How does the DevOps approach enable an organization to increase speed to market and gain

competitive edge?

A. DevOps allows teams to spend more time on technical innovation while maintaining stability
and quality.
B. DevOps enables an organization to go from an initial concept to a viable product in a shorter
timescale than was traditionally acceptable with a Waterfall approach.
C. DevOps makes you more aware of the challenges that each department faces on a day-to-day
basis and helps understand the needs of the business.
D. The environment and culture of DevOps encourage a deeper understanding and
implementation of best practices in an organization.
B. DevOps enables an organization to go from an initial concept to a viable product in a shorter
timescale than was traditionally acceptable with a Waterfall approach.
Which goals will you consider when building a business case for a DevOps organization?
1. Expanding market share by acquisition of a large competitor
2. Improving collaboration between all layers of your organization
3. Increasing overall stability of your IT systems
4. Reducing the amount of failures introduced during the software development lifecycle

A. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1, 3, and 4
C. 1, 2, and 4
D. 2, 3, and 4
D. 2, 3, and 4
Continuous Integration and Delivery practices can increase the frequency of deploying source
code into production. What is the increased frequency according to the 2015 State of DevOps
survey by PuppetLabs?

A. 2 times
B. 5 times
C. 30 times
D. 100 times
C. 30 times
In a traditional organization, Development and Operations teams face various communication
challenges. Which is a proven tactic for the Development team to enable the Operations team to
solve known issues without any delays?

A. Developing and sharing knowledge articles

B. Sharing their experience of the Production environment
C. Sharing the required information to perform the same work
D. Taking the responsibility of solving any issues raised by the clients
A. Developing and sharing knowledge articles
Why does "Wall of Confusion" exist between Development and Operations in traditional IT
organizations?

A. Developers do not allow Operations' people to visit them during office hours.
B. The Operations team do not participate in meetings organized by the Development team.
C. The Development (Stability) and Operations (Change) teams have different priorities and
goals.
D.Some rogue developers diffuse the role of Operations by building their own cloud-based
platforms
C. The Development (Stability) and Operations (Change) teams have different priorities and
goals
What are the challenges between the Development and Operations teams in a traditional
organizations?
1. Blame game between Dev and Ops
2. Different tools used between Dev and Ops
3. No feedback loop between Dev and Ops
4. Variance in skill set levels between Dev and Ops

A. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1, 3, and 4
C. 1, 2, and 4
D. 2, 3, and 4
A. 1, 2, and 3
What are the three core ingredients of an antifragile organization?
1. Agile
2. DevOps
3. Kaizen Mindset
4. Lean Startup
5. Management Innovation

A. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1, 4, and 5
C. 2, 3, and 4
D. 2, 4, and 5
D. 2, 4, and 5
Which phrase fits BEST as a characteristic of a Lean startup?

A. Single piece of flow

B. Short feedback loops
C. Use of cloud platforms
D. Validated learning
D. Validated learning
Which phrase fits BEST as a characteristic of a DevOps team, which is part of an antifragile
organization?

A. Employee First
B. Honor Web-inspired value
C. Minimum Viable Bureaucracy
D. Self-management
D. Self-management
Which DevOps principle encourages "No Bureaucracy" and focuses on no barriers to ask
questions?

A. Automate everything you can

B. Continuous improvement
C. Create with the end in mind
D. Customer-centric action
D. Customer-centric action
Which DevOps principle focuses on product and service thinking?

A. Automate everything you can

B. Create with the end in mind
C. Continuous Improvement
D. Customer-centric action
B. Create with the end in mind
Which DevOps principle appreciates measuring processes, people, and tools?

A. Continuous improvement
B. Create with the end in mind
C. Cross-functional autonomous teams
D. End-to-end responsibility
A. Continuous improvement
What is required to have fully autonomous teams throughout the lifecycle of a product?

A. Balanced set of knowledge and skills

B. End-to-end responsibility
C. Risk taking ability
D. Transparency
A. Balanced set of knowledge and skills
What are the key characteristics of "End-to-End Responsibility" in a DevOps context?
1. Complementary skills
2. Concept to grave
3. Engineering mindset
4. Performance support
5. Automate everything you can

A. 1 and 5
B. 1, 2, and 5
C. 2 and 4
D. 2, 3, and 5
C. 2 and 4
Which tasks will you do to apply DevOps principle "Create with the End in Mind"?

1. Avoid Waterfall and process-oriented models.

2. Create a detailed product roadmap for the coming 3 years.
3. Strive towards the delivery of MVPs.
4. Optimize speed, cost, and ease of delivering.
5. Bring software into production, multiple times a day without hassle.

A. 1 and 3
B. 1, 3, and 4
C. 2 and 3
D. 2, 3, and 5
A. 1 and 3
Which Lean principle is explained by the "Just-in-Time" approach?

A. Flow
B. Perfection
C. Pull
D. Value Stream
A. Flow
Which are the characteristics of Agile thinking?

1. Encouraging fixed functionality, and flexible resources and time

2. Prioritizing user stories
3. Producing working software
4. Working in short iterations

A. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1, 3, and 4
C. 1, 2, and 4
D. 2, 3, and 4
D. 2, 3, and 4
Slide 20: DevOps Core Principles

Which DevOps principle advocates teams to renew their way of delivering services?

A. Automate everything you can

B. Continuous improvement
C. Create with the End in Mind
D. Cross-Functional Autonomous Teams
A. Automate everything you can
What is the primary goal of Agile?

A. Creating the culture of high-performance IT

B. Creating the culture of collaboration and automation
C. Creating roadmaps and a structured way of working
D. Satisfying the customer
D. Satisfying the customer
What are key reasons you should include when building a business case for DevOps?
1. Eliminate waste by breaking down silos.
2. Expand the product portfolio to customers.
3. Increase performance.
4. Spur innovation and creativity of your employees.

A. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1, 2, and 4
C. 1, 3, and 4
D. 2, 3, and 4
C. 1, 3, and 4
Which is one of the skill areas of DevOps Competence Framework?

A. Business Analysis
B. Business Value Optimization
C. Continuous Delivery
D. Continuous Improvement
D. Continuous Improvement
What is culture?

A. Behavior, mindset, and values of an organization

B. Performance level of the people in organization
C. Processes and tools of an organization
D. Organizational structure and division
A. Behavior, mindset, and values of an organization
What is the core of a DevOps culture?

A. People Mindset
B. Process Mindset
C. Service Mindset
D. Performance Mindset
C. Service Mindset
What are the three key aspects that can motivate anyone, according to Daniel Pink?

A. Autonomy, Mastery, and Purpose

B. Challenges, Opportunities, and Control
C. Learning, Development, and Recognition
D. Self-development, Self-esteem, and Self-actualization
A. Autonomy, Mastery, and Purpose
What are the characteristics of a product developed with the Service Mindset?
1. Customers are often unhappy.
2. Customers' feedback is incorporated frequently.
3. Errors are identified late in the process.
4. Solving problems is expensive.
5. The product has quality at the source.

A. 1, 2, and 5
B. 2 and 5
C. 2, 4, and 5
D. 3 and 5
B. 2 and 5
How does the Service Mindset help a DevOps team?
1. Developing high quality products
2. Providing continuous support to the customers throughout the product lifecycle
3. Encouraging integral responsibility among the team members
4. Ensuring team members to become specialists

5. Advocating digital and automated product delivery

A. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1, 2, 3, and 4
C. 1, 2, 3, and 5
D. 1, 2, 4, and 5
A. 1, 2, and 3
Select the suitable option considering the following assertion and the reason:
Assertion: DevOps teams are set up organizationally and technologically so that they are as
independent as possible.
Reason: The independent nature of DevOps teams helps them gain significant mastery to act on
behalf of their customers.

A. Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.

B. Both, Assertion and Reason, are correct. However, Reason does not support Assertion.
C. Both, Assertion and Reason, are correct. However, Reason partially supports Assertion.
D. Both, Assertion and Reason, are correct. In addition, Reason strongly supports the Assertion.
A. Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
Which phase of the DMAIC method includes defining and testing hypotheses for a given
problem?

A. Analyze
B. Define
C. Improve
D. Measure
A. Analyze
What can be the pitfall of collaboration for a DevOps team?

A. Decisions Times
B. Delivery Times
C. Different Perspectives
D. Group Thinking
D. Group Thinking
Which board of visual management serves as a repository for comments from customers and
employees?

A. Day Board
B. Improvement Board
C. Problem-solving Board
D. Week Board
D. Week Board
What is the goal of continuous improvement?

A. Communicate important information.

B. Deliver better value faster and cheaper.
C. Identify work and impediments.
D. Show how to perform a task.
B. Deliver better value faster and cheaper.
As part of the Kaizen Mindset, what is the aim of the Solving Problems behavior?
A. Accept the problems as a part of daily life.
B. Initiate required actions to identify the problems that need immediate solution.
C. Share the lessons learned with others in the IT organization.
D. Understand the root causes of problems.
D. Understand the root causes of problems.
What is the correct sequence of the four steps of the Feedback model?
A. 1. Describe concrete observations.
2. Explain what it does to you.
3. Wait and listen to clarifying questions.
4. Give concrete suggestions OR recognition/incentive.

B. 1. Explain what it does to you.

2. Describe concrete observations.
3. Wait and listen to clarifying questions.
4. Give concrete suggestions OR recognition/incentive.

C. 1. Wait and listen to clarifying questions.

2. Explain what it does to you.
3. Describe concrete observations.
4. Give concrete suggestions OR recognition/incentive.

D. 1. Wait and listen to clarifying questions.

2. Give concrete suggestions OR recognition/incentive.
3. Describe concrete observations.
4. Explain what it does to you.
A. 1. Describe concrete observations.
2. Explain what it does to you.
3. Wait and listen to clarifying questions.
4. Give concrete suggestions OR recognition/incentive.
How can leaders help develop a safe environment in an organization?

A. Telling the employees to bring innovation and creativity

B. Offering continuous support to customers
C. Sharing a good mission statement
D. Taking large steps when carrying out experiments to ensure quick results
C. Sharing a good mission statement
What is a key behavior within Mission Command?

A. Centralization
B. Compliance
C. Cooperation
D. Obedience
C. Cooperation
What characteristics should an organization adopt to become a DevOps organization?
1. Close to the customer
2. Creative action
3. Individual thinking
4. Fail fast
5. Problem avoidance
6. Specialist roles

A. 1, 2, and 4
B. 1, 2, and 6
C. 2, 3, and 4
D. 2, 4 and 5
A. 1, 2, and 4
Which tool can help understand how the desired behaviors and mindset in your organization are
developing?

A. Feedback Model
B. Service Mindset
C. Tracking Sheet
D. Visual Management
C. Tracking Sheet
You have been assigned the task of helping a group of engineers to become a DevOps team. You
already know that you need to work on creating a common culture. What will be your first step
to accomplish the task?

A. Create a checklist for developing a DevOps culture.

B. Ask the IT Management team for a set of rules for creating a DevOps culture.
C. Visit other IT organizations that have already developed a DevOps culture and borrow their
checklists for developing a DevOps culture.
D. Bring the team members together and ask them how they will embed the cultural principles.
D. Bring the team members together and ask them how they will embed the cultural principles.
Your IT organization is in the early phases of using DevOps principles. Your team does not have
sufficient knowledge of databases. Though, a Database Expert provides support to
your team, this support is limited. The reason being the Database Expert is a shared resource
with three other teams. What will you do in this situation?
A. Go to your Manager and claim the Database Expert for your team exclusively.
B. Live the situation the way it is, after all, your team gets the required support.
C. Take action to rapidly increase database knowledge among other members of your team.
D. Request extra budget to recruit a Database Expert.
C. Take action to rapidly increase database knowledge among other members of your team.
Your DevOps team is having trouble delivering a new version of the product for use by your
customers. You have adopted the concept of delivering work in cycles ("sprints") of two weeks,
but the team is unable to deliver the agreed upgrades. What should you have done to meet the
timelines?

