WORD FOR MAC 2008 ICON

In 1997, Microsoft formed the Macintosh Business Unit as an independent group within
Microsoft focused on writing software for the Mac. Its first version of Word, Word 98, was
released with Office 98 Macintosh Edition. Document compatibility reached parity with Word
97, and it included features from Word 97 for Windows, including spell and grammar checking
with squiggles. Users could choose the menus and keyboard shortcuts to be similar to either
Word 97 for Windows or Word 5 for Mac. Unfortunately, Word on the Mac in this and later
releases also became vulnerable to future macro viruses that could compromise Word (and
Excel) documents.
Word 2001, released in 2000, added a few new features, including the Office Clipboard, which
allowed users to copy and paste multiple items. It was the last version to run on classic Mac OS
and, on Mac OS X, it could only run within the Classic Environment. Word X, released in 2001,
was the first version to run natively on, and required, Mac OS X, and introduced non-contiguous
text selection.
Word 2004 was released in May 2004. It included a new Notebook Layout view for taking notes
either by typing or by voice. Other features, such as tracking changes, were made more similar
with Office for Windows. Microsoft released patches through the years to eliminate most
known macro vulnerabilities from this version.
Word 2008, released on January 15, 2008, included a Ribbon-like feature, called the Elements
Gallery, that can be used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and images. It also
included a new view focused on publishing layout, integrated bibliography management, and
native support for the new Office Open XML format. It was the first version to run natively on
Intel-based Macs. Word 2011, released in October 2010, replaced the Elements Gallery in favor
of a Ribbon user interface that is much more similar to Office for Windows, and includes a full-
screen mode that allows users to focus on reading and writing documents, and support for
Office Web Application.
Microsoft Word’s native file formats are denoted either by a .doc or .docx file extension.
Although the document extension has been used in many different versions of Word, it actually
encompasses four distinct file formats:
Word for DOS
Word for Windows 1 and 2; Word 4 and 5 for Mac
Word 6 and Word 95 for Windows; Word 6 for Mac
Word 97, 2000, 2002 and 2003 for Windows; Word 98, 2001, X, and 2004 for Mac
The newer “.docx” extension signifies the Office Open XML international standardfor Office
documents and is used by Word 2007 for Windows, Word 2008 for the Macintosh, as well as by
a growing number of applications from other vendors, including OpenOffice.org Writer, an
open source word processing program.
Microsoft does not guarantee the correct display of the document on different workstations,
even if the two workstations use the same version of Microsoft Word, primarily due to page
layout depending on the current printer. This means it is possible the document the recipient
sees might not be exactly the same as the document the sender sees.
During the late 1990s and early 2000s, the default Word document format became a de facto
standard of document file formats for Microsoft Office users. Though usually just referred to as
“Word Document Format”, this term refers primarily to the range of formats used by default in
Word version 97-2003.
Word document files by using the Word 97-2003 Binary File Format implement Object Linking
and Embedding structured storage to manage the structure of their file format. OLE behaves
rather like a conventional hard drive file system and is made up of several key components.
Each Word document is composed of so-called “big blocks” which are almost always 512-byte
chunks; hence a Word document’s file size will in most cases be a multiple of 512.
“Storages” are analogues of the directory on a disk drive, and point to other storages or
“streams” which are similar to files on a disk. The text in a Word document is always contained
in the “WordDocument” stream. The first big block in a Word document, known as the
“header” block, provides important information as to the location of the major data structures
in the document. “Property storages” provide metadata about the storages and streams in a
doc file, such as where it begins and its name and so forth. The “File information block”
contains information about where the text in a Word document starts, ends, what version of
Word created the document and other attributes.
Microsoft has published specifications for the Word 97-2003 Binary File Format.
Word 2007 and 2010 continue to support the DOC file format, although it is no longer the
default.
The XML format introduced in Word 2003 was a simple, XML based format called
WordprocessingML.
Word 2007 introduced a new XML-based file format called Office Open XML. The version of
OOXML that Word 2007 supports is the ECMA-376 standard, published by Ecma International.
After the release of Office 2007, underwent another round of standardization under the
International Organization for Standardization . The standard, has two variants. A Transitional
variant is intended for legacy compatibility and is not supposed to be used to produce new
documents. A Strict variant is based on ISO’s revisions and improvements to the ECMA
standard.
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Word 2010 supports reading and writing Transitional documents but only reading Strict
documents. This caused consternation among members of the ISO Office Open XML
subcommittee, who claimed that Microsoft was only paying lip service to the standards process.
In response, Microsoft says that the Strict schema will be fully supported no later than Office
15, the next major version after Office 2010.
In August 2009, Canadian firm issued Microsoft before the United States District Court for the
Eastern District of Texas for infringing on a software involving custom XML in a document.In
December 2009, the judgment of the district court was affirmed by the United States Court of
Appeals for the Federal Circuit. An injunction was issued that bans Microsoft from selling copies
of Word with the code that infringes on the patent after January 11, 2010. Several days after
the court ruling, Microsoft released a “mandatory patch” that brings the software into
compliance with the court’s decision. In November 2010 the US supreme court agreed to hear
an appeal by Microsoft.
Opening a Word Document file in a version of Word other than the one with which it was
created can cause incorrect display of the document. The document formats of the various
versions change in subtle and phenomenon to the base standard. Formatting created in newer
versions does not always survive when viewed in older versions of the program, nearly always
because that capability does not exist in the previous version. Rich Text Format, an early effort
to create a format for interchanging formatted text between applications is an optional format
for Word, that retains most formatting and all content of the original document. Later, after
HTML appeared, Word supported an HTML derivative as an additional full-fidelity roundtrip
format similar to RTF, with the additional capability that the file could be viewed in a web
browser.
