Community Engagement

Solidarity and Citizenship 12

Quarter 1
Module 2
1. Factors Influencing the
Dynamics of a
Community

2. Community Action and

the Applied Social
Sciences
Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Factors Influencing the Dynamics of a Community /
Community Action and the Applied Social Sciences
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Arnold L. Espinas /
Contributors: Segundino L. Maraño & Win B. Lascuña
Editor: Danim R. Majerano
Reviewers: Cerina V. Galoy (Technical)
Illustrator: Arnold L. Espinas
Layout Artist: Clifchard D. Valente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of Pasig

City
Community Engagement
Solidarity and Citizenship 12
Quarter 1
Module 2
1. Factors Influencing the Dynamics of a
Community

2. Community Action and the Applied

Social Sciences
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship 12 Self

Learning Module on the Factors Influencing the Dynamics of a Community /
Community Action and the Applied Social Sciences!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the learners:

Welcome to the Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship 12 Self-

Learning Module on the Factors Influencing the Dynamics of a Community /
Community Action and the Applied Social Sciences!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Examine the factors that influence community dynamics.

2. Be able to establish the patterns of interactions between the different
influencers of community dynamics.
3. Relate the career goals of one sibling and a close friend to any social sciences
disciplines

PRETEST

Let us see how much you know about lesson 2 as of this moment

Read carefully each item. You can pick your answer from the choices given below.

A. Economics B. Political C. Socio-Cultural D. Applied Social Sciences

1. Provides the pattern of governance in a community. _____

2. The discipline of social work and journalist have much in common. ______
3. A system is adopted to ensure the flow of goods so that the impact of any forms
of deprivations may be prevented. _____
4. Movements against any forms of gender inequalities has been gaining grounds in
many parts of the world the past several years. _____
5. Professional counselors deal with the issues of individual person or group.

RECAP

At this point you will try to recall what you have learned from the past lesson.
You can ask the help of anyone in your family to assess your answers.

 What particular community actions took place in your community during

the Enhance Community Quarantine?

 Based on your observations on the events that took place in your community
in the recent months do you think the dynamics of your community is
working well? Why do you think so?
Are you ready now for the next lessons?
 LESSON

LET’S GET GOING

Start-up activity:

Think of the people you are familiar with in your community. Think of those
you’ve known since they were young and try to figure out what they have become
after getting a degree in college, after having a family of their own or after just adding
years in their age.

What changes do you notice on the roles they play now in their present life?
Some may have continued doing what they’ve been doing in their younger years.
Some may have totally change lifestyle and focused on things far different to what
they’ve used to do in the past.

Those changes happen and they don’t happen for no reason at all. Changes
in the roles people play in the community are part of the process influenced by
several factors.

Let us examine the FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DYNAMICS OF A MODERN

COMMUNITY

1. Economy – It involves different activities intended to satisfy the needs of all the
members of the community. A system is adopted to ensure the flow of goods so that
the impact of any forms of deprivations may be prevented.

Illustration 1: The local economy

 When the economic system works well several changes in the community take
place. People who generated much wealth will have much to spend and consequently
will begin looking for things well beyond what is necessary like in-fashion clothes,
gadgets, cars, among others. As time goes by and the economy continue to roll in
upward trends these wants will become an ordinary part of the community culture.

The roles of every individual members of the community are also affected by the
directions the economy is taking. Farmers may turn into entrepreneurs and their
children may start dreaming of a life outside of the realm of rural community. There
will be a shift in the choice of career. Many people will be enticed by big pay checks
that will afford them of the many amenities of modern lifestyle.

An illustration showing
different roles women play
in a modern society. Can
you name them? (Source:
freepik.com)

Improvements in technology help businesses to grow further with the

introduction of more advanced machineries. However, because of these machineries
many people lost their jobs and the opportunity for better life. And the search for
fresh sources of livelihood led to the migration of people from the countryside to the
urban areas and a great number tried their luck overseas.

Poverty in the countryside as

shown in this picture triggers
mass urban migration. Once a
parent migrated to work
somewhere else there will be
changes in the roles played by
those who will be left behind
(Photo credit: reuters.com)
2. Politics – Provides the pattern of governance in a community. People choose
leaders that adopt different leadership approaches that they see necessary to let the
residence live the life they deserved. Different leaders have different views on how a
community should be governed and the system that they employ will have an impact
to the different social structures affecting the entire community in the process. Good
leaders will cause the community to improve while the worse ones can result in the
opposite.

