Veladero Technical Report 03232018
Veladero Technical Report 03232018
Veladero Technical Report 03232018
TECHNICAL REPORT
ON THE VELADERO MINE,
SAN JUAN PROVINCE, ARGENTINA
NI 43-101 Report
Qualified Persons:
Luke Evans, P.Eng.
Glen Ehasoo, P.Eng.
Holger Krutzelmann, P.Eng.
Document Title Technical Report on the Veladero Gold Mine, San Juan
Province, Argentina
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This report contains forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical fact
regarding Barrick Gold Corporation (Barrick), Shandong Gold Mining Co., Ltd. (Shandong Gold) or the
Veladero Mine, are forward-looking statements. The words "believe", "expect", "anticipate",
"contemplate", "target", "plan", "intend", "project", "continue", "budget", "estimate", "potential", "may",
"will", "can", "could" and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. In particular, this report
contains forward-looking statements with respect to cash flow forecasts, projected capital, operating
and exploration expenditure, targeted cost reductions, mine life and production rates, potential
mineralization and metal or mineral recoveries, and information pertaining to potential improvements to
financial and operating performance and mine life at the Veladero Mine that may result from the
proposed transition period metal recovery initiative, pit wall steepening initiative, or other operating cost
reduction and productivity improvement initiatives. All forward-looking statements in this report are
necessarily based on opinions and estimates made as of the date such statements are made and are
subject to important risk factors and uncertainties, many of which cannot be controlled or predicted.
Material assumptions regarding forward-looking statements are discussed in this report, where
applicable. In addition to such assumptions, the forward-looking statements are inherently subject to
significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies. Known and unknown
factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking
statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to: fluctuations in the spot and forward price of
commodities (including gold, copper, silver, diesel fuel, natural gas and electricity); the speculative
nature of mineral exploration and development; changes in mineral production performance, exploitation
and exploration successes; risks associated with the fact that the proposed transition period metal
recovery initiative and pit wall steepening initiative are still in the early stages of evaluation and additional
engineering and other analysis is required to fully assess their impact; diminishing quantities or grades
of reserves; increased costs, delays, suspensions, and technical challenges associated with the
construction of capital projects; operating or technical difficulties in connection with mining or
development activities, including disruptions in the maintenance or provision of required infrastructure
and information technology systems or potential further deformation of the South Waste Rock Facility;
damage to Barrick’s, or the Veladero Mine’s reputation due to the actual or perceived occurrence of any
number of events, including negative publicity with respect to the handling of environmental matters or
dealings with community groups, whether true or not; risk of loss due to acts of war, terrorism, sabotage
and civil disturbances; uncertainty whether the Veladero Mine will meet Barrick’s capital allocation
objectives; the impact of global liquidity and credit availability on the timing of cash flows and the values
of assets and liabilities based on projected future cash flows; the impact of inflation; fluctuations in the
currency markets; changes in interest rates; changes in national and local government legislation,
taxation, controls or regulations and/or changes in the administration of laws, policies and practices,
expropriation or nationalization of property and political or economic developments in Argentina; failure
to comply with environmental and health and safety laws and regulations; timing of receipt of, or failure
to comply with, necessary permits and approvals; litigation; contests over title to properties or over
access to water, power and other required infrastructure; increased costs and physical risks including
extreme weather events and resource shortages, related to climate change; and availability and
increased costs associated with mining inputs and labor. In addition, there are risks and hazards
associated with the business of mineral exploration, development and mining, including environmental
hazards, industrial accidents, unusual or unexpected formations, pressures, cave-ins, flooding and gold
bullion, copper cathode or gold or copper concentrate losses (and the risk of inadequate insurance, or
inability to obtain insurance, to cover these risks).
Many of these uncertainties and contingencies can affect Barrick’s actual results and could cause actual
results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements made by,
or on behalf of, Barrick. All of the forward-looking statements made in this report are qualified by these
cautionary statements. Barrick and RPA and the Qualified Persons who authored this report undertake
no obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward‐looking statements whether as a result
of new information or future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
Table 1-1 Mineral Resources Exclusive Of Mineral Reserves – December 31, 2017 ........ 1-2
Table 1-2 Mineral Reserves – December 31, 2017 ........................................................... 1-3
Table 1-3 Project Risk Assessment .................................................................................. 1-8
Table 1-4 Total Capital Cost ........................................................................................... 1-20
Table 1-5 Forecast LOM Unit Operating Costs ............................................................... 1-21
Table 4-1 Mining Concessions .......................................................................................... 4-2
Table 4-2 Easements........................................................................................................ 4-3
Table 7-1 Deposit Dimensions ........................................................................................ 7-10
Table 7-2 Trace Element Geochemistry Results ............................................................. 7-12
Table 10-1 Historical Drilling Summary ........................................................................... 10-2
Table 13-1 Average Gold Recovery Formulae ................................................................ 13-2
Table 13-2 Evaluation of Production ............................................................................... 13-3
Table 13-3 Evaluation of Production ............................................................................... 13-4
Table 14-1 Mineral Resources Exclusive Of Reserves – December 31, 2017................. 14-1
Table 14-2 Lithology Codes ............................................................................................ 14-3
Table 14-3 Alteration Codes ........................................................................................... 14-3
Table 14-4 Sub-zone Codes ........................................................................................... 14-3
Table 14-5 Grade Domain Codes ................................................................................. 14-10
Table 14-6 Tonnage Factors......................................................................................... 14-14
Table 14-7 Gold (g/t) Assay Statistics ........................................................................... 14-15
Table 14-8 Gold Capping Levels................................................................................... 14-17
Table 14-9 Gold Composite Statistics ........................................................................... 14-18
Table 14-10 Gold Estimation Parameters ..................................................................... 14-25
Table 14-11 2017 Reconciliation Results ...................................................................... 14-31
Table 15-1 Mineral Reserves – December 31, 2017 ....................................................... 15-1
Table 16-1 Veladero Mine Production History ................................................................. 16-1
Table 16-2 Veladero Heap Leach Production History ..................................................... 16-2
Table 16-3 Mine Optimization Parameters ...................................................................... 16-5
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
Figure 4-1 Location Map ................................................................................................... 4-7
Figure 4-2 Claim Map ....................................................................................................... 4-8
Figure 7-1 Regional and Local Geology ............................................................................ 7-2
Figure 7-2 Simplified Lithology Distribution ....................................................................... 7-4
Figure 7-3 Simplified Alteration Distribution ...................................................................... 7-6
Figure 7-4 Gold Mineralization on 4,150 m Bench ............................................................ 7-8
Figure 7-5 Plan View Showing Gold Grade Times Thickness ........................................... 7-9
Figure 10-1 Drill Plan ...................................................................................................... 10-3
Figure 14-1 Lithological Domains.................................................................................... 14-5
Figure 14-2 Alteration Domains ...................................................................................... 14-6
Figure 14-3 Sub-Zone Domains ...................................................................................... 14-7
Figure 14-4 Structural Domains ...................................................................................... 14-8
Figure 14-5 Grade Domains (Level 4175) ..................................................................... 14-11
Figure 14-6 Type 2 Metallurgical Domain ..................................................................... 14-13
Figure 14-7 Assay Statistics Box Plot ........................................................................... 14-16
Figure 14-8 Gold Composite Statistics by Zone and Alteration ..................................... 14-19
Figure 14-9 Example of a Soft Contact Profile .............................................................. 14-20
Figure 14-10 Example of a Hard Contact Profile ........................................................... 14-21
Figure 14-11 Omni-Directional Correlogram ................................................................. 14-23
Figure 14-12 Block and Composite Au Grades – Section 6,752,050N at Filo Federico Pit .....
....................................................................................................................................... 14-29
Figure 14-13 Block and Composite Au Grades – Section 6,751,750N at Amable Pit .... 14-30
Figure 14-14 Block Au Grades - Longitudinal Section Looking 250° ............................. 14-32
Figure 14-15 Elevation Swath Plot ................................................................................ 14-34
Figure 14-16 Resource Classification on 4,150 m Bench .............................................. 14-36
Figure 16-1 General Site Arrangement ........................................................................... 16-3
Figure 16-2 Filo Federico Pit Phases ............................................................................ 16-10
Figure 16-3 Filo Federico Pit Slope Design Sectors in Plan .......................................... 16-13
Figure 16-4 Final Veladero WRF Arrangement ............................................................. 16-18
1 SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. (RPA) was retained by Barrick Gold Corporation (Barrick) to
complete an audit of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves and prepare an independent
Technical Report on the Veladero Gold Mine (the Mine or Veladero), located in Argentina. The
purpose of this report is to support public disclosure of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve
estimates at the Mine as of December 31, 2017. This report conforms to National Instrument
43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101) as published by the Canadian
Securities Administrators. The effective date of the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve
estimates in this report is December 31, 2017, and information in this Technical Report is
current as of that date unless otherwise specified. More current information has been
incorporated in certain circumstances to reflect subsequent events. RPA visited the Mine from
October 30 to November 1, 2017.
On April 6, 2017, Barrick announced that it had entered into a strategic cooperation agreement
with Shandong Gold Group Co., Ltd. (Shandong), a Chinese gold mining company, based in
Jinan, Shandong Province. Shandong is the direct and indirect holder of approximately 56%
of the outstanding shares in Shandong Gold Mining Co., Ltd. (Shandong Gold). Shandong
Gold was listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2003.
On June 30, 2017, Barrick completed the sale of a 50% interest in Veladero to Shandong Gold.
Shandong Gold and Barrick now each have an indirect 50% ownership interest in Minera
Argentina Gold SRL (MAGSRL) (formerly Minera Argentina Gold S.A. (MAGSA)), which owns
and operates the Mine. Unless otherwise stated, the data in this Technical Report reflects
100% of Veladero and not Barrick’s 50% pro rata interest.
Veladero is a large open pit, heap leach gold and silver mine in the high Andes Cordillera of
central western Argentina. Operations include open pit mining of gold-silver ore, two-stage
crushing, and extraction of precious metals using valley-fill heap leaching and Merrill-Crowe
recovery. Since Veladero started production in 2005, the mine has recovered approximately
8.2 million ounces (Moz) of gold and 16.6 Moz of silver from approximately 319 million tonnes
(Mt) of ore averaging 1.09 g/t Au and 14.9 g/t Ag as of December 31, 2017.
Ore production to the heap leach is planned at approximately 29 million tonnes per annum
(Mtpa) to 33 Mtpa over the next seven years. The mining rate is scheduled to peak at
approximately 79 Mtpa in 2018, steadily declining to 34 Mt in 2024. All remaining ore
production is scheduled from the Filo Federico pit.
Tables 1-1 and 1-2 summarize the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates at
Veladero as of December 31, 2017. The estimates conform to Canadian Institute of Mining,
Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) Definition Standards for Mineral Resources and Mineral
Reserves dated May 10, 2014 (CIM (2014) definitions).
Notes:
1. CIM (2014) definitions were followed for Mineral Resources.
2. Mineral Resources are estimated as of December 31, 2017 using a gold price of US$1,500 per ounce, a
silver price of US$20.50 per ounce, and a US$:ARG exchange rate of 1.00:20.0.
3. Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.
4. Mineral Resources are estimated at economic cut-off values that vary by material type and are
approximately equivalent to 0.14 g/t Au for Type 1 mineralization and 0.26 g/t Au for Type 2
mineralization.
5. Mineral Resources are constrained by a Whittle pit shell.
6. Mineral Resources are exclusive of Mineral Reserves.
7. Numbers may not add due to rounding.
Notes:
1. CIM (2014) definitions were followed for Mineral Reserves.
2. Mineral Reserves are estimated using a gold price of US$1,200 per ounce, a silver price of US$16.50, and
a US$:ARG exchange rate of 1.0:20.0.
3. Mineral Reserves are estimated at economic cut-off values based on process cost, recovery, and profit.
The cut-off values are equivalent to approximately 0.18 g/t Au for Type 1 ore and 0.32 g/t Au for Type 2
ore.
4. The total Proven and Probable silver grade estimate of 14.6 g/t Ag excludes the Leach Inventory tonnes.
5. Numbers may not add due to rounding.
RPA is not aware of any environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-economic,
marketing, political, or other modifying factors that could materially affect the Mineral Resource
or Mineral Reserve estimates as of the date of this report, other than production depletion as
set forth in the LOM production schedule.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the site visit and subsequent review, RPA offers the following conclusions:
• All of the remaining resources and reserves are found in the Veladero area within the
Filo Federico and Cuatro Esquinas zones, both of which are within the Filo Federico
pit.
• The resource estimate gold cut-off grades (COG) for Filo Federico are equivalent to
approximately 0.14 g/t for Type 1 mineralization and approximately 0.26 g/t Au for Type
• The current drill hole database is reasonable for supporting a resource model for use
in Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimation.
• Exploration and development sampling and analysis programs use standard practices,
providing generally reasonable results. The resulting data can effectively be used for
the estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves.
• Overall, RPA is of the opinion that MAGSRL has done high quality work that exceeds
industry practice.
• The Mineral Reserve estimate gold COGs are equivalent to approximately 0.18 g/t Au
for Type 1 ore and approximately 0.32 g/t Au for Type 2 ore. The reserve COGs are
estimated in accordance with standard industry practice.
• The Mineral Reserve estimates have been prepared utilizing acceptable estimation
methodologies and the classification of Proven and Probable Reserves conforms to
CIM (2014) definitions.
• Recovery and cost estimates are based on actual operating data and engineering
estimates.
• Economic analysis of the Veladero Life-of-Mine (LOM) plan generates a positive cash
flow and, in RPA’s opinion, meets the requirements for statement of Mineral Reserves.
In addition to the Mineral Reserves in the LOM plan, there are Mineral Resources that
represent opportunities for the future.
• MAGSRL has identified a potential opportunity to steepen certain final pit slopes of the
Filo Federico pit. Up to 120 m of final pit slopes have begun in Phases 5 and 6 at the
steeper slope angles. Golder Associates Inc. (Golder) has reviewed the geotechnical
model and has commented that it is sufficiently reliable to support the proposed steeper
• Deformation cracks have developed post closure within areas of the South Waste Rock
Facility (South WRF), which Golder has identified as a potential stability risk. Further
movement has the potential to encroach on a portion of the north flank of the Valley
Leach Facility (VLF). RPA notes this does not limit current capacity of the VLF or
planned expansion to the west. In addition, MAGSRL is in discussion with Golder with
regards to conducting a stability assessment of the South WRF.
• RPA notes that there is an opportunity to extend the life of the Filo Federico pit with
minor overall improvements in economic parameters. Potential exists for an additional
four years of operations.
PROCESS
• The process facilities appear to be operating well. The operation of the VLF is subject
to certain regulatory parameters set forth in the 2014 Fourth Update to the Mine’s
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The regulatory approval of the 2014 update
to the Mine’s EIA and a related 2016 regulatory resolution specifies three operating
regulatory parameters (the “VLF Trigger Limits”) that, if exceeded, will trigger the VLF
contingency plan and restrictions that constrain fresh water make-up and cyanide
addition for the duration of any such exceedance.
• The Mine has acquired all of the material permits necessary to operate the VLF up to
Phase 5B. The fifth update of the EIA of the Veladero Mine was approved in December
2016. The fifth update as submitted by MAGSRL included a request for approval of
the VLF expansion for Phases 6 to 9. Environmental approval for Phases 6 to 9 was
confirmed on May 19, 2017, by the San Juan Mining Minister, however, the
construction of these phases is subject to additional permitting, which is in progress.
• The sixth EIA update was submitted in February 2016, but its evaluation is still under
review. Given the situation that it is still under review, MAGSRL applied for, and the
Ministry of Mining has granted extension for, filing of the seventh update of the EIA.
MAGSRL has prepared the seventh update of the EIA covering the period from January
2014, to June 2017, and filed it on February 9, 2018, with the Ministry of Mining.
• The overland conveyor has been shut down since February 2015, due to mechanical
issues. There is currently no plan to restart the conveyor. Mine haul trucks are used
to haul crushed ore from the primary crushers directly to the VLF. In 2016, four new
haul trucks were added to the mine fleet to maintain production levels due to the
additional ore haulage demands as a result of the conveyor belt shutdown.
• Subsequent to the December 31, 2017, Mineral Resource estimate and as part of
continuing LOM improvements, MAGSRL assessed the continued leaching of stacked
ore for an additional four years (the Transition Period) after the completion of ore mining
activities in 2024. Metal recovery of approximately 0.5 Moz of gold and 1.2 Moz of
silver is estimated over the Transition Period from 2024 to 2028, which is not included
in the Mineral Reserve estimate.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
• Veladero has an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that is certified under the
ISO 14001 standards.