In February 2007, Sun released an initial version of its ODF plugin for Microsoft Office.Version
1.0 was released in July 2007.Microsoft Word 2007 supports PDF and XPS formats, but only
after manual installation of the Microsoft Word has a built-in spell checker, thesaurus,
dictionary, Office Assistant and utilities for transferring, copy, pasting and editing text, such as
PureText.
WordArt enables drawing text in a Microsoft Word document such as a title, watermark, or
other text, with graphical effects such as skewing, shadowing, rotating, stretching in a variety of
shapes and colors and even including three-dimensional effects, starting at version 2007, and
prevalent in Office 2010. Users can apply formatting effects such as shadow, bevel, glow, and
reflection to their document text as easily as applying bold or underline. Users can also spell-
check text that uses visual effects, and add text effects to paragraph styles.
Like other Microsoft Office documents, Word files can include advanced macros and even
embedded programs. The language was originally WordBasic, but changed to Visual Basic for
Applications as of Word 97.
This extensive functionality can also be used to run and propagate viruses in documents. The
tendency for people to exchange Word documents via email, USB flash drives, and floppy disks
made this an especially attractive vector in 1999. A prominent example was the Melissa worm,
but countless others have existed in the wild. Nearly all anti-virus software can detect and clean
common macro viruses..
These macro viruses were the only known cross-platform threats between Windows and
Macintosh computers and they were the only infection vectors to affect any system in 2007.
Microsoft released patches for Word X and Word 2004 that effectively eliminated the macro
problem on the Mac by 2006.
Word’s macro security setting, which regulates when macros may execute, can be adjusted by
the user, but in the most recent versions of Word, is set to HIGH by default, generally reducing
the risk from macro-based viruses, which have become uncommon
The program was unable to handle ligatures defined in TrueType fonts those ligature glyphs
with Unicode codepoints may be inserted manually, but are not recognized by Word for what
they are, breaking spell checking, while custom ligatures present in the font are not accessible
at all. Since Word 2010, the program now has advanced typesetting features which can be
enabled: OpenType ligatures, kerning, and hyphenation. Other layout deficiencies of Word
include the inability to set crop marks or thin spaces. Various third-party workaround utilities
have been developed. Similarly, combining diacritics are handled poorly: Word 2003 has
“improved support”, but many diacritics are still misplaced, even if a precomposed glyph is
present in the font.
Additionally, as of Word 2002, Word does automatic font substitution when it finds a character
in a document that does not exist in the font specified. It is impossible to deactivate this,
making it very difficult to spot when a glyph used is missing from the font in use. If “Mirror
margins” or “Different odd and even” are enabled, Word will not allow the user to freshly begin
page numbering an even page after a section break. Instead it inserts a mandatory blank page
which cannot be removed.
In Word 2004 for Macintosh, support of complex scripts was inferior even to Word 97, and
Word 2004 does not support Apple Advanced Typography features like ligatures or glyph
variants.
Word has extensive list bullets and numbering feature used for tables, list, pages, chapters,
headers, footnotes, and tables of content. Bullets and numbering can be applied directly or
using a button or by applying a style or through use of a template. Some problems with
numbering have been found in Word 97-2003. An example is Word’s system for restarting
numbering.The Bullets and Numbering system has been significantly overhauled for Office
2007, which is intended to reduce the severity of these problems. For example, Office 2007
cannot align tabs for multi-leveled numbered lists. Often, items in a list will be inexplicably
separated from their list number by one to three tabs, rendering outlines unreadable. These
problems cannot be resolved even by expert users. Even basic dragging and dropping of words
is usually impossible. Bullet and numbering problems in Word include: bullet characters are
often changed and altered, indentation is changed within the same list, bullet point or number
sequence can belong to an entirely different nest within the same sequence.
Users can also create tables in MS Word. Depending on the version, Word can perform simple
calculations. Formulas are supported as well.
As mentioned in Creating Tables, MS Word supports the use of formulas. To The formula
function is on the ribbon in the Data section. Click on the Formula icon to open the Formula
Dialog box. At the top of the Formula box is a place to enter a formula. Formulas use a similar
convention as that used in Excel. Cell references use the reference style. Formulas are written
using cell references Word tables don’t display column and row, the address must be
determined by counting the number of columns and rows. For example, cell appears three
columns from the left and four rows down. Once cell addresses are known the formula can be
written. Optional Microsoft Word in program called Formula Builder provides cell references in
a number of different ways so the user doesn’t have to determine it by counting columns and
rows. For example, cell references may be added to a formula by double-clicking the cell.
As an alternative to using actual cell references as the arguments in the formula, you can use
instead which adds a range of cells. There are limitations to this method. The cells in the range
must not be empty and they must contain numeric values otherwise the calculation will not
include the entire range expected. Another problem is that doesn’t recognize negative numbers
when the number is surrounded by parenthesis and as a result does not calculate correctly.
Word also adds the heading row if it contains a numeric value provided the cells in the range
are contiguous and all contain values.
AutoSummarize highlights passages or phrases that it considers valuable. The amount of text to
be retained can be specified by the user as a percentage of the current amount of text.
According to Ron Fein of the Word 97 team, Auto Summarize cuts wordy copy to the bone by
counting words and ranking sentences. First, AutoSummarize identifies the most common
words in the document and assigns each word the more frequently a word is used, the higher
the score. Then, each sentence by adding the scores of its words and dividing the sum by the
number of words in the sentence the higher the average, the higher the rank of the sentence.
“It’s like the ratio of wheat to chaff explains Fein.
CONCLUSION
To conclude with ms office one of the main set up which busy people are using todays world.
Microsoft Word is a non-free commercial word processor designed by Microsoft.