A. Extend the sprint to four weeks to give yourself more time.

B. Shorten the sprint to take small steps and find the problems quickly.
C. Do nothing and hope that the team sorts itself out.
D. Stay away from the customer so that they cannot ask for more features while the team is
sorting the problems.
B. Shorten the sprint to take small steps and find the problems quickly.
Which behavior do you wish to track in your DevOps team?

A. We avoid leaving problems covered and unsolved.

B. We avoid disrupting our work by trying out new things.
C. We ensure that everybody knows their responsibilities.
D. We specialize our capabilities to ensure the highest possible level of knowledge in the team.
A. We avoid leaving problems covered and unsolved.
An organization maintains an independent and autonomous team for each of its services. What is
a disadvantage of this type of organization structure?

A. Dependencies among different teams is high.

B. Implementation of changes within a team is slow.
C. Reuse of knowledge and skills within the organization is limited.
D. Waiting time for processing the service request is high.
C. Reuse of knowledge and skills within the organization is limited.
Conway's law states that "Organizations which design systems are constrained to produce
designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations". The same is
also applicable for the design and delivery of IT services.

What kind of organizational model is preferred to overcome this problem from a DevOps
viewpoint?

A. Automate everything to take the waste out of processes inefficiencies.

B. Build teams around specific IT skills and optimize handovers between teams.
C. Focus on building an organization with effective service management processes.
D. Organize themselves around multiple small teams that are responsible for (part of a) services.
D. Organize themselves around multiple small teams that are responsible for (part of a) services.
An organization maintains autonomous teams for each of its services. All these teams can
develop and maintain their applications on a common platform, which is maintained by a
Platform team. The platform services are offered through self-service and automation.
What is an advantage of this organization structure?

A. The autonomous teams and Platform team are jointly responsible for the quality of service.
B. The infrastructure can be reused without impacting the autonomy of different teams.
C. The platform services are offered through automation and so do not require much
maintenance.
D. The responsibilities of all the services is held by one team, the Platform team.
B. The infrastructure can be reused without impacting the autonomy of different teams.
Which of the following are the characteristics of an activity-focused siloed organization?

1. Resources are specialty oriented, which means they perform one specific task in a chain of
events.
2. The organization is optimized for (process) speed/lowering cycle-time for a product.
3. Resources work on projects with a beginning and an end and resources can be assigned to
multiple projects at once.
4. Resources are part of a team that is related to the product throughout its entire lifecycle ('you
build it, you run it').

A. 1 and 3
B. 1 and 4
C. 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
A. 1 and 3
Which of the following are the characteristics of an product-focused organization?

1. Resources work on projects with a beginning and an end and resources can be assigned to
multiple projects at once.
2. Resources are organized in a team which is responsible for a product that an organization
delivers or maintains.
3. The organization is optimized for (process) speed/lowering cycle-time for a product.
4. The organization is optimized for resource utilization.

A. 1 and 3
B. 1 and 4
C. 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
C. 2 and 3
Erik is working in a Product team (or Business System team) specialized in a specific IT service
for the Sales department.

Which of the following types of activities will most likely be frequently returning in the agenda's
of Eriks team?

A. Many handovers moments with other departments.

B. Meetings on the utilization of the specialized resources within the organization.
C. Project meetings with all involved resources working in various departments.
D. Testing of the automated services of the involved platform teams.
D. Testing of the automated services of the involved platform teams.
In DevOps, Business System teams are autonomous teams, who "land" their application and
infrastructure code on a common platform. This common platform is maintained by a Platform
team.
What is the correct about the responsibilities of the these teams?

A. The Business System teams and the Platform team are jointly responsible for the quality of
the product/service.
B. When a product/service application is "landed" on the platform, the responsibility of the
product/service shifts from the Business System teams to the Platform team.
C. The Business System Team is only responsible for the development phase of new services
D. The Business System teams have an end-to-end responsibility, there is no handover or transfer
of responsibility and accountability.
D. The Business System teams have an end-to-end responsibility, there is no handover or transfer
of responsibility and accountability.
In DevOps, the Business System teams are structured around what characteristic?

A. The geographic location of the team members

B. The handover of responsibility and accountability
C. Distinct services and products
D. Similar skills and knowledge of the team members
C. Distinct services and products
For Business System teams that resemble a mini-startup, which lean principle should be applied
to stimulate learning?

A. Continuous Deployment
B. Innovation Accounting
C. Minimum Viable Product
D. Split Testing
C. Minimum Viable Product
For setting up autonomous Business System teams and Platform team, the analysis of customers,
technology stack, and required knowledge/skills is required.

What does technology stack includes?

A. The different technologies used by the Business System teams and the Platform team
B. The areas of responsibility for the Business System teams and the Platform team
C. The team structure based on different technology domains such as networking and database
administration.
D. The technology inputs from different Business System teams
B. The areas of responsibility for the Business System teams and the Platform team
Why is it important to know exactly who the customer is when setting up a Business Service
Team?
A. To understand the scope of the technology responsibility of the team
B. To know what kind of work the team will be handling
C. To determine what value should be delivered by the team.
D. To establish the required mix of skills and knowledge for the team
C. To determine what value should be delivered by the team.
For setting up autonomous teams, what is the appropriate mix of aspects that should be
considered?

A. Customer to be served, Processes to be followed, Number of teams to be set up

B. Customer to be served, Services to be delivered, Units-of-work to be processed
C. Services to be delivered, Processes to be followed, Units-of work to be processed
D. Services to be delivered, Units-of work to be processed, Number of teams to be set up
B. Customer to be served, Services to be delivered, Units-of-work to be processed
The decoupling point within the technology stack is a major factor in establishing autonomy for
the Business System teams.
What does "decoupling point" defines with reference to DevOps teams, such as Business System
Teams and Platform Teams?