• Mine closure plans are reviewed and analyzed annually. As of December 31, 2017,
the provision for environmental rehabilitation (PER) recorded under International
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) at Veladero based on existing disturbances on
a discounted basis was approximately US$112 million. Total estimated LOM closure
costs based on existing and future disturbances on an undiscounted basis are
approximately US$132 million.
• On September 8, 2016, ice rolling down the slope of the leach pad damaged a pipe
carrying process solution, causing some material to leave the leach pad. This material,
primarily crushed ore saturated with process solution, was contained on the mine site
and returned to the leach pad. Extensive water monitoring in the area conducted by
MAGSRL confirmed that the incident did not result in any environmental impacts. A
temporary suspension of operations at the Mine was ordered by the San Juan
provincial mining authority and a provincial court on September 15, 2016, and
September 22, 2016, respectively, as a result of this incident. On October 4, 2016,
following, among other matters, the completion of certain urgent works required by the
San Juan provincial mining authority and a judicial inspection of the mine, the San Juan
provincial court lifted the suspension of operations and ordered that mining activities
be resumed.
• On March 28, 2017, the monitoring system at the Mine detected a rupture of a pipe
carrying gold-bearing process solution on the leach pad. This solution was contained
within the operating site; no solution reached any diversion channels or watercourses.
All affected soil was promptly excavated and placed on the leach pad. MAGSRL
notified regulatory authorities of the situation, and San Juan provincial authorities
inspected the site on March 29, 2017. On March 29, 2017, the San Juan provincial
mining authority issued a violation notice against MAGSRL in connection with this
incident and ordered a temporary restriction on the addition of new cyanide to the leach
pad until corrective actions on the system were completed. The mining authority lifted
the suspension on June 15, 2017, following inspection of the corrective actions. On
• In RPA’s opinion, it is reasonable to assume that the situations have been resolved in
a timely manner, thus not impacting the current Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve
estimates.
RISKS
RPA has undertaken analysis of the project risks. Table 1-3 summarizes the project risks and
RPA’s assessment of the risk degrees and consequences, as well as ongoing/required
mitigation measures. RPA notes that the degree of risk refers to our subjective assessment
as to how the identified risk could affect the achievement of the Project objectives.
Veladero has been in production for over 10 years and is a mature operation.
In RPA’s opinion, there are not any significant risks and uncertainties that could reasonably be
expected to affect the reliability or confidence in the exploration information, mineral resource
or mineral reserve estimates.
In RPA’s opinion, the pit slope steepening initiative represents a Low to Medium risk to
projected economic outcomes (mineral reserves remain reasonable and economic). Historic
operations have shown that with relatively minimal wall control effort, the previously employed
pit slope angles are achievable. The difference in LOM waste tonnage between the historic
pit slope angles and current design is approximately 46 Mt.
Currently, RPA is of the opinion that there are no environmental issues that directly affect
Mineral Reserves or Mineral Resources. The environmental and regulatory requirements are
managed by an on-site environmental department staff of professionals and technicians who
manage risks by undertaking more detailed technical studies and risk assessments and are
supported by the legal department in the San Juan office.
RECOMMENDATIONS
RPA makes the following recommendations:
• RPA concurs with the implementation of a new blast hole sampling procedure.
• RPA recommends developing a stability mitigation program for the South WRF with
the assistance of a qualified geotechnical engineer.
PROCESS
• Continue to monitor that the operation of the VLF is conforming to VLF Trigger Limits.
PERMITTING
• Continue to advance permitting for construction of Phase 6 and all subsequent phases
of the VLF in a timely manner.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Under NI 43-101 rules, producing issuers may exclude the information required in the
Economic Analysis section on properties currently in production, unless the Technical Report
includes a material expansion of current production. RPA notes that Barrick is a producing
issuer, the Veladero Mine is currently in production, and a material expansion is not being
planned. RPA has performed an economic analysis of the Veladero Mine using the estimates
presented in this report and confirms that the outcome is a positive cash flow that supports the
statement of Mineral Reserves.
TECHNICAL SUMMARY
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION
The Veladero Mine is located on the east flank of the Andes Cordillera, six kilometres east of
the Chile/Argentina border. The mine site is located at approximately 29°22' south latitude
and 69°57' west longitude in the Department of Iglesia, San Juan Province, northwest
Argentina. The closest major population and commercial centre is the provincial capital of San
Juan, which is approximately 360 km by road. Elevations at the Mine range from 3,800 m to
4,800 m.
The Veladero Mine is owned and operated by MAGSRL. Shandong Gold acquired its 50%
indirect interest in MAGSRL from Barrick on June 30, 2017.
LAND TENURE
Since 1989, Instituto Provincial de Exploraciones y Explotaciones Mineras de la Provincia de
San Juan (IPEEM) has been the provincial mining entity responsible for holding title to certain
of the San Juan Province’s mineral rights, and for soliciting and administering bids for
exploration and mining licences in the province. Therefore, some of the mining licences are
held by IPEEM. The remainder of the mining licences are held by MAGSRL. RPA notes that
Barrick Exploraciones Argentina S.A. (BEASA) controls an extensive land package in the
district that is contiguous with the mine concessions. This report summarizes only the mining
and surface rights that are directly related to the Veladero Mine. Exploration rights for the
Veladero concessions were first issued in 1994 following a competitive bidding process
completed by IPEEM.
The Veladero Mine comprises the following mining properties: (i) the Veladero mining group,
consisting of eight mining concessions owned by IPEEM and operated by MAGSRL pursuant
to applicable provincial law and the Exploitation Contract between IPEEM and MAGSRL (as
amended) and (ii) the Filo Norte mining group, consisting of five mining concessions owned
by MAGSRL, which are: Ursulina Sur, Florencia 1, Gaby M, Río 2, and Río 3. The Veladero
mining properties cover an area of approximately 14,447 ha.
Pursuant to the Argentina Mining Code, mining concessions do not have an expiry date;
however, to keep them in good standing, concession holders are required to pay certain annual
fees and meet minimum capital investment requirements. As of December 31, 2017, the
Veladero Mine has complied with these requirements with respect to its current mining
properties.
Pursuant to federal legislation that implemented law 24.196 in May 1993, and provincial
legislation adhering to the same, operating mines are required to pay to the Provincial
government a “Boca Mina” royalty of up to 3% for minerals extracted from Argentinean soil.
The “Boca Mina” is defined as the sales value of the extracted minerals less certain permitted
expenses. In addition to the above-mentioned royalty, under the terms of the Exploitation
Contract between MAGSRL and IPEEM, a 0.75% “Boca Mina” royalty is payable to IPEEM for
the metals produced from the Veladero property, including production from the Argenta
deposit.
For the Argenta deposit, an additional royalty equivalent to 1.5% on sales calculated based on
estimated life-of-pit production, a gold price of US$1,500/oz, and a silver price of US$35/oz
was levied in the first quarter of 2012, payable to a Provincial development trust fund under
the terms of the approved Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Although mining of Argenta
Mineral Reserves is complete, there is still approximately 0.8 Mt of Argenta ore in stockpiles
containing 14,100 oz of gold.
In June 2011, the Provincial government and mining companies operating in San Juan
Province, including MAGSRL, signed a responsible mining agreement under which the mining
companies agreed not to deduct certain expenses when calculating their 3% Provincial royalty.
In October 2011, MAGSRL and IPEEM agreed to modify the calculation of the 0.75% royalty
payable to the IPEEM under the Exploitation Contract using the same criteria, thus effectively
changing the royalty calculation to 0.75% of gross sales of doré.
In September 2013, Argentina adopted a new 10% tax on dividends paid by Argentine entities
to individuals and non-resident investors. Under the terms of an existing tax stability
agreement, the withholding tax may be applicable to dividends to be paid by the Veladero Mine
depending on the amount of other taxes paid during the relevant year. The dividend tax was
repealed by the new Argentine government on July 23, 2016. On December 29, 2017,
Argentina adopted a two-tier income tax regime by which it maintains the same 35% effective
tax rate but charges 30% (during years 2018 and 2019) or 25% (from 2020 onwards) corporate
income tax and 7% (during years 2018 and 2019) or 13% (from 2020 onwards) tax on
dividends.
In October 2011, the Argentine government issued Decree 1722, which requires crude oil,
natural gas, and mining companies to repatriate and convert all foreign currency revenues
resulting from export transactions into Argentine pesos. Since December 2015, the Argentine
government repealed the foreign exchange controls, to the point that repatriation and
conversion of foreign currencies into Argentine pesos is no longer mandatory.
EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE
Veladero is isolated from major cities and towns and operates on a self-sufficient basis with
trucking of materials and goods. Due to the remote location, the property is self-sufficient with
regard to the infrastructure needed to support the operation.
Electric power is currently generated on site using diesel generators. The total installed
capacity of the diesel generators is 22 MW.
The water supply for industrial usage, i.e., process and dust control, is secured from the Rio
de las Taguas. The domestic water supply is secured from two water wells. Potable water is
treated using reverse osmosis. Sewage is treated on site prior to discharge of water.
Other infrastructure includes warehouse, truck shop, maintenance facilities, and analytical
laboratory.
HISTORY
The Veladero area was first explored in the late 1980s by Argentine government geologists,
who identified scattered gold anomalies in the Veladero Sur area and surrounding region
during field examinations of hydrothermal alteration centres identified through satellite
imagery. In 1988, administration of mineral rights in the region was transferred from the
Federal to the Provincial government, and in 1989 San Juan Province established the IPEEM
as the provincial mining entity responsible for holding title to certain of the province’s mineral
rights, and for soliciting and administering bids for exploration and mining licences in the
province.
Following a competitive bidding process completed by IPEEM in 1994, Argentina Gold Corp.
(AGC), a Canadian junior exploration company, was awarded exploration rights to Veladero.
AGC then entered into a 60:40 joint venture agreement with Lac Minerals (40%), which was
acquired by Barrick a short time later.
In 1995, AGC assigned its interest to its subsidiary, MAGSA, and from 1996 through 1998 the
MAGSA/Barrick joint venture successfully explored Veladero. Concurrently, Barrick, through
its subsidiary BEASA, explored BEASA’s adjoining 100%-owned Ursulina Sur property as part
of the Lama project. In early 1999, Homestake Mining Company (Homestake) acquired AGC.
The December 2001 merger of Homestake and Barrick resulted in Barrick gaining 100%
indirect control of Veladero through MAGSA and BEASA. In 2016, pursuant to an internal
restructuring, MAGSA transformed from a corporation into the limited liability partnership
MAGSRL.
On June 30, 2017, Shandong Gold obtained a 50% interest in the Veladero Mine from Barrick
through its acquisition of an indirect 50% interest in MAGSRL.
The El Indio Gold Belt hosts both high and low sulphidation style mineralization over
approximately a 120 km strike length, from the Alturas Deposit in the south, the Tambo-El Indio
mines in the middle, to the Veladero and Pascua-Lama deposits in the north. Epithermal
mineralization within this belt is associated with Tertiary structural trends.
The Veladero deposit forms a broad, disseminated, 400 m to 700 m wide by three kilometre
long blanket of mineralization along a N15ºW-striking structural trend. The diatreme-dome
complex includes a massive, central, brecciated core of heterolithic, matrix-supported tuffisite
that transitions outward through clast-supported breccias into the volcanic country rocks. A
bedded tuff unit that represents fragments ejected from the central vent forms a ring that
overlies portions of the tuffisite and breccias at the southern end of the deposit. The Veladero
deposit comprises three main orebodies: Amable in the south, Cuatro Esquinas in the centre,
and Filo Federico in the north. The Argenta orebody is a small satellite deposit located
approximately five kilometres to the southeast of the Veladero deposit. The Amable orebody
has been mined out and there are no reserves or resources reported at Amable.
The mineralized envelope encompassing greater than 0.2 g/t Au is oriented along a 345°-
trending regional structural corridor. The mineralization is dominantly hosted in the diatreme
breccias along the fault-bounded northwest trend. Within this trend, higher grade mineralized
shoots, averaging approximately 4 g/t Au but with one metre values up to 100 g/t Au, with
lengths of 300 m to 500 m, form along northeast striking structural trends and are surrounded
by a halo of lower grade mineralization ranging between 0.1 g/t Au and 1.0 g/t Au.
A variety of volcanic explosion breccias and tuffs are the principal host rocks at Cuatro
Esquinas and Filo Federico, where alteration consists of intense silicification. The Amable
orebody is hosted within bedded pyroclastic breccias and tuffs which are affected by
silicification and advanced argillic alteration. Much of the Veladero deposit is covered by
approximately 40 m of overburden and the overburden in some areas is up to 170 m thick.
The colluvium is generally uncemented.
EXPLORATION STATUS
The major exploration programs took place prior to the completion of the feasibility study in
2002. The original drilling program targeted structural intersections with surface geochemical
anomalies (involving rock chip, soil, and screened talus sampling) that were coincident with
Controlled-Source-Audio-Frequency-Magneto-Telluric (CSAMT) resistivity highs and
magnetic lows.
Since 2002, additional exploration and infill drilling has been completed. More drilling is
planned to explore some gaps that still remain on the mining concessions. The geology team
is developing a long-term exploration plan focused on the Argentine side of the El Indio Gold
Belt. The regional exploration team’s knowledge and experience developing exploration target
criteria is being transferred to the Veladero geology team. The mine geological information
will be combined with regional exploration models to define new areas of interest that are most
likely to succeed.
As of the effective date of this report, 1,331 drill holes totalling 340,977 m and 490 underground
chip-face and wall traverse samples totalling 4,195 m have been completed and used in the
current Mineral Resource estimate.
MINERAL RESOURCES
As of December 31, 2017, Mineral Resources are summarized in Table 1-1. The resource
model was prepared using all of the drill holes available up to February 2017. A small number
of drill holes were drilled in 2017 after this date. As of December 31, 2017, Measured and
Indicated Mineral Resources, exclusive of Mineral Reserves, total approximately 140.1 Mt
averaging 0.57 g/t Au and 12.1 g/t Ag and contain approximately 2.55 Moz of gold and 54.49
Moz of silver. In addition, Inferred Mineral Resources total approximately 67 Mt averaging
0.43 g/t Au and 11.0 g/t Ag and contain approximately 0.9 Moz of gold and 24 Moz of silver.
The resources are estimated using a gold price of US$1,500/oz Au and a silver price of
US$20.50/oz, and a US$:ARG exchange rate of 1.0:20.0. RPA is of the opinion that the
Mineral Resources are acceptable, reasonable, and conform to CIM (2014) definitions.
Most of the resources are from Filo Federico Type 1 mineralization. Type 2 mineralization is
characterized by an increase in the proportion of finely disseminated gold within silica, and a
predominance of fine grained acanthite (silver sulphide) within silica that limits the recovery of
gold and silver relative to Type 1 ore. Lower Type 2 ore gold and silver recoveries influence
COGs and relative quantity of Type 2 tonnage. The resource estimate gold COGs for Filo
Federico are equivalent to approximately 0.14 g/t for Type 1 mineralization and approximately
0.26 g/t for Type 2 low grade crushed mineralization.
RPA reviewed the resource assumptions, input parameters, geological interpretation, and
block modelling procedures and is of the opinion that the Mineral Resource estimate is
appropriate for the style of mineralization and that the resource model is reasonable and
acceptable to support the December 31, 2017 Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve
estimates.
The Veladero geology department has developed a very good understanding of the Veladero
geology. Geological models were constructed to provide geologic control for grade estimation
and to provide parameters for mine planning. Geology models for lithology, alteration, and
structural sub-zones were built using Vulcan software. The main faults have also been
modelled. Lines and control points based on the exploration drill holes, blast holes, and pit
mapping were used in Vulcan to create 3D geological wireframes.
MINERAL RESERVES
As of December 31, 2017, Mineral Reserves are summarized in Table 1-2. Mineral Reserves
are reported at a gold price of US$1,200/oz, silver price of US$16.50/oz, and a US$:ARG
exchange rate of 1.0:20.0. The reserve estimate gold COGs are equivalent to approximately
0.18 g/t for Type 1 ore and approximately 0.32 g/t for Type 2 ore. The Proven and Probable
Mineral Reserves are estimated to be approximately 228 Mt at 0.77 g/t Au and 14.6 g/t Ag,
containing 5.6 Moz of gold and 101 Moz of silver which includes stockpiles and inventory. The
remaining open pit portion of Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves is estimated to be
approximately 207 Mt at 0.78 g/t Au and 14.8 g/t Ag. Based on this review, it is RPA’s opinion
that the reported material is appropriately classified as Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves
in accordance with CIM (2014) definitions.
