EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)

Submitted to: Phys. Lett. B. CERN-EP-2021-063

2nd July 2021

Search for new phenomena √ in three- or four-lepton

arXiv:2107.00404v1 [hep-ex] 1 Jul 2021

events in 𝒑 𝒑 collisions at 𝒔 = 13 TeV with the

ATLAS detector

The ATLAS Collaboration

A search with minimal model dependence for physics beyond the Standard Model in events
featuring three or four leptons (3ℓ and 4ℓ, ℓ = 𝑒, 𝜇) is presented. The analysis aims to be
sensitive to a wide range of potential new-physics theories simultaneously. This analysis uses
data from 𝑝 𝑝 collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of
√
𝑠 = 13 TeV and recorded with the ATLAS detector, corresponding to the full Run 2 dataset
of 139 fb−1 . The 3ℓ and 4ℓ phase space is divided into 22 event categories according to
the number of leptons in the event, the missing transverse momentum, the invariant mass of
the leptons, and the presence of leptons originating from a 𝑍-boson candidate. These event
categories are analysed independently for the presence of deviations from the Standard Model.
No statistically significant deviations from the Standard Model predictions are observed. Upper
limits for all signal regions are reported in terms of the visible cross-section.

© 2021 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS Collaboration.

Reproduction of this article or parts of it is allowed as specified in the CC-BY-4.0 license.
1 Introduction

Despite the success of the Standard Model (SM) [1–4] in describing the interactions of elementary particles,
there remain observations that suggest the existence of additional phenomena [5–9]. Many theories
of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM theories) have been proposed that feature final states in
high-energy proton–proton (𝑝 𝑝) collisions with exactly three or four leptons (3ℓ and 4ℓ, where ℓ = 𝑒, 𝜇 in
this paper). An example is supersymmetry (SUSY), where neutralino and chargino production [10] yields
three leptons and a neutrino through an intermediate 𝑊 𝑍 state, and where di-Higgs production [11] yields
four or more leptons. Furthermore, enhanced flavour-changing decay cross-section of top quarks at the
loop level may lead to anomalous production of 3ℓ final states with respect to the SM [12]. Multiple types
of seesaw models can produce multilepton final states alongside neutrinos [13–17]. Adding an additional
Higgs triplet to the SM Lagrangian [18, 19] potentially leads to a doubly charged Higgs particle [20,
21] which can decay into two leptons, leading to a four-lepton final state if produced in pairs. Theories
predicting such a particle include left–right symmetric models [22, 23], scalar singlet dark matter [24] and
the Zee–Babu model [25]. Conclusive evidence for any of these BSM theories has thus far been elusive.
Many dedicated analyses within the LHC experimental collaborations are being performed to search for
such evidence. However, the vast number of theories means that it would be difficult to perform a dedicated
analysis for each model. This motivates the desire to establish instead a search that does not rely on a
specific model for its signal description (henceforth called ‘model-independent’), which can cover a wide
range of signatures to seek indicators of exotic physics.
The analysis presented here is committed to investigating a large phase space while making few prior
assumptions about the nature of new-physics processes. As such, it is expected to be sensitive to a large
number of signals that could be populating the ATLAS data, albeit with a lower sensitivity than a dedicated
analysis could achieve. Partial overlap with dedicated analyses is expected, but since these are typically
tuned to specific models they do not consider the full phase space. For instance, Ref. [26] also studies
4ℓ final states, but does not consider events with low four-lepton invariant masses and missing transverse
momenta.
The analysis aims to uncover evidence of BSM physics. Failing that, it can provide a set of upper limits on
the visible cross-section, which can be reinterpreted as upper limits on BSM models of interest. The upper
limits on two benchmark models derived in this fashion, a Type-III seesaw model [27] and a doubly-charged
Higgs model [28] are compared with those obtained using dedicated analyses.
For this analysis, the full 𝑝 𝑝 dataset collected by the ATLAS experiment during the 2015–2018 data-taking
period is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 delivered by the LHC. Events
featuring exactly three or four charged leptons are categorised into signal regions based on the invariant
mass of the leptons, the missing transverse momentum and the presence of a lepton pair compatible with
originating from a 𝑍-boson decay. The observations in such regions are individually used to probe for the
presence of a BSM signal. Control regions are established to extract a normalisation of the most prominent
SM backgrounds, which are leptonically decaying 𝑊 𝑍 and 𝑍 𝑍 diboson pairs, and for the estimation of the
contribution from interactions producing lepton candidates from heavy-flavor hadrons decays or hadronic
particles misidentified as leptons. In each region, a SM-only hypothesis is compared with a hypothesis
assuming the SM plus an additional number of BSM events as a free parameter.
A previous general multilepton search with the ATLAS detector was performed using 20.3 fb−1 of 𝑝 𝑝
√
collisions at 𝑠 = 8 TeV [29]. Compared to that search, the current analysis uses a larger dataset collected
√
at 𝑠 = 13 TeV and assigns 4ℓ events to multiple separate regions, but does not consider hadronic 𝜏-lepton

2
 √
decays. A strategy for a general search was outlined in Ref. [30] using 3.2 fb−1 of data at 𝑠 = 13 TeV.
That search uses fewer data events and a coarser background estimation, but offers a broader selection of
final states, including multilepton final states, and performs tests with additional variables. Furthermore, a
similar search, also testing multilepton final states, has been performed by the CMS Collaboration with
√
137 fb−1 of 𝑝 𝑝 collisions at 𝑠 = 13 TeV [31].

2 ATLAS detector

The ATLAS experiment [32] at the LHC is a multipurpose particle detector with a forward–backward
symmetric cylindrical geometry and a near 4𝜋 coverage in solid angle.1 It consists of an inner tracking
detector (ID) surrounded by a thin superconducting solenoid providing a 2 T axial magnetic field,
electromagnetic and hadron calorimeters, and a muon spectrometer. The inner tracking detector covers
the pseudorapidity range |𝜂| < 2.5. It consists of silicon pixel (with the insertable B-layer installed
before Run 2 [33, 34]), silicon microstrip, and transition radiation tracking detectors. In the range
|𝜂| < 3.2, hermetic lead/liquid-argon (LAr) sampling calorimeters provide electromagnetic (EM) energy
measurements with high granularity. The central region, |𝜂| < 1.8, is additionally instrumented with
a thin LAr presampling detector to correct for energy losses in the inactive material in front of the
detector. A steel/scintillator-tile hadronic calorimeter covers the central pseudorapidity range |𝜂| < 1.7.
The endcap and forward regions are instrumented with LAr calorimeters for both the EM and hadronic
energy measurements up to |𝜂| = 4.9. The muon spectrometer surrounds the calorimeters. It consists of
three large superconducting air-core toroidal magnets with eight coils each. The field integral of the toroids
ranges between 2.0 and 6.0 T m across most of the detector. The muon spectrometer includes three layers
of precision tracking chambers, allowing precise muon momentum measurements up to |𝜂| = 2.7, and
fast detectors for triggering up to |𝜂| = 2.4. A two-level trigger system [35] is used to select events. The
first-level trigger is implemented in hardware and uses a subset of the detector information to accept events
at a rate below 100 kHz. This is followed by a software-based trigger that reduces the accepted event rate
to 1 kHz on average depending on the data-taking conditions.

3 Data and simulated events

√
This analysis uses 𝑝 𝑝 collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 𝑠 = 13 TeV, collected by the ATLAS
detector and corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 . Only data recorded during stable
beam conditions with all ATLAS detector subsystems operational [36] have been included. Dilepton
triggers [37, 38] covering all lepton flavour combinations (𝑒𝑒, 𝑒𝜇 and 𝜇𝜇) are used. The transverse
momentum (𝑝 T ) requirements of these triggers depend on the data-taking period. For the dielectron trigger,
these requirements are 12 GeV in 2015, 17 GeV in 2016, and 24 GeV in 2017–18. For the dimuon trigger,
they are 18 and 8 GeV in 2015 and 22 and 8 GeV in 2016–18.2 For the mixed-flavour trigger, the 𝑝 T

1 ATLAS uses a right-handed coordinate system with its origin at the nominal interaction point (IP) in the centre of the detector
and the 𝑧-axis along the beam pipe. The 𝑥-axis points from the IP to the centre of the LHC ring, and the 𝑦-axis points
upwards. Cylindrical coordinates (𝑟, 𝜙) are used in the transverse plane, 𝜙 being the azimuthal angle around the 𝑧-axis.
The pseudorapidity
√︁ is defined in terms of the polar angle 𝜃 as 𝜂 = − ln tan(𝜃/2). Angular distance is measured in units of
Δ𝑅 ≡ (Δ𝜂) + (Δ𝜙) 2 .
2
2 At least one muon must pass the higher 𝑝 requirement and a second muon at least the lower 𝑝 requirement.
T T

3
requirement is 17 GeV for the electron and 14 GeV for the muon. These trigger choices correspond to the
dilepton triggers with the lowest 𝑝 T requirements available during each data-taking year.
Expected event rates due to SM processes that can result in 3ℓ and 4ℓ final states were estimated using a
combination of Monte Carlo (MC) event generation and data-driven techniques. Event generators based
on MC methods were used to estimate the total expected contributions from SM processes producing
only prompt leptons.3 The dominant SM backgrounds are the production of two vector bosons decaying
leptonically: 𝑊 𝑍 for the 3ℓ final states and 𝑍 𝑍 for the 4ℓ final states. Subleading prompt-lepton
backgrounds that contribute are triboson production, and processes which include at least one top quark:
𝑡 𝑡¯𝑋 (𝑋 = 𝑊, 𝑍, 𝐻), 𝑡𝑍, 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑊𝑊 and 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑡 𝑡¯.
All diboson and triboson (𝑉𝑉 and 𝑉𝑉𝑉, where 𝑉 = 𝑊, 𝑍) production, including off-shell production, was
simulated with the Sherpa 2.2.2 [39] generator. The NNPDF3.0nnlo set of PDFs was used [40], along with
the dedicated set of tuned parton-shower parameters developed by the Sherpa authors. The matrix element
calculations were matched and merged with the Sherpa parton shower [41] based on Catani–Seymour
dipole factorisation [42, 43] using the MEPS@NLO prescription [44–47]. Diboson events were generated
at next-to-leading-order (NLO) accuracy in QCD for up to one additional parton and at leading-order (LO)
accuracy for two and three additional parton emissions. Electroweak 𝑉𝑉 𝑗 𝑗 ( 𝑗 = jet) events were generated
at LO. This contribution includes Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion (with 𝐻 → 𝑍 𝑍). It
also includes triboson processes where one boson decays hadronically, including 𝑉 𝐻 → 𝑉𝑉𝑉 → 𝑉𝑉 𝑗 𝑗.
Loop-induced production of 𝑍 𝑍 events via gluon–gluon fusion was simulated using matrix elements
accurate at LO for up to one additional parton emission for both the fully leptonic and semileptonic final
states. This contribution includes 𝑔𝑔 → 𝐻 → 𝑍 𝑍.
Triboson events were generated at NLO for the inclusive process and at LO for up to two additional parton
emissions. The virtual QCD corrections were provided by the OpenLoops library [48–50]. This process
includes only on-shell fully leptonic decays.
The production of 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑉, 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑊𝑊, 𝑡𝑍𝑞 and 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑡 𝑡¯ events was modelled using the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO v2.3 [51]
(v2.2 for 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑊𝑊) generator, while 𝑡 𝑡¯𝐻 events [52] were modelled using the PowhegBox [53–56] v2 generator
with the ℎdamp parameter set to 1.5 𝑚 top [57]. Events were generated at NLO for 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑉 and 𝑡 𝑡¯𝐻. The 𝑡𝑍𝑞,
𝑡 𝑡¯𝑊𝑊 and 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑡 𝑡¯ processes were modelled at LO with their cross-sections normalised to NLO predictions [51].
The NNPDF3.0nlo [40] PDF was used. The events were interfaced to Pythia8.210 (8.230 for 𝑡𝑍𝑞) [58]
using a set of tuned parameters called the A14 tune [59] and the NNPDF2.3lo [40] PDF set. Collectively,
these events are referred to as the top-quark background.
For model-specific interpretation of the analysis, signal samples were generated for Type-III seesaw
model heavy leptons and doubly charged Higgs (𝐻 ±± ) particles decaying leptonically. The simplified
Type-III seesaw model was included in the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO v2.3.3 generator at LO with an
implementation using FeynRules [60], described in Ref. [27]. Implementation details are described
in Ref. [17]. Samples of 𝐻 ±± events were generated at LO using the left–right-symmetry package of
Pythia8.186, which provides the 𝐻 ±± scenario described in Ref. [28]. Implementation details are described
in Ref. [21]. The parton shower was provided by Pythia8.230 (Pythia8.186) for the Type-III seesaw
(𝐻 ±± ) model using the NNPDF2.3lo PDF set and the A14 tune [59]. Cross-sections for both samples were
normalised to NLO.

3 A lepton is prompt if none of the particles in its production chain, traced back to the interaction point of the 𝑝 𝑝 collision, are
hadrons.

4
The ATLAS detector simulation [61] employing the Geant44 [62] framework was used to model the
detector response in MC events. The effect of pile-up was incorporated into the simulation by overlaying
additional inelastic 𝑝 𝑝 events onto hard-scatter events. These were generated with Pythia8 [58] using
the A3 tune [63] and the MSTW2008LO [64] PDF set. Events were simulated with discrete values for the
expected mean number of interactions and then weighted to match the distribution that is observed per
bunch crossing in data.

4 Object selection

All events in the analysis are required to have a primary vertex, defined as the vertex with the highest value
Í
of 𝑝 2T of its associated tracks, which must include at least two with 𝑝 T > 0.5 GeV. Electron and muon
candidates are required to originate from the primary vertex.
Requirements common to both electron and muon candidates are 𝑝 T > 25 GeV and |𝜂| < 2.47. For the
purposes of matching tracks to the primary vertex, the track impact parameters4 𝑑0 and 𝑧 0 must satisfy
|𝑑0 |/𝜎(𝑑0 ) < 5 (3) for electrons (muons) and |𝑧 0 sin 𝜃| < 0.5 mm. Furthermore, electron and muon
candidates are subjected to identification criteria, for which multiple working points are provided [65, 66].
The identification is performed using quality cuts where each working point offers a different trade-off
between the rate of false positives and false negatives delivered by the algorithm.
Electron candidates are reconstructed using energy clusters measured in the EM calorimeter matched to
reconstructed tracks [65]. The identification working point for the nominal selection in this analysis is
Tight [65]. The range 1.37 < |𝜂| < 1.52 has a significant amount of non-sensitive material in front of the
calorimeter, and is therefore excluded.
Muon candidates are reconstructed by combining measurements in the ID and the muon spectrometer [67].
For this analysis, the Medium identification working point is used for most muon candidates [66]. For
muon candidates with 𝑝 T > 300 GeV, the High-𝑝 T working point [66] is used, which ensures optimal
momentum resolution for highly energetic muons.
Both the electron and muon candidates are required to be isolated in the ID. To determine isolation, a
cone is placed around the object’s track, with an opening angle which is the smaller of Δ𝑅 = 0.2 (0.3) for
electrons (muons) and 10 GeV/𝑝 T,ℓ . The scalar 𝑝 T sum of all tracks (excluding the lepton itself) within
this cone, 𝐼 𝑅 , must satisfy 𝐼 𝑅 /𝑝 T,ℓ < 0.06. For muon candidates with 𝑝 T > 50 GeV, the opening angle of
the isolation cone is always Δ𝑅 = 0.2. Electron candidates must also pass a calorimeter-based isolation
requirement of 𝐼 𝑅 /𝑝 T,ℓ < 0.06, this time taking the sum of calorimeter energy deposits as 𝐼 𝑅 , within a
cone of Δ𝑅 = 0.2.
The constituents for jet reconstruction are identified by combining measurements from both the ID and the
calorimeter using a particle-flow algorithm [68]. Jet candidates are reconstructed from these particle-flow
objects using the anti-𝑘 𝑡 algorithm [69, 70] with a radius parameter 𝑅 = 0.4. The jet energy scale (JES) and
resolution (JER) [71] are corrected to particle level using MC simulation. Jets are furthermore required to
have 𝑝 T > 20 GeV and |𝜂| < 2.5. The jet vertex tagger (JVT) [72] is used to test jets that have 𝑝 T < 60 GeV
and |𝜂| < 2.4 to suppress those originating from pile-up.

4 The 𝑑0 is the transverse impact parameter: the distance of the track from the beam line at the position of closest approach
(PCA) in the plane perpendicular to the beam line, while 𝜎(𝑑0 ) is its uncertainty. The 𝑧 0 is the 𝑧 coordinate of the PCA where
|𝑑0 |/𝜎(𝑑0 ) is measured, relative to that of the primary vertex.