A. Defines the demarcation of services between the different Business System teams.
B. Defines the demarcation of responsibility between the Business System teams and the
Platform team
C. Defines the units-of-work assigned to different Business System teams.
D. Defines the differences in customer requirements to segregate services based on requirements
B. Defines the demarcation of responsibility between the Business System teams and the
Platform team
The development of new software and IT services consist of functional and non-functional
requirements. When should the non-functional requirements be addressed in the development
process to deliver software and service faster and better?

A. From the initiation of the software development

B. After the functional acceptance test by the customer representatives
C. Simultaneous with the implementation of continuous delivery
D. The non-functional requirements are of no concern to the customers
A. From the initiation of the software development
Micro Services Architecture (MSA) is an approach for developing a single application as a
suite of small services. According to MSA, what is the guideline defined about coupling and
cohesion within services?

A. High coupling between services services; Low cohesion within services

B. Low coupling between between services; High cohesion within services
C. Low coupling between between services; Low cohesion within services
D. High coupling between services services; High cohesion within services
B. Low coupling between between services; High cohesion within services
What does 'resilience' means with reference to IT architecture?

A. Preparing systems, processes, and people for the changed requirements

B. Preparing systems, processes, and people for security threats
C. Preparing systems, processes, and people for the upgrades in technology
D. Preparing systems, processes, and people for the unexpected events
D. Preparing systems, processes, and people for the unexpected events
Organizations (such as Netflx) are using a simian army (the automated efforts of Chaos Monkey,
Chaos Gorilla, and a slew of other similar utilities) to simulate failure in the IT infrastructure by
random termination of instances to check for the resiliency of a system. What is the reason
behind this usage?

A. To speed up deployment of new systems.

B. To test the developed best-practices to deal with know and severe issues
C. To develop more resilient processes, tools, and capabilities
D. To guard the correct configuration of the IT infrastructure.
C. To develop more resilient processes, tools, and capabilities
What is correct about the Strangler Application approach for modifying legacy applications?

A. Involves frequent releases to develop new functionalities in the system

B. Is aimed at development of Cloud services
C. Often generate lot of unnecessary features and make the system complex
D. Re-architects the complete system in one cycle
A. Involves frequent releases to develop new functionalities in the system
In large organizations, often there is a need to coordinate the work across multiple teams who
jointly develop new services. Large body of work are broken down into smaller chunks, which
can be performed by individual teams. What is a best practice to jointly develop the
products/services successfully?

A. Automate the develop process as much as possible

B. Disciplined way of developing with extensive (integration) testing per sprint
C. Prioritization of Epics based on preference of individual teams
D. Strong focus on autonomous building, with integration testing done at a later state
B. Disciplined way of developing with extensive (integration) testing per sprint
When is there a need for a Scrum of Scrums meeting in an organization?

A. When multiple teams are jointly involved in the execution of a project

B. When customer demand keeps changing during a sprint
C. When the involved teams can deliver their value fully autonomous
D. When the team resources need to be assigned to multiple projects
A. When multiple teams are jointly involved in the execution of a project
What is the continuously evolving and ordered list of requirements and topics, required for
achieving optimal product value, called?

A. Epics
B. Feature Sets
C. Product Backlog
D. Sprint Backlog
C. Product Backlog
Which tool uses a simple set of rules to introduce Agility to an organization?

A. Kanban
B. Scrum
C. Story Mapping
D. Value Stream Mapping
B. Scrum
What is Kanban?

A. A simple set of rules to introduce Agility in an organization

B. A tool to visualize build-up of work
C. A Waterfall like approach
D. An open development framework
B. A tool to visualize build-up of work
Which option performs product increments within short iterations and is also considered to be an
open development framework?

A. Agile
B. Kanban
C. Lean
D. Scrum
D. Scrum
In a DevOps organization, it is important to bring software live in a matter of minutes. During
which phase of the ITSM process is this usually done?

A. Service Design
B. Service Operations
C. Service Strategy
D. Service Transition
D. Service Transition
How does ITIL Service Transition process "Service Management" map in a DevOps
organization?

A. Aligning IT with the needs of business following Agile practices

B. Bringing new software live in a matter of minutes through automation
C. Maintaining stable and fixed teams to avoid resource-switching between projects
D. Managin
A. Aligning IT with the needs of business following Agile practices
What is the characteristic of a DevOps organization?

A. All processes, except the ITSM Service Strategy, are part of the product development process.
B. ITSM processes are incorporated and executed inside stable Project teams taking the end-to-
end responsibility for a product.
C. ITSM Service Portfolio is maintained on the Kanban Board and is shared with the rest of the
organization.
D. The same team is involved in the Service Design, Service Transition, Service Operations, and
Service Improvement phases of the ITSM lifecycle.
D. The same team is involved in the Service Design, Service Transition, Service Operations, and
Service Improvement phases of the ITSM lifecycle.
Select the suitable option considering the following assertion and the reason:

Assertion: The pressure often builds on the teams following the traditional plandriven approach.

Reason: In a traditional plan-driven project, the one-time estimates performed at the beginning of
a project seldom work out as expected.

A. Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.

B. Both, Assertion and Reason, are correct. However, Reason does not support Assertion.
C. Both, Assertion and Reason, are correct. However, Reason partially supports Assertion.
D. Both, Assertion and Reason, are correct. In addition, Reason strongly supports the Assertion.
D. Both, Assertion and Reason, are correct. In addition, Reason strongly supports the Assertion.
Which parameter(s) is/are fixed while working in a value-driven Agile way?

1. Functionality
2. Resources
3. Quality
4. Time
A. Only 1
B. 1 and 2
C. 1, 3, and 4
D. 2, 3, and 4
D. 2, 3, and 4
What are the characteristics of a product focused organization?