RPA is not aware of any mining, metallurgical, infrastructure, permitting, or other relevant
factors that could materially affect the Mineral Reserve estimate.
MINING METHOD
The Veladero Mine is a traditional open pit truck and shovel operation that has been in
continuous operation since 2005. Veladero has mined approximately 993 Mt of material and
produced approximately 8.2 Moz of gold and 16 Moz of silver as of December 31, 2017.
Open pit mining is planned at between 27 Mtpa and 31 Mtpa of Mineral Reserves over the
next seven years. The total mining rate is scheduled to peak at approximately 79 Mtpa in
2018, steadily declining to 34 Mt in 2024.
MINERAL PROCESSING
Gold is recovered from ore at Veladero using cyanide-heap leaching in a VLF pad and a Merrill-
Crowe zinc cementation gold recovery plant.
The lower gold grade ore (i.e., above the cut-off grade for ROM ore and below the cut-off grade
for CRUSH material), is mined and trucked to the leach pad. Ore that has a gold grade above
the cut-off grade for CRUSH material is trucked from the mine or stockpiles and crushed in
one of two two-stage crushing circuits to a nominal size of 80% passing (P80) 40 mm. The
crushing plant has a capacity of approximately 90,000 tonnes per day (tpd), i.e., 60,000 tpd
through line one and 30,000 tpd through line two. Haul trucks dump directly into the primary
gyratory crushers. After crushing, the ore is transferred to a covered stockpile.
After secondary crushing, the crushed ore is hauled by trucks from the crushing station to the
heap leach pad where it is stacked in 13 m lifts.
Approximately 230,000 m2 to 260,000 m2 of ore is actively under leach at any given time with
dilute cyanide leach solution applied using drip emitters. The nominal capacity of the Barren
Solution pumping system is 2,900 m3/h with an additional 0-2,700 m3/h provided by the PLS
Recycle system, which provides an ability to control the Pregnant Solution Storage Area
(PSSA) solution level and pursue solution enrichment with lower grade ore.
Gold doré that is produced by the refining process is shipped off-site for further refining to
produce fine gold and silver.
Market conditions have resulted in the curtailment of by-product mercury sales. As a result,
MAGSRL has constructed long term storage capacity for mercury near the gold refinery. The
cost of removal at end of life will need to be addressed by operations, as it is not in the Closure
Plan, if other disposition options do not become available.
The operation of the VLF is subject to certain regulatory parameters set forth in the 2014 Fourth
Update to the Mine’s EIA. The regulatory approval of the 2014 update to the Mine’s EIA and
a related 2016 regulatory resolution specifies three operating regulatory parameters (the “VLF
Trigger Limits”) that, if exceeded, will trigger the VLF contingency plan and restrictions that
constrain fresh water make-up and cyanide addition for the duration of any such exceedance.
The VLF Trigger Limits are set forth below:
The new PSSA (or AASR) permitted operating level limited to 3,927 metres above sea level
(MASL) was enacted in 2014 to control the hydraulic head on the primary heap leach liner.
This has resulted in closer monitoring of solution flow in the VLF.
The restriction on the operation of the leak collection and recovery system (LCRS or SRRF) to
a maximum level of 3,914.7 MASL, and maximum daily pumped volume of 270 m³/day may
restrict the normal development of the VLF, providing less space for stacking in Phases 1-3 in
low areas, creating delays in metal extraction. The VLF Trigger Limits are under review with
the regulatory agencies for potential increases in light of new and ongoing technical studies
and data, which would improve operating flexibility and reduce potential extraction delays.
Production at Veladero may be further impacted in the event that snowmelt causes water levels
in the leach solution storage area to exceed the VLF Trigger Limits prescribed in the 2014
update to the Mine’s environmental permit. For such an event, the Mine would be required to
trigger the VLF contingency plan and restrictions that constrain fresh water make-up and
cyanide addition to the leach pad for the duration of any such exceedance.
Veladero is also certified under the International Cyanide Management Code. Veladero was
last certified in 2015, and will have to be re-certified in 2018.
The authorities conduct site inspections at Veladero on a regular basis. Written reports of
comments and requirements are distributed and MAGSRL responds to the comments and
requirements, as required.
The mine closure plan was developed to allow, when practical, closure and rehabilitation
activities to be carried out simultaneously with mining activities. This rehabilitation in parallel
with mining will allow the performance of certain tasks during the operation of the Mine,
reducing closure costs and the schedule for completing the tasks at the end of the mine life.
Mine closure plans are reviewed and analyzed annually. As of December 31, 2017, the PER
recorded under IFRS at Veladero based on existing disturbances on a discounted basis was
approximately US$112 million. Total estimated LOM closure costs based on existing and
future disturbances on an undiscounted basis are approximately US$132 million.
In September 2015, a valve on a leach pad pipeline at Veladero failed, resulting in a release
of cyanide-bearing process solution into a nearby waterway through a diversion channel gate
that was open at the time of the incident. MAGSRL notified regulatory authorities of the
release. Environmental monitoring was conducted by MAGSRL and independent third parties
following the incident. MAGSRL believes this monitoring demonstrated that the incident posed
no risk to human health at downstream communities from the Mine. A temporary restriction on
the addition of new cyanide to the Mine’s processing circuit was lifted on September 24, 2015,
and mine operations returned to normal. Monitoring and inspection of the mine site will
continue in accordance with a court order. On April 14, 2016, in accordance with local
requirements, MAGSRL paid an administrative fine of approximately US$10 million (at the
then-applicable Argentine peso/US$ exchange rate) in connection with this incident. MAGSRL
has implemented a remedial action plan at Veladero in response to the incident as required by
the San Juan provincial mining authority.
On September 8, 2016, ice rolling down the slope of the leach pad damaged a pipe carrying
process solution, causing some material to leave the leach pad. This material, primarily
crushed ore saturated with process solution, was contained on the mine site and returned to
the leach pad. Extensive water monitoring in the area conducted by MAGSRL confirmed that
the incident did not result in any environmental impacts. A temporary suspension of operations
at the Mine was ordered by the San Juan provincial mining authority and a provincial court on
September 15, 2016, and September 22, 2016, respectively, as a result of this incident. On
October 4, 2016, following, among other matters, the completion of certain urgent works
required by the San Juan provincial mining authority and a judicial inspection of the mine, the
San Juan provincial court lifted the suspension of operations and ordered that mining activities
be resumed.
On March 28, 2017, the monitoring system at the Mine detected a rupture of a pipe carrying
gold-bearing process solution on the leach pad. This solution was contained within the
operating site; no solution reached any diversion channels or watercourses. All affected soil
was promptly excavated and placed on the leach pad. MAGSRL notified regulatory authorities
of the situation, and San Juan provincial authorities inspected the site on March 29, 2017. On
March 29, 2017, the San Juan provincial mining authority issued a violation notice against
MAGSRL in connection with this incident and ordered a temporary restriction on the addition
of new cyanide to the leach pad until corrective actions on the system were completed. The
mining authority lifted the suspension on June 15, 2017, following inspection of the corrective
actions. On January 23, 2018, in accordance with local requirements, MAGSRL paid an
administrative fine of approximately US$5.6 million (at the then-applicable Argentine peso/US$
exchange rate) in connection with the September 2016 and March 2017 incidents and filed a
request for reconsideration with the San Juan provincial mining authority, which remains
pending.
LOM Capital
Department
(US$ million)
Sustaining 94
VLF Expansion 185
Closure 132
Total 411
Notes:
1. Sustaining cost is for site infrastructure not directly related to mining, processing, or closure costs;
mine equipment sustaining costs are included in the operating costs for the remainder of the mine
life as there are no new major purchases planned.
2. Mine stripping costs are included in the operating costs.
3. Numbers may not add due to rounding.
Forecast LOM unit operating costs for Veladero are presented in Table 1-5.
Notes.
1. Capitalized stripping is included in mining costs.
The operating closure cost, correlated with tonnes mined and tonnes processed, is included
within the mining and processing unit costs. As of December 31, 2017, the PER recorded
under IFRS at Veladero based on existing disturbances on a discounted basis was
approximately US$112 million. Total estimated LOM closure costs based on existing and
future disturbances on an undiscounted basis are approximately US$132 million, as shown in
Table 1-4.
2 INTRODUCTION
Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. (RPA) was retained by Barrick Gold Corporation (Barrick) to
complete an audit of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves and prepare an independent
Technical Report on the Veladero Gold Mine (the Mine or Veladero), located in Argentina. The
purpose of this report is to support public disclosure of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve
estimates at the Mine as of December 31, 2017. This report conforms to National Instrument
43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101) as published by the Canadian
Securities Administrators. The effective date of the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve
estimates in this report is December 31, 2017, and information in this Technical Report is
current as of that date unless otherwise specified. More current information has been
incorporated in certain circumstances to reflect subsequent events. RPA visited the Mine
from October 30 to November 1, 2017.
On April 6, 2017, Barrick announced that it had entered into a strategic cooperation agreement
with Shandong Gold Group Co., Ltd. (Shandong), a Chinese gold mining company, based in
Jinan, Shandong Province. Shandong is the direct and indirect holder of approximately 56%
of the outstanding shares in Shandong Gold Mining Co., Ltd. (Shandong Gold). Shandong
Gold was listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2003.
On June 30, 2017, Barrick completed the sale of a 50% interest in Veladero to Shandong Gold.
Shandong Gold and Barrick now each have an indirect 50% ownership interest in Minera
Argentina Gold SRL (MAGSRL) (formerly Minera Argentina Gold S.A. (MAGSA)), which owns
and operates the Mine. Unless otherwise stated, the data in this Technical Report reflect 100%
of Veladero and not Barrick’s 50% pro rata interest.
Veladero is a large open pit, heap leach gold and silver mine in the high Andes Cordillera of
central western Argentina. Operations include open pit mining of gold-silver ore, two-stage
crushing, and extraction of precious metals using valley-fill heap leaching and Merrill-Crowe
recovery. Since Veladero started production in 2005, the Mine has recovered approximately
8.2 Moz of gold and 16.6 Moz of silver from approximately 319 Mt of ore averaging 1.09 g/t Au
and 14.9 g/t Ag as of December 31, 2017.
Ore production to the heap leach is planned at approximately 29 Mtpa to 33 Mtpa over the
next seven years. The total mining rate is scheduled to peak at approximately 79 Mtpa in
2018, steadily declining to 34 Mt in 2024. All remaining ore production is scheduled from the
Filo Federico pit.
The Veladero Mine comprises the following mining properties: (i) the Veladero mining group,
consisting of eight mining concessions owned by IPEEM and operated by MAGSRL, pursuant
to applicable provincial law and the Exploitation Contract between IPEEM and MAGSRL (as
amended) and (ii) the Filo Norte mining group, consisting of five mining concessions owned
by MAGSRL, which are: Ursulina Sur, Florencia 1, Gaby M, Río 2, and Río 3. The Veladero
mining properties cover an area of approximately 14,447 ha.
Pursuant to the Argentina Mining Code, mining concessions do not have an expiry date;
however, to keep them in good standing, concession holders are required to pay certain annual
fees and meet minimum capital investment requirements. As of December 31, 2017, the
Veladero Mine has complied with these requirements with respect to its current mining
properties.
Barrick has an undivided 90% interest in “Campo Las Taguas”, which encompasses the
surface property affected by Veladero’s mining facilities. With respect to the 10% interest of
“Campos Las Taguas” owned by third parties, MAGSRL and IPEEM have obtained all
necessary easements for access over surface property. Certain other mine related facilities
are located in Campo Colangui, which is also owned by Barrick. The Argenta pit is located at
the Campo Las Taguas. Sufficient surface rights have been obtained for current operations at
the property.
Pursuant to federal legislation that implemented law 24.196 in May 1993, and provincial
legislation adhering to the same, operating mines are required to pay to the Provincial
government a “Boca Mina” royalty of up to 3% for minerals extracted from Argentinean soil.
The “Boca Mina” is defined as the sales value of the extracted minerals less certain permitted
expenses. In addition to the above-mentioned royalty, under the terms of the Exploitation
Contract between MAGSRL and IPEEM, a 0.75% “Boca Mina” royalty is payable to IPEEM for
the metals produced from the Veladero property, including any production from the Argenta
deposit.
For the Argenta deposit, an additional royalty equivalent to 1.5% on sales calculated based on
estimated life-of-pit production, a gold price of $1,500/oz and a silver price of $35/oz was levied
in the first quarter of 2012, payable to a Provincial development trust fund under the terms of
the approved Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Although mining of Argenta Mineral
Reserves is complete, there is still approximately 0.8 Mt of Argenta ore in stockpiles containing
14,100 oz gold.
In June 2011, the Provincial government and mining companies operating in San Juan
Province, including MAGSRL, signed a responsible mining agreement under which the mining
companies agreed not to deduct certain expenses when calculating their 3% Provincial royalty.
In October 2011, MAGSRL and IPEEM agreed to modify the calculation of the 0.75% royalty
payable to the IPEEM under the Exploitation Contract using the same criteria, thus effectively
changing the royalty calculation to 0.75% of gross sales of doré.
in 2005 until December 21, 2015, when the duty was eliminated by the new Argentine
government.
In September 2013, Argentina adopted a new 10% tax on dividends paid by Argentine entities
to individuals and non-resident investors. MAGSRL believed that this withholding tax was not
applicable to dividends to be paid by the Mine as a result of an existing tax stability
arrangement. The dividend tax was repealed by the new Argentine government on July 23,
2016. On December 29, 2017, Argentina adopted a two-tier income tax regime by which it
maintains the same 35% effective tax rate but charges 30% (during years 2018 and 2019) or
25% (from 2020 onwards) corporate income tax and 7% (during years 2018 and 2019) or 13%
(from 2020 onwards) tax on dividends.
In October 2011, the Argentine government issued Decree 1722, which requires crude oil,
natural gas, and mining companies to repatriate and convert all foreign currency revenues
resulting from export transactions into Argentine pesos. Since December 2015, the Argentine
government repealed the foreign exchange controls, to the point that repatriation and
conversion of foreign currencies into Argentine pesos is no longer mandatory.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
RPA Principal Geologist Luke Evans, M.Sc., P.Eng., and RPA Principal Mining Engineer Glen
Ehasoo, P.Eng., visited the Mine from October 30, 2017, through November 1, 2017.
Discussions were held with the following Barrick and MAGSRL personnel:
• Inivaldo Diaz, Operations Manager (MAGSRL)
• Benjamin Sanfurgo, Senior Manager, Resources and Reserves (Barrick)
• Osvaldo Brocca, Chief Mine Geologist (MAGSRL)
• Sebastian Juarez, Senior Mine Geologist (MAGSRL)
• Elio Terranova, Data Base Administrator (MAGSRL)
• Daniel Diaz, Junior Ore Control Engineer (MAGSRL)
• Patricio Irribarra, Chief Exploration Geologist (MAGSRL)
• Raul Correa, Manager Technical Services (MAGSRL)
• Edwin Diaz, Process Superintendent (MAGSRL)
• Dante Cardozo, Chief Metallurgist (MAGSRL)
• Julio Torino, Leach Pad Superintendent (MAGSRL)
The Veladero operation has been the subject of resource/reserve technical audits as follows:
• September 2017, Resource and Reserve Draft Competent Person’s Report by RPA.
• August 2016, Resource and Reserve NI 43-101 Technical Report by RPA (internal).
• May 2008, Mineral Reserve and Resource Audit, Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle
Associates Inc. (Scott Wilson RPA, a predecessor company to RPA).
Mr. Evans is responsible for the overall preparation of this report. Mr. Evans reviewed the
geology, sampling, assaying, and resource estimate work and is responsible for Sections 3 to
12, 14, and 23, and contributed to Sections 1, 2, 24, 25, 26, and 27. Mr. Ehasoo reviewed the
mining, reserve estimate, and economics and is responsible for Sections 15, 16, 19, 21, and
22 and contributed to Sections 1, 2, 18, 24, 25, 26, and 27. Mr. Krutzelmann reviewed the
metallurgical, environmental, and permitting aspects and is responsible for Sections 13, 17,
and 20 and contributed to Sections 1, 2, 18, 24, 25, 26, and 27.
The documentation reviewed, and other sources of information, are listed at the end of this
report in Section 27 References.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Units of measurement used in this report conform to the metric system. All currency in this
report is US dollars (US$) unless otherwise noted.
• Data, reports, and other information supplied by Barrick and Shandong Gold and
other third party sources.