5
Objects found to have very collinear tracks are considered to be overlapping. Overlaps are resolved through
a sequence of rules. This procedure prevents double-counting of particles interacting with different parts of
the detector, and provides an optimal classification of these particles. If a muon candidate is found to have
a shared ID track with an electron candidate, the electron candidate is rejected. If two electron candidates
have shared ID tracks, the one with the lower 𝑝 T is rejected. Jets are rejected if they are within Δ𝑅 0 = 0.2
𝐸+ 𝑝𝑧
(for overlap removal, the pseudorapidity in Δ𝑅 is substituted with the rapidity, defined as 𝑦 = − ln 𝐸− 𝑝𝑧 )
of a lepton candidate, except if the candidate is a muon and three or more collinear tracks are found.
Subsequently, lepton candidates that are within Δ𝑅 0 = 0.4 of any remaining jets are removed.
The missing transverse momentum (𝐸 Tmiss ) [73] in a given reconstructed event is computed as a combination
of a hard term, the magnitude of the negative vector sum of the 𝑝 T of all reconstructed leptons and jets,
and a soft term, computed from the momenta of inner-detector tracks that are not matched to any of the
selected objects but do originate from the primary vertex.

5 Analysis strategy

Selected events are separated into different categories, referred to as regions, to maximise the sensitivity to
a relatively broad range of potential new phenomena. Signal regions (SRs) are defined as regions to be
probed for the presence of such signatures. Criteria that separate these SRs are the number of leptons,
the 𝐸 Tmiss and the presence of an on-𝑍 lepton pair: a same-flavour and oppositely charged (SFOC) lepton
pair with a dilepton mass within 10 GeV of the 𝑍-boson mass of 91.2 GeV.5 Control regions (CRs) are
defined so as to be dominated by particular SM processes which have been well-studied in the ATLAS
experiment [74, 75]. The full list of regions with their selection criteria, apart from the splitting into
different invariant-mass ranges, is shown in Table 1. All regions are orthogonal to each other, so no event
is assigned to more than one region. The CRs are used to extract the normalisation of the main background
processes from data and to constrain the size of the systematic uncertainties of the analysis. Validation
regions (VRs) are used to confirm that the predictions for SM background processes are well-modelled.
A large group of BSM models predict the existence of at least one additional heavy lepton beyond the
SM (e.g. Ref. [27]), either charged or neutral. Such theories often feature final states with one or more
neutrinos, which due to being invisible to the detector translates into a non-zero 𝐸 Tmiss . This motivates a
selection of SRs separated by a 𝐸 Tmiss cut. A threshold of 𝐸 Tmiss = 50 GeV was chosen, which splits the
phase space into regions where the 𝐸 Tmiss originates mostly from detector resolution effects and regions
where the 𝐸 Tmiss is likely to be due to objects invisible to the detector.
SRs are also categorised according to the presence or absence of at least one on-𝑍 lepton pair, and are
called on-𝑍 and off-𝑍 SRs respectively. No selection based on charge and flavour is made for these SRs
beyond the SFOC pair needed for the on-𝑍 region. Certain heavy BSM particles are expected to decay into
lepton pairs without first decaying to an intermediate 𝑍-boson (e.g. Ref. [28]). Off-𝑍 SRs are expected to
be sensitive to such signals while excluding the main prompt-lepton background contribution (leptonically
decaying 𝑊 𝑍 and 𝑍 𝑍 vector-boson pairs, which are likely to be on-𝑍). Furthermore, on-𝑍 SRs include the
few events where three leptons combine into multiple valid on-𝑍 pairs.
SRs are further split according to the distribution of the invariant mass (𝑚 inv ) of all leptons in the event.
Four divisions are established to construct the 3ℓ regions: 0–200 GeV, 200–400 GeV, 400–600 GeV, and

5 A lepton that does not form an on-𝑍 lepton pair with any other lepton in the event is called off-𝑍.

6
Table 1: Overview of the regions defined for this analysis. Blank cells indicate that no requirements are made on the
variable for that particular region. Additional requirements on SRs, described in the Other column, veto events that
are used in the CR/VRs from entering into the SRs. The 𝑍-pairs column denotes the number of non-overlapping
lepton pairs that are same-flavour and oppositely charged and have a dilepton invariant mass within 10 GeV of the
𝑍-boson mass of 91.2 GeV. The off-flavour ℓ is the lepton in the 3ℓ event that has a different flavour from the other
two leptons; cuts requiring an off-flavour ℓ are not applied if all three leptons are of the same flavour.

Region Particles 𝑬 Tmiss 𝑍-pairs Other

Signal regions
3ℓ 3ℓ < 50 GeV 1 veto event if 𝑚 T (ℓ, 𝐸 Tmiss ) < 80 GeV for off-𝑍 ℓ
3ℓ > 50 GeV 1 veto event if 𝑚 T (ℓ, 𝐸 Tmiss ) < 80 GeV for off-𝑍 ℓ
3ℓ < 50 GeV 0 veto event if 𝑚 T (ℓ, 𝐸 Tmiss ) < 40 GeV for off-flavour ℓ
3ℓ > 50 GeV 0 veto event if 𝑚 T (ℓ, 𝐸 Tmiss ) < 40 GeV for off-flavour ℓ
3ℓ SRs are divided into 𝑚 inv ranges of 0–200, 200–400, 400–600 and >600 GeV.
4ℓ 4ℓ < 50 GeV 1 -
4ℓ > 50 GeV 1 -
4ℓ - 0 -
4ℓ SRs are divided in 𝑚 inv ranges of 0-400 and >400 GeV.
Fake-Factor Estimation Regions
𝑒-fakes 1𝑒 < 25 GeV - jets ≥ 1
𝜇-fakes 1𝜇 < 40 GeV - jets ≥ 2, at least 1 jet 𝑝 T > 35 GeV, |Δ𝜙(𝜇, 𝑗)| > 2.7
Validation regions
3ℓ On-𝑍 𝑒𝑒𝜇 + 𝑒𝜇𝜇 - 1 off-flavour ℓ: 𝑚 T (ℓ, 𝐸 Tmiss ) < 40 GeV
3ℓ Off-𝑍 𝑒𝑒𝜇 + 𝑒𝜇𝜇 - 0 2 SFOC leptons. off-flavour ℓ: 𝑚 T (ℓ, 𝐸 Tmiss ) < 40 GeV
Control regions
𝑊𝑍 3ℓ - 1 off-𝑍 ℓ: 40 < 𝑚 T (ℓ, 𝐸 Tmiss ) < 80 GeV
𝑍𝑍 4ℓ - 2

>600 GeV. Two divisions are established for the 4ℓ regions: 0–400 GeV and >400 GeV. This leads to 22
SRs in total.
Two CRs are defined: a 3ℓ CR for the 𝑊 𝑍 background and a 4ℓ CR for the 𝑍 𝑍 background. The 𝑊 𝑍 control
region requires an on-𝑍 lepton pair and a third off-𝑍 lepton which has a transverse mass (𝑚 T , defined as
𝑚 T = [2𝑝 ℓT 𝐸 Tmiss (1 − cos(𝜙))] 1/2 ), of 40 < 𝑚 T (ℓ, 𝐸 Tmiss ) < 80 GeV, which captures leptons originating
from a 𝑊-boson decay. The 𝑍 𝑍 control region requires four leptons to form two on-𝑍 lepton pairs. The
SRs are separated from the 𝑊 𝑍 CR through their flavour composition or by requiring 𝑚 T > 80 GeV,
and from the 𝑍 𝑍 CR by vetoing events with 4 on-𝑍 leptons. Both CRs are used to constrain the two
normalisation factors of their corresponding backgrounds. These normalisation factors are free parameters
in the statistical analysis.
A data-driven technique is used to estimate backgrounds with at least one fake lepton, referred to as the
fake-lepton background. Fake leptons are either non-prompt leptons or hadrons misidentified as leptons by
the detector. The primary sources of such events are the 𝑍 + jets and 𝑡 𝑡¯ processes which have two prompt
leptons and at least one fake lepton. The yield of fake-lepton background events is measured separately for

7
electrons and muons using the fake-factor method, which is described in Ref. [29]. Dedicated regions
containing a single lepton candidate are established using data collected by the single-lepton triggers.
Selection requirements for these regions are imposed to ensure a large number of events with fake leptons,
in order to reduce the statistical uncertainty of this contribution. Requirements are based on the 𝐸 Tmiss of
the event (𝐸 Tmiss < 25 GeV for electrons, 𝐸 Tmiss < 40 GeV for muons) and on the number of jets in the
event (≥ 1 for the electron region, ≥ 2 for the muon region). For the muon, there must also be at least one
jet ( 𝑗) with 𝑝 T > 35 GeV and Δ𝜙(𝜇, 𝑗) > 2.7, called the tag jet. For each region, an adjacent ‘anti-ID’
region is established, with orthogonal selection criteria of the identification and isolation algorithms. The
anti-ID regions admit non-isolated electrons and muons, as well as isolated but Loose [65] electrons,
but veto events which satisfy the nominal selection criteria. The anti-ID selection is tuned for a large
number of fake leptons, while the stringent working points of the nominal selection suppress these fake
leptons, to ensure the analysis is robust against fake-lepton contamination. A ratio is computed from the
event rates of these two regions. This ratio is called the fake factor and is parameterised as a function of
the 𝑝 T and 𝜂 of the lepton. An anti-ID region is also established for each signal, control and validation
region of the analysis. These anti-ID regions use the same selection criteria, except that one or more of
their leptons passes the alternative identification and isolation requirements. Using the fake factor, the
yield of fake-lepton background events is extrapolated from each anti-ID region to its nominal counterpart.
Prompt backgrounds, estimated through MC methods and normalised to their theoretical cross sections, are
subtracted from observed data in the fake-factor estimation regions prior to calculation of the fake factor,
and in the anti-ID regions prior to extrapolation.
Certain subselections of 𝑒𝑒𝜇 + 𝑒𝜇𝜇 events are designated as on-𝑍 and off-𝑍 VRs. These are used to
check that the computed fake factors transfer correctly from the regions where they are calculated to the
regions in which they are applied. The on-𝑍 and off-𝑍 VRs consist of different ratios of fake-lepton
sources: the on-𝑍 VR is more sensitive to 𝑍+jets events than the off-𝑍 region, while the reverse is true
for 𝑡 𝑡¯ events. Furthermore, both VRs have a substantial 𝑊 𝑍 contribution which can be validated. In the
off-𝑍 VR the proper modelling of the 𝑊 𝑍 MC simulation of off-shell 𝑍 decays is confirmed. For this VR,
a SFOC pair of off-𝑍 leptons is required. Both validation regions target, through a 𝑚 T requirement of
𝑚 T (ℓ, 𝐸 Tmiss ) < 40 GeV, a third lepton that is likely to be fake. Only mixed-flavour final states are selected
for these VRs so that the choice of the third lepton, assumed to be the fake lepton (or the lepton due to
𝑊-boson decay), is unambiguous.

6 Systematic uncertainties

Systematic uncertainties affect the precision of the predicted background contributions. Two classes of
systematic uncertainties are defined: detector-related uncertainties, referred to as ‘experimental’, and
uncertainties in MC modelling of the processes, referred to as ‘theoretical’.

6.1 Experimental uncertainties

Multiple experimental uncertainties have been considered for this analysis, although only a small number
of them have a significant impact on the results. These uncertainties are discussed below.
The uncertainty in the combined 2015–2018 integrated luminosity [76] is 1.7%, obtained using the LUCID-2
detector [77] for the primary luminosity measurements. Uncertainties in the reweighting procedure applied

8
to the simulation to bring its pile-up multiplicity distribution into agreement with that in the data are also
included, ranging between 0.5% and 1%.
For the leptons, uncertainties due to the measured momentum resolution and scale are taken into account [65,
78]. Uncertainties in the reconstruction, identification and isolation efficiency scale factors that are used to
correct for the difference between the MC simulation and data are also included. The impact of this set of
uncertainties on the expected yield for the signal regions varies between 1% and 2%.
Sets of uncertainties in the jet energy scale and resolution are also included. These were derived from
information taken from test-beam data, LHC collision data and simulation [71, 79]. These uncertainties
are small for all signal regions, with an impact between 0.2% and 0.9%.
Uncertainties associated with the above objects are propagated to an uncertainty in the hard term of the
𝐸 Tmiss computation. Further uncertainties affecting the 𝐸 Tmiss that are included are uncertainties in the offset
and resolution of the soft term [80]. The impact of these ranges between no impact (for the 4ℓ, off-𝑍 region,
which is insensitive to 𝐸 Tmiss ) and 4% for the 4ℓ, on-𝑍, 𝐸 Tmiss > 50 GeV region.
Several systematic uncertainties on the fake factors are considered. First, there is an uncertainty due to
limited number of events in the single-lepton region where the fake factors are calculated. Then, there
is an uncertainty in the MC modelling of the dominant background contributions in the single-lepton
region (the 𝑊+jets and 𝑍+jets contributions). The fake-lepton background estimate is compared with
an estimate obtained when using fake factors that consider events with and without 𝑏-jets [81], with the
difference between the two estimates taken as an uncertainty. Finally, two uncertainties are included to
address the bias caused by imposing a 𝐸 Tmiss upper bound in the fake-lepton estimation regions, and by
a 𝑝 T requirement on the tag jet in the fake-muon estimation regions. These uncertainties are estimated
by varying the requirements on these variables upwards and downwards by 10 GeV. The impact of the
fake-factor uncertainties on the total background prediction ranges between 0.1% (for the 4ℓ regions, where
there are very few fake-lepton events) and 1.6%.

6.2 Theoretical uncertainties

Theoretical uncertainties affect the MC-based background estimate of the multiboson and top-quark
backgrounds. The main theoretical uncertainties considered for this analysis originate from the missing
higher orders in the perturbative expansion of the partonic cross-section, from PDF uncertainties and
the choice of PDF, and from the uncertainty in the strong coupling constant (𝛼s ). The analysis follows
the PDF4LHC recommendations [82] for the computation of these uncertainties. These uncertainties
are uncorrelated between different background contributions. Other uncertainties such as matching and
merging uncertainties, hadronisation and parton-shower uncertainties are not included as this analysis is
not directly sensitive to jets.
For the diboson and triboson processes, the contribution of missing higher-order diagrams is estimated
by observing the differences in the cross-section prediction when varying the renormalisation scale 𝜇r
and factorisation scale 𝜇f . These scales are independently varied upwards and downwards by a factor of
two [83], leaving out predictions where the terms are scaled in opposite directions. This leads to a total of
seven scale variations. The total uncertainty is taken as the envelope of all variations, picking the variation
with the largest value at each 𝑚 inv bin.
For the 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑋 (𝑋 = 𝑊, 𝑍, 𝐻) contributions to the top-quark background, the uncertainty due to missing
higher orders is estimated in the same way as for the diboson and triboson uncertainties, using the envelope

9
of the seven variations of 𝜇r and 𝜇f , while the PDF uncertainty is taken as the standard deviation of 100
replica variations. The impact of uncertainties in 𝛼s is taken from Ref. [84]. Predictions from alternative
generators for 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑊 and 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑍 processes (Sherpa [39] for 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑊, MadGraph5_aMC@NLO [51] interfaced with
Herwig 7 [85] for 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑍) are used in assessing an uncertainty due to the choice of generator; this uncertainty
is found to have no impact on the final result. For the rare top-quark processes 𝑡𝑍𝑞, 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑊𝑊 and 𝑡 𝑡¯𝑡 𝑡¯, the
scale and PDF uncertainties are taken as those associated with the computed NLO cross-section values
reported in Ref. [51]. A more precise estimation of these uncertainties is considered unnecessary due to
the minute contribution of these rare top-quark processes to the total background yield of this analysis.
The impact of the scale uncertainties on the total background estimate ranges between 5% and 15%; the
SRs with high 𝐸 Tmiss and 𝑚 inv requirements are at the high end of this range as the impact of higher-order
diagrams is especially large there. The impact of the PDF uncertainty is around 2%–3%, with higher values
(up to 6%) in higher 𝑚 inv bins. The impact of the 𝛼s uncertainty is 1%–2%.
In general, the dominant sources of systematic uncertainty for this analysis are the theoretical uncertainties.
Of these, the 𝜇r and 𝜇f scale uncertainty of the diboson backgrounds (𝑊 𝑍 for the 3ℓ SRs, 𝑍 𝑍 of the 4ℓ
SRs) has the largest effect. However, many SRs are still statistically limited. This is the case for the 4ℓ
SRs (except for the 4ℓ, on-𝑍 SRs with 𝑚 inv < 400 GeV); for the two 3ℓ SRs where 𝐸 Tmiss < 50 GeV and
𝑚 inv > 400 GeV; and for the 3ℓ, off-𝑍, 𝐸 Tmiss > 50 GeV SR with 𝑚 inv > 600 GeV.

