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    Standard Form

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    kaziba stephen
    Standard form is a way of writing numbers as a product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10. It allows very large and very small numbers to be written concisely. To write a number in standard form, the decimal place is moved until the digit before it is between 1 and 10, and that power of 10 is noted. Calculations can then be done by manipulating the powers of 10 appropriately.

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    Standard Form

    Uploaded by

    kaziba stephen
    747 views4 pages
    Standard form is a way of writing numbers as a product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10. It allows very large and very small numbers to be written concisely. To write a number in standard form, the decimal place is moved until the digit before it is between 1 and 10, and that power of 10 is noted. Calculations can then be done by manipulating the powers of 10 appropriately.

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    Standard form is a way of writing numbers as a product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10. It allows very large and very small numbers to be written concisely. To write a number in standard form, the decimal place is moved until the digit before it is between 1 and 10, and that power of 10 is noted. Calculations can then be done by manipulating the powers of 10 appropriately.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    747 views4 pages

    Standard Form

    Uploaded by

    kaziba stephen
    Standard form is a way of writing numbers as a product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10. It allows very large and very small numbers to be written concisely. To write a number in standard form, the decimal place is moved until the digit before it is between 1 and 10, and that power of 10 is noted. Calculations can then be done by manipulating the powers of 10 appropriately.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Standard Form

    • Standard form is a convenient way of writing very large or very small numbers in terms of
    powerss of 10
    • Standard form is also known as Scientific notation or Standard Index Form
    • In standard form, numbers are written as a × 10 n where 1 ≤ a < 10 and n is an integer.
    • To express a number in standard form, we shift the decimal point until the digit part a is
    between 1 and 10. This digit a has a decimal point placed after the first digit.
    • The power part (10n ) shows how many places to move the decimal point
    • The rules of indices apply to calculations in standard form
    Example
    Write the following numbers in standard form

    (a) 82000 (b) 40000 (c) 3000000 (d) 1230

    SOLUTION
    (a) 8.2 × 104 (b) 4 × 104 (c) 3 × 106 (d) 1.23 × 103

    Example
    Write the following numbers in standard form

    (a) 0.063 (b) 0.0000567 (c) 0.0004 (d) 0.000621

    SOLUTION
    (a) 6.3 × 10−2 (b) 5.67 × 10−5 (c) 4 × 10−4 (d) 6.21 × 10−4

    Example
    Express the following numbers in standard form:

    (a) 234 × 103 (b) 7680 × 10−7 (c) 34.5 × 10−4 (d) 0.0876 × 105

    SOLUTION
    (a) 234 × 103 (c) 34.5 × 10−4
    234 × 103 = 2.34 × 102 × 103 34.5 × 10−4 = 3.45 × 101 × 10−4
    = 2.34 × 102+3 = 3.45 × 101−4
    = 2.34 × 105 = 3.45 × 10−3
    (b) 7680 × 10−7 (d) 0.0876 × 105
    7680 × 10−7 = 7.68 × 103 × 10−7 0.0876 × 105 = 8.76 × 10−2 × 105
    = 7.68 × 103−7 = 8.76 × 10−2+5
    = 7.68 × 10−4 = 8.76 × 103

    1
    Example
    By expressing each of the numbers in standard form, evaluate the following:

    (a) 0.0003 × 0.002 800 0.009×8000


    (c) 0.004
    (e) 0.002×0.3
    0.81
    (b) 80000 × 0.0005 (d) 0.02 × 0.0015 (f) 0.0027