For the purpose of this report, RPA has relied on ownership information provided by MAGSRL.
RPA has not researched property title or mineral rights for the Veladero property and
expresses no opinion as to the ownership status of the property.
RPA has relied on Barrick and Shandong Gold for guidance on applicable taxes, royalties, and
other government levies or interests, applicable to revenue or income from Veladero.
Except for the purposes legislated under provincial securities laws, any use of this report by
any third party is at that party’s sole risk.
The Veladero Mine is 50% owned by each of Shandong Gold and Barrick through their indirect
ownership of MAGSRL. Shandong Gold acquired its 50% interest in MAGSRL from Barrick
on June 30, 2017. Unless otherwise stated, all data in this Technical Report reflect 100% of
Veladero and not Barrick’s 50% pro rata interest.
LAND TENURE
Since 1989, IPEEM has been the provincial mining entity responsible for holding title to certain
of the San Juan Province’s mineral rights, and for soliciting and administering bids for
exploration and mining licences in the province. Therefore, some of the mining licences are
held by IPEEM. The remainder of the mining licences are held by MAGSRL. RPA notes that
Barrick Exploraciones Argentina S.A. (BEASA) controls an extensive land package in the
district that is contiguous with the mine concessions. This report summarizes only the mining
and surface rights that are directly related to the Veladero Mine. Exploration rights for the
Veladero concessions were first issued in 1994 following a competitive bidding process
completed by IPEEM.
The Veladero Mine comprises the following mining properties: (i) the Veladero Mining Group,
consisting of eight mining concessions owned by IPEEM and operated by MAGSRL, pursuant
to applicable provincial law and the Exploitation Contract between IPEEM and MAGSRL (as
amended) and (ii) the Filo Norte Mining Group, consisting of five mining concessions owned
by MAGSRL, which are: Ursulina Sur, Florencia 1, Gaby M, Río 2, and Río 3. The Veladero
mining properties cover an area of approximately 14,447 ha.
Pursuant to the Argentina Mining Code, mining concessions do not have an expiry date;
however, to keep them in good standing, concession holders are required to pay certain annual
fees and meet minimum capital investment requirements. As of December 31, 2017, the
Veladero Mine has complied with these requirements with respect to its current mining
properties. The mining concessions were renewed upon payment of the fees on June 30,
2017.
The ownership details of the mining properties are shown in Table 4-1. Access rights to the
mine and surface rights for supporting facilities are secured through easements. Details of
these land holdings are provided in Table 4-2. The land holdings are shown in Figure 4-2.
MAGSRL holds 100% direct ownership of the Filo Norte Mining Group concession, which is
contiguous with and immediately north and east of the Mina Veladero Mining Group
concession (Figure 4-2). IPEEM owns the Veladero Mining Group concession. Through its
exploitation contract and record of agreements with IPEEM, MAGSRL’s rights to exploit
Veladero, in conjunction with development of Filo Norte Mining Group concession, are secured
for 25 years. This term is renewable at MAGSRL’s sole discretion for another 25 years.
MAGSRL controls essentially all the surface of Filo Norte Mining Group and Veladero Mining
Group, in addition to other large contiguous surface parcels in the region. The main surface
right easements in the Mine area are shown in Figure 4-2. Figure 4-2 does not show the
easements related to communication antennas and access roads.
Pursuant to federal legislation which implemented law 24.196 in May 1993, and provincial
legislation adhering to the same, operating mines are required to pay to the Provincial
government a “Boca Mina” royalty of up to 3% for minerals extracted from Argentinean soil.
The “Boca Mina” is defined as the sales value of the extracted minerals less certain permitted
expenses. In addition to the above-mentioned royalty, under the terms of the Exploitation
Contract between MAGSRL and IPEEM, a 0.75% “Boca Mina” royalty is payable to IPEEM for
the metals produced from the Veladero property, including production from the Argenta
deposit.
For the Argenta deposit, an additional royalty equivalent to 1.5% on sales calculated on
estimated life-of-pit production, a gold price of $1,500/oz and a silver price of $35/oz was levied
in the first quarter of 2012, payable to a Provincial development trust fund under the terms of
the approved EIS. Although mining of Argenta Mineral Reserves is complete, there is still
approximately 0.8 Mt of Argenta ore in stockpiles containing 14,100 oz of gold.
In September 2013, Argentina adopted a new 10% tax on dividends paid by Argentine entities
to individuals and non-resident investors. Veladero believed that this withholding tax was not
applicable to dividends to be paid by the Mine as a result of an existing tax stability
arrangement. The dividend tax was repealed by the new Argentine government on July 23,
2016. On December 29, 2017, Argentina adopted a two-tier income tax regime by which it
maintains the same 35% effective tax rate but charges 30% (during years 2018 and 2019) or
25% (from 2020 onwards) corporate income tax and 7% (during years 2018 and 2019) or 13%
(from 2020 onwards) tax on dividends.
In October 2011, the Argentine government issued Decree 1722, which requires crude oil,
natural gas, and mining companies to repatriate and convert all foreign currency revenues
resulting from export transactions into Argentine pesos. Since December 2015, the Argentine
government repealed the foreign exchange controls, to the point that repatriation and
conversion of foreign currencies into Argentine pesos is no longer mandatory.
In June 2011, the Provincial government and mining companies operating in San Juan
Province, including MAGSRL, signed a responsible mining agreement under which the mining
companies agreed not to deduct certain expenses when calculating their 3% Provincial royalty.
In October 2011, MAGSRL and IPEEM agreed to modify the calculation of the 0.75% royalty
payable to the IPEEM under the Exploitation Contract using the same criteria, thus effectively
changing the royalty calculation to 0.75% of gross sales of doré.
MAGSRL has acquired all of the material permits necessary to operate the Veladero Mine.
The operation of the Valley Leach Facility (VLF) is subject to certain regulatory parameters set
forth in the 2014 Fourth Update to the Mine’s Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as
described in further detail in Section 20. The regulatory approval to the 2014 update to the
Mine’s EIA and a related 2016 regulatory resolution specifies three operating regulatory
parameters (the “VLF Trigger Limits”) that, if exceeded, will trigger the VLF contingency plan
and restrictions that constrain fresh water make-up and cyanide addition for the duration of
any such exceedance. The VLF Trigger Limits are set forth below:
Production at Veladero may be further impacted in the event that snowmelt causes water levels
in the leach solution storage area to exceed the VLF Trigger Limits prescribed in the 2014
update to the Mine’s environmental permit, in which case the Mine would be required to trigger
the VLF contingency plan and restrictions that limit the amount of fresh water make-up and
eliminate cyanide addition to processing solutions for the duration of any such exceedance.
In September 2015, a valve on a leach pad pipeline at Veladero failed, resulting in a release
of cyanide-bearing process solution into a nearby waterway through a diversion channel gate
that was open at the time of the incident. MAGSRL notified regulatory authorities of the
release. Environmental monitoring was conducted by MAGSRL and independent third parties
following the incident. MAGSRL believes this monitoring demonstrates that the incident posed
no risk to human health at downstream communities from the Mine. A temporary restriction on
the addition of new cyanide to the Mine’s processing circuit was lifted on September 24, 2015,
and mine operations returned to normal. Monitoring and inspection of the mine site will
continue in accordance with a court order. On April 14, 2016, in accordance with local
requirements, MAGSRL paid an administrative fine of approximately US$10 million (at the
then-applicable Argentine peso/US$ exchange rate) in connection with this incident. MAGSRL
has implemented a remedial action plan at Veladero in response to the incident as required by
the San Juan provincial mining authority.
On September 8, 2016, ice rolling down the slope of the leach pad damaged a pipe carrying
process solution, causing some material to leave the leach pad. This material, primarily
crushed ore saturated with process solution, was contained on the mine site and returned to
the leach pad. Extensive water monitoring in the area conducted by MAGSRL confirmed that
the incident did not result in any environmental impacts. A temporary suspension of operations
at the Mine was ordered by the San Juan provincial mining authority and a provincial court on
September 15, 2016, and September 22, 2016, respectively, as a result of this incident. On
October 4, 2016, following, among other matters, the completion of certain urgent works
required by the San Juan provincial mining authority and a judicial inspection of the mine, the
San Juan provincial court lifted the suspension of operations and ordered that mining activities
be resumed.
On March 28, 2017, the monitoring system at the Mine detected a rupture of a pipe carrying
gold-bearing process solution on the leach pad. This solution was contained within the
operating site; no solution reached any diversion channels or watercourses. All affected soil
was promptly excavated and placed on the leach pad. MAGSRL notified regulatory authorities
of the situation, and San Juan provincial authorities inspected the site on March 29, 2017. On
March 29, 2017, the San Juan provincial mining authority issued a violation notice against
MAGSRL in connection with this incident and ordered a temporary restriction on the addition
of new cyanide to the leach pad until corrective actions on the system were completed. The
mining authority lifted the suspension on June 15, 2017, following inspection of the corrective
actions. On January 23, 2018, in accordance with local requirements, MAGSRL paid an
administrative fine of approximately US$5.6 million (at the then-applicable Argentine peso/US$
exchange rate) in connection with the September 2016 and March 2017 incidents and filed a
request for reconsideration with the San Juan provincial mining authority, which remains
pending.
RPA is not aware of any significant environmental liabilities on the property or significant
factors and risks that could affect access, title, or the ability to operate the Veladero Mine.
N
6800000
6800000
VELADERO
MINE
IGLESIA
LA RIOJA
E
6700000
6700000
L
I
Pismanta
Las Flores
Iglesia
§¨
150
Bella Vista
JACHAL
C
El Colorado
6600000
6600000
VALLE FERTIL
£¤
436
§¨
40
Cruce Camino
Quebrada de
Las Burras
Talacasto
£¤
ULLUM
£¤
RDON
510
412
ANGACO
§¨
ALBA
149 Matagusanos
6500000
6500000
Oficina Barrick
Villagra §¨
141
ZONDA
POCITO
§¨
40 §¨ 20
25 DE MAYO
SARMIENTO
SAN
Figure 4-1 LUIS
6400000
6400000
MENDOZA
Barrick Gold Corporation
6,755,000
Metres
Coordenadas Gauss Kruger
Datum Campo Inchauspe 69
Truck Shop
URSULINA SUR
N
GABY
M
VE-II
6,750,000
VE-XIV
FLORENCIA I
VE-XVI
VE-X Camp Veladero
Valley Heap Leach
C h i l e
RIO 3
Argenta Pit
6,745,000
6,745,000
RIO 2
Legend:
Easement 1739-F18-A-95
6,740,000
6740000
Easement 425129-B-03
Easement 194002-C-81
Mine Area
VE-XLVIII
International Border
VE-LIII
6,735,000
6,735,000
Figure 4-2
Veladero Mine
San Juan Province, Argentina
Claim Map
2405000 2,410,000 2,415,000
March 2018 Source: Barrick Gold Corp., 2015.
4-8
www.rpacan.com
It takes approximately six hours to drive to Veladero from San Juan, which in turn is
approximately a two hour drive to the international airport at Mendoza. There are regular flights
to Mendoza from Santiago, Chile and there are also direct flights to San Juan from Buenos
Aires, Argentina.
LOCAL RESOURCES
Veladero is isolated from major cities and towns and operates on a self-sufficient basis with
material and goods trucked to the site. Mine personnel work on a residential rotation.
Operations personnel work a 14 day on – 14 day off rotation on 12-hour shifts. Administrative
personnel work either a four day on - three day off schedule or an eight day on - six day off
schedule. The mine operates year round.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Due to the remote location, the property is self-sufficient with regard to the infrastructure
needed to support the operation. Electric power is currently generated on site primarily using
diesel generators. The water supply for industrial usage, i.e. process and dust control is
secured from the Rio de las Taguas. The domestic water supply is secured from two water
wells. The potable water is treated using reverse osmosis. The Veladero site has four aerobic
sewage treatment plants and one prototype sewage treatment plant that utilizes worms instead
of bacteria to break down the domestic waste. There are also sewage treatment plants located
along the access road at Sepultura and Peñasquito.
Other infrastructure includes warehouse, truck shop, maintenance facilities, and analytical
laboratory.
PHYSIOGRAPHY
The Veladero Mine area is characterized by rugged mountains with deeply incised steep-sided
valleys. Elevations at the Mine range from 3,800 MASL to 4,800 MASL, and the alpine climate
is cold, dry, and windy. Vegetation is sparse, and is concentrated in wetlands areas. Rock
outcrops and colluvial soils predominate on slopes, and overburden thicknesses of up to 170
m occur in the Mine area.
Highest annual temperatures occur from December through February, when maximum
daytime temperatures generally range from 10ºC to 22ºC, with lows between -5ºC and 5ºC.
Winter months from June through August have daytime highs generally between -10ºC and
10ºC, and night time lows of -10ºC to -30ºC. Mean annual precipitation is estimated to be
approximately 200 mm at 4,400 m elevation, with most of the precipitation arriving as snow.
Winter conditions can be severe, with intense winds, blowing snow, extreme cold, and can
adversely affect mine access and operations. Rocks and gravel airborne by strong gusty winds
are a common hazard in mine operations and on access roads. Local weather conditions are
monitored by five meteorological stations across the site.
The mine is in the Rio de las Taguas watershed, with Despoblados, Potrerillos, Guanaco
Zonzo, and Canito creeks comprising the other major perennial streams in the Mine area.
Water supplies for Veladero are extracted from surface and groundwater sources in the Rio
de las Taguas valley.
6 HISTORY
The Veladero area was first explored in the late 1980s by Argentine government geologists,
who identified scattered gold anomalies in the Veladero Sur area and surrounding region
during field examinations of hydrothermal alteration centers identified through satellite
imagery. In 1988, administration of mineral rights in the region was transferred from the
Federal to the Provincial government and, in 1989, San Juan Province established the IPEEM
as the provincial mining entity responsible for holding title to certain of the Province’s mineral
rights, and for soliciting and administering bids for exploration and mining licences in the
Province.
Following a competitive bidding process completed by IPEEM in 1994, AGC, a Canadian junior
exploration company, was awarded exploration rights to Veladero. AGC then entered into a
60:40 joint venture agreement with Lac Minerals (40%), which was acquired by Barrick a short
time later.
In 1995, AGC assigned its interest to its subsidiary, MAGSA, and from 1996 through 1998 the
MAGSA/Barrick joint venture successfully explored Veladero. Concurrently, Barrick, through
its subsidiary BEASA, explored BEASA’s adjoining 100%-owned Ursulina Sur property as part
of the Lama project. In early 1999, Homestake Mining acquired AGC, and intensified Veladero
exploration, while Barrick advanced definition of the Filo Norte or Federico deposit on the
Ursulina Sur property. The December 2001 merger of Homestake and Barrick resulted in
Barrick gaining 100% indirect control of Veladero through MAGSA and BEASA. In 2016,
pursuant to an internal restructuring, MAGSA transformed from a corporation into the limited
liability partnership MAGSRL. On June 30, 2017, Shandong Gold obtained a 50% interest in
the Veladero Mine from Barrick through its acquisition of an indirect 50% interest in MAGSRL.
Exploration by the MAGSA/Barrick joint venture initially focused on the Veladero Sur gold
anomalies, but eventually moved north and encountered strongly anomalous gold
mineralization associated with outcropping breccia bodies in the area of what is now the
Amable deposit. Initial RC drilling in late 1995 defined a small resource in this zone (Brecha
Agostina), and focused the MAGSA/Barrick joint venture’s exploration efforts on other breccia
exposures on the property.
Since Veladero started production in 2005, the Mine has recovered approximately 8.2 million
ounces (Moz) of gold and 16.6 Moz of silver from approximately 319 million tonnes (Mt) of ore
averaging 1.09 g/t Au and 14.9 g/t Ag as of December 31, 2017. The production history details
are described in Section 16.
The regional structural setting of the El Indio Gold Belt is dominated by fault and fracture sets
associated with Tertiary east-west regional compression. The main fault set is a series of
north-south striking reverse faults with associated east-west extensional fracture sets and 030º
to 060º and 320º to 300º conjugate shear sets. Intrusive and volcanic centers are concentrated
at structural intersections. The north-south reverse faults border the volcanic rift basin. These
structural trends are important to the localization of mineralization at Veladero and at other
deposits associated with the belt, including the Alturas, El Indio, Pascua-Lama, and Zancarron
deposits.
The El Indio Gold Belt hosts both high and low sulphidation style mineralization over
approximately a 120 km strike length, from the Alturas Deposit in the south, the Tambo-El Indio
mines in the middle, to the Veladero and Pascua-Lama deposits in the north. Epithermal
mineralization within this belt is associated with Tertiary structural trends.