1. Resources are oriented on delivering work, often requiring multiple skills.

2. Resources are specialty oriented.
3. The organization works with individuals who are interchanged.
4. The team follows the ideology: "you build it, you run it".
5. This type of organization is optimized for resource utilization.
A. 1 and 4
B. 1, 4, and 5
C. 1 and 5
D. 1, 3, 4, and 5
A. 1 and 4
What are the characteristics of resources for a product focused organization?

A. Resources are functionally organized.

B. Resources are oriented on delivering work requiring multiple skills.
C. Resources are specialty oriented.
D. Resources are assigned to multiple projects at once for resource optimization.
B. Resources are oriented on delivering work requiring multiple skills.
Which advantage of working Agile does the following graph depict?

A. Increased Business value

B. Increased Visibility
C. Reduced Costs
D. Reduced Risk
D. Reduced Risk
Which role should ensure that user stories adhere to the Definition of Ready (DoR)?

A. Multidisciplinary Team
B. Product Owner
C. Scrum Master
D. Service Manager
B. Product Owner
Which example can lead to the waste "Motion"?

A. A bottleneck in the end-to-end process

B. Lack of understanding on the product-vision
C. Task-switching among multiple assigned projects
D. Unavailability of meeting rooms
D. Unavailability of meeting rooms
Which type of waste is caused due to irregular meetings and handover-moments?

A. Motion
B. Non-Utilized Skills
C. Transportation
D. Waiting
D. Waiting
John is the Product Owner and is helping his team to understand the product's and the customer's
requirements. Which type of waste is he trying to eliminate?

A. Defects
B. Non-Utilized Skills
C. Transportation
D. Waiting
A. Defects
What is the Process Time Efficiency if the overall process time is 30 hours and the overall lead
time is 120 hours?

A. 4%
B. 25%
C. 33%
D. 400%
B. 25%
When do you spend time on adding additional comments concerning optimization during Value
Stream Mapping?
A. Assess activities
B. Define Activities
C. Define work in progress
D. Identify rework
A. Assess activities
How do you identify a bottleneck in the process causing the process flow to slow down?

A. When a high level of rework is detected

B. Whenever there is a high level of WiP between activities
C. When the Process Cycle time efficiency becomes lower than expected
D. Whenever there is waste introduced in the processs
B. Whenever there is a high level of WiP between activities
Which tool/task is used to test the new ideas and verify whether the hypothesis are correct?

A. Minimal Viable Product

B. Snapshot Deployment
C. Story Mapping
D. Value Stream Mapping
A. Minimal Viable Product
Which tool involves a lower risk in development as customer feedback is embedded into the
design process?

A. Minimal Viable Product

B. Snapshot Deployment
C. Story Mapping
D. Value Stream Mapping
C. Story Mapping
What is the lifecycle of Story Mapping?

A. 1. Establish a common overall goal

2. Determine the end-to-end workflow
3. Define a first marketable feature set
4. Expand/improve the existing functionality

B. 1. Establish a common overall goal

2. Define activities
3. Determine the end-to-end workflow
4. Expand/improve the existing functionality

C. 1. Establish a common overall goal

2. Define work in progress
3. Define activities
4. Define a first marketable feature set
5. Expand/improve the existing functionality
D. 1. Establish a common overall goal
2. Determine the end-to-end workflow
3. Define activities
4. Define a first marketable feature set
5. Expand/improve the existing functionality
A. 1. Establish a common overall goal
2. Determine the end-to-end workflow
3. Define a first marketable feature set
4. Expand/improve the existing functionality
The task classification quadrant defined by Charles Perrow includes two dimensions: Tasks
Variability and Tasks Analyzability.
What is the correct definition of these two dimensions?

A.
Task Variability: Number of exceptions to standard procedures
Task Analyzability: Extent to which methods are available for analyzing the
exceptions
B.
Task Variability: Number of standard procedures followed
Task Analyzability: Extent to which processes are impacted by the exceptions
C.
Task Variability: Number of applications in which a particular exception occurred
Task Analyzability: Number of people involved in analyzing an exception
D.
Task Variability: Number of exceptions occurred during a particular period of time
Task Analyzability: Number of processes that generated the exception
A.
Task Variability: Number of exceptions to standard procedures
Task Analyzability: Extent to which methods are available for analyzing the
exceptions
What type of tasks are characterized by low task variability and high tasks analyzability?

A. Routine
B. Craft
C. Engineering
D. Non-Routine
A. Routine
What is the correct definition of "technical complexity" as defined by Joan Woodward?

A. Extent to which the updates in the technology can be implemented in a process

B. Extent to which a process can be programmed so that the it can be controlled and made
predictable
C. Extent to which the waiting time in the process can be reduced through automation
D. Extent to which the variability and deviations can be reduced in a process through programs
B. Extent to which a process can be programmed so that the it can be controlled and made
predictable
Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Statement 1: Automating existing tasks and procedures for a process-driven delivery process is
equivalent to implementing Continuous Delivery.

Statement 2: Automated task execution requires standardization, based on minimal required

variations.

A. Only Statement 1 is correct.

B. Only Statement 2 is correct.
C. Both statements are correct.
D. Neither of the two statements is correct.
B. Only Statement 2 is correct.
What is the concept of ensuring the creation of components (such as network components and
server components) using an automated process called?

A. Automated Build
B. Automated Deployment
C. Automated Provisioning
D. Automated Test
C. Automated Provisioning
What is the correct difference between Continuous Delivery and Continuous Deployment?

A. Continuous Delivery is a manual task, while Continuous Deployment is an automated task.

B. Continuous Delivery has a manual release to production decision, while Continuous
Deployment has releases automatically pushed to production.
C. Continuous Delivery includes all steps of software development life cycle; Continuous
Deployment may skip few steps such as validation and testing.
D. Continuous Delivery means complete delivery of the application to customer; Continuous
Deployment includes only deployment of the application in customer environment.
B. Continuous Delivery has a manual release to production decision, while Continuous
Deployment has releases automatically pushed to production.
Different sources of feedback can be collected during the delivery and exploitation of software to
analyze the internal and external quality of software. Which of the following provides feedback
on the external quality of software?