7 Statistical analysis and results

Each of the 22 SRs is treated in an individual, together with the CRs, cut-and-count experiment, and a
statistical analysis is performed independently for each region. For each of these analyses, the parameter of
interest is the number of signal events in the corresponding SR: 𝑁S . The same 𝑊 𝑍 and 𝑍 𝑍 control regions
are used for all statistical analyses as well.
This analysis employs a maximum-likelihood technique, using the profile likelihood ratio (see, e.g.,
Ref. [86]) to estimate 𝑁S while also accounting for the various systematic uncertainties affecting the
background predictions, which enter the likelihood expression as nuisance parameters. The likelihood
for each SR is the product of Poisson probability terms for the single SR and multiple control region
bins. The predicted number of events in each region is expressed in terms of the 𝑊 𝑍 and 𝑍 𝑍 background
normalisation factors, the nuisance parameters and, in the case of the SR, 𝑁S . For each systematic
uncertainty the likelihood formula is multiplied by a constraint term, which is a standard Gaussian response
function with mean and standard deviation equal to the central value of the nuisance parameter and its
uncertainty, respectively. Many sources of uncertainty affect the predictions in both the SR and the CRs.
The correlations between predictions in the different regions are accounted for by a common dependence
on the associated nuisance parameter(s). The impact of these may vary between control and signal regions,
particularly for the dominant systematic uncertainties (which are the diboson scale uncertainties).

7.1 Likelihood fit to data

Figures 1–3 show comparisons between data and predictions for CRs and VRs after performing a likelihood
fit to the CRs. The values of the normalisation factors are obtained from a binned CR-only fit (i.e. its
likelihood formula does not include a term for any signal region) to the distributions in Figure 1. The
normalisation factors are found to be 0.98 ± 0.07 for the 𝑊 𝑍 background, consistent with the generator

10
cross-section, and 1.05 ± 0.09 for the 𝑍 𝑍 background, which is consistent with previous measurements of
the event yield of on-shell 𝑍 𝑍 decays [75]. Furthermore, the VRs show good agreement between data and
background, indicating good fake-lepton background and off-shell 𝑊 𝑍 modelling.
Figure 4 shows all SRs with the observed data and post-fit background yields. The event yields obtained
by comparing the measured data with the expected background are shown, after performing the fitting
procedure, in Table 2 for the 3ℓ signal regions, and in Table 3 for the 4ℓ signal regions.
The assumed number of signal events 𝑁S is allowed to float freely. It is determined independently for each
SR and is not required to be positive. Given that the SR is not binned, it does not add further degrees of
freedom and hence does not constrain the backgrounds further; the post-fit background values for every SR
are therefore always the same as those of the CR-only fit, with 𝑁S adjusted to make up for the difference
between the total background and the observed data in the SR.
For each SR a fit finds the number of signal events ( 𝑁ˆ S ) and its associated uncertainty (Δ 𝑁ˆ S ). From these
values a significance can be computed, defined as 𝑍 = 𝑁ˆ S /Δ 𝑁ˆ S so that negative significance is associated
with negative signal yields. The significances for all SRs are given in Table 4. In this analysis, all SRs have
a significance below |𝑍 | < 3.

11
 Events

Events
106 105
ATLAS Data WZ ATLAS Data WZ
-1
s = 13 TeV, 139 fb ZZ Fakes s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 ZZ Fakes
105 WZ CR, post-fit ZZ CR, post-fit
Top Triboson 104 Top Triboson
104 Uncertainty Uncertainty
103
3
10
102
102

10
10

1 1
Data / Bkg

Data / Bkg
1.2 1.2
1 1
0.8 0.8
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
minv [GeV] minv [GeV]

Figure 1: Comparison between data and prediction for the 𝑚 inv distribution of the 𝑊 𝑍 (left) and 𝑍 𝑍 (right) control
regions after the fit to the data. The rightmost bin is inclusive and contains all events with 𝑚 inv > 500 GeV. ‘Fakes’
refers to the fake-lepton background. The hatched grey area shows the combination of all uncertainties in the analysis.
Events

Events

106
ATLAS Data WZ 105 ATLAS Data WZ
-1
5 s = 13 TeV, 139 fb ZZ Fakes s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 ZZ Fakes
10
WZ CR, post-fit ZZ CR, post-fit
Top Triboson 104 Top Triboson
104 Uncertainty Uncertainty
103
103

102
102

10
10

1 1
Data / Bkg

Data / Bkg

1.2 1.2
1 1
0.8 0.8
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Emiss
T [GeV] Emiss
T [GeV]

Figure 2: Comparison between data and prediction for the 𝐸 Tmiss distribution of the 𝑊 𝑍 (left) and 𝑍 𝑍 (right) control
regions after the fit to the data. The rightmost bin is inclusive and contains all events with 𝐸 Tmiss > 300 GeV. ‘Fakes’
refers to the fake-lepton background. The hatched grey area shows the combination of all uncertainties in the analysis.

12
 105
Events

Events
ATLAS Data WZ ATLAS Data WZ
105
s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 ZZ Fakes s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 ZZ Fakes
On-Z VR, post-fit 104 Off-Z VR, post-fit
Top Triboson Top Triboson
104
Uncertainty Uncertainty
103
3
10

102
102

10
10

1 1
Data / Bkg

Data / Bkg
1.2 1.2
1 1
0.8 0.8
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
minv [GeV] minv [GeV]

Figure 3: Comparison between data and prediction for the 𝑚 inv distribution of the on-𝑍 (left) and off-𝑍 (right)
validation regions after the fit to the data. The rightmost bin is inclusive and contains all events with 𝑚 inv > 500 GeV.
‘Fakes’ refers to the fake-lepton background. The hatched grey area shows the combination of all uncertainties in the
analysis.

106
Events

ATLAS Data WZ ZZ
s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 Fakes Top Triboson
105 post-fit SRs Uncertainty
3l, on-Z 3l, on-Z 3l, off-Z 3l, off-Z 4l, on-Z 4l, on-Z 4l, off-Z
104 miss
ET < 50 GeV
miss
ET > 50 GeV
miss
ET < 50 GeV
miss miss
ET > 50 GeV ET < ET >
miss

50 GeV 50 GeV
103

102

10

1
Data / Bkg

1.2
1
0.8
<2

>6
<2

>6
<2

>6
<2

>6
<4
>4
<4
>4
<4
>4
2-4
4-6

2-4
4-6

2-4
4-6

2-4
4-6

minv [102 GeV]

Figure 4: Comparison between data and prediction in each signal region of this analysis after the profile likelihood fit
has been performed. ‘Fakes’ refers to the fake-lepton background. The hatched grey area shows the combination of
all uncertainties in the analysis.

13
Table 2: Summary of the event yields for all background contributions to the 3ℓ signal regions after the combined
likelihood fit has been performed. The observed data for each signal region are also given. ‘Fakes’ refers to the
fake-lepton background. The ‘Total’ row gives the sum of event counts of all individual Standard Model contributions.
The ‘Signal’ row gives the remaining discrepancy between the sum of backgrounds and observed data. The total
(statistical and systematic) uncertainty in the event yield is given for each background contribution, for the total
Standard Model prediction and for the best-fit value of the signal contribution. It should be noted that the uncertainty
in the total background prediction cannot be obtained as a sum in quadrature of the uncertainties in its contributions,
due to statistical correlations.

3ℓ, On-𝒁, 𝑬 Tmiss < 50 GeV

Sample <200 GeV 200–400 GeV 400–600 GeV >600 GeV
Top 31.1 ± 3.2 22.5 ± 2.8 2.9 ± 0.5 0.53 ± 0.11
Triboson 1.47 ± 0.16 1.58 ± 0.18 0.30 ± 0.05 0.13 ± 0.02
WZ 1168 ± 25 787 ± 19 89.6 ± 3.3 25.8 ± 1.7
ZZ 320 ± 13 230 ± 9 29.4 ± 1.5 9.6 ± 0.9
Fakes 91 ± 9 45 ± 7 9.2 ± 2.5 3.4 ± 0.9
Total 1612 ± 26 1087 ± 19 131 ± 4 39.5 ± 2.1
Data 1604 1061 124 26
Signal -8 ± 48 -26 ± 38 -7 ± 12 -13 ± 5

3ℓ, On-𝒁, 𝑬 Tmiss > 50 GeV

Sample <200 GeV 200–400 GeV 400–600 GeV >600 GeV
Top 217 ± 19 174 ± 18 30.2 ± 3.4 8.8 ± 1.2
Triboson 11.2 ± 1.4 10.6 ± 1.4 2.5 ± 0.4 1.21 ± 0.21
WZ 2589 ± 216 1650 ± 162 246 ± 25 84 ± 8
ZZ 295 ± 41 186 ± 24 32 ± 4 12.1 ± 1.5
Fakes 112 ± 16 61 ± 11 14.8 ± 3.3 10.0 ± 1.8
Total 3224 ± 235 2082 ± 172 325 ± 27 116 ± 9
Data 2982 1985 313 95
Signal -242 ± 249 -97 ± 183 -12 ± 33 -21 ± 13

3ℓ, Off-𝒁, 𝑬 Tmiss < 50 GeV

Sample <200 GeV 200–400 GeV 400–600 GeV >600 GeV
Top 47 ± 4 50 ± 5 8.1 ± 0.8 2.00 ± 0.27
Triboson 5.4 ± 0.5 9.2 ± 0.9 2.29 ± 0.26 1.08 ± 0.17
WZ 437 ± 9 401 ± 10 73.7 ± 3.0 29.1 ± 1.2
ZZ 222 ± 11 126 ± 7 19.9 ± 1.5 7.0 ± 0.9
Fakes 272 ± 16 92 ± 10 16.1 ± 3.0 6.3 ± 1.4
Total 983 ± 19 679 ± 14 120 ± 4 45.5 ± 2.1
Data 978 689 92 46
Signal -5 ± 37 10 ± 30 -28 ± 10 0±7

3ℓ, Off-𝒁, 𝑬 Tmiss > 50 GeV

Sample <200 GeV 200–400 GeV 400–600 GeV >600 GeV
Top 126 ± 11 156 ± 14 38 ± 4 12.6 ± 1.7
Triboson 11.6 ± 1.3 21.4 ± 2.8 7.5 ± 1.1 4.1 ± 0.6
WZ 445 ± 34 439 ± 30 101 ± 6 53 ± 4
ZZ 107 ± 12 59 ± 6 15.6 ± 1.7 6.7 ± 0.8
Fakes 263 ± 19 112 ± 14 24 ± 4 4.9 ± 1.2
Total 953 ± 44 788 ± 38 186 ± 9 81 ± 5
Data 944 813 188 70
Signal -9 ± 55 25 ± 48 2 ± 16 -11 ± 10

14
Table 3: Summary of the event yields for all background contributions to the 4ℓ signal regions after the combined
likelihood fit has been performed. The observed data for each signal region are also given. ‘Fakes’ refers to the
fake-lepton background. The ‘Total’ row gives the sum of event counts of all individual Standard Model contributions.
The ‘Signal’ row gives the remaining discrepancy between the sum of backgrounds and observed data. The total
(statistical and systematic) uncertainty in the event yield is given for each background contribution, for the total
Standard Model prediction and for the best-fit value of the signal contribution. It should be noted that the uncertainty
in the total background prediction cannot be obtained as a sum in quadrature of the uncertainties in its contributions,
due to statistical correlations.

4ℓ, On-𝒁, 𝑬 Tmiss < 50 GeV 4ℓ, On-𝒁, 𝑬 Tmiss > 50 GeV
Sample 0–400 GeV >400 GeV Sample 0–400 GeV >400 GeV
Top 6.0 ± 0.8 2.1 ± 0.4 Top 20.6 ± 2.2 13.8 ± 1.7
Triboson 1.56 ± 0.15 1.10 ± 0.12 Triboson 3.6 ± 0.5 3.7 ± 0.6
ZZ 159 ± 8 33.1 ± 1.9 ZZ 31 ± 4 15.6 ± 1.8
Fakes 1.9 ± 2.1 0.3 ± 0.7 Fakes 2.2 ± 1.5 2.5 ± 1.3
Total 169 ± 8 36.5 ± 2.1 Total 57 ± 5 35.5 ± 2.9
Data 185 39 Data 75 36
Signal 16 ± 16 2±7 Signal 18 ± 10 0±7

4ℓ, Off-𝒁
Sample 0–400 GeV >400 GeV
Top 5.9 ± 0.7 3.5 ± 0.5
Triboson 0.51 ± 0.06 0.55 ± 0.08
ZZ 21.3 ± 0.9 7.6 ± 0.4
Fakes 0.7 ± 1.1 1.5 ± 1.0
Total 28.4 ± 1.6 13.2 ± 1.2
Data 29 9
Signal 1±6 -4.2 ± 3.1

Table 4: Local significance of the value of the parameter of interest for each signal region after performing the
combined likelihood fit, defined as 𝑍 = 𝑁ˆ S /Δ 𝑁ˆ S .

SR 0–200 GeV 200–400 GeV 400–600 GeV >600 GeV

3ℓ, On-𝑍, 𝐸 Tmiss < 50 GeV −0.2 −0.7 −0.6 −2.5
3ℓ, On-𝑍, 𝐸 Tmiss > 50 GeV −1.0 −0.5 −0.4 −1.6
3ℓ, Off-𝑍, 𝐸 Tmiss < 50 GeV −0.1 0.3 −2.7 0.1
3ℓ, Off-𝑍, 𝐸 Tmiss > 50 GeV −0.2 0.5 0.2 −1.2
SR 0–400 GeV >400 GeV
4ℓ, On-𝑍, 𝐸 Tmiss < 50 GeV 1.0 0.4
4ℓ, On-𝑍, 𝐸 Tmiss > 50 GeV 1.8 0.1
4ℓ, Off-𝑍 0.1 −1.3

15
7.2 Visible cross-section limits

No significant excess was found in any of the signal regions. Limits on the number of signal events are set.
The CLS method [87] is used to ascertain upper limits in the signal regions. Assumptions made about the
test statistic are based on the works of Wilks [88] and Wald [89]. Specifically, it is assumed that the test
statistic asymptotically approaches a 𝜒2 distribution with one degree of freedom for a large number of
events [90].
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits are presented for the visible cross-section 𝜎vis , which is
calculated by dividing the upper limit on the total number of events (𝑁95 ) by the integrated luminosity L
of the collected data: 𝜎vis = 𝑁95 /L. These limits are given for all SRs in Figure 5. Visible cross-section
limits in this figure can be reinterpreted as limits on specific physics models as long as the selection
efficiency and acceptance of the model (including any uncertainties in these values) for a specific SR
definition used in this analysis is known. By dividing the visible cross-section limits given here by this
efficiency and acceptance, upper limits on the cross-section can be derived from this analysis.
95% CL cross-section (σvis ) limit [fb]

ATLAS Observed limit ± 1σ

100 s = 13 TeV, 139 fb-1 Expected limit ± 2σ
3l, on-Z 3l, on-Z 3l, off-Z 3l, off-Z 4l, on-Z 4l, on-Z 4l, off-Z
miss miss miss miss miss miss
ET < 50 GeV ET > 50 GeV ET < 50 GeV ET > 50 GeV ET < ET >
10 50 GeV 50 GeV

0.1

0.01
<2

>6
<2

>6
<2

>6
<2

>6
2-4
4-6

2-4
4-6

2-4
4-6

2-4
4-6

<4
>4
<4
>4
<4
>4

minv [102 GeV]

Figure 5: The expected and observed 95% CL upper limits for each signal region of this analysis expressed in terms
of the visible cross-section 𝜎vis .

16
7.3 Model-specific limits

The results are interpreted for two particular BSM models previously studied by dedicated analyses. The
purpose of this interpretation is to compare the results obtained by this model-independent search with
those from a dedicated search. Studied models are the Type-III seesaw model described in Ref. [17] and
the search for doubly charged Higgs boson production described in Ref. [21]. The chosen parameters of
the models studied in this section are at parity with the referenced analyses, but only two representative
particle mass hypotheses are chosen for each models: 400 GeV and 700 GeV for the heavy lepton in the
Type-III seesaw model, and 300 GeV and 500 GeV for the 𝐻 ±± particles. These masses are chosen to cover
a range of masses corresponding to the simulated models available and the published limits available for
comparison.
The signal regions and background predictions remain the same as described earlier in this Letter. Using
these models, all of the signal regions in these analyses are studied to find the region with the best
limit-setting power, judged by the value of the expected limit. The best signal region and the corresponding
expected and observed limits found by this analysis are given in Table 5. To convert the limits from the
model-independent analysis to limits on the cross-section of the signal model considered, only a correction
for acceptance effects and selection efficiency is applied. This procedure ignores uncertainties in these
quantities; however, the experimental uncertainties on the expected signal yields in the most sensitive
regions are not larger than a few percent.
The Type-III seesaw model analysis [17] presents an expected 95% CL cross-section upper limit of 22−6.4 +8.5 fb
+3.1
for 𝑚 𝐿 = 400 GeV and 7.5−1.8 fb for 𝑚 𝐿 = 700 GeV for the full Run 2 dataset with an integrated luminosity
of 139 fb−1 , although it only tests dilepton final states. These limits are more stringent than those derived
with the analysis presented in this paper that correspond to 41 and 12 fb, respectively. The doubly-charged
Higgs boson analysis [21] presents an expected 95% CL cross-section upper limit for the four-lepton
+0.14 fb for 𝑚 ±± = 300 GeV and 0.14 +0.13 fb for 𝑚 ±± = 500 GeV. These limits are
final state of 0.16−0.07 𝐻 −0.07 𝐻
comparable to those when using the best limit of a single SR of this analysis. However, the upper limits in
Ref. [21] are obtained using only 2015 and 2016 ATLAS data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity
of 36.1 fb−1 .