Veladero
Mine
Area
Figure 7-1
Veladero Mine
San Juan Province, Argentina
Regional and Local Geology
The Veladero deposit forms a broad, disseminated, three kilometre long blanket of
mineralization along a N15ºW-striking structural trend. The diatreme-dome complex includes
a massive, central, brecciated core of heterolithic, matrix-supported tuffisite that transitions
outward through clast-supported breccias into the volcanic country rocks. A bedded tuff unit
that represents fragments ejected from the central vent forms a ring that overlies portions of
the tuffisite and breccias at the southern end of the deposit. The Veladero deposit comprises
three main ore bodies: Amable in the south; Cuatro Esquinas in the center; and Filo Federico
in the north. The Argenta ore body is a small satellite deposit located approximately five
kilometres to the southeast of the Veladero deposit.
A variety of volcanic explosion breccias and tuffs are the principal host rocks at Cuatro
Esquinas and Filo Federico, where alteration consists of intense silicification. The Amable ore
body is hosted within bedded pyroclastic breccias and tuffs which are affected by silicification
and advanced argillic alteration. Much of the Veladero deposit is covered by approximately
40 m of overburden and the overburden in some areas is up to 170 m thick. The colluvium is
generally uncemented.
The water table at Veladero is deep, and is below the projected pit bottom elevation. There is
also no known significant groundwater within the colluvial cover. The simplified lithology in the
deposit area is shown in Figure 7-2.
Legend:
Hydrotermal Bxas
Pyroclastic
Felsic Tuffs
Porphyry
Mafic Tuff
Dioritic
Colluvium
A2”
Figure 7-2
ALTERATION
The alteration assemblage is typical of high sulphidation deposits with a silica core grading
outward into silica/alunite and then argillic alteration. The gold mineralization is dominantly
associated with the silicified core, which is composed of silica, hematite, goethite, and jarosite.
Minor sulphide mineralization is present at less than one percent concentrations.
There are three main sectors, Amable in the south, Cuatro Esquinas in the centre, and Filo
Federico to the north. The more recently discovered Argenta ore body represents a separate
satellite sector located approximately five kilometres to the southeast of Amable. A variety of
volcanic explosion breccias and tuffs are the principal host rocks at Federico and Cuatro
Esquinas where alteration consists of intense silicification. Amable is hosted within bedded
pyroclastic breccias and tuffs which are affected by both silicification and advanced argillic
alteration. The intense silicification may be vuggy to massive. The surrounding country rocks
are normally composed of argillically or propylitically altered intermediate volcanic flows,
domes, and volcaniclastic sediments.
The simplified alteration distribution in the deposit area is shown in Figure 7-3.
Legend:
Silicification
Silica-Alunite
Alunite-Silica
Argilic
Steam-Heated
Colluvium
A2”
Figure 7-3
MINERALIZATION
Precious metal mineralization at Veladero is controlled by stratigraphy, structural trends, and
elevation. Disseminated gold mineralization forms a 400 m to 700 m wide by three kilometre
long tabular blanket localized between the 3,950 m and 4,400 m elevations. Veladero has
been separated into three main sectors, Amable in the south, Cuatro Esquinas in the centre
and Filo Federico to the north (Figure 7-4). All sectors of the deposit are characterized by the
same high sulphidation style of mineralization.
The mineralized envelope encompassing greater than 0.2 g/t Au is oriented along a 345°-
trending regional structural corridor. The mineralization is dominantly hosted in the diatreme
breccias along the fault-bounded northwest trend. Within this trend, higher grade mineralized
shoots, averaging approximately 4 g/t Au but with one metre values up to 100 g/t, with lengths
of 300 m to 500 m, form along northeast striking structural trends and are surrounded by a
halo of lower grade mineralization ranging between 0.1 g/t Au and 1.0 g/t Au.
A mostly barren zone approximately 300 m long occurs between Amable and Cuatro Esquinas.
From Cuatro Esquinas north through Filo Federico, the gold mineralization envelope is
continuous. The Veladero ore envelope lacks recognized roots or high-grade feeder conduits
at depth, and exhibits no evidence for significant supergene enrichment of metals (Barrick,
2005).
A plan view showing the grade times thickness (GT) is provided in Figure 7-5.
N
FILO FEDERICO
2017
Surface
Reserve Pit
Design
CUATRO ESQUINAS
Au (g/t Au)
< 0.10
Resources 0.10 - 0.19
Shell 0.19 - 0.34
0.34 - 0.60
0.60 - 1.00
1.00 - 2.50
2.50 - 5.00
> 5.00
AMABLE
A2”
Figure 7-4
FEDERICO
Filo Filo
Mario Federico
CUATRO ESQUINAS
593
Zone
Agostina
AMABLE
203
Zone
Main
Zone
Figure 7-5
GT (g/t metres)
25 - 50
Barrick Gold Corporation
50 - 100 0 250 500 750 1000
100 - 200
200 - 250
Metres Veladero Mine
250 - 500
San Juan Province, Argentina
500 - 2500 Grade Thickness Map
7-9
www.rpacan.com
The approximate deposit dimensions and depths below surface are summarized in Table 7-1.
Gold mineralization can be hosted by any kind of rock at Veladero, including overburden and
steam-heat altered lithologies. Principal host rocks are hydrothermal breccias and felsic tuffs
at Filo Federico and Cuatro Esquinas, and pyroclastic breccias and felsic to intermediate tuffs
at Amable. Main-stage introduction of gold clearly is younger than diatreme eruption, acid
leaching, and major stages of silicification and fracturing. It accompanied or closely followed
hypogene deposition of iron oxides and jarosite. Principal controls on localization of gold
mineralization are structurally-induced open spaces (fracture zones, structural intersections),
favourable host rocks, brecciation, alteration, and elevation.
Gold occurs at Veladero as minute native grains disseminated along fracture surfaces, and
usually it is associated with silicification and hematite, goethite, or jarosite. Trace gold telluride
minerals have been identified petrographically, but are not significant. Gold grains have been
found encapsulated by quartz overgrowths, and also by jarosite. Megascopic gold grains up
to one millimetre in size have been recovered from a number of drill holes, but most Veladero
gold is less than 50 microns in size. Metallographic studies indicate that the gold contains
some silver and that the overall gold purity or millesimal fineness is approximately 800 to 900.
Amable and Cuatro Esquinas contain zones in which gold has been found disseminated and
encapsulated within silica or remnant sulphides at grain sizes of five microns or less.
Contrastingly, the gold mineralization in Filo Federico and Filo Mario consists mainly of gold
grains located primarily on particle surfaces or fracture planes, possibly suggesting gold
emplacement in two separate events (SNCL, 2002).
Silver values are consistently anomalous at Veladero. The principal silver-bearing mineral is
acanthite (silver sulphide). In addition, grains of native silver, silver chloride, and a silver-
bearing telluride have been identified in thin sections. Within the ore zone, silver and gold
exhibit different distributions: some silver mineralization correlates with gold (Ag:Au ratios
generally less 20:1); some silver has no associated gold; and some gold has little to no
associated silver. These observations of silver and gold distributions suggest multiple events
of precious metal mineralization (Barrick, 2005).
Silver is present as sub five micron size mineralization most typically as silver sulphide, silver
chloride (cerargyrite), and native silver with all forms present with varying levels of silica
encapsulation.
Goethite, hematite, and jarosite are the dominant gangue minerals in the Veladero ore bodies,
occurring as earthy to crystalline fracture coatings, vug linings, breccia matrices, and
disseminations. Jarosite is more abundant in the Amable sector, while hematite and goethite
predominate at Filo Federico.
Sulphide mineralization within the deposit is negligible, with overall abundances of less than
one percent. Pyrite is the most common sulphide mineral, and locally may reach three percent.
Where present, it occurs as fine disseminations encapsulated by or intergrown with quartz,
and is not known to be associated with gold. Other metallic sulphides identified in thin sections
are chalcopyrite, sphalerite, bornite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, cinnabar, and molybdenite; all
are volumetrically insignificant.
Trace element analytical results are available from five metre downhole sample composites
from 109 drill holes distributed across the Amable, Cuatro Esquinas, and Filo Federico sectors
(Table 7-2). Of the nine elements analyzed, mercury is the most anomalous, followed by
arsenic. Trace element geochemistry shows broad, strongly anomalous concentrations of
arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and lead in the Amable sector. Mercury is anomalous throughout
the property, with highest concentrations at Filo Federico, where mercury exceeds 10 ppm
over broad areas. In this sector mercury shows a strong correlation with a strongly silicified
felsic tuff unit (Barrick, 2005).
Bi Cu Hg Mn Mo Pb Sb Zn
As (ppm)
(ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
Mean 216.2 18.72 19.85 8.43 71.53 12.2 152.21 25.83 14.36
Median 71 4.6 13 1.92 51 10 62 7.7 7
Std Dev 687.56 80.54 66.26 58.31 208.76 9.85 302.52 82.07 37.65
Range 9,999.5 1,999.9 3,850.5 3,802 6,594 270.5 9,999 1,999.9 959.5
Minimum 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.01 2 0.5 1 0.1 0.5
Maximum 10,000 2,000 3,851 3,802 6,596 271 10,000 2,000 960
8 DEPOSIT TYPES
The Veladero deposit is a high sulphidation epithermal gold-silver deposit hosted by
volcaniclastic sediments, tuffs, and volcanic breccias related to a Miocene diatreme-dome
complex. Hydrothermal alteration is typical of high sulphidation gold deposits, with a silicified
core grading outward into advanced argillic alteration, then into peripheral argillic and propylitic
alteration haloes. Gold occurs as fine native grains, and is dominantly associated with
silicification and with iron oxide or iron sulfate fracture coatings. Silver mineralization is distinct
from gold, and occurs as a broader, more diffuse envelope, probably representing a separate
mineralizing event. Copper and other base metals are insignificant, and sulphide
mineralization is negligible. Principal controls on gold mineralization are structures,
brecciation, alteration, host rocks, and elevation (Barrick, 2005).
9 EXPLORATION
The major exploration programs took place prior to the completion of the feasibility study in
2002. The original drilling program targeted structural intersections with surface geochemical
anomalies (involving rock chip, soil, and screened talus sampling) that were coincident with
Controlled-Source-Audio-Frequency-Magneto-Telluric (CSAMT) resistivity highs and
magnetic lows.
Since 2002, additional exploration and infill drilling has been completed. More drilling is
planned to explore some gaps that still remain on the mining concessions. The geology team
is developing a long-term exploration plan focused on the Argentine side of the El Indio Gold
Belt. The regional exploration team’s knowledge and experience developing exploration target
criteria is being transferred to the Veladero geology team. The mine geological information
will be combined with regional exploration models to define new areas of interest that are most
likely to succeed.
10 DRILLING
The resource model is based on data available up to February 2017. A small number of drill
holes that were drilled after this date, have not been included in the resource model, however,
such drill holes would not have a material impact on the resource model. The data includes
1,331 drill holes totalling 340,977 m and 490 underground chip-face and wall traverse samples
totalling 4,195 m (Table 10-1). Over 95% of the drilling and chip samples summarized in Table
10-1 have gold and silver assays available. A drill hole plan is provided in Figure 10-1.
Examples of drill cross sections are provided in Section 14.
Over 80% of the drilling was by reverse circulation (RC) and the balance was diamond drill
holes (DDH). Approximately 28 DDHs totalling 5,675 m were drilled from an underground
exploration drift in 2002 and 2003. Most of the surface diamond drill holes and RC holes were
drilled at steeply inclined orientations toward the west or the southeast.
RC holes were drilled using 5¼ in. to 6 in. tricone bits, and all diamond drill holes were collared
using HQ, HQ2, or HQ3 size tools. Some core holes were reduced to NQ diameter when
conditions warranted. Many of the deeper diamond drill holes incorporated RC pre-collars,
especially in areas of thick overburden. Hole lengths ranged from 20 m to 601 m. The
abundance of intense silicification and fractured/brecciated ground at Veladero resulted in slow
drilling progress, low bit life, and high per-metre drill costs. Core drilling averaged only 17 m
advance per 24-hour day, and RC progress averaged approximately 52 m per day.
Drill hole spacing varies across the deposit. In the central portions of the Amable and Filo
Federico pits average drill hole spacing is in the range of 35 m to 40 m, increasing outwards
to 50 m to 90 m spacing, and increasing to approximately 100 m to 120 m spacing toward the
peripheries of the orebodies. Condemnation holes outside mineralized areas are drilled on
approximately 400 m centres to sterilize waste dump areas and other infrastructure sites.
Approximately two DDHs and 18 RC drill holes totalling 3,510 m were completed in 2016. The
next resource model will be updated with a small amount of drilling that was completed in 2017
after the February 2017 data cut-off date.
FedericoTunnel Federico
Cuatro
Esquinas
Amable
Amable Tunnel
Figure 10-1
Sanfurgo (2004) found that the RC gold and silver grades decreased at lower RC sample
recoveries at Amable and to a lesser degree at Filo Federico. Screen tests have found that
most of the gold is contained in the fine fractions and that there is a direct relationship between
gold grades and fracture intensity. The results suggested that the RC gold and silver grades
might be understated at Amable and Filo Federico.
RPA concludes that there is a possibility that both the core and RC gold and silver grades may
be biased low. Veladero has developed a new blast hole sampling procedure that should
result in more representative samples with higher proportions of fines that may yield slightly
higher grades compared to the existing blast hole methodology. The new blast hole sampling
procedure has not been implemented yet.
Drill core was sampled on nominal one metre intervals, depending on geologic conditions. The
maximum length for individual samples from drill core is two metres. Core was cut in half using
a water-cooled diamond saw; half was bagged and submitted for assay, and half was retained
for reference or for metallurgical sampling.
The 509 m long Amable decline and the 638 m long Filo Federico decline generated 5,150 m
of chip samples from the workings, mostly from one metre long horizontal cuts from each rib
and face, taken with a pneumatic chipping hammer. Muck piles from every round of decline
advance were grab-sampled, generating 7,181 individual samples. The muck samples were
not used for the resource estimate.
Blast hole samples are taken with a shovel from channels cut on both sides of the blast hole
cuttings pile after the over-drill material is scraped off. Approximately 12 kg of blast hole
material is sent to the mine laboratory. The drills have skirts and loss of fines during strong
winds is not a significant issue because the drills use some water, which holds the cuttings
together in a semi-frozen state. The blast hole data are not used for the resource model,
except to periodically update the gold grade envelope and geology wireframes.
RPA is of the opinion that the core, RC, underground chip, and blast hole sampling procedures
at Veladero are reasonable.
Beginning in January 2000 Bondar-Clegg in Coquimbo, Chile (and its successor company,
ALS Chemex) was contracted as the primary laboratory to replace CIMM, and subsequent RC,
core, and rock chip samples were prepared at an on-site facility. The entire RC sample interval
(or half core for diamond drill hole samples) was delivered to the preparation laboratory for
weighing, drying at 60°C, and splitting to 8 kg to 10 kg representing approximately 25% of
original RC sample weights. The coarse rejects were stored at Veladero, and the 25% splits
were Rhino-crushed to 90% -10 mesh, then split again to obtain a 1.0 kg sample. This sample
was sent to Mendoza for oven-drying at 60°C, followed by pulverizing to 95% -150 mesh, and
riffle-splitting to a 250 g pulp for assay. In 2010, Acme Analytical Laboratories S.A. (Acme) in
Santiago, Chile, was selected as the primary assay laboratory. Since 2012, SGS has prepared
samples at its on-site sample preparation facility and the samples have been analyzed at the
SGS laboratory in San Juan.
The drill core, field duplicates, and reject material are stored at very well organized and secure
locations on site and in San Juan. The 250 g pulps are placed in small plastic screw-top
containers and stored in 45 gal drums.
Veladero’s standard assay protocol for drill samples and rock chips involves initial assaying
for gold by fire assay fusion of a 50 g pulp and analysis by atomic absorption (AA). Results
are reported in ppm, with a lower detection limit of 0.005 ppm Au. For silver, 4-acid (“total”)
Any samples reporting initial results greater than 3 ppm Au or 50 ppm Ag are re-analyzed for
the overlimit element using 50 g fire assay fusion and a gravimetric finish. The detection limits
for gravimetric fire assays are 0.1 ppm for gold and 0.35 ppm for silver.
Ten-element geochemical analyses are made of composited drill samples, with 10 g of sample
pulp composited from each of five one-metre drill samples. The pulp composite is
homogenized and then analyzed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Mo by ICP methods. Mercury is
determined by cold-vapor analysis, and As, Bi, and Sb are determined by hydride generation.