A. Automated unit test results

B. Code review results
C. Automated functional test results
D. Automated static code analysis results
C. Automated functional test results
Which of the following is/are the appropriate characteristic of Continuous Delivery approach?
1. Complex, but less number of releases
2. A focus on cycle time reduction
3. Resource-based management of the process
4. Self-managed and responsive teams
A. 1 and 3
B. 2 and 4
C. 1, 2, and 3
D. 1, 2, 3, and 4
B. 2 and 4
Which of the following statements correctly describes the relation between Continuous Delivery
and DevOps?

A. Continuous Delivery is a component of DevOps.

B. Continuous Delivery and DevOps have the same origin and focus equally on the same
aspects.
C. Continuous Delivery and DevOps complement each other and are based on similar principles
and concepts.
D. Continuous Delivery and DevOps are based on similar aspects, but Continuous Delivery
focuses on manual optimization and DevOps focus on automation.
C. Continuous Delivery and DevOps complement each other and are based on similar principles
and concepts.
With automated testing, which of the following tests is fastest and least expensive?

A. Manual Tests
B. UI Tests
C. System Tests
D. Unit Tests
D. Unit Tests
Which component provides the first feedback on the quality of committed application code
changes?

A. Automated Build
B. Automated Test
C. Automated Deployment
D. Automated Provisioning
A. Automated Build
What is the correct benefit of automated provisioning?

A. Flexible approach to ad-hoc system changes

B. Focus on operational perspective to control infrastructure changes
C. High speed delivery of new environments
D. Variability in application environments
C. High speed delivery of new environments
What is Docker?

A. An advanced system of cloud services that provide services from storage to computation
B. A commercial web service that let smaller companies rent computers on which they could run
their own computer applications
C. A software system that allows the execution of multiple virtual guest operating systems
simultaneously on a single machine
D. An open-source project which allows to package an application with all of its dependencies
into a standardized unit for software development
D. An open-source project which allows to package an application with all of its dependencies
into a standardized unit for software development
In which cloud service model the application components (applications and data) are managed
by the service consumer and middleware and infrastructure is managed by the service provider?

A. On-premise
B. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
C. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
D. Software as a Service (SaaS)
C. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Which concept enables dynamic adaptation to different system loads?

A. Elasticity
B. Abstraction
C. Metering
D. Multitenancy
A. Elasticity
Select the suitable option considering the examples for Request Products and Use Products use
cases.

Request Products: You can use the Amazon AWS Console to launch a new EC2 instance.

Use Products: The server is launched and initialized. You can connect to the instance.

A. Only example for Request Products is correct.

B. Only example for Use Products is correct.
C. Both examples are correct.
D. Neither of the two examples is correct.
C. Both examples are correct.
A DevOps Platform team builds a middleware server product on top of a public cloud service
which delivers a virtual machine including the operating system. What is this an example of?

A. An in-house Software as a Service (SaaS) product based on a public Platform as a Service

(PaaS) product
B. A public Software as a Service (SaaS) product on a public Platform as a Service (PaaS)
product
C. An in-house Platform as a Service (PaaS) product based on a public Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS) product
D. A public Platform as a Service (PaaS) product based on a public Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS) product
C. An in-house Platform as a Service (PaaS) product based on a public Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS) product
What is the role of a Cloud Service Broker?

A. Designs the cloud solution and develop the right cloud architecture based on consumer's
needs
B. Owns, controls, and provides the cloud computing services
C. Provides transport level infrastructure to the cloud and connects cloud service provider and
the consumers
D. Provides intermediation services between the consumer and provider
D. Provides intermediation services between the consumer and provider
What is the correct characteristic for automatic provisioning where systems are managed as
cattle?

A. Each system is unique and is assigned a distinct name.

B. When a system is not working, it is analyzed and fixed.
C. A set of systems is updated and configured centrally.
D. Most systems become unique over time as a result of the applied manual changes.
C. A set of systems is updated and configured centrally.
What is correct about automated provisioning of mutable components?

A. Components need to be changed manually after they have been created.

B. Maintenance of each provisioned component is handled individually.
C. A Configuration Management Database (CMDB) can be utilized to capture the desired state
configuration of the component types. Systems are updated regularly with the desired state.
D. The lifecycle management of mutable components is typically not included in the setup for
automated provisioning.
C. A Configuration Management Database (CMDB) can be utilized to capture the desired state
configuration of the component types. Systems are updated regularly with the desired state.
What model is used by Desired State Configuration (DSC) for specifying the configuration of
systems?

A. Declarative
B. Imperative
C. Procedural
D. Sequential
A. Declarative
What is an example of application design guidelines for building mature, cloud optimized
applications?

A. Agile Manifesto
B. 11-Factor Applications
C. Reactive Manifesto
D. SOLID
C. Reactive Manifesto
Which of the following platform capabilities can be offered to DevOps Business System Teams,
helping them to run their application(s)?
1. Application management self services
2. Billing services
3. Logging self services
4. Monitoring self services

A. 1 and 3
B. 1, 3, and 4
C. 2, 3, and 4
D. 1, 2, 3, and 4
D. 1, 2, 3, and 4
The platform products control the freedom and restrictions for the DevOps Business System
teams. Which cloud services classification will offer the greatest number of restrictions?

A. On-Premise
B. IaaS
C. PaaS
D. SaaS
D. SaaS
According to DevOps, what is the correct approach about measurement?

A. Measure only performance and processes

B. Measure only processes and people
C. Measure only people, performance, and processes
D. Measure everything that can be measured
D. Measure everything that can be measured
What motto would best describe the "Third Way" focus in the Three Ways model of Gene Kim?