Table 5: Expected and observed cross-section exclusion limits at 95% CL for representative mass values of the two
selected models. Also the most sensitive bin, which was used to obtain these limits for each case, is listed, along with
the signal acceptance times efficiency in this region (denoted by 𝐴 × 𝜖).

Model Mass [GeV] Best single SR 𝒎 inv 𝑨×𝝐 95 [fb]

𝝈exp 95 [fb]
𝝈obs
Type-III Seesaw 400 3ℓ, Off-𝑍, 𝐸 Tmiss > 50 GeV > 600 GeV 0.0036 41 +17 27
−11
700 3ℓ, Off-𝑍, 𝐸 Tmiss > 50 GeV > 600 GeV 0.012 12 +5 8.8
−3
𝐻 ±± 300 4ℓ, Off-𝑍 > 400 GeV 0.37 +0.08
0.18 −0.05 0.12
500 4ℓ, Off-𝑍 > 400 GeV 0.40 +0.07
0.16 −0.05 0.11

17
8 Conclusion

In this paper, a model-independent search targeting final states with three or four light leptons is presented
√
using 139 fb−1 of 𝑠 = 13 TeV 𝑝 𝑝 collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC from 2015
to 2018. The analysis offers a wide coverage of the 3ℓ and 4ℓ phase space. The measured data of 3ℓ and 4ℓ
events is tested for potential indicators of physics beyond the Standard Model. By categorising the targeted
phase space according to the number of leptons, the missing transverse momentum, the presence of a
lepton pair originating from a 𝑍-boson decay, and the invariant mass of the leptons in the event, a total of
22 signal regions are defined. Each signal region is analysed independently using a profile likelihood fit.
Control regions were established to extract the normalisations of the primary background processes.
No significant deviations from the Standard Model expectation are found in the data. In the absence of
a detected signal, upper limits at the 95% CL are provided in terms of the visible cross-sections. The
expected upper limits can be interpreted by dedicated analyses as long as the efficiency and acceptance of
their signal model in a particular signal region is known. The analysis is interpreted using simulated signal
models for heavy leptons from the Type-III seesaw mechanism [17] and a doubly charged Higgs boson
model [21].

Acknowledgements

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our
institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently.
We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and
FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI,
Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO
CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU,
France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR,
China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO,
Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; JINR; MES
of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia;
DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and
Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE
and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support
from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada, CRC and IVADO, Canada; Beijing Municipal Science &
Technology Commission, China; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions,
European Union; Investissements d’Avenir Labex, Investissements d’Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG
and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and
the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme
Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Göran
Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.
The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from
CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3
(France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC

18
(Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource
providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [91].

19
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D.S. Bhattacharya173 , P. Bhattarai24 , V.S. Bhopatkar5 , R. Bi135 , R.M. Bianchi135 , O. Biebel111 ,
R. Bielski34 , N.V. Biesuz69a,69b , M. Biglietti72a , T.R.V. Billoud138 , M. Bindi51 , A. Bingul11d , C. Bini70a,70b ,
S. Biondi21b,21a , C.J. Birch-sykes98 , G.A. Bird19,140 , M. Birman176 , T. Bisanz34 , J.P. Biswal2 ,

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D. Biswas177,k , A. Bitadze98 , C. Bittrich46 , K. Bjørke130 , I. Bloch44 , C. Blocker24 , A. Blue55 ,
U. Blumenschein90 , G.J. Bobbink117 , V.S. Bobrovnikov119b,119a , D. Bogavac12 ,
A.G. Bogdanchikov119b,119a , C. Bohm43a , V. Boisvert91 , P. Bokan44 , T. Bold81a , M. Bomben132 ,
M. Bona90 , M. Boonekamp141 , C.D. Booth91 , A.G. Borbély55 , H.M. Borecka-Bielska107 , L.S. Borgna92 ,
G. Borissov87 , D. Bortoletto131 , D. Boscherini21b , M. Bosman12 , J.D. Bossio Sola101 , K. Bouaouda33a ,
J. Boudreau135 , E.V. Bouhova-Thacker87 , D. Boumediene36 , R. Bouquet132 , A. Boveia124 , J. Boyd34 ,
D. Boye27 , I.R. Boyko77 , A.J. Bozson91 , J. Bracinik19 , N. Brahimi58d,58c , G. Brandt178 , O. Brandt30 ,
F. Braren44 , B. Brau100 , J.E. Brau128 , W.D. Breaden Madden55 , K. Brendlinger44 , R. Brener176 ,
L. Brenner34 , R. Brenner168 , S. Bressler176 , B. Brickwedde97 , D.L. Briglin19 , D. Britton55 , D. Britzger112 ,
I. Brock22 , R. Brock104 , G. Brooijmans37 , W.K. Brooks143d , E. Brost27 , P.A. Bruckman de Renstrom82 ,
B. Brüers44 , D. Bruncko26b , A. Bruni21b , G. Bruni21b , M. Bruschi21b , N. Bruscino70a,70b ,
L. Bryngemark150 , T. Buanes15 , Q. Buat152 , P. Buchholz148 , A.G. Buckley55 , I.A. Budagov77 ,
M.K. Bugge130 , O. Bulekov109 , B.A. Bullard57 , T.J. Burch118 , S. Burdin88 , C.D. Burgard44 ,
A.M. Burger126 , B. Burghgrave7 , J.T.P. Burr44 , C.D. Burton10 , J.C. Burzynski100 , V. Büscher97 ,
P.J. Bussey55 , J.M. Butler23 , C.M. Buttar55 , J.M. Butterworth92 , W. Buttinger140 , C.J. Buxo Vazquez104 ,
A.R. Buzykaev119b,119a , G. Cabras21b,21a , S. Cabrera Urbán170 , D. Caforio54 , H. Cai135 , V.M.M. Cairo150 ,
O. Cakir3a , N. Calace34 , P. Calafiura16 , G. Calderini132 , P. Calfayan63 , G. Callea55 , L.P. Caloba78b ,
A. Caltabiano71a,71b , S. Calvente Lopez96 , D. Calvet36 , S. Calvet36 , T.P. Calvet99 , M. Calvetti69a,69b ,
R. Camacho Toro132 , S. Camarda34 , D. Camarero Munoz96 , P. Camarri71a,71b , M.T. Camerlingo72a,72b ,
D. Cameron130 , C. Camincher172 , M. Campanelli92 , A. Camplani38 , V. Canale67a,67b , A. Canesse101 ,
M. Cano Bret75 , J. Cantero126 , Y. Cao169 , M. Capua39b,39a , R. Cardarelli71a , F. Cardillo170 ,
G. Carducci39b,39a , T. Carli34 , G. Carlino67a , B.T. Carlson135 , E.M. Carlson172,164a , L. Carminati66a,66b ,
M. Carnesale70a,70b , R.M.D. Carney150 , S. Caron116 , E. Carquin143d , S. Carrá44 , G. Carratta21b,21a ,
J.W.S. Carter163 , T.M. Carter48 , D. Casadei31c , M.P. Casado12,h , A.F. Casha163 , E.G. Castiglia179 ,
F.L. Castillo59a , L. Castillo Garcia12 , V. Castillo Gimenez170 , N.F. Castro136a,136e , A. Catinaccio34 ,
J.R. Catmore130 , A. Cattai34 , V. Cavaliere27 , N. Cavalli21b,21a , V. Cavasinni69a,69b , E. Celebi11b , F. Celli131 ,
K. Cerny127 , A.S. Cerqueira78a , A. Cerri153 , L. Cerrito71a,71b , F. Cerutti16 , A. Cervelli21b,21a , S.A. Cetin11b ,
Z. Chadi33a , D. Chakraborty118 , M. Chala136f , J. Chan177 , W.S. Chan117 , W.Y. Chan88 , J.D. Chapman30 ,
B. Chargeishvili156b , D.G. Charlton19 , T.P. Charman90 , M. Chatterjee18 , C.C. Chau32 , S. Chekanov5 ,
S.V. Chekulaev164a , G.A. Chelkov77,af , A. Chen103 , B. Chen158 , C. Chen58a , C.H. Chen76 , H. Chen13c ,
H. Chen27 , J. Chen58a , J. Chen37 , J. Chen24 , S. Chen133 , S.J. Chen13c , X. Chen13b , Y. Chen58a ,
Y-H. Chen44 , C.L. Cheng177 , H.C. Cheng60a , H.J. Cheng13a , A. Cheplakov77 , E. Cheremushkina44 ,
R. Cherkaoui El Moursli33e , E. Cheu6 , K. Cheung61 , L. Chevalier141 , V. Chiarella49 , G. Chiarelli69a ,
G. Chiodini65a , A.S. Chisholm19 , A. Chitan25b , I. Chiu160 , Y.H. Chiu172 , M.V. Chizhov77,t , K. Choi10 ,
A.R. Chomont70a,70b , Y. Chou100 , Y.S. Chow117 , L.D. Christopher31f , M.C. Chu60a , X. Chu13a,13d ,
J. Chudoba137 , J.J. Chwastowski82 , D. Cieri112 , K.M. Ciesla82 , V. Cindro89 , I.A. Cioară25b , A. Ciocio16 ,
F. Cirotto67a,67b , Z.H. Citron176,l , M. Citterio66a , D.A. Ciubotaru25b , B.M. Ciungu163 , A. Clark52 ,
P.J. Clark48 , S.E. Clawson98 , C. Clement43a,43b , L. Clissa21b,21a , Y. Coadou99 , M. Cobal64a,64c ,
A. Coccaro53b , J. Cochran76 , R.F. Coelho Barrue136a , R. Coelho Lopes De Sa100 , S. Coelli66a , H. Cohen158 ,
A.E.C. Coimbra34 , B. Cole37 , J. Collot56 , P. Conde Muiño136a,136h , S.H. Connell31c , I.A. Connelly55 ,
E.I. Conroy131 , F. Conventi67a,aj , H.G. Cooke19 , A.M. Cooper-Sarkar131 , F. Cormier171 , L.D. Corpe34 ,
M. Corradi70a,70b , E.E. Corrigan94 , F. Corriveau101,aa , M.J. Costa170 , F. Costanza4 , D. Costanzo146 ,
B.M. Cote124 , G. Cowan91 , J.W. Cowley30 , J. Crane98 , K. Cranmer122 , R.A. Creager133 ,
S. Crépé-Renaudin56 , F. Crescioli132 , M. Cristinziani148 , M. Cristoforetti73a,73b,b , V. Croft166 ,
G. Crosetti39b,39a , A. Cueto4 , T. Cuhadar Donszelmann167 , H. Cui13a,13d , A.R. Cukierman150 ,
W.R. Cunningham55 , S. Czekierda82 , P. Czodrowski34 , M.M. Czurylo59b ,
M.J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa58a , J.V. Da Fonseca Pinto78b , C. Da Via98 , W. Dabrowski81a , T. Dado45 ,

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S. Dahbi31f , T. Dai103 , C. Dallapiccola100 , M. Dam38 , G. D’amen27 , V. D’Amico72a,72b , J. Damp97 ,
J.R. Dandoy133 , M.F. Daneri28 , M. Danninger149 , V. Dao34 , G. Darbo53b , S. Darmora5 , A. Dattagupta128 ,
S. D’Auria66a,66b , C. David164b , T. Davidek139 , D.R. Davis47 , B. Davis-Purcell32 , I. Dawson90 , K. De7 ,
R. De Asmundis67a , M. De Beurs117 , S. De Castro21b,21a , N. De Groot116 , P. de Jong117 , H. De la Torre104 ,
A. De Maria13c , D. De Pedis70a , A. De Salvo70a , U. De Sanctis71a,71b , M. De Santis71a,71b , A. De Santo153 ,
J.B. De Vivie De Regie56 , D.V. Dedovich77 , J. Degens117 , A.M. Deiana40 , J. Del Peso96 ,
Y. Delabat Diaz44 , F. Deliot141 , C.M. Delitzsch6 , M. Della Pietra67a,67b , D. Della Volpe52 , A. Dell’Acqua34 ,
L. Dell’Asta66a,66b , M. Delmastro4 , P.A. Delsart56 , S. Demers179 , M. Demichev77 , S.P. Denisov120 ,
L. D’Eramo118 , D. Derendarz82 , J.E. Derkaoui33d , F. Derue132 , P. Dervan88 , K. Desch22 , K. Dette163 ,
C. Deutsch22 , P.O. Deviveiros34 , F.A. Di Bello70a,70b , A. Di Ciaccio71a,71b , L. Di Ciaccio4 ,
C. Di Donato67a,67b , A. Di Girolamo34 , G. Di Gregorio69a,69b , A. Di Luca73a,73b , B. Di Micco72a,72b ,
R. Di Nardo72a,72b , C. Diaconu99 , F.A. Dias117 , T. Dias Do Vale136a , M.A. Diaz143a , F.G. Diaz Capriles22 ,
J. Dickinson16 , M. Didenko170 , E.B. Diehl103 , J. Dietrich17 , S. Díez Cornell44 , C. Diez Pardos148 ,
A. Dimitrievska16 , W. Ding13b , J. Dingfelder22 , S.J. Dittmeier59b , F. Dittus34 , F. Djama99 , T. Djobava156b ,
J.I. Djuvsland15 , M.A.B. Do Vale144 , D. Dodsworth24 , C. Doglioni94 , J. Dolejsi139 , Z. Dolezal139 ,
M. Donadelli78c , B. Dong58c , J. Donini36 , A. D’onofrio13c , M. D’Onofrio88 , J. Dopke140 , A. Doria67a ,
M.T. Dova86 , A.T. Doyle55 , E. Drechsler149 , E. Dreyer149 , T. Dreyer51 , A.S. Drobac166 , D. Du58b ,
T.A. du Pree117 , F. Dubinin108 , M. Dubovsky26a , A. Dubreuil52 , E. Duchovni176 , G. Duckeck111 ,
O.A. Ducu34,25b , D. Duda112 , A. Dudarev34 , M. D’uffizi98 , L. Duflot62 , M. Dührssen34 , C. Dülsen178 ,
A.E. Dumitriu25b , M. Dunford59a , S. Dungs45 , A. Duperrin99 , H. Duran Yildiz3a , M. Düren54 ,
A. Durglishvili156b , B. Dutta44 , D. Duvnjak1 , G.I. Dyckes133 , M. Dyndal81a , S. Dysch98 , B.S. Dziedzic82 ,
B. Eckerova26a , M.G. Eggleston47 , E. Egidio Purcino De Souza78b , L.F. Ehrke52 , T. Eifert7 , G. Eigen15 ,
K. Einsweiler16 , T. Ekelof168 , Y. El Ghazali33b , H. El Jarrari33e , A. El Moussaouy33a , V. Ellajosyula168 ,
M. Ellert168 , F. Ellinghaus178 , A.A. Elliot90 , N. Ellis34 , J. Elmsheuser27 , M. Elsing34 , D. Emeliyanov140 ,
A. Emerman37 , Y. Enari160 , J. Erdmann45 , A. Ereditato18 , P.A. Erland82 , M. Errenst178 , M. Escalier62 ,
C. Escobar170 , O. Estrada Pastor170 , E. Etzion158 , G. Evans136a , H. Evans63 , M.O. Evans153 , A. Ezhilov134 ,
F. Fabbri55 , L. Fabbri21b,21a , V. Fabiani116 , G. Facini174 , R.M. Fakhrutdinov120 , S. Falciano70a , P.J. Falke22 ,
S. Falke34 , J. Faltova139 , Y. Fan13a , Y. Fang13a , Y. Fang13a , G. Fanourakis42 , M. Fanti66a,66b , M. Faraj58c ,
A. Farbin7 , A. Farilla72a , E.M. Farina68a,68b , T. Farooque104 , S.M. Farrington48 , P. Farthouat34 , F. Fassi33e ,
D. Fassouliotis8 , M. Faucci Giannelli71a,71b , W.J. Fawcett30 , L. Fayard62 , O.L. Fedin134,q , A. Fehr18 ,
M. Feickert169 , L. Feligioni99 , A. Fell146 , C. Feng58b , M. Feng13b , M.J. Fenton167 , A.B. Fenyuk120 ,
S.W. Ferguson41 , J. Ferrando44 , A. Ferrari168 , P. Ferrari117 , R. Ferrari68a , D. Ferrere52 , C. Ferretti103 ,
F. Fiedler97 , A. Filipčič89 , F. Filthaut116 , M.C.N. Fiolhais136a,136c,a , L. Fiorini170 , F. Fischer111 , J. Fischer97 ,
W.C. Fisher104 , T. Fitschen19 , I. Fleck148 , P. Fleischmann103 , T. Flick178 , B.M. Flierl111 , L. Flores133 ,
L.R. Flores Castillo60a , F.M. Follega73a,73b , N. Fomin15 , J.H. Foo163 , G.T. Forcolin73a,73b , B.C. Forland63 ,
A. Formica141 , F.A. Förster12 , A.C. Forti98 , E. Fortin99 , M.G. Foti131 , D. Fournier62 , H. Fox87 ,
P. Francavilla69a,69b , S. Francescato70a,70b , M. Franchini21b,21a , S. Franchino59a , D. Francis34 , L. Franco4 ,
L. Franconi18 , M. Franklin57 , G. Frattari70a,70b , A.C. Freegard90 , P.M. Freeman19 , B. Freund107 ,
W.S. Freund78b , E.M. Freundlich45 , D. Froidevaux34 , J.A. Frost131 , Y. Fu58a , M. Fujimoto123 ,
E. Fullana Torregrosa170 , T. Fusayasu113 , J. Fuster170 , A. Gabrielli21b,21a , A. Gabrielli34 , P. Gadow44 ,
G. Gagliardi53b,53a , L.G. Gagnon16 , G.E. Gallardo131 , E.J. Gallas131 , B.J. Gallop140 , R. Gamboa Goni90 ,
K.K. Gan124 , S. Ganguly176 , J. Gao58a , Y. Gao48 , Y.S. Gao29,n , F.M. Garay Walls143a , C. García170 ,
J.E. García Navarro170 , J.A. García Pascual13a , M. Garcia-Sciveres16 , R.W. Gardner35 , D. Garg75 ,
S. Gargiulo50 , C.A. Garner163 , V. Garonne130 , S.J. Gasiorowski145 , P. Gaspar78b , G. Gaudio68a ,
P. Gauzzi70a,70b , I.L. Gavrilenko108 , A. Gavrilyuk121 , C. Gay171 , G. Gaycken44 , E.N. Gazis9 ,
A.A. Geanta25b , C.M. Gee142 , C.N.P. Gee140 , J. Geisen94 , M. Geisen97 , C. Gemme53b , M.H. Genest56 ,
S. Gentile70a,70b , S. George91 , T. Geralis42 , L.O. Gerlach51 , P. Gessinger-Befurt97 ,