Through 2003, drill samples grading greater than 0.4 ppm Au had six-hour cyanide solubility
shake tests for gold and silver performed on a 20 g split of the sample pulp.
Analytical results are received from the laboratory in an electronic format and are entered
directly into the acQuire database without external manipulations.
CIMM, acquired by SGS in 2012, and Bondar-Clegg (ALS Chemex) have been the project’s
principal analytical laboratories. Both SGS and ALS Chemex ISO are ISO 9001:2015
accredited laboratories. Miscellaneous analytical work and check assays on drill samples have
been performed by other laboratories including Alex Stewart, ALS Chemex/Geolab,
Geoanalítica, SGS Lakefield, McClelland, and Verilab. All laboratories are independent of
Shandong and Barrick. Since 2012, the samples have been analyzed at the SGS laboratory
in San Juan.
Rock chip and drill samples are delivered by MAGSRL personnel to the on-site sample
preparation facilities where SGS assumes sample custody.
The blast hole samples are prepared and assayed at the Veladero mine laboratory, which is a
clean, modern, and well-equipped laboratory with a Laboratory Information Management
System (LIMS) and good internal Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) and reporting
procedures. The blast hole samples are crushed to 90% -10 mesh and pulverized to 95% -
200 mesh. The samples are analyzed for gold by fire assay fusion of a 40 g pulp and analysis
by AA. For silver, four-acid (“total”) digestion of a 1 g pulp is accomplished, followed by AA
analysis. Any samples reporting initial results greater than 4 ppm Au or 100 ppm Ag are re-
analyzed for the overlimit element using a gravimetric finish.
Based on several site visits and review of protocols and procedures at Veladero, RPA is of the
opinion that the sample preparation, analytical protocols, and security measures are very good
and exceed industry standard practice. Essentially all of the resource related samples have
been assayed at well-known, independent and accredited laboratories.
Blanks consist of crushed barren material, and are inserted every 40th sample. If assay results
for a blank sample show anomalous gold or silver, the lab re-assays all samples for the batch
containing that blank. One in 30 samples is a duplicate, which is inserted at varied frequency
so that it is blind to the laboratory. If duplicate results do not agree within acceptable limits
(usually ±20%), all samples in that batch are re-run.
Six internal reference standard pulps prepared from Veladero material cover a range of grades
and are used to monitor laboratory accuracy. As with duplicates, if the laboratory’s result for
a standard falls outside of established control limits, all samples from that batch are re-
assayed. Standard pulps are submitted at a frequency of one in every 30 samples.
One in every 20 crushed samples is checked for granulometry to assure 90% passing 10
mesh, and one in 20 pulps is also checked to meet the standard of 95% passing 150 mesh.
Ten percent of all samples analyzed at the primary laboratory (Bondar-Clegg/ALS Chemex)
are re-assayed at a second laboratory during or following a drill campaign, as an independent
check on accuracy of the primary laboratory.
A detailed quality control report is prepared at least annually, or after each major sampling
program is completed. This report includes control charts and discussions of QC results for
the current reporting period.
Barry Smee completed annual QA/QC audits of Veladero’s sampling and assaying from 1998
through 2002. During 2003 the Veladero database was reviewed in conjunction with resource
and reserve audits completed by Resource Evaluation Inc. and by Micon International Ltd.,
respectively.
The overall sampling and analytical precision for the exploration samples is approximately 10%
at the 0.5 g/t Au concentration (Smee, 2001 and 2002). This is very good for a gold deposit
and suggests that most of the gold is very fine grained and homogeneously distributed. The
standards and external check assay data reveal no significant analytical biases for the
resource related samples.
The Veladero mine laboratory has been in operation since November 2004. All of the blast
hole samples are assayed at the mine laboratory, which has its own QA/QC program. A review
of the laboratory by Lynda Bloom of Analytical Solutions Ltd. (ASL) in June 2005 found that it
was a well-designed facility with sample preparation, analytical and QC procedures properly
implemented (ASL, 2005). Procedures were well-documented and were standard industry
practice for gold analyses. The highlights of the laboratory review included:
4. The laboratory scored 93% on the ASL laboratory audit form, which is a favourable
high score.
ASL reviewed the mine laboratory again in December 2006. Accuracy, precision, and other
minor problems with the mine laboratory were recognized by Barrick personnel in 2006 and
confirmed by Harwardt (2006) and ASL (2006). Barrick implemented a number of procedural
changes in 2006 and the mine laboratory assays generally improved in 2007.
The QA/QC protocols and results were also reviewed by Scott Wilson RPA in 2007 (Scott
Wilson RPA, 2008). The mine laboratory internal reference standard results provided to Scott
Wilson RPA for 2007 indicated that the mine laboratory gold assays were accurate and
generally unbiased. The acQuire database manager produces monthly and quarterly QA/QC
reports. A quick visual review of the mine laboratory control charts from 2011 to 2017 by RPA
revealed no significant problems.
RPA is of the opinion that the QA/QC practices at Veladero for exploration and production
samples are acceptable and exceed industry standards.
12 DATA VERIFICATION
The Veladero resource database is regularly validated by MAGSRL staff using data validation
modules of Vulcan and Gemcom software programs to identify any inconsistencies or logical
errors in the data. Mine staff also visually check the drill hole data on-screen on a regular
basis. Outside auditors perform spot checks on the electronic database, sample submittal
documents, QA/QC records, signed analytical certificates, drill logs, and other geologic records
to identify errors, inconsistencies, or statistical anomalies.
As part of his annual audits of the Veladero sampling and QA/QC program, Dr. Barry Smee
performed a spot check of data in the electronic database and the signed analytical certificates,
and did not find any discrepancies. He also checked sample tag numbers in the original
sample books and found good correlation with sample numbers listed in the electronic
database.
Smee (2001) states that a random selection of 18 Bondar Clegg assay certificates representing
approximately 1,000 samples, or 1.5%, of the total 2000 and 2001 samples was compared to
the master database values. No differences or errors were noticed between the two data sets.
During the 2003 resource audit, Resource Evaluation Inc. (REI) checked 5% of the Veladero
assay intervals, comparing assay certificates with the electronic database, and found an error
incidence of less than 0.5%, which is acceptable. REI did find an overall truncation of the third
decimal place reported on some gold assays in the electronic database; this introduced a very
slight degree of conservatism, less than one percent, into the raw assay data. This problem
was related to incorrect export-import settings and not the master database. This problem was
corrected and the entire database was re-checked according to Barrick (2005), specifically
seeking any other errors in data formatting. No additional problems were found.
In 2007, RPA checked the electronic copies of the drill logs, assay certificates, and downhole
survey data for holes DDH073 and RC628 drilled in 2005, RC660 drilled in 2006, and RC738
drilled in 2007 with the master database, and found essentially no errors. Only one minor data
entry number reversal, related to the second and third decimals of the northing coordinate for
hole DDH073, was found. RPA also used a number of Access queries, the Gemcom database
validation routine, and visual checks and found essentially no database validation problems,
which is remarkable considering the database size.
AcQuire software has been used for blast hole data management since 2004. In July 2011,
the exploration data was migrated to AcQuire. An electronic comparison confirmed no
differences with the previous master database in MS Access. In addition, all of the collar
coordinates for holes drilled since 2005 were verified by the mine surveyor (Vildozo, 2011) and
the assays in 32 drill holes drilled from 1995 to 2004 were checked against the assay
certificates and no errors were found (Berbe, 2011).
In June 2016, RPA used assay certificates to carry out spot checks on the assay data in
AcQuire and found no errors.
RPA is of the opinion that the drill hole database is acceptable to support resource and reserve
estimation work.
During operation of the Veladero Mine, frequent samples have been taken of ore being placed
on the leach pad and tested to confirm that the recovery has not changed over time. Bottle
roll tests are conducted for 96 hours and column tests run for 30 days. Over time, the tests
have shown excellent correlations with the recovery curves from the 60 day leach cycle on the
heap leach pad. Metallurgical characteristics vary with gold grade, ore type, and whether the
ore is crushed (CRUSH) or run-of-mine (ROM). The Type 2 ore is characterized by an increase
in the proportion of finely disseminated gold within silica, and a predominance of fine grained
acanthite (silver sulphide) within silica that limits the recovery of gold and silver relative to Type
1 ore. Consequently, recovery is lower for Type 2 ore. The recovery equations currently used
at Veladero are summarized in Table 13-1. The Amable and Argenta pits are mined out, so
the associated recovery equations have not been included.
Silver recovery is estimated to be 10.6% for Filo Federico Type 1 and Type 2 CRUSH ores;
ROM ore silver recovery is assumed to be zero for both Type 1 and Type 2.
RPA evaluated production for 2016 and 2017. A summary of the evaluation is provided in
Table 13-2.
Total placed ore was below budget in 2016, with a variance of -5%. This was primarily due to
the temporary suspension of heap leach operations in September, as a result of a damaged
pipe.
Total placed ore for 2017 was approximately 4% below budget, however, the CRUSH
component was in line with budget levels.
Leach Pad gold inventory has increased from approximately 252,000 ounces in 2016 to
336,000 ounces as of December 31, 2017.
2017 2016
Actual Budget Variance Actual Budget Variance
Crushing Plant and Leach Pad
CRUSH Ore (dmt) 26,515,006 26,494,525 0.08% 24,350,138 27,078,389 -10.08%
CRUSH Ore Au (g/t) 1.06 1.19 -10.44% 0.86 0.93 -7.90%
CRUSH Ore Ag (g/t) 12.8 13.8 -6.73% 11.8 11.2 4.95%
ROM Ore (dmt) 1,605,132 3,429,885 -53.20% 3,675,997 2,443,346 50.45%
ROM Ore Au (g/t) 0.33 0.36 -9.77% 0.42 0.27 55.47%
ROM Ore Ag (g/t) 8.8 7.4 18.85% 4.5 4.5 -1.64%
Total Ore Placed (dmt) 28,848,621 29,924,410 -3.60% 28,028,112 29,521,736 -5.06%
Placed contained Au (g/t) 1.02 1.09 -7.12% 0.80 0.88 -8.70%
Placed contained Ag (g/t) 12.6 13.0 -3.55% 10.8 10.6 1.40%
Placed contained Au (oz) 942,169 1,052,274 -10.46% 723,654 834,884 -13.32%
Placed Recoverable Au (oz) 725,003 800,537 -9.44% 561,328 660,755 -15.05%
Placed contained Ag (oz) 11,654,325 12,534,334 -7.02% 9,730,482 10,107,276 -3.73%
Placed Recoverable Ag (oz) 1,175,373 1,405,985 -16.40% 975,499 1,170,087 -16.63%
Merrill Crowe Plant
Feed Volume (m3) 20,270,856 24,069,925 -15.78% 23,212,257 23,393,778 -0.78%
Pregnant Solution Au Grade 1.04 1.09 -5.06% 0.76 0.91 -16.38%
Barren Solution Au Grade 0.02 0.03 -32.53% 0.04 0.03 18.61%
Refinery
Total Production Au (oz) 641,103 820,542 -21.87% 544,155 683,924 -20.44%
Total Production Ag (oz) 835,863 1,556,468 -46.30% 1,526,825 1,162,755 31.31%
Leach Pad Inventory
Au (oz) 336,310 252,410
Recovery
Gold 77.0% 77.6%
Silver 11.3% 11.3%
Mercury
Production(kg) 54,469 134,186
Sales(kg) 56,973 0
Table 13-3 sets out actual production over the last five years, showing the general consistency
in production figures. The operation has done well to maintain its consistent output.
RPA is not aware of any processing factors or deleterious elements that could have a
significant effect on potential economic extraction.
In RPA’s opinion, there is reasonable potential to achieve the Transition Period production.
The Transition Period production is not included in the current Mineral Reserve estimate.
Notes:
1. CIM (2014) definitions were followed for Mineral Resources.
2. Mineral Resources are estimated as of December 31, 2017 using a gold price of US$1,500 per ounce, a
silver price of US$20.50 per ounce, and a US$:ARG exchange rate of 1.00:20.0.
3. Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.
4. Mineral Resources are estimated at economic cut-off values that vary by material type and are
approximately equivalent to 0.14 g/t Au for Type 1 mineralization and 0.26 g/t Au for Type 2
mineralization.
5. Mineral Resources are constrained by a Whittle pit shell.
6. Mineral Resources are exclusive of Mineral Reserves.
7. Numbers may not add due to rounding.
Silver recoveries are very low at Veladero due to a predominance of fine grained acanthite
(silver sulphide), so silver is not considered for the resource and reserve cut-off grades. The
cut-off grade estimates vary by material type and pit. There are no reserves and resources
remaining at Amable and Argenta because these areas have been mined out. The Amable pit
is currently being backfilled with waste rock. Most of the remaining resources are from Filo
Federico Type 1 material. The ROM material is blasted material that is trucked directly to the
VLF and the CRUSH material passes through the two stage crushing circuit first.
The resource estimate economic cut-off values are equivalent to gold cut-off grades of
approximately 0.14 g/t for Type 1 mineralization and 0.26 g/t for Type 2 mineralization.
The resource model was prepared in December 2017, using all of the drill holes available up
to February 2017, by MAGSRL Resource Geologist Sebastian Juarez under the supervision
of Barrick Senior Manager Reserves and Resources, Benjamin Sanfurgo.
RPA reviewed the resource assumptions, input parameters, geological interpretation, and
block modelling procedures and is of the opinion that the Mineral Resource estimate is
appropriate for the style of mineralization and the resource model is reasonable and
acceptable to support the December 31, 2017 Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve
estimates.
RPA is not aware of any environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-economic,
marketing, political, or other modifying factors that could materially affect the Mineral Resource
and Mineral Reserve estimates as of the date of this report, other than production depletion as
set forth in the LOM production schedule.
GEOLOGICAL MODELS
The Veladero geology department has developed a very good understanding of the Veladero
geology. Geological models were constructed to provide geologic control for grade estimation
and to provide parameters for mine planning. Geology models for lithology, alteration, sub-
zones, and structural domains were built using Leapfrog and Vulcan software. The main faults
have also been modelled for the current resource and a detailed 3D structural model has been
incorporated into the 2017 resource model.
Interpretations were made by mine geology personnel on 50 m cross sections looking east-
west for the lithology model and on 25 m cross sections looking east-west for the alteration
model. Lines and control points based on the exploration drill holes, blast holes, and pit
mapping were used in Leapfrog to create 3D geological wireframes.
The wireframes built for the main lithological, alteration, and sub-zone domains are listed in
Tables 14-2, 14-3, and 14-4, respectively. These wireframes were used to assign codes to
the block model.
Code Description
1 Stratified Pyroclastic Rocks and Epiclastic Sediments (B1)
2 Non-stratified Heterolithic Phreatomagmatic Intrusion Breccias (B2)
3 Felsic Crystal - Lithic Tuffs (Dacites-Rhyolites) (FCLT)
4 Feldspar Porphyry Intrusions and Domes (FP)
5 Mafic Crystal - Lithic Tuffs (MCLT)
6 Fine-grained Equigranular Diorite (DIF)
7 No Code
8 Colluvium (Co)
Code Description
1 Silica (Si)
2 Silica-alunite (QAL)
3 Alunite-silica (ALQ)
4 Quartz-illite (QILL)
5 Argillite (Arg)
6 Propylitic (PP)
7 Steam Heat (StHt)
71 Weak Steam Heat (WStHt)
8 Colluvium (Co)
9 Vuggy silica (SR)
10 Opaline silica (OS)
Code Description
1 Filo Norte (FN)
2 Filo Mario (FM)
3 Filo Federico (FF)
4 Cuatro Esquinas (CE)
5 593
6 Amable (AM)
7 Este (E)
8 Agostina Sur (AS)
9 Agostina (AG)
10 Amable Este (AME)
Veladero has two main zones, Filo Federico (sub-zones 1, 2, 3, and 4) and Amable (sub-zones
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10). The lithological, alteration, and sub-zone models are shown in Figures
14-1, 14-2, and 14-3, respectively.
The deposit has been divided into eight structural domains that are used to improve the local
search ellipsoid orientations (Figure 14-4).
