UNITED NATIONS E/CONF.97/6/IP.

17

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

Seventeenth United Nations Regional Cartographic

Conference for Asia and the Pacific
Bangkok, 18-22 September 2006
Item 7 of the provisional agenda*

INVITED PAPERS

THE ROLE OF GIS SERVICES, DATA AND PORTALS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT –

PLANNING, RESPONSE AND RECOVERY

Submitted by Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) **

* E/CONF.97/1
** Prepared by Mr. Bill Shepherd, ESRI, Asia Pacific.
The Role of GIS Services, Data and
Portals in Disaster Management –
Planning, Response and Recovery

Bill Shepherd
ESRI, Asia Pacific
Disaster Management - Why GIS?
 Managing Disasters - Why GIS?
Bringing Together Our Complex Data & Knowledge

GIS
Database

And Making It Accessible

 Managing Disasters - Why GIS?
Better Decisions and Informed Action!

Decisions
Planning Providing Many Benefits
Action • Understanding
Model
• Efficiency
Analyze • Cost Savings
• Improved Analysis
Measure
• Effective Planning
• Better Decision Making
• Better
– Communication
– Collaboration
– Coordination

Historically Largely Applied

Individual Systems
GeoWeb – The Geographically-Enabled Web
Many Services and Many of Communities

Distributed The Future

Collaboration
GeoWeb

Mapping & Today

Visualization
• Many Authors &
Publishers
• Interconnected
• Interoperable
• Integrative
• Dynamic

. . . Creating New Opportunities for Collaboration

 The GeoWeb - Collaboration
Systems & Communities Leveraging One Another’s Services

Breaking Down the Earth Into

Domains, Components and
GeoWeb
Geographic Areas . . .

Requires
• Geographic Framework
. . . Distributing Management • Collaboration
• Sharing Content
• Interoperability
• Enabling Technology

. . . Dynamically Integrating Our Common Geospatial Knowledge

A New Framework for “Seeing & Doing”
Building Understanding – Empowering Action

Providing More
Creating a Sense of
• Science
Engagement
• Accuracy/Detail
• Realism
• Logic & Analysis
• Immediacy

The Common Operational Picture

… Changing How We Communicate
Server-Based GIS Systems – Powering the GeoWeb
Managing & Disseminating Geographic Knowledge

Desktop Explorer Web Map Mobile Open Enterprise

Viewer APIs Service Bus
Use

Serve
GIS Server

Author

Making GIS Knowledge Available To Anyone . . .

. . . Integrates With Other Systems Via Standards
 The Geographic Information System
For Authoring, Serving and Using GIS Knowledge

Desktop Explorer Web Map Mobile Open Enterprise 3 Tiers

GIS Knowledge Viewer APIs Service Bus

• Metadata Use
• Maps
• Globes
• Data
Analysis &
• Models Metadata Globe Map
Modeling
Image Open OGC
Services Services Services
Services
Services Services Serve
• Data Models
• GeoServices

Author

. . . And Integrates With Other Geospatial Technology and Standard IT Infrastructure

 Standards Based Interoperability
Supporting Multiple Approaches
Content Standards
• Data Models
Technology Standards • Metadata (19139)
• Web Services
• OGC/ISO
• DXF, KML . . .

ArcGIS Desktop
Geometry Point
Simple feature class Contains M values No
Haul Contains Z values No
Allow Prec-
Field name Data type nulls Default value Domain ision Scale Length
OBJECTID Object ID
SHAPE Geometry Yes
HAULJOIN Long integer No 0
VESSELCODE Long integer No 0
CRUISE Long integer No 0
HAUL Long integer No 0
STATION_ID String No 7
SSTEMP Float No 0 0
BOTTOMTEMP Float No 0 0
EFFORT Float No 0 0
DataSourceID String Yes 50

WMS WFS WCS Transformation Procedures Relationship class

HaulHasFishCatch
Type Simple
Cardinality One to many
Notification None
Origin feature class

Name Haul
Primary key HAULJOIN
Foreign key HAULJOIN
Forward label FishCatch
Backward label Haul

Destination table

NameFishCatch

No relationship rules defined.

