research Environment

Figure 2.The Actual View of the Research Environment

35
CURRICULUM VITAE
 Vincent M. Gomez
Mobile phone number: 09222195717

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Home Address : Dawis Sur, Carmen, Cebu

Birthday : June 20, 1999
Birthplace : Danao City, Cebu
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Ramir F. Gomez
Mother’s Name : Brenda M. Gomez
Address : Dawis Sur, Carmen, Cebu

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

College : Cebu Technological University

Carmen Campus
Year 2016-present
Secondary : Carmen Christian School
Dawis Norte, Carmen, Cebu
Year 2011-2015
Elementary : Dawis Sur Elementary School
Dawis Sur, Carmen,Cebu
Year 2005-2011

Special Skills : Basic Electricity

Experience on Research:
Research on: “Intrapersonal Communication of Crew on board
vessel”
37
 Kenneth S. Clavecillas
Mobile phone number: 09353749438

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Home Address : Sorsogon, Malabuyoc, Cebu

Birthday : July 29, 1997
Birthplace : Sorsogon, Malabuyoc, Cebu
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Manolito A. Clavecillas
Mother’s Name : Diosdada S. Clavecillas
Address : Sorsogon, Malabuyoc, Cebu
Clavecill EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

College : Cebu Technological University

Carmen Campus
Year 2016-present
Secondary : Perpetual Succour Academy
Poblacion 2, Malabuyoc, Cebu
Year 2011-2015
Elementary : Sorsogon Elementary School
Sorsogon, Malabuyoc, Cebu
Year 2005-2011

Special Skills : Basic Electricity

Experience on Research:
Research on: “Intrapersonal Communication of Crew on board
vessel”

38
 Ronel M. Jugan
Mobile phone number: 09653717605

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Home Address : Bagay, Daanbantayan, Cebu

Birthday : September 18, 1996
Birthplace : Bagay, Daanbantayan, Cebu
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Rogelio C. Jugan
Mother’s Name : Manuela M. Jugan
Address : Bagay, Daanbantayan, Cebu

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

College : Cebu Technological University

Carmen Campus
Year 2016-present
Secondary : Calape National High School
Calape, Daanbantayan, Cebu
Year 2011-2015
Elementary : Calape Elementary School
Calape, Daanbantayan, Cebu
Year 2004-2011

Special Skills : Basic Electricity

Experience on Research:
Research on: “Intrapersonal Communication of Crew on board
vessel”
39
 Vergel P. Artiaga
Mobile phone number: 09556229646

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Home Address : Guiwanon, Argao, Cebu

Birthday : July 19, 1998
Birthplace : Guiwanon, Argao, Cebu
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Bernie S. Artiaga
Mother’s Name : Imelda P. Artiaga
Address : Guiwanon, Argao, Cebu

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

College : Cebu Technological University

Carmen Campus
Year 2016-present
Secondary : Simala National High School
Simala, Sibonga, Cebu
Year 2011-2015
Elementary : Guiwanon Elementary School
Guiwanon, Argao, Cebu
Year 2005-2011

Special Skills : Basic Electricity

Experience on Research:
Research on: “Intrapersonal Communication of Crew on board
vessel”
40
 Romeo C. Cañada JR.
Mobile phone number: 09098471796

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Home Address : Tacup, San Remigio, Cebu

Birthday : February 09, 1999
Birthplace : Tacup, San Remigio, Cebu
Religion : Born Again
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Romeo P. Cañada Sr.
Mother’s Name : Elizabeth C. Cañada
Address : Tacup, San Remigio, Cebu

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

College : Cebu Technological University

Carmen Campus
Year 2016-present
Secondary : Lambusan NHS
Lambusan, San Remigio, Cebu
Year 2011-2015
Elementary : Tacup Elementary School
Tacup, San Remigio, Cebu
Year 2005-2011

Special Skills : Basic Electricity

Experience on Research:
Research on: “Intrapersonal Communication of Crew on board
vessel”
41
 Jason G. Magno
Mobile phone number: 09359157419

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Home Address : Nailon, Bogo City, Cebu

Birthday : February 10, 1997
Birthplace : Nailon, Bogo City, Cebu
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Julio Magno Jr.
Mother’s Name : Lorna Magno
Address : Nailon, Bogo City,Cebu

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

College : Cebu Technological University

Carmen Campus
Year 2016-present
Secondary : Cebu Roosevelt Memorial Coll.
Bogo City, Cebu
Year 2011-2015
Elementary : Nailon Elementary School
Nailon, Bogo City, Cebu
Year 2005-2011

Special Skills : Basic Electricity

Experience on Research:
Research on: “Intrapersonal Communication of Crew on board
vessel”
42
 Albert S. Jagasijas
Mobile phone number: 09363421652

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Home Address : Sta. Margarita W. Samar

Birthday : June 4, 1997
Birthplace : Monbon. Sta.Margarita W. Samar
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Jupel E. Jagasijas
Mother’s Name : Eora S. Jagasijas
Address : Monbon. Sta. Margarita W.Samar

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

College : Cebu Technological University

Carmen Campus
Year 2016-present
Secondary : Clarencio Calagos Mem.Sch.F
Monbon. Sta. Margarita W.Samar
Year 2010-2014
Elementary : Sta. Margarita ICE
Monbon. Sta. Margarita W.Samar
Year 2005-2010

Special Skills : Basic Electricity

Experience on Research:
Research on: “Intrapersonal Communication of Crew on board
vessel”

43
 Eddie V. Restauro Jr.
Mobile phone number: 09362252753

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Home Address : Garing, Consolacion, Cebu

Birthday : November 5, 1997
Birthplace : Lapu-lapu Mandaue
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Eddie C. Restauro Sr.
Mother’s Name : Gracelyn M. Restauro
Address : Balirong, Naga, Cebu

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

College : Cebu Technological University

Carmen Campus
Year 2016-present
Secondary : Bayugan Nat. Comp. HS
Bayugan, Agusan Del Sur
Year 2010-2014
Elementary : Bayugan West Elem. School
Bayugan, Agusan Del Sur
Year 2005-2010

Special Skills : Basic Electricity

Experience on Research:
Research on: “Intrapersonal Communication of Crew on board
vessel”

44