Some children are forced to work in

a small-scale mining site because of
poverty which the government has
been taking time to address (Source:
International Labor Organization)

3. Society and Culture – Society is an interactive system composed of people within

a particular geographic space. Culture refers to the different principles, beliefs and
practices that shape the values and regulate interactions between people and within
a group. Education, religion, mass media, internal and external migration and now
the social media are responsible to the endless process of cultural transformation.

Movements against any forms of

gender inequalities has been gaining
grounds in many parts of the world
the past several years (source:
news.abs-cbn.com)

A lot of information became within easy reach by people most especially the
young ones who are very active in the internet. In this process many were exposed
to different ideas and cultures thus causing them to alter their views on many things
like politics, gender equality, economy, jobs, arts, communication, entertainment,
and even religion.

The image show how social media

affected even the children’s view of
daily happenings in life. (Photo credit:
Bored Teachers (twitter.com)
Let us find the connections: COMMUNITY ACTION AND THE APPLIED SOCIAL
SCIENCES

Applied social sciences concern more on the application of perspectives and

theories developed through a number of researches conducted by practitioners in
various fields in social sciences. Included in those theories are structural-
functionalism, symbolic-interactionism, feminism, Marxism, rational choice theory,
psychoanalytic, institutionalism, human-environment system theory and many
more.

Experts in the various fields in social sciences conduct research studies in

order to arrive at answer on questions surrounding certain social phenomena. The
results of those studies are then utilize at the ground level by individuals whose job
description is to work directly with people in varying capacities, social environments
and conditions.

The Social Worker in Action

In the picture shown below a community action is taking place in which a

social worker educates mothers on the importance of family planning and how
unwanted pregnancy may be prevented through different means.

Social work is a type of job

that requires direct contact with
people, helping them understand
their issues so that individually
or collectively they can find
solutions to the problems of their
community. In doing such task
social workers must be equipped
with knowledge on how to
understand community Photo credit: rappler.com
problems and needs using
perspectives and theories that will
help in the processing of information gathered from the ground.

It is not easy to encourage the people to work together for a common cause. It
is just like “you need to speak their language and get a clear view of their daily life
experiences” if you want your idea to work. If the issue of the community has to do
with government policies knowledge in political science and laws surely will be of big
help.
 POWER UP YOUR MIND. READ!!!

Evidence suggests female migration is very significant in the Philippines, especially in

rural-urban movement. In rural Mindanao, females constitute 56.3% of the out-migrant
population (Quisumbing and McNiven 2006).

Source: An Overview of Internal Migration in the Philippines (bangkok.unesco.org)

Take it from the Journalists

Helping poor people understand their present conditions and bringing it up to

the attention of the government are big challenges for journalists. Aside from
presenting those issues through the news stories, many journalists produced
documentaries that feature the plight of the people from the vulnerable classes.
Journalist hope that by doing so appropriate actions may be taken by authorities or
sectors concerned.

Journalist Atom Araullo

while doing one of his
documentaries showing
daily realities in the life of
the common people. (Photo
credit: gmanetwork.com)

Talk and the Counselor listens

Counseling is another discipline

under the category of applied social
sciences. There are different forms of
counseling in which some requires certain
level of professional intervention and the
others merely require familiarity on the
issues at hand like peer counseling.

Photo credit: officialgazette.gov.ph

In the picture above, a social worker provides psycho-social counseling to

victims of a calamity. This kind of endeavor intends to help the distressed community
people cope with the impact of the calamity so they can go back to their normal lives
the soonest possible time.
 Many students encounter counselors in the school who helped them deal with
pressures originating from the social environment in the school. They also guide
students who are having difficulty developing sound study habits. Another type of
counselor works in the factories and offices conducting program for employee
development. They are also referred to as human resource specialists.

There are also counselors who work at the penitentiary to guide persons
deprived of liberty undergoing the process of reformation. Persons convicted of a
crime should be reformed so that when they return to the community they will no
longer go back to old ways instead they should become responsible neighbors.

A counselor works at a
correctional facility to help
convicts in the process of
reintegration to the community.
(Source: South Carolina
Department of Corrections)

Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) responding to the challenges

NGOs advocate for the welfare of those in the vulnerable sectors like
children, women, persons with disabilities (PWDs) and senior citizens. Others
advocate for the environment and promote human interests like arts and other
professions. NGOs are usually church-based, community-based and.

