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    Topic: Static & Dynamic Principles: Assignment

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    Topic: Static & Dynamic Principles: Assignment

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    1. The document contains the name Meliza and her student number for an assignment on static and dynamic principles. 2. It provides the topic of the assignment which is static and dynamic principles. 3. The document also lists the name of another student, Siti Belinda Amri, who may be assisting with or involved in the assignment.

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    1. The document contains the name Meliza and her student number for an assignment on static and dynamic principles. 2. It provides the topic of the assignment which is static and dynamic principles. 3. The document also lists the name of another student, Siti Belinda Amri, who may be assisting with or involved in the assignment.

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    67 views5 pages

    Topic: Static & Dynamic Principles: Assignment

    Uploaded by

    melizaanwr
    1. The document contains the name Meliza and her student number for an assignment on static and dynamic principles. 2. It provides the topic of the assignment which is static and dynamic principles. 3. The document also lists the name of another student, Siti Belinda Amri, who may be assisting with or involved in the assignment.

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    of 5

    NAMA : MELIZA

    ASSIGNMENT NIM : E1B120045

    TOPIC: STATIC &


    DYNAMIC
    PRINCIPLES

    SITI BELINDA AMRI


    Assignment 30

    30.1 Replace the underlined words and expressions with alternative words and expressions from
    A opposite and Appendix V on page 106.

    If you look at the objects around you, it's difficult to find something that couldn't be smashed
    with a hammer. But if you laid a hammer down carefully on any of those objects, the (1) load
    force which it (2) exerted on them wouldn't be sufficient to cause even the slightest damage. This
    comparison illustrates the difference between:
    • a (3) dynamic load, which combines mass and movement to apply (4) an impluse
    • a (5) static load, which consists only of an object's (6) self-weight own-mass.
    Between the two situations, the (7) magnitude of the load (8) implused on the surface is
    dramatically different.
    The above comparison illustrates another difference in the way surfaces are (9) loaded.
    When a hammer is laid horizontally on a surface, its weight is spread over a relatively
    large area. It therefore applies a (10) uniformly distributed load. By contrast, when a hammer
    hits something, only the edge of the hammer head comes into contact with the surface. The
    force is therefore (11)concentrated in a small area, applying a (12) point load.

    30.2 Complete the technical checklist (1—7) based on the questions (a—g), using words from A and
    B opposite and Appendix V on page 106. The first one has been done for you.

    a. Which components need to carry load? Load-bearing


    b. What types of load will be carried by each part? Which loads will remain constant, and
    which will differ depending on use and circumstances? Act, dead, live
    c. What amount of load will be exerted, in newtons? Magnitude, scalar
    d. In what directions will the loads act? vector
    e. For the materials used, how concentrated can maximum loads be without putting the
    component under too much pressure? Stress, overstressed
    f. How much deformation can be expected? strain
    g. If something breaks, will the assembly collapse dangerously, or in a controlled, relatively
    safe way? Fails, failure

    1. Determine which components are load bearing


    2. Analyze the types of load that will act on each part. Assess dead loads and live loads.
    3. Calculate the magnitude of loads as scalar quantities.
    4. Evaluate loads as vector quantities.
    5. Determine the maximum level of stress that can be carried by materials without causing
    them to be overstressed
    6. Calculate percentages of strain
    7. Assess the consequences if a component fails determining the potential dangers of the
    failure

    2
    Assignment 31

    31.1Complete the word puzzle and find the word going down the page. Look at A and
    B opposite to help you.
    1. bend downward
    2. a twisting force
    3. take a force without breaking
    4. increase in length, due to tension
    5. long and thin, likely to buckle rather than crush
    6. a scissoring force

    s a g

    t o r s i o n

    r e s i s t

    e x t e n d

    s l e n d e r

    s h e a r

    31.2 The question below, which was posted on a forum on a construction website,
    contains a mistake about a technical fact. Can you find the mistake? Look at A
    opposite to help you.
    Mistake : ‘.. the top of the beam is free from stress’. The top of the beam is in
    compression. The part of the beam which is free from stress is the neutral axis along the
    centreline of the beam.

    31.3 Now complete a structural engineer's answer the question in 31.2 using the words in the
    box. Look at A and B opposite and 31.2 above to help you

    Replies to post
    1: Let me start by clarifying something. When a beam is subjected to (1) bending stress, the b o t
    t o m partis generally in tension, as you rightly say. But the top part is not ‘free from stress', as you
    suggest. It's in (2)Compression Only the horizontal centreline of the beam - a zone called the (3)
    neutral axis - is n o t stressed. It's also important to be clear about the strengths of concrete and
    steel. You're right that concrete is poor at resisting (4) tensile stress as it's prone to failure by (5)
    Fracturing suddenly. it's also true that concrete is good at resisting (6) Compressive stress. But
    steel is much stronger than concrete, not just in (7)tension as you point out, but also when it's
    compressed. So steel is often put in the tops of beams in cases where the beam is subjected to
    high levels of compression, meaning that the concrete requires reinforcing to prevent it from
    (8)crushing and failing.
    Another possible reason for a beam having steel in the top is to take tension. Why would you
    get tension in the top of a beam? It's true that most beams want to (9)deflect downwards

    3
    because gravity causes them to (10)sag putting only the bottom of the beam in tension. But in
    some structures, there are beams or parts of beams that want to (11) hog -being forced into
    upward (12) deflection

    Assignment 34

    34.1 Match the descriptions (1—6) to the terms (a—f). Look at A and B opposite to help you.
    1. the speed of movement of a part which turns around a point
    b. angular velocity
    2. pressure, exerted in an outward direction, due to rotary motion
    f. centrifugal force
    3. the rate of increase of speed of a part which turns around a point
    c. angular acceleration
    4. the point about which a part turns
    d. axis of rotation
    5. a turning movement
    a. angular motion
    6. movement backwards and forwards
    e. reciprocating motion

    34.2 Complete the sentences using suitable forms of the words revolve or rotate. Sometimes forms of both
    words are possible. Look at B opposite to help you. The first one has been done for you.

    1. The measurement of rotational velocity is rpm.


    2. As you can see, the wheel rotates at extremely high velocity.
    3. A recording device counts each rotation of the wheel.
    4. High-velocity rotary motion causes vibration.
    5. This wheel is the biggest rotating part in the machine.
    6. What's the speed of the turbine in revolutions per minute?
    7. The braking system ensures the wheel rotates slowly.

    34.3 Complete the description of an engine problem using words from C opposite.

    Normall, the engine shouldn’t be able to run faster than its maximum (1) rev
    limit Of 8,000 rpm. The (2) rev limiter should prevent it from exceeding that
    limit. But something went wrong, because according to the reading on the
    (3)rev counter, the engine (4) revved to 10,500 rpm – so it was (5) over-
    revved by a significant margin. And since it’s not supposed to be a (6) high-
    revving engine, it’s not designed to cope with those kinds of speeds.

    34.4 find expressions in D opposite with the following meanings.


    1. The measurement of friction
    4
    Coefficient of friction
    2. The frictional resistance between surfaces that are already sliding against each other
    Dynamic friction
    3. The frictional resistance between surfaces that are not yet sliding against each other
    Static friction / stiction

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