1000 metres
N
N FP
6,753,000 FCLT
B2
Dif
N
6,752,000
FCLT
Co
FCLT
N
6,751,000
B1
MCLT
MCLT
N
6,750,000 FP FCLT
N
6,749,000
2,408,0
2,407,0
00 E
2,406,0
00 E
00 E
14-5
www.rpacan.com
1000 metres
N
6,753,000 N
StHt
Strong
6,752,000 N SR
Si QILL
StHt
Weak
6,751,000 N PP
N QAL ALQ
6,750,000
Arg
2,409,0
6,749,000 N
2,408,0
2,407,0
00 E
00 E
2,406,0
00 E
00 E
Figure 14-2
Alteration:
Barrick Gold Corporation
Si Silica Arg Argillite
QAL Silica-alunite PP Propylitic
ALQ Alunite-silica StHt
Veladero Mine
Steam Heat
QILL
San Juan Province, Argentina
Quartz-illite SR Vuggy silica
Alteration Domains
14-6
www.rpacan.com
6,754,000 N
Filo Norte
6,753,000 N
Filo Mario
inas Este
E squ
u a tro 593
C 6,751,000 N
Agostina
Amable
Amable Este
Agostina
Sur
6,749,000 N
2,405,000E
2,406,000E
2,407,000E
2,408,000E
2,409,000E
2,410,000E
0 250 500 750 1000
Metres
Figure 14-3
Veladero Mine
San Juan Province, Argentina
Sub-Zone Domains
14-7
www.rpacan.com
6,754,000 N
N
Dominio 1
inio 2
6,753,000 N
Dom
Dominio 3
6,752,000 N Dominio 4
nio 5
Domi
6,751,000 N
7
io
Dominio 6
in
m
Do
Dominio 8
6,750,000 N
6,749,000 N
2,409,000 E
2,408,000 E
2,407,000 E
2,406,000 E
2,405,000 E
Figure 14-4
Veladero Mine
San Juan Province, Argentina
Structural Domains
14-8
www.rpacan.com
GEOLOGICAL DOMAINS
The main mineralization controls are the alteration and sub-zone domains. The mineralization
typically cross-cuts the interpreted lithological boundaries, except for colluvium and steam
heat. The steam heat and opaline silica are mostly a barren post-mineralization alteration
overprint. The base of the colluvium is mostly barren, however, it can host some mineralized
fragments that are of economic interest locally.
The alteration codes are grouped into four simplified alteration domains which are listed below:
The distinction between silica-alunite and alunite-silica alteration has no impact on grade
interpolation, but has a significant impact on pit slope angles. The weak steam heat alteration
domain was added in 2015 for geotechnical reasons.
In order of decreasing importance, silicification, quartz-alunite, and alunite-quartz are the key
alteration types associated with the mineralization. Based on the drill hole database alteration
codes, approximately 76% of the total metres drilled are situated in the silicification-advanced
argillic domain, approximately 4% are situated in the argillic propylitic domain, approximately
1% are located in the steam heat domain, 7% are in colluvium, and approximately 11% have
no alteration codes available.
GRADE DOMAINS
The drill hole and blast hole data are used to build 3D envelopes at 0.2 g/t Au and 25 g/t Ag
from five metre bench contours. A separate lower grade indicator envelope was created based
on blocks with a greater than 50% probability of grading over 0.1 g/t Au because the lowest
cut-off grade in the past was lower than the 0.2 g/t Au envelope. In addition, a separate higher
grade indicator envelope was created based on blocks with a greater than 50% probability of
grading over 0.6 g/t Au. This resulted in four grade domains (Figure 14-5) and they were used
to assign codes to the block model (Table 14-5).
Code Description
0 Barren (<0.1 g/t Au)
1 Low Grade (0.1 to 0.2 g/t Au)
2 Medium Grade (0.2 to 0.6 g/t Au)
3 High Grade (>0.6 g/t Au)
The High Grade domain was treated as a hard boundary whereby only composites located in
the High Grade domain were used to interpolate blocks situated in the High Grade domain.
The Medium Grade domain blocks were interpolated using a semi-soft boundary whereby the
composites from the High Grade and Medium Grade domains were allowed to target Medium
Grade domain blocks. The Low Grade domain blocks were interpolated using a number of
boundary conditions ranging from soft to hard. The composite selection boundaries are
specified in a subsequent table. MAGSRL continues to investigate and implement changes to
the interpolation parameters and boundary conditions to further improve the reconciliation
results.
2017
Surface
FILO FEDERICO
Resources
Shell
Reserve Pit
Design
AMABLE
14-11
www.rpacan.com
METALLURGICAL DOMAINS
The metallurgical recoveries model was updated in November 2008. It is based on bottle roll
tests realized by MLI laboratory and internal tests at Veladero for Filo Federico Type 1 material.
All other metallurgical types maintain the 2002 metallurgical recovery model. Metallurgical
recoveries vary with gold grade and metallurgical type (Section 13, Table 13-1). Silver
recovery is very low and estimated to be 6.5% for Filo Federico Type 1 and Type 2
mineralization and 9.0% for Amable Type 1 and Type 2 mineralization. Metallurgical
characteristics depend on mineralogy. In particular, Type 2 is characterized by an increase in
the proportion of finely disseminated gold within silica, and a predominance of fine grained
acanthite (silver sulphide) within silica that limits the recovery of gold and silver relative to Type
1 ore. Consequently, recovery is lower for Type 2 mineralization. Figure 14-6 shows the
spatial distribution for Type 2 mineralization at Filo Federico.
Type 2
FEDERICO
Federico Pit
Type 2
Figure 14-6
Veladero Mine
0 250 500 750 1000 San Juan Province, Argentina
Metres Type 2 Metallurgical Domain
14-13
www.rpacan.com
DENSITY DATA
Tonnage factors are assigned based on the main alteration units (Table 14-6). All blocks in
the silicified alteration domain are assigned a tonnage factor of 2.47 t/m³. All blocks in the
silica-alunite and alunite-silica domains are assigned a tonnage factor of 2.36 t/m³. The
tonnage factor for these alteration domains is lower because of the higher clay and vuggy silica
content. All of the blocks related to the weaker alteration domains are assigned 2.45 t/m³. The
steam-heated alteration blocks are assigned 2.10 t/m³ and the colluvium blocks are assigned
2.00 t/m³.
The tonnage factors are based on over one thousand density tests available up to the end of
2009. RPA is of the opinion that the current tonnage factors are reasonable.
CUT-OFF GRADES
The resource economic cut-off values are based on a US$1,500/oz gold price and the cost,
recovery, and other parameters discussed in Section 15 Mineral Reserves. The cut-off grade
(COG) estimates vary by material type and pit. Most of the resources are from Filo Federico
Type 1 material. The ROM material is blasted material that is trucked directly to VLF and the
CRUSH material passes through the two stage crushing circuit first. The resource and reserve
COG estimate details for Filo Federico are very well documented in Romeu (2017).
The resource estimate gold COGs for Filo Federico are equivalent to approximately 0.14 g/t
and 0.50 g/t for Type 1 ROM and CRUSH material, respectively, and approximately 0.36 g/t
and 0.26 g/t for Type 2 ROM and CRUSH material, respectively. The Type 2 COG for CRUSH
material is lower than that for ROM material because the gold recoveries are higher for the
CRUSH material. RPA is of the opinion that the resource COGs are estimated according to
standard industry practice.
ASSAY STATISTICS
The assay statistics for gold are summarized in Table 14-7 and shown as boxplots in Figure
14-7. The statistics for Filo Federico (Norte) and Amable (Sur) are grouped by alteration types.
The gold assays for 354,594 m of drilling with grades greater than 0.0001 g/t average 0.38 g/t,
have a standard deviation (SD) of 2.54, and have a very high coefficient of variation (CV) equal
to 6.63.
0.45
100.00
0.4
.
0.35
10.00
Gold Grade (g/tn)
0.3
% Meters
1.00 0.25
0.2
0.10
0.15
0.1
0.01
0.05
0.00 0
A_ARG
A_PROP
A_SR
F_ARG
F_PROP
F_SR
NO Data
A_STH
F_ ALSI
F_STH
OP
COL
A_ALSI
A_SIL
F_SIL
A_SIAL
A_QILL
All zones
F_SIAL
F_QILL
The capping levels are primarily based on examining statistics, histograms, and log probability
plots of the assays for each alteration domain at the Filo Federico and Amable zones. The GT
products are used to estimate the approximate metal loss for each capping level. Some of the
GT values are very high but they are mostly related to barren, low grade, and small alteration
domains. Overall, the current gold capping levels reduce the contained gold at Filo Federico
by approximately three percent.
In addition to capping high assays, the influence of composites with values greater or equal to
3 g/t Au, located in the High Grade domain, are restricted using a 35 m by 25 m by 15 m search
ellipsoid.
RPA concurs with the new capping levels selected by Veladero. The new 2017 levels are the
same as the 2015 levels except for the 70 g/t Au capping level for silica alteration at Filo
Federico was decreased to 35 g/t Au.
COMPOSITES
Drill hole sample data were composited into five metre lengths starting at the drill hole collars
and resetting at the base of the colluvium.
The composite file has an additional length field to track the actual length of each composite
that is supported by sample data. The grade interpolation used length weighted composites
to help reduce the influence of shorter composites.
The composite statistics for each alteration domain within each zone are summarized in Table
14-9 and shown as boxplots in Figure 14-8.
The contact plots are constructed with Vulcan software. Vulcan searches for data with a given
alteration code and then for data with another specified alteration code and groups the grades
according to the distance between the two points. This allows for a graphical representation
of the grade trends away from a “contact.” If average grades are reasonably similar near a
boundary and then diverge as distance from the contact increases, then the particular
boundary should probably not be used as a grade constraint and is referred to as a “soft”
boundary. If the averages are distinctly different across a boundary, then the boundary may
be important in constraining the grade estimation and the boundary is referred to as “hard”.
Examples of contact plots for soft and hard boundaries are shown in Figures 14-9 and 14-10,
respectively.
Domains with hard boundaries were used separately and soft boundaries were combined in
the multi-pass grade interpolation process.
Series1 900
0.500
Samples 800
700
0.400
Au Cut Mean
600
Samples
0.300 500
400
0.200
300
200
0.100
100
0.000 0
-180 -130 -80 -30 20 70 120 170
Figure 14-9
14-20
www.rpacan.com
1400
1.00
Series1
1200
Samples
0.80
Au Cut Mean
1000
Samples
0.60 800
600
0.40
400
0.20
200
0.00 0
-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
Figure 14-10
14-21
www.rpacan.com
VARIOGRAPHY
In 2011, Veladero built omni-directional correlograms for Filo Federico, Amable, and the entire
Veladero deposit using 15 m length composites greater than 0.1 g/t Au to help define resource
classification criteria. The correlograms were smooth, clearly defined, and well supported by
thousands of composite pairs. The range was approximately 200 m and the relative nugget
effect at approximately 10% was very low for a gold deposit. The ranges at 90% and 80% of
the sill were approximately 110 m and 70 m, respectively and these ranges formed the basis
of the resource classification criteria at Veladero.
For the 2017 resource model, Veladero built new directional and omni-directional correlograms
using the 5 m gold composites. The omni-directional correlogram based on all of the 5 m gold
composites is shown in Figure 14-11. The ranges at 90% and 80% of the sill are similar to the
2011 results and are approximately 110 m and 70 m, respectively, now.
1.00
0.80
110
Gamma(h)
70
3-D Omnidirectional
0.60
Spherical model
Sample variance
0.40
Range at 70% of sample variance
0.20
Range at 90% of sample variance
0.00
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Geologic Control
all composites
Statistics
Mean 0.488
Variance 2.023
70% 35mts
80% 70mts
90% 110mts
Figure 14-11
Spherical Model
range h (mt) variance (c[h])
0 0.15
Barrick Gold Corporation
40 0.40
105 0.13 Veladero Mine
182 0.20 San Juan Province, Argentina
270 0.12 Omni-Directional Correlogram
Total Variance 1.00
March 2018 Source: MAGSRL, 2017.
14-23
www.rpacan.com
The Veladero Mineral Resource model extends from 2,405,900 m to 2,408,800 m east,
6,749,496 m to 6,753,396 m north, and 3,702.5 m to 4,852.5 m in elevation. The 5 m high by
5 m by 5 m block model is populated directly from the lithology, alteration, sub-zone, structural
domain, and grade envelope triangulations and a separate script is run to incorporate the grade
domain codes related to the indicator grade domains.
The assays were composited into five metre lengths after capping raw assays. Composites
for gold and silver were created. The composite lithology, alteration, sub-zone, structural
domain, and grade domain codes are back-flagged from the block model.
Veladero used multiple pass inverse distance squared (ID²) to interpolate Au and Ag grades
for all domains. Length-weighted composites are used.
The search ellipsoids for Au are mostly horizontal to sub-horizontal pancakes with dips ranging
from 0° to -10° that vary for each structural zone (Table 14-10). The search orientations vary
for each zone. The longest search ellipsoid radii were 110 m by 80 m by 30 m for the final
pass and the shortest search distances were 2.5 m by 2.5 m by 2.5 m for the first pass box
search. Blocks situated in the colluvium and steam heat plus opaline silica geology domains
3 and 4, respectively, were interpolated using two passes based on the criteria in Table 14-10.
Thereafter, a three pass system was used to interpolate each of the four grade domains (3, 2,
1, and 0) in five grouped structural domains ((1, 2, 4, 5), 3, 6, 7, 8) in geology domains 1 and
2. A total of 81 interpolation runs were used to populate the gold block model.
www.rpacan.com
1_hm2 1,2,3,9 1 ID-3 3 1,2,3,9 1 0.6 g/t 20 0 10 35 25 15 1 3 1
1_hm3 1,2,3,9 1 ID-3 3 1,2,3,9 1 0.6 g/t 20 0 10 110 80 30 2 3 1
1_mg1 1,2,3,9 1 ID-3,2 3 1,2,3,9 1 0.2 g/t 20 0 10 70 50 30 2 3 1
1_mg2 1,2,3,9 1 ID-3,2 3 1,2,3,9 1 0.2 g/t 20 0 10 35 25 15 1 3 1
1_mg3 1,2,3,9 1 ID-3,2 3 1,2,3,9 1 0.2 g/t 20 0 10 110 80 30 2 3 1
Page 14-25
Technical Report NI 43-101 – March 19, 2018
Barrick Gold Corporation – Veladero Mine, Project #2899
www.rpacan.com
1_mg2 1,2,3,9 1 ID-3,2 7 1,2,3,9 1 0.2 g/t 10 0 0 35 25 15 1 3 1
1_mg3 1,2,3,9 1 ID-3,2 7 1,2,3,9 1 0.2 g/t 10 0 0 110 80 30 2 3 1
1_lg1 1,2,3,9 1 All 7 1,2,3,9 1 0.1 g/t 10 0 0 70 50 30 2 3 1
1_lg2 1,2,3,9 1 All 7 1,2,3,9 1 0.1 g/t 10 0 0 35 25 15 1 3 1
1_lg3 1,2,3,9 1 All 7 1,2,3,9 1 0.1 g/t 10 0 0 110 80 30 2 3 1
Page 14-26
Technical Report NI 43-101 – March 19, 2018
Barrick Gold Corporation – Veladero Mine, Project #2899
www.rpacan.com
ing unge
dom_bear dom_pl
2_bg2 4,5,6 2 ID-0 All 4,5,6 2 Outside dom_dip 35 25 15 1 3 1
ing unge
dom_bear dom_pl
2_bg3 4,5,6 2 ID-0 All 4,5,6 2 Outside dom_dip 110 80 30 2 3 1
ing unge
Page 14-27
www.rpacan.com
Over time, Veladero has developed a sophisticated multi-pass interpolation process that works
well. RPA is of the opinion that the Veladero resource estimation methodology is reasonable
and acceptable.
MAGSRL and RPA visually compared the composite and block grades on plans and sections
and found that they correlate very well spatially (Figures 14-12 and 14-13).
Original Surface
0.10 - 0.19
0.19 - 0.34
0.34 - 0.60
0.60 - 1.00
1.00 - 2.50
Reserve Pit
Design 2.50 - 5.00
5.00 - 75.00
Resources
Shell
Figure 14-12
www.rpacan.com
Barrick Gold Corporation
0 50 100 150 200
Veladero Mine
San Juan Province, Argentina
Metres
Block and Composite Au Grades
Section 6,752,050N at
Filo Federico Pit
March 2018 Source: MAGSRL, 2017.