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M. Ghasemi Bostanabad172 , M. Ghneimat148 , A. Ghosh167 , A. Ghosh75 , B. Giacobbe21b , S. Giagu70a,70b ,
N. Giangiacomi163 , P. Giannetti69a , A. Giannini67a,67b , S.M. Gibson91 , M. Gignac142 , D.T. Gil81b ,
B.J. Gilbert37 , D. Gillberg32 , G. Gilles178 , N.E.K. Gillwald44 , D.M. Gingrich2,ai , M.P. Giordani64a,64c ,
P.F. Giraud141 , G. Giugliarelli64a,64c , D. Giugni66a , F. Giuli71a,71b , I. Gkialas8,i , E.L. Gkougkousis12 ,
P. Gkountoumis9 , L.K. Gladilin110 , C. Glasman96 , G.R. Gledhill128 , M. Glisic128 , I. Gnesi39b,d ,
M. Goblirsch-Kolb24 , D. Godin107 , S. Goldfarb102 , T. Golling52 , D. Golubkov120 , J.P. Gombas104 ,
A. Gomes136a,136b , R. Goncalves Gama51 , R. Gonçalo136a,136c , G. Gonella128 , L. Gonella19 , A. Gongadze77 ,
F. Gonnella19 , J.L. Gonski37 , S. González de la Hoz170 , S. Gonzalez Fernandez12 , R. Gonzalez Lopez88 ,
C. Gonzalez Renteria16 , R. Gonzalez Suarez168 , S. Gonzalez-Sevilla52 , G.R. Gonzalvo Rodriguez170 ,
R.Y. González Andana143a , L. Goossens34 , N.A. Gorasia19 , P.A. Gorbounov121 , H.A. Gordon27 ,
B. Gorini34 , E. Gorini65a,65b , A. Gorišek89 , A.T. Goshaw47 , M.I. Gostkin77 , C.A. Gottardo116 ,
M. Gouighri33b , V. Goumarre44 , A.G. Goussiou145 , N. Govender31c , C. Goy4 , I. Grabowska-Bold81a ,
K. Graham32 , E. Gramstad130 , S. Grancagnolo17 , M. Grandi153 , V. Gratchev134 , P.M. Gravila25f ,
F.G. Gravili65a,65b , H.M. Gray16 , C. Grefe22 , I.M. Gregor44 , P. Grenier150 , K. Grevtsov44 , C. Grieco12 ,
N.A. Grieser125 , A.A. Grillo142 , K. Grimm29,m , S. Grinstein12,x , J.-F. Grivaz62 , S. Groh97 , E. Gross176 ,
J. Grosse-Knetter51 , Z.J. Grout92 , C. Grud103 , A. Grummer115 , J.C. Grundy131 , L. Guan103 , W. Guan177 ,
C. Gubbels171 , J. Guenther34 , J.G.R. Guerrero Rojas170 , F. Guescini112 , D. Guest17 , R. Gugel97 ,
A. Guida44 , T. Guillemin4 , S. Guindon34 , J. Guo58c , L. Guo62 , Y. Guo103 , R. Gupta44 , S. Gurbuz22 ,
G. Gustavino125 , M. Guth50 , P. Gutierrez125 , L.F. Gutierrez Zagazeta133 , C. Gutschow92 , C. Guyot141 ,
C. Gwenlan131 , C.B. Gwilliam88 , E.S. Haaland130 , A. Haas122 , M. Habedank17 , C. Haber16 ,
H.K. Hadavand7 , A. Hadef97 , M. Haleem173 , J. Haley126 , J.J. Hall146 , G. Halladjian104 , G.D. Hallewell99 ,
L. Halser18 , K. Hamano172 , H. Hamdaoui33e , M. Hamer22 , G.N. Hamity48 , K. Han58a , L. Han13c ,
L. Han58a , S. Han16 , Y.F. Han163 , K. Hanagaki79,v , M. Hance142 , M.D. Hank35 , R. Hankache98 ,
E. Hansen94 , J.B. Hansen38 , J.D. Hansen38 , M.C. Hansen22 , P.H. Hansen38 , K. Hara165 , T. Harenberg178 ,
S. Harkusha105 , Y.T. Harris131 , P.F. Harrison174 , N.M. Hartman150 , N.M. Hartmann111 , Y. Hasegawa147 ,
A. Hasib48 , S. Hassani141 , S. Haug18 , R. Hauser104 , M. Havranek138 , C.M. Hawkes19 , R.J. Hawkings34 ,
S. Hayashida114 , D. Hayden104 , C. Hayes103 , R.L. Hayes171 , C.P. Hays131 , J.M. Hays90 , H.S. Hayward88 ,
S.J. Haywood140 , F. He58a , Y. He161 , Y. He132 , M.P. Heath48 , V. Hedberg94 , A.L. Heggelund130 ,
N.D. Hehir90 , C. Heidegger50 , K.K. Heidegger50 , W.D. Heidorn76 , J. Heilman32 , S. Heim44 , T. Heim16 ,
B. Heinemann44,ag , J.G. Heinlein133 , J.J. Heinrich128 , L. Heinrich34 , J. Hejbal137 , L. Helary44 , A. Held122 ,
S. Hellesund130 , C.M. Helling142 , S. Hellman43a,43b , C. Helsens34 , R.C.W. Henderson87 , L. Henkelmann30 ,
A.M. Henriques Correia34 , H. Herde150 , Y. Hernández Jiménez152 , H. Herr97 , M.G. Herrmann111 ,
T. Herrmann46 , G. Herten50 , R. Hertenberger111 , L. Hervas34 , N.P. Hessey164a , H. Hibi80 , S. Higashino79 ,
E. Higón-Rodriguez170 , K.K. Hill27 , K.H. Hiller44 , S.J. Hillier19 , M. Hils46 , I. Hinchliffe16 ,
F. Hinterkeuser22 , M. Hirose129 , S. Hirose165 , D. Hirschbuehl178 , B. Hiti89 , O. Hladik137 , J. Hobbs152 ,
R. Hobincu25e , N. Hod176 , M.C. Hodgkinson146 , B.H. Hodkinson30 , A. Hoecker34 , J. Hofer44 , D. Hohn50 ,
T. Holm22 , T.R. Holmes35 , M. Holzbock112 , L.B.A.H. Hommels30 , B.P. Honan98 , T.M. Hong135 ,
J.C. Honig50 , A. Hönle112 , B.H. Hooberman169 , W.H. Hopkins5 , Y. Horii114 , P. Horn46 , L.A. Horyn35 ,
S. Hou155 , J. Howarth55 , J. Hoya86 , M. Hrabovsky127 , A. Hrynevich106 , T. Hryn’ova4 , P.J. Hsu61 ,
S.-C. Hsu145 , Q. Hu37 , S. Hu58c , Y.F. Hu13a,13d,ak , D.P. Huang92 , X. Huang13c , Y. Huang58a , Y. Huang13a ,
Z. Hubacek138 , F. Hubaut99 , M. Huebner22 , F. Huegging22 , T.B. Huffman131 , M. Huhtinen34 ,
R. Hulsken56 , N. Huseynov77,ab , J. Huston104 , J. Huth57 , R. Hyneman150 , S. Hyrych26a , G. Iacobucci52 ,
G. Iakovidis27 , I. Ibragimov148 , L. Iconomidou-Fayard62 , P. Iengo34 , R. Ignazzi38 , O. Igonkina117 ,
R. Iguchi160 , T. Iizawa52 , Y. Ikegami79 , N. Ilic163,163 , H. Imam33a , G. Introzzi68a,68b , M. Iodice72a ,
V. Ippolito70a,70b , M. Ishino160 , W. Islam126 , C. Issever17,44 , S. Istin11c,al , J.M. Iturbe Ponce60a ,
R. Iuppa73a,73b , A. Ivina176 , J.M. Izen41 , V. Izzo67a , P. Jacka137 , P. Jackson1 , R.M. Jacobs44 , B.P. Jaeger149 ,
C.S. Jagfeld111 , G. Jäkel178 , K.B. Jakobi97 , K. Jakobs50 , T. Jakoubek176 , J. Jamieson55 , K.W. Janas81a ,

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G. Jarlskog94 , A.E. Jaspan88 , N. Javadov77,ab , T. Javůrek34 , M. Javurkova100 , F. Jeanneau141 , L. Jeanty128 ,
J. Jejelava156a , P. Jenni50,e , S. Jézéquel4 , J. Jia152 , Z. Jia13c , Y. Jiang58a , S. Jiggins50 , J. Jimenez Pena112 ,
S. Jin13c , A. Jinaru25b , O. Jinnouchi161 , H. Jivan31f , P. Johansson146 , K.A. Johns6 , C.A. Johnson63 ,
E. Jones174 , R.W.L. Jones87 , T.J. Jones88 , J. Jovicevic34 , X. Ju16 , J.J. Junggeburth34 , A. Juste Rozas12,x ,
A. Kaczmarska82 , M. Kado70a,70b , H. Kagan124 , M. Kagan150 , A. Kahn37 , C. Kahra97 , T. Kaji175 ,
E. Kajomovitz157 , C.W. Kalderon27 , A. Kaluza97 , A. Kamenshchikov120 , M. Kaneda160 , N.J. Kang142 ,
S. Kang76 , Y. Kano114 , J. Kanzaki79 , D. Kar31f , K. Karava131 , M.J. Kareem164b , I. Karkanias159 ,
S.N. Karpov77 , Z.M. Karpova77 , V. Kartvelishvili87 , A.N. Karyukhin120 , E. Kasimi159 , C. Kato58d ,
J. Katzy44 , K. Kawade147 , K. Kawagoe85 , T. Kawaguchi114 , T. Kawamoto141 , G. Kawamura51 , E.F. Kay172 ,
F.I. Kaya166 , S. Kazakos12 , V.F. Kazanin119b,119a , Y. Ke152 , J.M. Keaveney31a , R. Keeler172 , J.S. Keller32 ,
D. Kelsey153 , J.J. Kempster19 , J. Kendrick19 , K.E. Kennedy37 , O. Kepka137 , S. Kersten178 ,
B.P. Kerševan89 , S. Ketabchi Haghighat163 , M. Khandoga132 , A. Khanov126 , A.G. Kharlamov119b,119a ,
T. Kharlamova119b,119a , E.E. Khoda171 , T.J. Khoo17 , G. Khoriauli173 , E. Khramov77 , J. Khubua156b ,
S. Kido80 , M. Kiehn34 , A. Kilgallon128 , E. Kim161 , Y.K. Kim35 , N. Kimura92 , A. Kirchhoff51 ,
D. Kirchmeier46 , J. Kirk140 , A.E. Kiryunin112 , T. Kishimoto160 , D.P. Kisliuk163 , V. Kitali44 , C. Kitsaki9 ,
O. Kivernyk22 , T. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus50 , M. Klassen59a , C. Klein32 , L. Klein173 , M.H. Klein103 ,
M. Klein88 , U. Klein88 , P. Klimek34 , A. Klimentov27 , F. Klimpel34 , T. Klingl22 , T. Klioutchnikova34 ,
F.F. Klitzner111 , P. Kluit117 , S. Kluth112 , E. Kneringer74 , T.M. Knight163 , A. Knue50 , D. Kobayashi85 ,
M. Kobel46 , M. Kocian150 , T. Kodama160 , P. Kodys139 , D.M. Koeck153 , P.T. Koenig22 , T. Koffas32 ,
N.M. Köhler34 , M. Kolb141 , I. Koletsou4 , T. Komarek127 , K. Köneke50 , A.X.Y. Kong1 , T. Kono123 ,
V. Konstantinides92 , N. Konstantinidis92 , B. Konya94 , R. Kopeliansky63 , S. Koperny81a , K. Korcyl82 ,
K. Kordas159 , G. Koren158 , A. Korn92 , S. Korn51 , I. Korolkov12 , E.V. Korolkova146 , N. Korotkova110 ,
O. Kortner112 , S. Kortner112 , V.V. Kostyukhin146,162 , A. Kotsokechagia62 , A. Kotwal47 , A. Koulouris8 ,
A. Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi68a,68b , C. Kourkoumelis8 , E. Kourlitis5 , R. Kowalewski172 ,
W. Kozanecki141 , A.S. Kozhin120 , V.A. Kramarenko110 , G. Kramberger89 , D. Krasnopevtsev58a ,
M.W. Krasny132 , A. Krasznahorkay34 , J.A. Kremer97 , J. Kretzschmar88 , K. Kreul17 , P. Krieger163 ,
F. Krieter111 , S. Krishnamurthy100 , A. Krishnan59b , M. Krivos139 , K. Krizka16 , K. Kroeninger45 ,
H. Kroha112 , J. Kroll137 , J. Kroll133 , K.S. Krowpman104 , U. Kruchonak77 , H. Krüger22 , N. Krumnack76 ,
M.C. Kruse47 , J.A. Krzysiak82 , A. Kubota161 , O. Kuchinskaia162 , S. Kuday3b , D. Kuechler44 ,
J.T. Kuechler44 , S. Kuehn34 , T. Kuhl44 , V. Kukhtin77 , Y. Kulchitsky105,ae , S. Kuleshov143b , M. Kumar31f ,
N. Kumari99 , M. Kuna56 , A. Kupco137 , T. Kupfer45 , O. Kuprash50 , H. Kurashige80 , L.L. Kurchaninov164a ,
Y.A. Kurochkin105 , A. Kurova109 , M.G. Kurth13a,13d , E.S. Kuwertz34 , M. Kuze161 , A.K. Kvam145 ,
J. Kvita127 , T. Kwan101 , C. Lacasta170 , F. Lacava70a,70b , H. Lacker17 , D. Lacour132 , N.N. Lad92 ,
E. Ladygin77 , R. Lafaye4 , B. Laforge132 , T. Lagouri143c , S. Lai51 , I.K. Lakomiec81a , N. Lalloue56 ,
J.E. Lambert125 , S. Lammers63 , W. Lampl6 , C. Lampoudis159 , E. Lançon27 , U. Landgraf50 ,
M.P.J. Landon90 , V.S. Lang50 , J.C. Lange51 , R.J. Langenberg100 , A.J. Lankford167 , F. Lanni27 ,
K. Lantzsch22 , A. Lanza68a , A. Lapertosa53b,53a , J.F. Laporte141 , T. Lari66a , F. Lasagni Manghi21b,21a ,
M. Lassnig34 , V. Latonova137 , T.S. Lau60a , A. Laudrain97 , A. Laurier32 , M. Lavorgna67a,67b , S.D. Lawlor91 ,
M. Lazzaroni66a,66b , B. Le98 , A. Lebedev76 , M. LeBlanc34 , T. LeCompte5 , F. Ledroit-Guillon56 ,
A.C.A. Lee92 , C.A. Lee27 , G.R. Lee15 , L. Lee57 , S.C. Lee155 , S. Lee76 , L.L. Leeuw31c , B. Lefebvre164a ,
H.P. Lefebvre91 , M. Lefebvre172 , C. Leggett16 , K. Lehmann149 , N. Lehmann18 , G. Lehmann Miotto34 ,
W.A. Leight44 , A. Leisos159,w , M.A.L. Leite78c , C.E. Leitgeb44 , R. Leitner139 , K.J.C. Leney40 , T. Lenz22 ,
S. Leone69a , C. Leonidopoulos48 , A. Leopold132 , C. Leroy107 , R. Les104 , C.G. Lester30 , M. Levchenko134 ,
J. Levêque4 , D. Levin103 , L.J. Levinson176 , D.J. Lewis19 , B. Li13b , B. Li103 , C. Li58a , C-Q. Li58c,58d ,
H. Li58a , H. Li58b , J. Li58c , K. Li145 , L. Li58c , M. Li13a,13d , Q.Y. Li58a , S. Li58d,c , X. Li44 , Y. Li44 , Z. Li58b ,
Z. Li131 , Z. Li101 , Z. Li88 , Z. Liang13a , M. Liberatore44 , B. Liberti71a , K. Lie60c , K. Lin104 , R.A. Linck63 ,
R.E. Lindley6 , J.H. Lindon2 , A. Linss44 , A.L. Lionti52 , E. Lipeles133 , A. Lipniacka15 , T.M. Liss169,ah ,