    SOLUTION
    (a) (d)
    −4 −3
    0.0003 × 0.002 = 3 × 10 × 2 × 10 0.02 × 0.0015 = 2 × 10−2 × 1.5 × 10−3
    = (3 × 2) × 10−4+−3 = (2 × 1.5) × 10−2−3
    = 6 × 10−7 = 3 × 10−5
    (e)
    0.009 × 8000 9 × 10−3 × 8 × 103
    =
    0.002 × 0.3 2 × 10−3 × 3 × 10−1
    (b)
    (9 × 8) × 10−3+3
    80000 × 0.0005 = 8 × 104 × 5 × 10−4 =
    (2 × 3) × 10−3+−1
    = (8 × 5) × 104−4 72 × 100
    = 40 × 100 =
    6 × 10−4
    = 4 × 101 × 100 = (72 ÷ 6) × 100−−4
    = 4 × 100+1 = 12 × 104
    = 4 × 101 = 12 × 104
    = 1.2 × 101 × 104
    = 1.2 × 105
    (c) (f)
    800 8 × 102 0.81 8.1 × 10−1
    = =
    0.004 4 × 10−3 0.0027 2.7 × 10−3
    = 2 × 102−−3 = (8.1 ÷ 2.7) × 10−1−−3
    = 2 × 105 = 3 × 102

    Example
    Without using a calculator, determine:

    (a) (4 × 103 ) × (2 × 104 ) (b) (9 × 105 ) ÷ (3 × 10−3 )

    SOLUTION
    (a)
    (4 × 103 ) × (2 × 104 ) = (4 × 2) × 103+4
    = 8 × 107
    (b)
    (9 × 105 ) ÷ (3 × 10−3 ) = (9 ÷ 3) × 10(5−−3)
    = 3 × 108

    2
    Example
    Without using a calculator, determine:

    (a) (4 × 103 ) + (2 × 104 ) (b) (9 × 105 ) − (3 × 103 )

    SOLUTION
    (a)
    (4 × 103 ) + (2 × 104 ) = 4000 + 20000
    = 24000
    = 2.4 × 104
    Method 2.Change the indices such that they have the same index
    (4 × 103 ) + (2 × 104 ) = (4 × 103 ) + (20 × 103 )
    = (4 + 20) × 103
    = 24 × 103
    = 2.4 × 104
    (b)
    (9 × 105 ) − (3 × 103 ) = 900000 − 3000
    = 897000
    = 8.97 × 105
    Method 2.Change the indices such that they have the same index
    (9 × 105 ) − (3 × 103 ) = (900 × 103 ) − (3 × 103 )
    = (900 − 3) × 103
    = 897 × 103
    = 8.97 × 105

    1 Exercise Set

    1. Write each of the following numbers in standard form:

    (a) 4000 (c) 6 000 000 (e) 870 000 (g) 81 900 000 000
    (b) 9000 (d) 87 000 (f) 24 000 000 000 (h) 7 35.234

    2. Write each of the following numbers in standard form:

    (a) 0.05 (c) 0.5682 (e) 124.00688 (g) 245.12


    (b) 210.00856 (d) 0.00004356 (f) 0.00000098 (h) 0.00000000000023

    3. Without using a calculator, evaluate the following give your answer in standard form:

    3
    (a) (5 × 105 ) × (2 × 10−5 ) (f) (2 × 103 ) + (3 × 103 )
    (b) (9 × 105 ) × (4 × 103 ) (g) (5 × 105 ) − (2 × 102 )
    (c) (8 × 106 ) ÷ (4 × 10−3 ) (h) (7 × 102 ) − (5 × 101 )
    (d) (6 × 102 ) ÷ (3 × 103 ) (i) 4000 × 8000 ÷ 640
    (e) (9.8 × 103 ) + (2.5 × 103 ) (j) (6.5 × 108 ) ÷ (1.3 × 104 ) × (5 × 103 )

    4. If x = 3 × 103 and y = 2 × 102 ,work out the value of

    (a) xy (c) x − y
    (b) x + y (d) x ÷ y

    0.0035
    5. Without using a calculator or tables, evaluate: 0.07×0.2
    6. Without using a calculator or tables, evaluate: 0.42×0.35×0.0015
    0.049×0.003

    7. The radius of the earth is 6.4 × 106 m. Giving your answers in standard form, correct to 3
    significant figures, calculate the circumference of the earth .Take π = 314 × 10−2

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