Gawad Kalinga is an NGO that helps

provide descent shelter and source of
livelihood to the residents in poor
communities. (Photo credit:
gk1world.com)
 ACTIVITY

Go for the challenge!

Word Search: Use the items below as guide in looking for the right words.

1. Helps an individual identify and find solution to a personal or psychological

problem.
2. This is what a journalist do
3. Consist of different factors that shape the values and regulate human behavior
4. Governs the community
5. Studies conducted by experts

WRAP–UP

After completing the lessons in this Self-Learning Module, I hope you learned
a lot. Let’s see, how does the dynamics of community operate as a process? How do
you compare applied social sciences from the other disciplines of social sciences like
history and geography?
 VALUING

As members of the community, all that we do will have an effect in one way or
another to the community processes. The impact of our actions will not necessarily
depend on the magnitude of the issues that we will try to address but rather on the
degree of our determination to be a factor to the community building process.

POSTTEST

Multiple choice: Read carefully each item. There are multiple choices for answers
to each of the item. Write only the letter that corresponds to your choice answer.

A. Community B. Community Dynamics

C. Community Action D. Applied Social Sciences

1. Journalists used perspectives and theories in social sciences in the performance

of their functions. _______

2. Consist of people who live in a common geographical space, submit to a political

institution and sharing common cultural views. _______

3. Different activities intended to contribute to the community development

process. _______

4. Different structures of the community influencing social interactions which can

result in many changes in the peoples’ way of life. _______

5. Senior high students initiating clean up drive of esteros around the city. _______
 KEY TO CORRECTION

5. C 4. B 3. C 2. A 1. D
Posttest:

5. D 4. C 3. A 2. D 1. B
Pretest:
ANSWER:

References
Books:

Baleña, Ederlina D. Lucero, Dolores M. & Peralta, Arnel M. 2016. Understanding

Culture, Society and Politics. Quezon City: Educational Resources
Corporation.

Zulueta, Francisco M. 2002. General Sociology (Revised Edition). Mandaluyong

City: Academic Publishing Corporation.

Journal:

UNESCO, UNDP, IOM and UN-Habitat. Overview of Internal Migration in the

Philippines. Accessed on May 25, 2020
https://bangkok.unesco.org/sites/default/files/assets/article/Social%20and
%20Human%20Sciences/publications/philippines.pdf

Photos and Illustrations:

Aimforthestarstutoring.com - Funny back to school quotes, 2020, accessed May 22

2020, https://www.aimforthestarstutoring.com/

Araullo Atom - The Atom Araullo Specials’ goes ‘Underground’ for its pilot episode this
Easter Sunday! March 28 2018, accessed May 22 2020,
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/publicaffairs/gma7specials/648177/th
e-atom-araullo-specials-goes-underground-for-its-pilot-episode-this-easter-
sunday/story/

Bookwidgets - Word Search, accessed May 25 2020,

https://www.bookwidgets.com/a/widgets/6186590601740288
Chandran Rina - Driven from home, Philippine indigenous people long for their land,
April 19 2018, accessed May 21, 2020 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-
philippines-landrights-crime/driven-from-home-philippine-indigenous-people-
long-for-their-land-idUSKBN1HQ034

Domingo Katrina - Metro Manila Pride March delivers message of equality in rainbow
colors, June 30 2018, accessed May 21, 2020 from https://news.abs-
cbn.com/life/06/30/18/metro-manila-pride-march-delivers-message-of-
equality-in-rainbow-colors

Freepik - Different sides of women’s life, 2019, accessed May 28, 2020
https://www.freepik.com/premium-vector/different-sides-womens-life-
duties-roles_4445817.htm

Gawad Kalinga - Building new world the GK way, accessed May 25, 2020
http://gk1world.com/building-the-new-world-the-gk-way

International Labor Organization - Child labor in mining, poor working conditions take
centre stage in inter-regional meeting, May 29 2019, accessed May 21, 2020
https://www.ilo.org/manila/public/pr/WCMS_706334/lang--en/index.htm

Maitem Rosa May - End hunger for today's and tomorrow's generation, May 31 2014,
accessed May 25 2020, https://www.rappler.com/move-
ph/issues/hunger/59268-generation-nutrition-philippines

South Carolina Department of Corrections, accessed May 23, 2020 retrieved from
doc.sc.gov