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A. Lister171 , J.D. Little7 , B. Liu13a , B.X. Liu149 , J.B. Liu58a , J.K.K. Liu35 , K. Liu58d,58c , M. Liu58a ,
M.Y. Liu58a , P. Liu13a , X. Liu58a , Y. Liu44 , Y. Liu13c,13d , Y.L. Liu103 , Y.W. Liu58a , M. Livan68a,68b ,
A. Lleres56 , J. Llorente Merino149 , S.L. Lloyd90 , E.M. Lobodzinska44 , P. Loch6 , S. Loffredo71a,71b ,
T. Lohse17 , K. Lohwasser146 , M. Lokajicek137 , J.D. Long169 , R.E. Long87 , I. Longarini70a,70b , L. Longo34 ,
R. Longo169 , I. Lopez Paz12 , A. Lopez Solis44 , J. Lorenz111 , N. Lorenzo Martinez4 , A.M. Lory111 ,
A. Lösle50 , X. Lou43a,43b , X. Lou13a , A. Lounis62 , J. Love5 , P.A. Love87 , J.J. Lozano Bahilo170 , G. Lu13a ,
M. Lu58a , S. Lu133 , Y.J. Lu61 , H.J. Lubatti145 , C. Luci70a,70b , F.L. Lucio Alves13c , A. Lucotte56 ,
F. Luehring63 , I. Luise152 , L. Luminari70a , B. Lund-Jensen151 , N.A. Luongo128 , M.S. Lutz158 , D. Lynn27 ,
H. Lyons88 , R. Lysak137 , E. Lytken94 , F. Lyu13a , V. Lyubushkin77 , T. Lyubushkina77 , H. Ma27 , L.L. Ma58b ,
Y. Ma92 , D.M. Mac Donell172 , G. Maccarrone49 , C.M. Macdonald146 , J.C. MacDonald146 , R. Madar36 ,
W.F. Mader46 , M. Madugoda Ralalage Don126 , N. Madysa46 , J. Maeda80 , T. Maeno27 , M. Maerker46 ,
V. Magerl50 , J. Magro64a,64c , D.J. Mahon37 , C. Maidantchik78b , A. Maio136a,136b,136d , K. Maj81a ,
O. Majersky26a , S. Majewski128 , N. Makovec62 , B. Malaescu132 , Pa. Malecki82 , V.P. Maleev134 ,
F. Malek56 , D. Malito39b,39a , U. Mallik75 , C. Malone30 , S. Maltezos9 , S. Malyukov77 , J. Mamuzic170 ,
G. Mancini49 , J.P. Mandalia90 , I. Mandić89 , L. Manhaes de Andrade Filho78a , I.M. Maniatis159 ,
M. Manisha141 , J. Manjarres Ramos46 , K.H. Mankinen94 , A. Mann111 , A. Manousos74 , B. Mansoulie141 ,
I. Manthos159 , S. Manzoni117 , A. Marantis159,w , L. Marchese131 , G. Marchiori132 , M. Marcisovsky137 ,
L. Marcoccia71a,71b , C. Marcon94 , M. Marjanovic125 , Z. Marshall16 , S. Marti-Garcia170 , T.A. Martin174 ,
V.J. Martin48 , B. Martin dit Latour15 , L. Martinelli72a,72b , M. Martinez12,x , P. Martinez Agullo170 ,
V.I. Martinez Outschoorn100 , S. Martin-Haugh140 , V.S. Martoiu25b , A.C. Martyniuk92 , A. Marzin34 ,
S.R. Maschek112 , L. Masetti97 , T. Mashimo160 , R. Mashinistov108 , J. Masik98 , A.L. Maslennikov119b,119a ,
L. Massa21b,21a , P. Massarotti67a,67b , P. Mastrandrea69a,69b , A. Mastroberardino39b,39a , T. Masubuchi160 ,
D. Matakias27 , T. Mathisen168 , A. Matic111 , N. Matsuzawa160 , J. Maurer25b , B. Maček89 ,
D.A. Maximov119b,119a , R. Mazini155 , I. Maznas159 , S.M. Mazza142 , C. Mc Ginn27 , J.P. Mc Gowan101 ,
S.P. Mc Kee103 , T.G. McCarthy112 , W.P. McCormack16 , E.F. McDonald102 , A.E. McDougall117 ,
J.A. Mcfayden153 , G. Mchedlidze156b , M.A. McKay40 , K.D. McLean172 , S.J. McMahon140 ,
P.C. McNamara102 , R.A. McPherson172,aa , J.E. Mdhluli31f , Z.A. Meadows100 , S. Meehan34 , T. Megy36 ,
S. Mehlhase111 , A. Mehta88 , B. Meirose41 , D. Melini157 , B.R. Mellado Garcia31f , F. Meloni44 ,
A. Melzer22 , E.D. Mendes Gouveia136a , A.M. Mendes Jacques Da Costa19 , H.Y. Meng163 , L. Meng34 ,
S. Menke112 , M. Mentink34 , E. Meoni39b,39a , S.A.M. Merkt135 , C. Merlassino131 , P. Mermod52,* ,
L. Merola67a,67b , C. Meroni66a , G. Merz103 , O. Meshkov110,108 , J.K.R. Meshreki148 , J. Metcalfe5 ,
A.S. Mete5 , C. Meyer63 , J-P. Meyer141 , M. Michetti17 , R.P. Middleton140 , L. Mijović48 , G. Mikenberg176 ,
M. Mikestikova137 , M. Mikuž89 , H. Mildner146 , A. Milic163 , C.D. Milke40 , D.W. Miller35 , L.S. Miller32 ,
A. Milov176 , D.A. Milstead43a,43b , A.A. Minaenko120 , I.A. Minashvili156b , L. Mince55 , A.I. Mincer122 ,
B. Mindur81a , M. Mineev77 , Y. Minegishi160 , Y. Mino83 , L.M. Mir12 , M. Miralles Lopez170 ,
M. Mironova131 , T. Mitani175 , V.A. Mitsou170 , M. Mittal58c , O. Miu163 , P.S. Miyagawa90 , Y. Miyazaki85 ,
A. Mizukami79 , J.U. Mjörnmark94 , T. Mkrtchyan59a , M. Mlynarikova118 , T. Moa43a,43b , S. Mobius51 ,
K. Mochizuki107 , P. Moder44 , P. Mogg111 , S. Mohapatra37 , G. Mokgatitswane31f , B. Mondal148 ,
S. Mondal138 , K. Mönig44 , E. Monnier99 , A. Montalbano149 , J. Montejo Berlingen34 , M. Montella124 ,
F. Monticelli86 , N. Morange62 , A.L. Moreira De Carvalho136a , M. Moreno Llácer170 ,
C. Moreno Martinez12 , P. Morettini53b , M. Morgenstern157 , S. Morgenstern174 , D. Mori149 , M. Morii57 ,
M. Morinaga160 , V. Morisbak130 , A.K. Morley34 , A.P. Morris92 , L. Morvaj34 , P. Moschovakos34 ,
B. Moser117 , M. Mosidze156b , T. Moskalets50 , P. Moskvitina116 , J. Moss29,o , E.J.W. Moyse100 ,
S. Muanza99 , J. Mueller135 , D. Muenstermann87 , G.A. Mullier94 , J.J. Mullin133 , D.P. Mungo66a,66b ,
J.L. Munoz Martinez12 , F.J. Munoz Sanchez98 , M. Murin98 , P. Murin26b , W.J. Murray174,140 ,
A. Murrone66a,66b , J.M. Muse125 , M. Muškinja16 , C. Mwewa27 , A.G. Myagkov120,af , A.A. Myers135 ,
G. Myers63 , J. Myers128 , M. Myska138 , B.P. Nachman16 , O. Nackenhorst45 , A.Nag Nag46 , K. Nagai131 ,

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K. Nagano79 , J.L. Nagle27 , E. Nagy99 , A.M. Nairz34 , Y. Nakahama114 , K. Nakamura79 , H. Nanjo129 ,
F. Napolitano59a , R. Narayan40 , I. Naryshkin134 , M. Naseri32 , C. Nass22 , T. Naumann44 , G. Navarro20a ,
J. Navarro-Gonzalez170 , P.Y. Nechaeva108 , F. Nechansky44 , T.J. Neep19 , A. Negri68a,68b , M. Negrini21b ,
C. Nellist116 , C. Nelson101 , K. Nelson103 , M.E. Nelson43a,43b , S. Nemecek137 , M. Nessi34,g ,
M.S. Neubauer169 , F. Neuhaus97 , J. Neundorf44 , R. Newhouse171 , P.R. Newman19 , C.W. Ng135 , Y.S. Ng17 ,
Y.W.Y. Ng167 , B. Ngair33e , H.D.N. Nguyen99 , T. Nguyen Manh107 , R.B. Nickerson131 , R. Nicolaidou141 ,
D.S. Nielsen38 , J. Nielsen142 , M. Niemeyer51 , N. Nikiforou10 , V. Nikolaenko120,af , I. Nikolic-Audit132 ,
K. Nikolopoulos19 , P. Nilsson27 , H.R. Nindhito52 , A. Nisati70a , N. Nishu2 , R. Nisius112 , T. Nitta175 ,
T. Nobe160 , D.L. Noel30 , Y. Noguchi83 , I. Nomidis132 , M.A. Nomura27 , M.B. Norfolk146 ,
R.R.B. Norisam92 , J. Novak89 , T. Novak44 , O. Novgorodova46 , L. Novotny138 , R. Novotny115 , L. Nozka127 ,
K. Ntekas167 , E. Nurse92 , F.G. Oakham32,ai , J. Ocariz132 , A. Ochi80 , I. Ochoa136a , J.P. Ochoa-Ricoux143a ,
K. O’Connor24 , S. Oda85 , S. Odaka79 , S. Oerdek51 , A. Ogrodnik81a , A. Oh98 , C.C. Ohm151 , H. Oide161 ,
R. Oishi160 , M.L. Ojeda163 , Y. Okazaki83 , M.W. O’Keefe88 , Y. Okumura160 , A. Olariu25b ,
L.F. Oleiro Seabra136a , S.A. Olivares Pino143c , D. Oliveira Damazio27 , D. Oliveira Goncalves78a ,
J.L. Oliver1 , M.J.R. Olsson167 , A. Olszewski82 , J. Olszowska82 , Ö.O. Öncel22 , D.C. O’Neil149 ,
A.P. O’neill131 , A. Onofre136a,136e , P.U.E. Onyisi10 , H. Oppen130 , R.G. Oreamuno Madriz118 ,
M.J. Oreglia35 , G.E. Orellana86 , D. Orestano72a,72b , N. Orlando12 , R.S. Orr163 , V. O’Shea55 ,
R. Ospanov58a , G. Otero y Garzon28 , H. Otono85 , P.S. Ott59a , G.J. Ottino16 , M. Ouchrif33d , J. Ouellette27 ,
F. Ould-Saada130 , A. Ouraou141,* , Q. Ouyang13a , M. Owen55 , R.E. Owen140 , V.E. Ozcan11c , N. Ozturk7 ,
S. Ozturk11c , J. Pacalt127 , H.A. Pacey30 , K. Pachal47 , A. Pacheco Pages12 , C. Padilla Aranda12 ,
S. Pagan Griso16 , G. Palacino63 , S. Palazzo48 , S. Palestini34 , M. Palka81b , P. Palni81a , D.K. Panchal10 ,
C.E. Pandini52 , J.G. Panduro Vazquez91 , P. Pani44 , G. Panizzo64a,64c , L. Paolozzi52 , C. Papadatos107 ,
S. Parajuli40 , A. Paramonov5 , C. Paraskevopoulos9 , D. Paredes Hernandez60b , S.R. Paredes Saenz131 ,
B. Parida176 , T.H. Park163 , A.J. Parker29 , M.A. Parker30 , F. Parodi53b,53a , E.W. Parrish118 , J.A. Parsons37 ,
U. Parzefall50 , L. Pascual Dominguez158 , V.R. Pascuzzi16 , F. Pasquali117 , E. Pasqualucci70a ,
S. Passaggio53b , F. Pastore91 , P. Pasuwan43a,43b , J.R. Pater98 , A. Pathak177 , J. Patton88 , T. Pauly34 ,
J. Pearkes150 , M. Pedersen130 , L. Pedraza Diaz116 , R. Pedro136a , T. Peiffer51 , S.V. Peleganchuk119b,119a ,
O. Penc137 , C. Peng60b , H. Peng58a , M. Penzin162 , B.S. Peralva78a , M.M. Perego62 , A.P. Pereira Peixoto136a ,
L. Pereira Sanchez43a,43b , D.V. Perepelitsa27 , E. Perez Codina164a , M. Perganti9 , L. Perini66a,66b ,
H. Pernegger34 , S. Perrella34 , A. Perrevoort117 , K. Peters44 , R.F.Y. Peters98 , B.A. Petersen34 ,
T.C. Petersen38 , E. Petit99 , V. Petousis138 , C. Petridou159 , P. Petroff62 , F. Petrucci72a,72b , M. Pettee179 ,
N.E. Pettersson34 , K. Petukhova139 , A. Peyaud141 , R. Pezoa143d , L. Pezzotti68a,68b , G. Pezzullo179 ,
T. Pham102 , P.W. Phillips140 , M.W. Phipps169 , G. Piacquadio152 , E. Pianori16 , F. Piazza66a,66b ,
A. Picazio100 , R. Piegaia28 , D. Pietreanu25b , J.E. Pilcher35 , A.D. Pilkington98 , M. Pinamonti64a,64c ,
J.L. Pinfold2 , C. Pitman Donaldson92 , D.A. Pizzi32 , L. Pizzimento71a,71b , A. Pizzini117 , M.-A. Pleier27 ,
V. Plesanovs50 , V. Pleskot139 , E. Plotnikova77 , P. Podberezko119b,119a , R. Poettgen94 , R. Poggi52 ,
L. Poggioli132 , I. Pogrebnyak104 , D. Pohl22 , I. Pokharel51 , G. Polesello68a , A. Poley149,164a ,
A. Policicchio70a,70b , R. Polifka139 , A. Polini21b , C.S. Pollard44 , Z.B. Pollock124 , V. Polychronakos27 ,
D. Ponomarenko109 , L. Pontecorvo34 , S. Popa25a , G.A. Popeneciu25d , L. Portales4 ,
D.M. Portillo Quintero56 , S. Pospisil138 , P. Postolache25c , K. Potamianos131 , I.N. Potrap77 , C.J. Potter30 ,
H. Potti1 , T. Poulsen44 , J. Poveda170 , T.D. Powell146 , G. Pownall44 , M.E. Pozo Astigarraga34 ,
A. Prades Ibanez170 , P. Pralavorio99 , M.M. Prapa42 , S. Prell76 , D. Price98 , M. Primavera65a ,
M.A. Principe Martin96 , M.L. Proffitt145 , N. Proklova109 , K. Prokofiev60c , F. Prokoshin77 ,
S. Protopopescu27 , J. Proudfoot5 , M. Przybycien81a , D. Pudzha134 , P. Puzo62 , D. Pyatiizbyantseva109 ,
J. Qian103 , Y. Qin98 , A. Quadt51 , M. Queitsch-Maitland34 , G. Rabanal Bolanos57 , F. Ragusa66a,66b ,
G. Rahal95 , J.A. Raine52 , S. Rajagopalan27 , K. Ran13a,13d , D.F. Rassloff59a , D.M. Rauch44 , S. Rave97 ,
B. Ravina55 , I. Ravinovich176 , M. Raymond34 , A.L. Read130 , N.P. Readioff146 , D.M. Rebuzzi68a,68b ,