A. Fail fast, fail often

B. Practice creates habits
C. You get what you design for
D. You build it, you run it
A. Fail fast, fail often
The "Second Way" in the Three Ways model of Gene Kim is focused on creating a right to left
feedback loop. Why is that important?

A. To control the people working in the process

B. To get a better understanding and a better response
C. To help with compliancy
D. To prevent budget overruns
B. To get a better understanding and a better response
A conceptual framework of DevOps is CALMS. What does "M" represent in CALMS?

A. Managed
B. Measurement
C. Metrics
D. Modulated
B. Measurement
What is the correct characteristic for DevOps with regard to problems?

A. Problems are ignored.

B. Problems are polished over.
C. Problems are considered opportunities.
D. Positive stories are considered better than problems.
C. Problems are considered opportunities.
What is the correct statement about implementation of measurements within an organization?

A. Defining good measurements are enough for business improvement.

B. Differences in measurements can lead to confrontation within organization; so
measurements should be avoided.
C. Measurement of one aspect can often represent the overall business scenario.
D. Organizations should establish a balanced view to confront the measurements and draw the
right conclusion.
D. Organizations should establish a balanced view to confront the measurements and draw the
right conclusion.
What is the correct characteristic for performance metrics?

A. Performance metrics are output oriented.

B. Performance metrics are difficult to measure.
C. Performance metrics are easy to improve.
D. Performance metrics are also known as leading indicators.
A. Performance metrics are output oriented.
Which of the following is a performance metrics for stability?

A. Deployment Frequency
B. Lead Time
C. Mean Time to Recover (MTTR)
D. Volume of Defects
C. Mean Time to Recover (MTTR)
Which of the following is a performance metrics for throughput?

A. Change Fail Rate

B. Deployment Frequency
C. Mean Time to Recover (MTTR)
D. Percentage Change in User Volume
B. Deployment Frequency
What is an appropriate practice regarding the throughput and stability in IT?

A. Developers merge their code into trunk only after the code is finalized.
B. Development and Operations should work autonomously, without much interaction.
C. Logging and monitoring system should generate regular and appropriate alerts.
D. Developers should focus on development of large features in one development cycle.
C. Logging and monitoring system should generate regular and appropriate alerts.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Statement 1: Automated testing has a positive impact on both the stability and throughput of
changes.
Statement 2: Extensive logging and monitoring has a negative impact on the health of the IT
services.

A. Only Statement 1 is correct.

B. Only Statement 2 is correct.
C. Both statements are correct.
D. Neither of the two statements is correct.
A. Only Statement 1 is correct.
What does Continuous Delivery means with regard to application development in DevOps?

1. A number of applications are always under development so that the delivery cycle does not get
halted.
2. The application/software is always production ready throughout its entire lifecycle.
3. The modules in an application should be autonomous and any module can be delivered
without its dependency on the other module.
4. Sufficient resources should be available to ensure continuous development and delivery of
software at all times.
2. The application/software is always production ready throughout its entire lifecycle.
What is correct about culture in a DevOps setup?

A. Culture in DevOps is a secondary aspect, which do not require much attention.

B. In DevOps, a cultural difference between Development and Operational teams is preferred.
C. Culture similarity between the different teams will diminish the autonomy of the teams
according to DevOps.
D. DevOps suggests that high-trust organizational culture is required for better performance.
D. DevOps suggests that high-trust organizational culture is required for better performance.
From the given list, what are the appropriate predictors of IT performance in a DevOps
environment?

1. Changes approved by an external team members

2. High-trust organizational culture
3. Proactive monitoring
4. Version control of all artifacts

A. 2 and 4
B. 1, 2, and 4
C. 2, 3, and 4
D. 1, 2, 3, and 4
C. 2, 3, and 4
What is the correct approach with regard to proactive monitoring as a predictor of IT
performance?

A. A dedicated team practicing monitoring of all products and services of the organization.
B. Each time practicing monitoring of its own products and services.
C. All teams practicing monitoring of each other's products and services.
D. No need of proactive monitoring for each product.
B. Each time practicing monitoring of its own products and services.
In a traditional setup, what should an organization do to
avoid problems that occur in production?

A. Encourage group discussions between Development

and QA teams in the earlier phases of product
development.
B. Encourage sharing the required information between
the Development and Operations teams.
C. Automate feedback from customers on usability
issues.
D. Develop knowledge articles for unknown issues.
B. Encourage sharing the required information between
the Development and Operations teams.
Which way can help you dissolve the Wall of Confusion?

A. Advocating people to be end-to-end responsible for

delayed delivery or errors
B. Avoiding feedback loops to prevent delays
C. Implementing different ways to perform a given work
to ensure compatibility
D. Executing build rollbacks to maintain data accuracy
A. Advocating people to be end-to-end responsible for
delayed delivery or errors
How does DevOps help in reducing risk associated with
digital transformation?

1. Deploying often and in smaller, indivisible groups allow

engineers to troubleshoot and resolve issues faster.
2. Scalability could be quickly achieved, helping the business
stay ahead of the competition.
3. Security could be easily introduced to the software
delivery life cycle and helps save both time and effort.
4. Systems not only entertains the functional requirements
but also meets the nonfunctional requirements

A. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1, 2, and 4
C. 1, 3, and 4
D. 2, 3, and 4
C. 1, 3, and 4
Which DevOps principle focuses on increasing efficiency and
consistency in the product deployment process?
A. Customer-Centric Action
B. Create with the End in Mind
C. Cross Functional Autonomous Teams
D. Automate Everything You Can
D. Automate Everything You Can
Which DevOps principle best supports the vertical
organization of teams?

A. Cross Functional Autonomous Teams

B. Continuous Improvement
C. Create with the End in Mind
D. End-to-End Responsibility
D. End-to-End Responsibility
Which characteristic supports an open DevOps culture?