Table
FishCatch

Field name
OBJECTID
HAULJOIN
SPECIESCODE
LATINNAME
COMMONNAME
WEIGHTCPUE
Long integer
String
String
Double
Allow
Data type nulls
Object ID
Long integer No
No
No
No
No
Default value Domain
Prec-
ision Scale Length

0
0

0 0
28
21

NUMBERCPUE Double No 0 0

WFS-
WFS-T • ETL: Extract – Transform - Load Relationship class
DataSourceHasHaul
Type Simple
Cardinality One to many
Notification None
Origin table
Name DataSource
Primary key DataSourceID
Foreign key DataSourceID
Forward label Haul
Backward label DataSource

Destination feature class

NameHaul

No relationship rules defined.

Table
DataSource

Field name
OBJECTID
DESC_
SOURCE
CONTACT
PREC
CREATE_DATE
String
String
String
String
Allow
Data type nulls
Object ID

Long integer
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Default value Domain
Prec-
ision Scale Length

0
35
35
20
20

GML
LAST_UPDATED Long integer Yes 0
DataSourceID String Yes 50

• Formats
WMS WFS WCS Catalog • Schema
• Semantic
ArcIMS / ArcGIS Server

. . . Enabling Collaboration
 Applying This to Disaster Management
The Context
• Recent World events, natural or human caused,
continue to challenge and tax our collective ability to
respond.
• In every instance we have witnessed an outpouring
of care and a commitment to improve.
• In every case there has been a need for collaborative
approaches and integrated systems.
• Each in their own way is dependent on critical
information, critical resources and infrastructure.
 Common Objectives

• Protection of life and property.

• Provide critical and timely information.
• Provide the appropriate and timely response.
• Provide for basic life support needs.
• Provide for expedited recovery.
• Seek improvements and expand capacity.
 Common Challenges

• Planning and Mitigation to All Phases of the

Disaster:
- Planning and Mitigation
- Readiness
- Response
- Recovery
 Common Need

• Timely acquisition of information

• Shared and combined information
• Compartmentalize information
• Multiple information sources and arrays
• Secure and dependable dissemination of
information
• Appropriate use of information technology
 Desired Outcome

• Common Information Framework

• Base Information
• Real Time Information
• Simulation Capacity
• Uniform Data Standards
 Planning and Analysis
Disaster and Emergency Planning
Event modeling to understand
potential incident effects

• Locate values at-risk areas

for prevention/mitigation
needs
• Identify natural and
Technological hazards
• Understand the geographic
distribution of incidents
• Plan Mitigation efforts

Planning is a process, not an event!

 Desktop GIS
Authoring and Using Geographic Knowledge
Disaster Preparedness – Planning
Specialized Tools and Applications

Incident Command System Tools _USFS

HAZUS - FEMA
 Structural Fire Planning
FireView – GIS Desktop Application
Wildfire - Mitigation Planning Tools
Wildfire - Server-Based Planning Applications
Browser-Based Interfaces
Wildfire – Response and Recovery
 GIS for Disaster Management –
Planning, Response & Recovery

• Planning is a very important component of

Disaster Preparedness
• The Cost and Effectiveness of the Disaster
Response and Recovery are Tied to the
Extent and Appropriateness of the
Planning!
 GIS for Disaster Management –
Planning, Response & Recovery
• Floods
• Earthquakes
• Tsunamis
• Hurricanes
• Hail Storms
• Wind Storms
• Special Events
 GIS Was Used Extensively
in Response to Hurricane Katrina
Hundreds Of Separate Mission Focused Efforts

Great Demand for Maps and Geospatial Analysis

 Many Examples Of Powerful GIS Applications
Demographic Flood Status
Forecasting and
Analysis Visualization
Tracking

Utility Planning
& Response

Command and Evacuation And

Control Damage Assessment Rescue
 There Was Very Little Preparedness of
Geospatial Infrastructure
. . . Required A Lot of Heroic Efforts

• Metadata on Web
• Data Discover Acquisition
• Processing
• Data Modeling
• Application Development
• System Acquisition/Installation
• Training

. . . Done Repetitively, Inconsistently, and with Considerable Cost

 They Envisioned and Began to Create a
“GIS for the Gulf”

• Extended Database
• Integrated Data Model
• Distributed via Web and Media
• Consistent/Responsible Application

. . . Datasets Assembled and Distributed in 14 Days

. . . A Model for GIS for the Nation
 Responding To The Crisis –
A Multi Agency Effort Created An Integrated
Database for the Gulf
Priority Areas Of New Orleans

Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi and Texas

• Integration Of Existing Data

• Standard Data Model
• Consistent Applications
• Dissemination Via Web and Media
Houston
 An ETL Interoperability Process Was Used
Integrating And Disseminating Existing
Local, State And Federal Data
National
Data Model
• Emergency Operations
• Structures/Critical Infrastructure
• Governmental Units
• Utilities
• Addresses
• Transportation
Data • Ownership Parcels
Model • Hydrography Data &
• Environmental Services
• Land Use/Land Cover
• Base Map
• Geodetic Control
• Elevation
• Imagery
• Geodetic Control

Data Bricks

Data Sets Spatial ETL Database

• Local Gov And Server
• State Gov • Transformation
• Federal Gov • Conversion
• Commercial
DVD Data Sets
• Integration

…Creating A Successful Multi Agency System

GIS for the Nation (State and City)
Emerging Geospatial Community Vision
Local Data Sets

Local Map
Transactions Products&
Services
Common National
Specifications

National Data Sets

• Transformation
• Conversion
• Integration Distribution

Emergency
operations
GOS

High-Quality Data Compiled from Local Sources

 This Event Is Full Of Lessons For The
Geospatial Community
• Planning
• Data
• Organization
• Methodology
• Collaboration
• Infrastructure

• Significant work was done . . . but not efficient

• Success required heroic efforts
• Many data collection efforts were repetitive,
inconsistent , & costly – consuming time and
resources
• No integrated Situational Awareness existed
• A multi-purpose database was needed
• Data sharing needs to be part of future emergency
response plans
 The Important Role of GIS Portals
Search for and Access GIS
Data Models
Datasets Data and Web Services
Map Services
GIS Portal

Activities Metadata
Catalog

Communities GIS Services

Shared Catalog that References
• Datasets
• Maps
• Map Services
• Models
• GeoServices
• Data Models
• Communities
• GIS Activities
Key Role of GeoSpatial Portal
GeoSpatial One-Stop (Phase 2)

Fusion of Data
Special & Services
Channel

Communities
Marketplace
GeoSpatial One-Stop – Tsunami Response
Pacific Disaster Center Portal
Tsunami Response Support
 GIS for Nation
The Role of the Lead Agency
• Setting the Data Standards
• Digital Data Compilation
– “Intermediate” Data Products
– Ortho-imagery
– DEM’s
– Map Series as Imagery (e.g., Historical)
• Map Production
• GIS Web Services
• Hosting the GIS Catalog Portal
• Leading role in a federated “GIS for each Nation”
New Developments – New Opportunities
The Geographic Information System
For Authoring, Serving and Using GIS Knowledge

Desktop Explorer Web Map Mobile Open Enterprise 3 Tiers

Viewer APIs Service Bus

Use

Analysis &
Metadata Globe Map Image Open OGC
Modeling
Services Services Services
Services
Services Services Serve

Author
 ArcGIS Explorer – An Introduction
• A No-Cost, General Purpose
GIS Viewer and Application
– ArcGIS Server
• 2D Maps, 3D Globes, Tasks
– ArcIMS
– ArcWeb Services
– WMS
– Other Web Services
• And More
– Swipe and Transparency Tools,
Identify, etc…
– Task-Based GIS Analysis
ArcGIS Cartography 3D Visualization

Local Data Swipe / Transparency

 Business Analysis HCA Analysis

Service Area Analysis Electric Utility Trace

 Easy Access to Content
ArcGIS Explorer Resource Center

• Direct connect
from Explorer
• Base Maps
• Featured Maps
• User Community
 ArcGIS Explorer - Tasks
ArcGIS Server-based Functions
• Default Tasks
• Custom Tasks
– Authored using ArcGIS Desktop &
Published using ArcGIS Server
• No programming necessary
• SDK for extending tasks, or building
new tasks
 A Customizable Application
ArcGIS Explorer - SDK

• Visual Studio 2005 (.NET)

Simple, Yet Everything You Need

 In Summary
• GIS is an Important Platform for Disaster
Management – Planning, Response and Recovery
• Many Lessons To Be Learned from Past Events –
What Worked and What Didn’t
• New Technology Creates New Opportunities - For
– Collaboration
– Coordination
– Enhanced Effectiveness
• Technology is Important, But Institutional and
Organizational Issues are More Important