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G. Redlinger27 , K. Reeves41 , D. Reikher158 , A. Reiss97 , A. Rej148 , C. Rembser34 , A. Renardi44 ,
M. Renda25b , M.B. Rendel112 , A.G. Rennie55 , S. Resconi66a , E.D. Resseguie16 , S. Rettie92 , B. Reynolds124 ,
E. Reynolds19 , M. Rezaei Estabragh178 , O.L. Rezanova119b,119a , P. Reznicek139 , E. Ricci73a,73b ,
R. Richter112 , S. Richter44 , E. Richter-Was81b , M. Ridel132 , P. Rieck112 , P. Riedler34 , O. Rifki44 ,
M. Rijssenbeek152 , A. Rimoldi68a,68b , M. Rimoldi44 , L. Rinaldi21b , T.T. Rinn169 , M.P. Rinnagel111 ,
G. Ripellino151 , I. Riu12 , P. Rivadeneira44 , J.C. Rivera Vergara172 , F. Rizatdinova126 , E. Rizvi90 ,
C. Rizzi52 , B.A. Roberts174 , S.H. Robertson101,aa , M. Robin44 , D. Robinson30 , C.M. Robles Gajardo143d ,
M. Robles Manzano97 , A. Robson55 , A. Rocchi71a,71b , C. Roda69a,69b , S. Rodriguez Bosca59a ,
A. Rodriguez Rodriguez50 , A.M. Rodríguez Vera164b , S. Roe34 , J. Roggel178 , O. Røhne130 , R.A. Rojas143d ,
B. Roland50 , C.P.A. Roland63 , J. Roloff27 , A. Romaniouk109 , M. Romano21b,21a , N. Rompotis88 ,
M. Ronzani122 , L. Roos132 , S. Rosati70a , G. Rosin100 , B.J. Rosser133 , E. Rossi163 , E. Rossi4 , E. Rossi67a,67b ,
L.P. Rossi53b , L. Rossini44 , R. Rosten124 , M. Rotaru25b , B. Rottler50 , D. Rousseau62 , D. Rousso30 ,
G. Rovelli68a,68b , A. Roy10 , A. Rozanov99 , Y. Rozen157 , X. Ruan31f , A.J. Ruby88 , T.A. Ruggeri1 , F. Rühr50 ,
A. Ruiz-Martinez170 , A. Rummler34 , Z. Rurikova50 , N.A. Rusakovich77 , H.L. Russell34 , L. Rustige36 ,
J.P. Rutherfoord6 , E.M. Rüttinger146 , M. Rybar139 , E.B. Rye130 , A. Ryzhov120 , J.A. Sabater Iglesias44 ,
P. Sabatini170 , L. Sabetta70a,70b , H.F-W. Sadrozinski142 , R. Sadykov77 , F. Safai Tehrani70a ,
B. Safarzadeh Samani153 , M. Safdari150 , P. Saha118 , S. Saha101 , M. Sahinsoy112 , A. Sahu178 ,
M. Saimpert141 , M. Saito160 , T. Saito160 , D. Salamani52 , G. Salamanna72a,72b , A. Salnikov150 , J. Salt170 ,
A. Salvador Salas12 , D. Salvatore39b,39a , F. Salvatore153 , A. Salzburger34 , D. Sammel50 , D. Sampsonidis159 ,
D. Sampsonidou58d,58c , J. Sánchez170 , A. Sanchez Pineda4 , V. Sanchez Sebastian170 , H. Sandaker130 ,
C.O. Sander44 , I.G. Sanderswood87 , J.A. Sandesara100 , M. Sandhoff178 , C. Sandoval20b , D.P.C. Sankey140 ,
M. Sannino53b,53a , Y. Sano114 , A. Sansoni49 , C. Santoni36 , H. Santos136a,136b , S.N. Santpur16 , A. Santra176 ,
K.A. Saoucha146 , A. Sapronov77 , J.G. Saraiva136a,136d , O. Sasaki79 , K. Sato165 , C. Sauer59b ,
F. Sauerburger50 , E. Sauvan4 , P. Savard163,ai , R. Sawada160 , C. Sawyer140 , L. Sawyer93 ,
I. Sayago Galvan170 , C. Sbarra21b , A. Sbrizzi64a,64c , T. Scanlon92 , J. Schaarschmidt145 , P. Schacht112 ,
D. Schaefer35 , L. Schaefer133 , U. Schäfer97 , A.C. Schaffer62 , D. Schaile111 , R.D. Schamberger152 ,
E. Schanet111 , C. Scharf17 , N. Scharmberg98 , V.A. Schegelsky134 , D. Scheirich139 , F. Schenck17 ,
M. Schernau167 , C. Schiavi53b,53a , L.K. Schildgen22 , Z.M. Schillaci24 , E.J. Schioppa65a,65b ,
M. Schioppa39b,39a , B. Schlag97 , K.E. Schleicher50 , S. Schlenker34 , K. Schmieden97 , C. Schmitt97 ,
S. Schmitt44 , L. Schoeffel141 , A. Schoening59b , P.G. Scholer50 , E. Schopf131 , M. Schott97 ,
J. Schovancova34 , S. Schramm52 , F. Schroeder178 , H-C. Schultz-Coulon59a , M. Schumacher50 ,
B.A. Schumm142 , Ph. Schune141 , A. Schwartzman150 , T.A. Schwarz103 , Ph. Schwemling141 ,
R. Schwienhorst104 , A. Sciandra142 , G. Sciolla24 , F. Scuri69a , F. Scutti102 , C.D. Sebastiani88 ,
K. Sedlaczek45 , P. Seema17 , S.C. Seidel115 , A. Seiden142 , B.D. Seidlitz27 , T. Seiss35 , C. Seitz44 ,
J.M. Seixas78b , G. Sekhniaidze67a , S.J. Sekula40 , L.P. Selem4 , N. Semprini-Cesari21b,21a , S. Sen47 ,
C. Serfon27 , L. Serin62 , L. Serkin64a,64b , M. Sessa58a , H. Severini125 , S. Sevova150 , F. Sforza53b,53a ,
A. Sfyrla52 , E. Shabalina51 , R. Shaheen151 , J.D. Shahinian133 , N.W. Shaikh43a,43b , D. Shaked Renous176 ,
L.Y. Shan13a , M. Shapiro16 , A. Sharma34 , A.S. Sharma1 , S. Sharma44 , P.B. Shatalov121 , K. Shaw153 ,
S.M. Shaw98 , P. Sherwood92 , L. Shi92 , C.O. Shimmin179 , Y. Shimogama175 , M. Shimojima113 ,
J.D. Shinner91 , I.P.J. Shipsey131 , S. Shirabe52 , M. Shiyakova77 , J. Shlomi176 , M.J. Shochet35 , J. Shojaii102 ,
D.R. Shope151 , S. Shrestha124 , E.M. Shrif31f , M.J. Shroff172 , E. Shulga176 , P. Sicho137 , A.M. Sickles169 ,
E. Sideras Haddad31f , O. Sidiropoulou34 , A. Sidoti21b,21a , F. Siegert46 , Dj. Sijacki14 , M.V. Silva Oliveira34 ,
S.B. Silverstein43a , S. Simion62 , R. Simoniello34 , S. Simsek11b , P. Sinervo163 , V. Sinetckii110 , S. Singh149 ,
S. Sinha44 , S. Sinha31f , M. Sioli21b,21a , I. Siral128 , S.Yu. Sivoklokov110 , J. Sjölin43a,43b , A. Skaf51 ,
E. Skorda94 , P. Skubic125 , M. Slawinska82 , K. Sliwa166 , V. Smakhtin176 , B.H. Smart140 , J. Smiesko139 ,
S.Yu. Smirnov109 , Y. Smirnov109 , L.N. Smirnova110,s , O. Smirnova94 , E.A. Smith35 , H.A. Smith131 ,
M. Smizanska87 , K. Smolek138 , A. Smykiewicz82 , A.A. Snesarev108 , H.L. Snoek117 , S. Snyder27 ,

32
R. Sobie172,aa , A. Soffer158 , F. Sohns51 , C.A. Solans Sanchez34 , E.Yu. Soldatov109 , U. Soldevila170 ,
A.A. Solodkov120 , S. Solomon50 , A. Soloshenko77 , O.V. Solovyanov120 , V. Solovyev134 , P. Sommer146 ,
H. Son166 , A. Sonay12 , W.Y. Song164b , A. Sopczak138 , A.L. Sopio92 , F. Sopkova26b , S. Sottocornola68a,68b ,
R. Soualah64a,64c , A.M. Soukharev119b,119a , Z. Soumaimi33e , D. South44 , S. Spagnolo65a,65b , M. Spalla112 ,
M. Spangenberg174 , F. Spanò91 , D. Sperlich50 , T.M. Spieker59a , G. Spigo34 , M. Spina153 , D.P. Spiteri55 ,
M. Spousta139 , A. Stabile66a,66b , B.L. Stamas118 , R. Stamen59a , M. Stamenkovic117 , A. Stampekis19 ,
M. Standke22 , E. Stanecka82 , B. Stanislaus34 , M.M. Stanitzki44 , M. Stankaityte131 , B. Stapf44 ,
E.A. Starchenko120 , G.H. Stark142 , J. Stark99 , D.M. Starko164b , P. Staroba137 , P. Starovoitov59a , S. Stärz101 ,
R. Staszewski82 , G. Stavropoulos42 , P. Steinberg27 , A.L. Steinhebel128 , B. Stelzer149,164a , H.J. Stelzer135 ,
O. Stelzer-Chilton164a , H. Stenzel54 , T.J. Stevenson153 , G.A. Stewart34 , M.C. Stockton34 , G. Stoicea25b ,
M. Stolarski136a , S. Stonjek112 , A. Straessner46 , J. Strandberg151 , S. Strandberg43a,43b , M. Strauss125 ,
T. Strebler99 , P. Strizenec26b , R. Ströhmer173 , D.M. Strom128 , L.R. Strom44 , R. Stroynowski40 ,
A. Strubig43a,43b , S.A. Stucci27 , B. Stugu15 , J. Stupak125 , N.A. Styles44 , D. Su150 , S. Su58a , W. Su58d,145,58c ,
X. Su58a , N.B. Suarez135 , K. Sugizaki160 , V.V. Sulin108 , M.J. Sullivan88 , D.M.S. Sultan52 , S. Sultansoy3c ,
T. Sumida83 , S. Sun103 , S. Sun177 , X. Sun98 , O. Sunneborn Gudnadottir168 , C.J.E. Suster154 ,
M.R. Sutton153 , M. Svatos137 , M. Swiatlowski164a , T. Swirski173 , I. Sykora26a , M. Sykora139 , T. Sykora139 ,
D. Ta97 , K. Tackmann44,y , A. Taffard167 , R. Tafirout164a , E. Tagiev120 , R.H.M. Taibah132 , R. Takashima84 ,
K. Takeda80 , T. Takeshita147 , E.P. Takeva48 , Y. Takubo79 , M. Talby99 , A.A. Talyshev119b,119a , K.C. Tam60b ,
N.M. Tamir158 , A. Tanaka160 , J. Tanaka160 , R. Tanaka62 , Z. Tao171 , S. Tapia Araya76 , S. Tapprogge97 ,
A. Tarek Abouelfadl Mohamed104 , S. Tarem157 , K. Tariq58b , G. Tarna25b,f , G.F. Tartarelli66a , P. Tas139 ,
M. Tasevsky137 , E. Tassi39b,39a , G. Tateno160 , Y. Tayalati33e , G.N. Taylor102 , W. Taylor164b , H. Teagle88 ,
A.S. Tee87 , R. Teixeira De Lima150 , P. Teixeira-Dias91 , H. Ten Kate34 , J.J. Teoh117 , K. Terashi160 ,
J. Terron96 , S. Terzo12 , M. Testa49 , R.J. Teuscher163,aa , N. Themistokleous48 , T. Theveneaux-Pelzer17 ,
D.W. Thomas91 , J.P. Thomas19 , E.A. Thompson44 , P.D. Thompson19 , E. Thomson133 , E.J. Thorpe90 ,
Y. Tian51 , V.O. Tikhomirov108 , Yu.A. Tikhonov119b,119a , S. Timoshenko109 , P. Tipton179 , S. Tisserant99 ,
S.H. Tlou31f , A. Tnourji36 , K. Todome21b,21a , S. Todorova-Nova139 , S. Todt46 , M. Togawa79 , J. Tojo85 ,
S. Tokár26a , K. Tokushuku79 , E. Tolley124 , R. Tombs30 , M. Tomoto79,114 , L. Tompkins150 , P. Tornambe100 ,
E. Torrence128 , H. Torres46 , E. Torró Pastor170 , M. Toscani28 , C. Tosciri35 , J. Toth99,z , D.R. Tovey146 ,
A. Traeet15 , C.J. Treado122 , T. Trefzger173 , A. Tricoli27 , I.M. Trigger164a , S. Trincaz-Duvoid132 ,
D.A. Trischuk171 , W. Trischuk163 , B. Trocmé56 , A. Trofymov62 , C. Troncon66a , F. Trovato153 , L. Truong31c ,
M. Trzebinski82 , A. Trzupek82 , F. Tsai152 , A. Tsiamis159 , P.V. Tsiareshka105,ae , A. Tsirigotis159,w ,
V. Tsiskaridze152 , E.G. Tskhadadze156a , M. Tsopoulou159 , I.I. Tsukerman121 , V. Tsulaia16 , S. Tsuno79 ,
O. Tsur157 , D. Tsybychev152 , Y. Tu60b , A. Tudorache25b , V. Tudorache25b , A.N. Tuna34 , S. Turchikhin77 ,
D. Turgeman176 , I. Turk Cakir3b,u , R.J. Turner19 , R. Turra66a , P.M. Tuts37 , S. Tzamarias159 , P. Tzanis9 ,
E. Tzovara97 , K. Uchida160 , F. Ukegawa165 , G. Unal34 , M. Unal10 , A. Undrus27 , G. Unel167 ,
F.C. Ungaro102 , K. Uno160 , J. Urban26b , P. Urquijo102 , G. Usai7 , R. Ushioda161 , Z. Uysal11d , V. Vacek138 ,
B. Vachon101 , K.O.H. Vadla130 , T. Vafeiadis34 , C. Valderanis111 , E. Valdes Santurio43a,43b , M. Valente164a ,
S. Valentinetti21b,21a , A. Valero170 , L. Valéry44 , R.A. Vallance19 , A. Vallier99 , J.A. Valls Ferrer170 ,
T.R. Van Daalen12 , P. Van Gemmeren5 , S. Van Stroud92 , I. Van Vulpen117 , M. Vanadia71a,71b ,
W. Vandelli34 , M. Vandenbroucke141 , E.R. Vandewall126 , D. Vannicola70a,70b , L. Vannoli53b,53a , R. Vari70a ,
E.W. Varnes6 , C. Varni53b,53a , T. Varol155 , D. Varouchas62 , K.E. Varvell154 , M.E. Vasile25b , L. Vaslin36 ,
G.A. Vasquez172 , F. Vazeille36 , D. Vazquez Furelos12 , T. Vazquez Schroeder34 , J. Veatch51 , V. Vecchio98 ,
M.J. Veen117 , I. Veliscek131 , L.M. Veloce163 , F. Veloso136a,136c , S. Veneziano70a , A. Ventura65a,65b ,
A. Verbytskyi112 , M. Verducci69a,69b , C. Vergis22 , M. Verissimo De Araujo78b , W. Verkerke117 ,
A.T. Vermeulen117 , J.C. Vermeulen117 , C. Vernieri150 , P.J. Verschuuren91 , M.L. Vesterbacka122 ,
M.C. Vetterli149,ai , N. Viaux Maira143d , T. Vickey146 , O.E. Vickey Boeriu146 , G.H.A. Viehhauser131 ,
L. Vigani59b , M. Villa21b,21a , M. Villaplana Perez170 , E.M. Villhauer48 , E. Vilucchi49 , M.G. Vincter32 ,