A. Removal of unnecessary bureaucracy

B. Individual technical specialists
C. Not taking risks during development
D. Stable systems that seldom change
A. Removal of unnecessary bureaucracy
Which DevOps principle has a high trust culture and the
avoidance of blame as key elements?

A. Automate everything you can

B. Cross-functional autonomous teams
C. Continuous improvement
D. Create with the end in mind
B. Cross-functional autonomous teams
Which of the following ways to measure success is
input-oriented?

A. Continuous Improvement
B. Leading Indicators
C. Performance Metrics
D. Survivorship Bias
B. Leading Indicators
When an organization decides to work the DevOps way,
what should be the logical next move?

A. Define measures that the organization wants to use to

track the progress.
B. Formulate the reasons why the organization wants to
apply DevOps principles.
C. Identify short-, medium-, and long-term goals that the
organization wants to achieve.
D. Implement built-in controls, audit trails, and risk-aware
and autonomous teams.
B. Formulate the reasons why the organization wants to
apply DevOps principles.
Which descriptions best differentiate the I-shaped profiles
from the T-shaped ones?

A. I-shaped profiles are focused on functional disciplinary

skills, whereas T-shaped ones can apply knowledge
across situations.
B. I-shaped profiles are masters of a specific area
with knowledge across different domains, whereas
T-shaped ones are masters of multiple areas having
the capability to provide the overall holistic view of a
given situation.
C. I-shaped profiles are vertical lines (only specialism),
whereas T-shaped ones are horizontal (only
generalism).
D. The only point of difference between the two is the
capability to have effective collaboration across teams.
A. I-shaped profiles are focused on functional disciplinary skills, whereas T-shaped ones can
apply knowledge across situations.
Which practice will you follow to facilitate a culture of
product thinking within the teams?

A. Allow people to fail safely.

B. Encourage customers to attend demos.
C. Let people figure out how to do things.
D. Use an instant sandbox environment.
B. Encourage customers to attend demos.
What is the role of Day Board in Visual Management?

A. Ensures the work is planned and agreed, and Key

Performance Indicators are defined.
B. Manages the progress of work using a simple setup or
a complicated approach.
C. Pushes team members to share solutions and learning.
D. Serves as a repository for comments from customers
and employees.
B. Manages the progress of work using a simple setup or a complicated approach.
Which step of the DMAIC method defines and tests
hypotheses regarding the problem?

A. Analyze
B. Control
C. Define
D. Measure
A. Analyze
What are the behavioral trends of leading a team through
Central Command?

1. Decentralization
2. Informality
3. Obedience
4. Tight Rein (Imposed Discipline)

A. 1 and 3
B. 2 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 3 and 4
D. 3 and 4
Which is the best way to grow a culture in which people pay
attention to the level of quality?

A. Create an environment in which it is safe to fail.

B. Eliminate handover moments.
C. Strive towards complete autonomy of the teams.
D. Test and deliver often to correlate test results to
recently performed tasks.
D. Test and deliver often to correlate test results to
recently performed tasks.
Which dysfunction relates to a team of individuals who often
result in disappointed progress?

A. Fear of conflict
B. Avoidance of accountability
C. Lack of commitment
D. Lack of trust
D. Lack of trust
What is the "specialty oriented" characteristic of an activityfocused
organization?

A. Resources are added to specific resource pools

reflecting specialisms.
B. Resources perform one specific task in a chain of
events at a time.
C. Resources work on multiple projects at the same time.
D. The organization is structured for resource
optimization.
B. Resources perform one specific task in a chain of
events at a time.
Which are the process-throughput related issues in siloed
organizations?

1. Buildup of Work in Progress (WIP)

2. Difficult for resources to improve
3. Low responsibility for end-result
4. Too much product-focus

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 1 and 4
D. 1, 2, and 3
D. 1, 2, and 3
What is the focus of the Technology Stack design criteria for
autonomous teams?

A. People who use the service

B. Responsibility of the business process
C. The knowledge and skills the team require
D. The team's area of responsibility
D. The team's area of responsibility
What is the characteristic of autonomous teams?

A. Communication between teams is unimportant as the

focus is on working independently from each other.
B. The teams are responsible for the qualities of their
products, such as availability and performance.
C. The teams operate collaboratively to deliver individual
packages of software changes.
D. There is proper methodical handover or transfer of
responsibility and accountability.
B. The teams are responsible for the qualities of their
products, such as availability and performance.
What are the complex dynamics that enterprises usually
deal with during the scaling process?

1. Complex Products and Dependencies

2. Emergent Practices
3. Experimentation
4. Turbulent Markets

A. 1 and 4
B. 2 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 3 and 4
A. 1 and 4
Which is the possible focus area of DevOps Business Service
teams?

A. Common strategy and governance

B. Close integration with the customers
C. Formal processes to manage services
D. Process Manager for ITIL processes
B. Close integration with the customers
Which component of ITIL 4 Service Value System refers to a
set of organizational resources designed to perform work or
accomplish an objective?

A. Continual Improvement
B. Governance
C. Practices
D. Service Value Chain
C. Practices
Which ITIL 4 practices are used by Business System teams
in their day-to-day activities?

1. Portfolio Management
2. Continual Improvement
3. Incident Management
4. Release Management

A. 1 and 2
B. 1, 2, and 3
C. 2, 3, and 4
D. 3 and 4
C. 2, 3, and 4
Which possible improvement can help organizations
improve the flow of work?

A. Creating flow through push

B. Determining work in progress
C. Making process policies explicit
D. Visualizing the MVP
C. Making process policies explicit
Which Lean principle focuses on evaluating all the activities
of the business process from the customer's perspective?

A. Flow
B. Perfection
C. Pull
D. Value Stream
D. Value Stream
Which type of waste relates to a user story that is not yet
finished (as per the Definition of Done)?

A. Inventory
B. Overprocessing
C. Transportation
D. Waiting
A. Inventory
Which product development approach is plan-driven and
starts with a complete design?
A. Agile
B. DevOps
C. Lean
D. Traditional waterfall