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G.S. Virdee19 , A. Vishwakarma48 , C. Vittori21b,21a , I. Vivarelli153 , V. Vladimirov174 , E. Voevodina112 ,
M. Vogel178 , P. Vokac138 , J. Von Ahnen44 , S.E. von Buddenbrock31f , E. Von Toerne22 , V. Vorobel139 ,
K. Vorobev109 , M. Vos170 , J.H. Vossebeld88 , M. Vozak98 , N. Vranjes14 , M. Vranjes Milosavljevic14 ,
V. Vrba138,* , M. Vreeswijk117 , N.K. Vu99 , R. Vuillermet34 , I. Vukotic35 , S. Wada165 , C. Wagner100 ,
P. Wagner22 , W. Wagner178 , S. Wahdan178 , H. Wahlberg86 , R. Wakasa165 , M. Wakida114 ,
V.M. Walbrecht112 , J. Walder140 , R. Walker111 , S.D. Walker91 , W. Walkowiak148 , A.M. Wang57 ,
A.Z. Wang177 , C. Wang58a , C. Wang58c , H. Wang16 , J. Wang60a , P. Wang40 , R.-J. Wang97 , R. Wang57 ,
R. Wang118 , S.M. Wang155 , S. Wang58b , T. Wang58a , W.T. Wang58a , W.X. Wang58a , X. Wang169 ,
Y. Wang58a , Z. Wang103 , C. Wanotayaroj34 , A. Warburton101 , C.P. Ward30 , R.J. Ward19 , N. Warrack55 ,
A.T. Watson19 , M.F. Watson19 , G. Watts145 , B.M. Waugh92 , A.F. Webb10 , C. Weber27 , M.S. Weber18 ,
S.A. Weber32 , S.M. Weber59a , C. Wei58a , Y. Wei131 , A.R. Weidberg131 , J. Weingarten45 , M. Weirich97 ,
C. Weiser50 , P.S. Wells34 , T. Wenaus27 , B. Wendland45 , T. Wengler34 , S. Wenig34 , N. Wermes22 ,
M. Wessels59a , K. Whalen128 , A.M. Wharton87 , A.S. White57 , A. White7 , M.J. White1 , D. Whiteson167 ,
W. Wiedenmann177 , C. Wiel46 , M. Wielers140 , N. Wieseotte97 , C. Wiglesworth38 , L.A.M. Wiik-Fuchs50 ,
D.J. Wilbern125 , H.G. Wilkens34 , L.J. Wilkins91 , D.M. Williams37 , H.H. Williams133 , S. Williams30 ,
S. Willocq100 , P.J. Windischhofer131 , I. Wingerter-Seez4 , F. Winklmeier128 , B.T. Winter50 , M. Wittgen150 ,
M. Wobisch93 , A. Wolf97 , R. Wölker131 , J. Wollrath167 , M.W. Wolter82 , H. Wolters136a,136c ,
V.W.S. Wong171 , A.F. Wongel44 , S.D. Worm44 , B.K. Wosiek82 , K.W. Woźniak82 , K. Wraight55 ,
J. Wu13a,13d , S.L. Wu177 , X. Wu52 , Y. Wu58a , Z. Wu141,58a , J. Wuerzinger131 , T.R. Wyatt98 , B.M. Wynne48 ,
S. Xella38 , J. Xiang60c , X. Xiao103 , X. Xie58a , I. Xiotidis153 , D. Xu13a , H. Xu58a , H. Xu58a , L. Xu58a ,
R. Xu133 , W. Xu103 , Y. Xu13b , Z. Xu58b , Z. Xu150 , B. Yabsley154 , S. Yacoob31a , N. Yamaguchi85 ,
Y. Yamaguchi161 , M. Yamatani160 , H. Yamauchi165 , T. Yamazaki16 , Y. Yamazaki80 , J. Yan58c , Z. Yan23 ,
H.J. Yang58c,58d , H.T. Yang16 , S. Yang58a , T. Yang60c , X. Yang58a , X. Yang13a , Y. Yang160 , Z. Yang103,58a ,
W-M. Yao16 , Y.C. Yap44 , H. Ye13c , J. Ye40 , S. Ye27 , I. Yeletskikh77 , M.R. Yexley87 , P. Yin37 , K. Yorita175 ,
K. Yoshihara76 , C.J.S. Young34 , C. Young150 , R. Yuan58b,j , X. Yue59a , M. Zaazoua33e , B. Zabinski82 ,
G. Zacharis9 , E. Zaffaroni52 , J. Zahreddine99 , A.M. Zaitsev120,af , T. Zakareishvili156b , N. Zakharchuk32 ,
S. Zambito34 , D. Zanzi50 , S.V. Zeißner45 , C. Zeitnitz178 , G. Zemaityte131 , J.C. Zeng169 , O. Zenin120 ,
T. Ženiš26a , S. Zenz90 , S. Zerradi33a , D. Zerwas62 , M. Zgubič131 , B. Zhang13c , D.F. Zhang13b , G. Zhang13b ,
J. Zhang5 , K. Zhang13a , L. Zhang13c , M. Zhang169 , R. Zhang177 , S. Zhang103 , X. Zhang58c , X. Zhang58b ,
Z. Zhang62 , P. Zhao47 , Y. Zhao142 , Z. Zhao58a , A. Zhemchugov77 , Z. Zheng103 , D. Zhong169 , B. Zhou103 ,
C. Zhou177 , H. Zhou6 , N. Zhou58c , Y. Zhou6 , C.G. Zhu58b , C. Zhu13a,13d , H.L. Zhu58a , H. Zhu13a ,
J. Zhu103 , Y. Zhu58a , X. Zhuang13a , K. Zhukov108 , V. Zhulanov119b,119a , D. Zieminska63 , N.I. Zimine77 ,
S. Zimmermann50,* , M. Ziolkowski148 , L. Živković14 , A. Zoccoli21b,21a , K. Zoch52 , T.G. Zorbas146 ,
O. Zormpa42 , W. Zou37 , L. Zwalinski34 .
1 Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide; Australia.
2 Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB; Canada.
3 (𝑎) Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara; (𝑏) Istanbul Aydin University, Application and

Research Center for Advanced Studies, Istanbul; (𝑐) Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics
and Technology, Ankara; Turkey.
4 LAPP, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy ; France.
5 High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL; United States of America.
6 Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ; United States of America.
7 Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX; United States of America.
8 Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens; Greece.
9 Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou; Greece.
10 Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX; United States of America.

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11 (𝑎) Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul; (𝑏) Istanbul Bilgi
University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul; (𝑐) Department of Physics, Bogazici
University, Istanbul; (𝑑) Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep; Turkey.
12 Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona;

Spain.
13 (𝑎) Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; (𝑏) Physics Department,

Tsinghua University, Beijing; (𝑐) Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing; (𝑑) University of
Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing; China.
14 Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade; Serbia.
15 Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen; Norway.
16 Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley CA;

United States of America.

17 Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin; Germany.
18 Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of

Bern, Bern; Switzerland.

19 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; United Kingdom.
20 (𝑎) Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciónes, Universidad Antonio Nariño,

Bogotá; (𝑏) Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Colombia.
21 (𝑎) INFN Bologna and Universita’ di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica; (𝑏) INFN Sezione di Bologna; Italy.
22 Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn; Germany.
23 Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston MA; United States of America.
24 Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham MA; United States of America.
25 (𝑎) Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov; (𝑏) Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear

Engineering, Bucharest; (𝑐) Department of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi,
Iasi; (𝑑) National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics
Department, Cluj-Napoca; (𝑒) University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest; ( 𝑓 ) West University in Timisoara,
Timisoara; Romania.
26 (𝑎) Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava; (𝑏) Department of

Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice; Slovak
Republic.
27 Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY; United States of America.
28 Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Argentina.
29 California State University, CA; United States of America.
30 Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; United Kingdom.
31 (𝑎) Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town; (𝑏) iThemba Labs, Western

Cape; (𝑐) Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg,

Johannesburg; (𝑑) National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman; (𝑒) University of
South Africa, Department of Physics, Pretoria; ( 𝑓 ) School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg; South Africa.
32 Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa ON; Canada.
33 (𝑎) Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies - Université

Hassan II, Casablanca; (𝑏) Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn-Tofail, Kénitra; (𝑐) Faculté des Sciences
Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech; (𝑑) LPMR, Faculté des Sciences, Université
Mohamed Premier, Oujda; (𝑒) Faculté des sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat; Morocco.
34 CERN, Geneva; Switzerland.
35 Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago IL; United States of America.
36 LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand; France.

35
37 Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington NY; United States of America.
38 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Denmark.
39 (𝑎) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende; (𝑏) INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza,

Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati; Italy.

40 Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX; United States of America.
41 Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX; United States of America.
42 National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi; Greece.
43 (𝑎) Department of Physics, Stockholm University; (𝑏) Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm; Sweden.
44 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen; Germany.
45 Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund; Germany.
46 Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden; Germany.
47 Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC; United States of America.
48 SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; United Kingdom.
49 INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati; Italy.
50 Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg; Germany.
51 II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen; Germany.
52 Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève; Switzerland.
53 (𝑎) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova; (𝑏) INFN Sezione di Genova; Italy.
54 II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen; Germany.
55 SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; United Kingdom.
56 LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble; France.
57 Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA; United States of

America.
58 (𝑎) Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei; (𝑏) Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science
and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University,
Qingdao; (𝑐) School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle
Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE), SKLPPC, Shanghai; (𝑑) Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai; China.
59 (𝑎) Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; (𝑏) Physikalisches

Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Germany.

60 (𝑎) Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; (𝑏) Department

of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (𝑐) Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced
Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; China.
61 Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu; Taiwan.
62 IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405, Orsay; France.
63 Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington IN; United States of America.
64 (𝑎) INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine; (𝑏) ICTP, Trieste; (𝑐) Dipartimento

Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Udine; Italy.

65 (𝑎) INFN Sezione di Lecce; (𝑏) Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce; Italy.
66 (𝑎) INFN Sezione di Milano; (𝑏) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano; Italy.
67 (𝑎) INFN Sezione di Napoli; (𝑏) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Napoli; Italy.
68 (𝑎) INFN Sezione di Pavia; (𝑏) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia; Italy.
69 (𝑎) INFN Sezione di Pisa; (𝑏) Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa; Italy.
70 (𝑎) INFN Sezione di Roma; (𝑏) Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma; Italy.
71 (𝑎) INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata; (𝑏) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata,

Roma; Italy.
72 (𝑎) INFN Sezione di Roma Tre; (𝑏) Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma;

36
Italy.
73 (𝑎) INFN-TIFPA; (𝑏) Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento; Italy.
74 Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck; Austria.
75 University of Iowa, Iowa City IA; United States of America.
76 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames IA; United States of America.
77 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; Russia.
78 (𝑎) Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de

Fora; (𝑏) Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro; (𝑐) Instituto de Física,
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo; Brazil.
79 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba; Japan.
80 Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe; Japan.
81 (𝑎) AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science,

Krakow; (𝑏) Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Poland.
82 Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow; Poland.
83 Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto; Japan.
84 Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto; Japan.
85 Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka ;

Japan.
86 Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata; Argentina.
87 Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster; United Kingdom.
88 Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; United Kingdom.
89 Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics,

University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana; Slovenia.

90 School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London; United Kingdom.
91 Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham; United Kingdom.
92 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London; United Kingdom.
93 Louisiana Tech University, Ruston LA; United States of America.
94 Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund; Sweden.
95 Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3),

Villeurbanne; France.
96 Departamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid; Spain.
97 Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz; Germany.
98 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester; United Kingdom.
99 CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille; France.
100 Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA; United States of America.
101 Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal QC; Canada.
102 School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Australia.
103 Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI; United States of America.
104 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI; United States of

America.
105 B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk; Belarus.
106 Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Byelorussian State University, Minsk; Belarus.
107 Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal QC; Canada.
108 P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow; Russia.
109 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow; Russia.
110 D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow;

Russia.

37
111 Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München; Germany.
112 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München; Germany.
113 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki; Japan.
114 Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya; Japan.
115 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM; United States of

America.
116 Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University/Nikhef, Nijmegen;

Netherlands.
117 Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam;

Netherlands.
118 Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL; United States of America.
119 (𝑎) Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and NSU, SB RAS, Novosibirsk; (𝑏) Novosibirsk State University

Novosibirsk; Russia.
120 Institute for High Energy Physics of the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Protvino; Russia.
121 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research

Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow; Russia.

122 Department of Physics, New York University, New York NY; United States of America.
123 Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo; Japan.
124 Ohio State University, Columbus OH; United States of America.
125 Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK; United

States of America.
126 Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater OK; United States of America.
127 Palacký University, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Olomouc; Czech Republic.
128 Institute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR; United States of America.
129 Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka; Japan.
130 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo; Norway.
131 Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford; United Kingdom.
132 LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris; France.
133 Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA; United States of America.
134 Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.

Petersburg; Russia.
135 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA; United States of

America.
136 (𝑎) Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP, Lisboa; (𝑏) Departamento de

Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; (𝑐) Departamento de Física, Universidade
de Coimbra, Coimbra; (𝑑) Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; (𝑒) Departamento de
Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga; ( 𝑓 ) Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de
Granada, Granada (Spain); (𝑔) Dep Física and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica; (ℎ) Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa;
Portugal.
137 Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague; Czech Republic.
138 Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague; Czech Republic.
139 Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague; Czech Republic.
140 Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot; United Kingdom.
141 IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette; France.
142 Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA; United

States of America.

38
143 (𝑎) Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago; (𝑏) Universidad Andres
Bello, Department of Physics, Santiago; (𝑐) Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá,
Arica; (𝑑) Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso; Chile.
144 Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), São João del Rei; Brazil.
145 Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle WA; United States of America.
146 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; United Kingdom.
147 Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano; Japan.
148 Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen; Germany.
149 Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC; Canada.
150 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford CA; United States of America.
151 Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm; Sweden.
152 Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY; United States of

America.
153 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton; United Kingdom.
154 School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney; Australia.
155 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei; Taiwan.
156 (𝑎) E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi; (𝑏) High

Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi; Georgia.

157 Department of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Israel.
158 Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Israel.
159 Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki; Greece.
160 International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo,

Tokyo; Japan.
161 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo; Japan.
162 Tomsk State University, Tomsk; Russia.
163 Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON; Canada.
164 (𝑎) TRIUMF, Vancouver BC; (𝑏) Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto ON;

Canada.
165 Division of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and Applied

Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba; Japan.

166 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford MA; United States of America.
167 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA; United States of

America.
168 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala; Sweden.
169 Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana IL; United States of America.
170 Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia; Spain.
171 Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC; Canada.
172 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria BC; Canada.
173 Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg; Germany.
174 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry; United Kingdom.
175 Waseda University, Tokyo; Japan.
176 Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; Israel.
177 Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI; United States of America.
178 Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität

Wuppertal, Wuppertal; Germany.

179 Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven CT; United States of America.
𝑎 Also at Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York NY; United

39
States of America.
𝑏 Also at Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento; Italy.
𝑐 Also at Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University; China.
𝑑 Also at Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi; Italy.
𝑒 Also at CERN, Geneva; Switzerland.
𝑓 Also at CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille; France.
𝑔 Also at Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève;

Switzerland.
ℎ Also at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona; Spain.
𝑖 Also at Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios; Greece.
𝑗 Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI; United

States of America.
𝑘 Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; United States of

America.
𝑙 Also at Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Israel.
𝑚 Also at Department of Physics, California State University, East Bay; United States of America.
𝑛 Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno; United States of America.
𝑜 Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Sacramento; United States of America.
𝑝 Also at Department of Physics, King’s College London, London; United Kingdom.
𝑞 Also at Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg; Russia.
𝑟 Also at Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Switzerland.
𝑠 Also at Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow; Russia.
𝑡 Also at Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, ’St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia; Bulgaria.
𝑢 Also at Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun; Turkey.
𝑣 Also at Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka; Japan.
𝑤 Also at Hellenic Open University, Patras; Greece.
𝑥 Also at Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona; Spain.
𝑦 Also at Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; Germany.
𝑧 Also at Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest;

Hungary.
𝑎𝑎 Also at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP); Canada.
𝑎𝑏 Also at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku; Azerbaijan.
𝑎𝑐 Also at Instituto de Fisica Teorica, IFT-UAM/CSIC, Madrid; Spain.
𝑎𝑑 Also at Istanbul University, Dept. of Physics, Istanbul; Turkey.
𝑎𝑒 Also at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; Russia.
𝑎 𝑓 Also at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny; Russia.
𝑎𝑔 Also at Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg; Germany.
𝑎ℎ Also at The City College of New York, New York NY; United States of America.
𝑎𝑖 Also at TRIUMF, Vancouver BC; Canada.
𝑎 𝑗 Also at Universita di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli; Italy.
𝑎𝑘 Also at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing; China.
𝑎𝑙 Also at Yeditepe University, Physics Department, Istanbul; Turkey.
∗ Deceased

40