Original Surface
2017 Surface
Reserve Pit
Design
14-30
Resources
Shell
Au (g/t)
< 0.10
0.10 - 0.19 Figure 14-13
0.19 - 0.34
0.34 - 0.60
www.rpacan.com
Barrick Gold Corporation
0.60 - 1.00
1.00 - 2.50 0 50 100 150 200 Veladero Mine
2.50 - 5.00 Metres San Juan Province, Argentina
5.00 - 75.00 Block and Composite Au Grades
Section 6,751,750N at Amable Pit
March 2018 Source: MAGSRL, 2017.
www.rpacan.com
The official reconciliation data for 2017 indicate that the resource model underestimates the
tonnage by approximately 2%, the gold grade by approximately 7%, the silver grade by
approximately 10%, the contained gold by approximately 9%, and the contained silver by
approximately 11% (Table 14-11).
Overall, RPA is of the opinion that the resource model to grade control reconciliation results
are good. MAGSRL continues to investigate additional reconciliation procedures that will
provide more direct comparisons between the resource model, grade control model, and gold
produced to help guide and support future changes to the resource modelling procedures.
A longitudinal section showing the Veladero and Amable gold mineralization that is mostly
situated between 4,000 MASL and 4,400 MASL is provided in Figure 14-14.
Original Surface
Amable Pit
Reserve Pit
Design
2017 Surface
Resource Shell
14-32
Block: g/t Au
< 0.10
0.10 - 0.20
Figure 14-14
0.20 - 0.35
0.35 - 0.50
www.rpacan.com
0.50 - 1.00
0 100 200 300 400 Barrick Gold Corporation
1.00 - 3.00 Metres
Veladero Mine
3.00 - 5.00
San Juan Province, Argentina
5.00 - 10.00
> 10.00
Block Au Grades
Longitudinal Section Looking 250°
March 2018 Source: MAGSRL, 2017.
www.rpacan.com
The NN and ID² swath plots are shown by elevation in Figure 14-15. It is clear on the swath
plot that most of the resource is situated between approximately the 4,000 MASL and 4,400
MASL elevations. The NN (green) and ID² (red) average block grades are similar and the ID²
grades are slightly lower than the NN grades as would be expected. The black line represents
the NN interpolation constrained by the estimation domains and follows the ID² block grades
very closely.
RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION
The classification criteria are based on distances from 5 m composites to the 5 m by 5 m by 5
m block centroids and the number of holes as follows:
• Blocks Outside 0.2 g/t Au Envelope: One composite from one drill hole that is
located up to 35 m from a block.
• Blocks Outside 0.2 g/t Au Envelope: One composite from one drill hole that is
located 35 m to 70 m from a block.
• All Colluvium Blocks: At least one composite from one drill hole that is situated
up to 25 m from a block.
• All Steam Heat and Opaline Silica Blocks: At least one composite from one drill
hole that is situated up to 65 m from a block.
Au Swath - Vertical
0.4500 70000
0.4000
60000
BM_au_ppm
BM_au_poly
0.3500
BM_au_nn
N blocks 50000
0.3000
Number of Blocks
40000
Au (ppm)
0.2500
0.2000
30000
0.1500
20000
0.1000
10000
0.0500
0.0000 0
3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700
Elevation (m)
Figure 14-15
Veladero Mine
San Juan Province, Argentina
Elevation Swath Plot
March 2018 Source: MAGSRL, 2017.
14-34
www.rpacan.com
As previously discussed, the 70 m and 110 m distances correspond to the 2011 omni-
directional correlogram ranges at 80% and 90% of the sill. Figure 14-11 shows the 2017 omni-
directional correlogram using all of the 5 m gold composites greater than 0.1 g/t Au.
Resource categories assigned to each block were post-processed to reduce isolated blocks
enveloped within blocks of a different category and to produce more continuous areas with the
same classification categories. It is RPA’s opinion that the application of a classification
category clean-up script is best practice.
RPA’s view is that the Inferred classification criteria are conservative, and that overall, the
classification criteria are slightly conservative. RPA is of the opinion that the classification
criteria are reasonable and acceptable and comply with the CIM (2014) definitions. The
resource classification model at the 4,150 m elevation is shown in Figure 14-16.
6,753,000 N
Original Surface
6,752,500 N
2017 Surface
6,752,000 N
Reserve Pit
Design
6,751,500 N
Resource Shell
Classification
6,751,000 N Measured
Indicated
Inferred Backfill
2,406,500 E
2,407,000 E
6,750,500 N
Figure 14-16
2,407,500 E
2,408,000 E
2,408,500 E
14-36
www.rpacan.com
The total Proven and Probable Mineral Reserve is estimated to be approximately 228 Mt, while
the remaining open pit portion of Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves is estimated to be
approximately 207 Mt at 0.78 g/t Au and 14.8 g/t Ag, containing 5.2 Moz of gold and 99 Moz
of silver, as presented in Table 15-1. All of the open pit reserves are located within the Filo
Federico pit of Veladero; the Argenta pit was exhausted in 2015 and the Amable pit was
exhausted in 2013. Table 15-1 reports the Mineral Reserves as open pit, stockpile, and leach
inventory reserves. Stockpiles reported in reserves generally consist of the CRUSH ore type
and are typically located within close proximity to the crusher facility; they are used to maintain
feed to the crushing facility when it is not available direct from the pit. Leach inventory reported
in reserves consists of contained gold in ore stacked on the heap leach that has yet to be
leached or is actively being leached, or has been recovered from the ore but is still in solution
and retained within the moisture content of the leach pad.
Notes:
1. CIM (2014) definitions were followed for Mineral Reserves.
2. Mineral Reserves are estimated using a gold price of US$1,200 per ounce, a silver price of US$16.50 and
an US$:ARG exchange rate of 1.0:20.0.
3. Mineral Reserves are estimated at economic cut-off values based on process cost, recovery, and profit.
The cut-off values are equivalent to approximately 0.18 g/t Au for Type 1 ore and 0.32 g/t Au for Type 2
ore.
4. The total Proven and Probable silver grade estimate of 14.6 g/t Ag excludes the Leach Inventory tonnes.
5. Numbers may not add due to rounding.
In order to determine the final pit limits for reporting Mineral Reserves, analysis was completed
with the objective of maximizing value of the Mine while reducing production risk. As a result,
the final pit limit for Veladero was determined based on analysis completed using a 15%
discount rate and US$1,200/oz gold price, while the final pit design is based on a conceptual
open pit shell, which was generated at a US$900/oz gold price. Mineral Reserves from within
the final pit design are reported using a COG based on a gold price of US$1,200/oz, silver
price of US$16.50/oz, and a US$:ARG exchange rate of 1.0:20.0. The COG is also dependent
on rock type and is approximately 0.18 g/t Au for Type 1 ore and approximately 0.32 g/t Au for
Type 2 ore. In RPA’s opinion, the methodologies used to determine and report Mineral
Reserves are appropriate and reasonable.
As of December 31, 2017, Mineral Reserves within the open pit have decreased by
approximately 24 Mt since December 31, 2016, versus depletion of approximately 29 Mt. The
difference is due primarily to gains from lower COGs, which are primarily a result of an increase
in gold price (US$1,200/oz versus US$1,000/oz), a strengthening US dollar against the
Argentinian Peso (conversion rate of 1.0:20.0 pesos to the US dollar versus 1.0:14.5),
counteracted by a decrease in resource ounces due to changes in the mineral resource model
as described in Section 14.
Metal prices used for reserves are based on consensus, long term forecasts from banks,
financial institutions, and other sources. For resources, metal prices used are slightly higher
than those for reserves.
RPA is not aware of any mining, metallurgical, infrastructure, permitting, or other relevant
factors that could materially affect the Mineral Reserve estimate.
RPA notes that there is an opportunity to extend the life of the Filo Federico pit with minor
overall improvements in economic parameters. The potential is demonstrated as part of the
Mineral Resource estimate, as follows:
Increase in ore tonnage of up to approximately 140 Mt.
Approximately four additional years of mine life.
16 MINING METHODS
SUMMARY OF MINING OPERATIONS
The Veladero Mine is a traditional open pit truck and shovel operation with a heap leach facility;
it has been in continuous operation since 2005. Figure 16-1 presents a general site layout
diagram of the Veladero Mine. Historically, production has come from two areas, Veladero,
representing the majority of past production, and Argenta, which is located approximately six
kilometres to the southeast of the Veladero area. The Veladero area consists of two major pit
areas, Amable and Filo Federico, while there is a single pit at Argenta. Current operations are
exclusively from the Filo Federico pit of Veladero.
Table 16-1 summarizes the open pit production history through December 31, 2017. To this
date, the Veladero Mine has mined approximately 328 Mt of ore containing 11.3 Moz of gold
plus 155 Moz of silver at a waste to ore strip ratio of 2.0:1.0.
Notes:
1. Veladero Mine production includes Veladero and Argenta areas.
2. Ore Mined destinations include the crusher, heap leach facility, and stockpiles.
3. Numbers may not add due to rounding.
Mineral Reserves at Amable were exhausted in 2013, with no future plans to recommence
mining operations in this pit (waste backfilling began in 2014). A total of approximately 73 Mt
of ore was mined from the Amable pit. Mineral Reserves at Argenta were exhausted in 2015,
and a total of approximately 12 Mt of ore was mined from the pit. To December 31, 2017,
approximately 243 Mt of ore has been mined from the Filo Federico pit.
Table 16-2 summarizes the heap leach production history through December 31, 2017. To
this date, the Veladero Mine has placed approximately 319 Mt of ore containing 11.2 Moz of
gold and 153 Moz of silver. The difference between ore mined (Table 16-1) and ore placed
(Table 16-2), is in the stockpiles and crushing circuit.
Notes:
1. Veladero heap leach production includes Veladero and Argenta areas.
2. Ore Placed includes CRUSH, ROM, and stockpile ores.
3. Numbers may not add due to rounding.
RPA notes that to date approximately 73% and 11% of placed gold and silver, respectively,
have been recovered from the leach process.
Filo
Federico
Pit
North
Overland Conveyor
WRF
16-3
Amable
Pit &
Backfill
South
WRF
Process Facilities
Figure 16-1
Valley Leach Facility
www.rpacan.com
Barrick Gold Corporation
Veladero Mine
1000m
San Juan Province, Argentina
General Site Arrangement
WRF = Waste Rock Facility
March 2018 Source: MAGSRL, 2017.
www.rpacan.com
MINING METHODS
The following description of the mining methods refers to the Filo Federico pit and associated
infrastructure.
Open pit mining operations are located on steep mountain side slopes in rugged terrain with
the majority of planned mining occurring between elevations of 3,900 MASL and 4,600 MASL.
A total of approximately 427 Mt of material is scheduled to be open pit mined over the next
seven years, with open pit mining operations to be complete in 2024. Over this period, forecast
open pit ore production ranges from approximately 27 Mt to 31 Mt annualized, while total
material mined is at a peak of approximately 79 Mt in 2018, steadily declining to 34 Mt in 2024.
The Filo Federico final pit will measure approximately two kilometres along strike, typically one
kilometre across, and have a maximum depth of approximately 750 m. For comparison, the
exhausted Amable final pit footprint is circular and measures approximately one kilometre in
diameter with a maximum depth of approximately 530 m. The Argenta final pit footprint is
approximately one kilometre along strike, typically half a kilometre across, with a maximum
depth of approximately 300 m.
Final arrangement of the Veladero Waste Rock Facilities (WRF) is for the continued
development of surface dumps along contour to either side of the Filo Federico pit and
backfilling of the exhausted Amable pit. Backfilling of the Amable pit began in October 2014.
Processing is based on a single VLF that receives crushed and ROM ore with final delivery to
the pad by mine haul truck. The VLF is located approximately four kilometres south of Filo
Federico, however, it is approximately 5.7 km by road from the pit rim to the VLF access point.
The majority of remaining Mineral Reserves are scheduled for crushing prior to placement on
the VLF as this typically offers a higher profit margin than ROM placement. The crushing
facilities are located approximately 1.5 km east of the final pit rim. After crushing, the ore is
transported by mine truck direct to the VLF. Once on the VLF, haulage distances will typically
range between two and three kilometres. ROM ore is hauled directly from the pit to the VLF
and direct dumped.
MINE DESIGN
Mine operations are exclusively by open pit method, with a fleet of primarily 218 tonne rigid
frame haul trucks combined with a variety of diesel powered hydraulic shovels and front end
loaders as the primary loading equipment. The haul trucks are also utilized to transport ore to
the VLF for placement. Blasting is required other than for the occasional unconsolidated
material at surface when starting a new pushback. A fleet of large diesel powered blast hole
rigs are employed for the production drilling.
The Mineral Resource model, described in Section 14, is exported from Vulcan software and
imported into Q’Pit Inc.’s Q’Pit software (Q’Pit). The mine model is prepared in Q’Pit, applying
metallurgical recoveries based on material types, calculating potential block revenue, and
defining slope sectors based on alteration type. The mine model is exported from Q’Pit and
imported into Dassault Systèmes Geovia Inc.’s Whittle 4.X software (Whittle) for open pit
optimization using the Lerchs-Grossmann algorithm. Pit shells generated by Whittle are
imported into Q’Pit for detailed pit design, LOM production scheduling, and Mineral Resource
and Mineral Reserve reporting.
Table 16-3 presents the operating parameters used for developing the mine model and running
the open pit optimizations in Whittle.
Selling Costs:
Refining US$/oz 1.58
Royalty % 3.75
Export Tax % 0
Mining Parameters:
Mining Reference Cost US$/t mined 3.22
Mining Recovery % 100
Mining Dilution % 0
Operating Assumptions:
Crushing Rate tpd 75,154
Average Specific Gravity t/m³ 2.47
Average LOM Au Recovery % 75.5
Au Cut-off, Filo Federico Type 1 g/t Au 0.18
The Whittle optimizations are run at a base case gold price of US$1,200/oz. A range of gold
prices are reviewed to test sensitivity to pit limits at lower and higher gold prices and to help
identify pit phases for scheduling.
The mining reference cost is an average of all tonnes moved based on a detailed LOM
operating cost estimate. In addition to the mining reference cost, mine sustaining costs
(primarily major repair and/or replacement costs) and incremental haulage costs are also
applied. No mining recovery or mining dilution is assumed in the Whittle optimization as this
is factored into the resource model by a combination of block size selection (10 m by 10 m by
15 m vertical), good continuity of the ore zones laterally and vertically, and a gradational halo
of marginal mineralization surrounding the above cut-off grade mineralization. Mining factor
assumptions are verified through reasonable historic reconciliation performance of the
resource model to the grade control model and dispatch reporting.
Two ore types are identified for processing: Type 1 and Type 2; approximately 93% of
remaining reserves within the open pit are identified as Type 1 ore (see Figure 14-6, Type 2
Metallurgical Domain, for visual representation of Type 2 ore within the Filo Federico pit shell).
Each ore type can be processed as ROM without crushing or with crushing. Gold and silver
recoveries are applied to individual blocks based on block properties. Revenues for ROM and
CRUSH process paths are calculated and the method with the highest profit margin is typically
selected unless there is available crusher capacity. If available capacity exists in the crusher,
ore is preferentially passed through the crushing system if still profitable to take advantage of
increased leach kinetics and higher recoveries.
Heap leach expansion costs are applied to both ROM and CRUSH ores, whereas all general
and administrative costs are applied to CRUSH tonnage only as crushing is scheduled at a
fixed annual capacity whereas ROM is variable on an annual basis.
The crushing rate is the design capacity for both crushers at the permanent crushing station
located directly east of the Filo Federico pit. The average LOM gold recovery of approximately
75% is for all stated Mineral Reserves.
COGs for reporting Mineral Reserves are calculated utilizing the following formula:
COG = RAu * SPAu / 31.1035 * (1-ET) – (Cp + Hle + IMc + Cga + Ccp) – ((RAu * SPAu) /
31.1035 * RT)
Silver, although included in the mine planning, is not considered significant due to low
extractive recoveries and does not have a significant impact on the final pit limits.
Table 16-4 details internal COGs by ore type and process method. The resource and reserve
COG estimate details are well documented in Romeu (July 2017). RPA is of the opinion that
the reserve COGs are estimated according to standard industry practice.
If there is excess crushing capacity available when processing ROM ore, it can be more
profitable to crush said ore prior to stacking to improve recoveries. Under these conditions,
the COG estimate excludes general and administrative costs, and the ROM-CRUSH COG
value is applied. In the case of Type 2 ore, the ROM-CRUSH COG is lower than the ROM
COG, however, RPA notes that no ore reports as Type 2 below 0.45 g/t Au and only
approximately 1% of reserves report as Type 2 ore between 0.45 g/t Au and 0.69 g/t Au.
In addition to the Mineral Reserve COGs used for production scheduling, a COG is employed
in daily operations, the operational COG to define marginal material. This COG is updated as
required to reflect the current gold price market. The operational COG uses the same COG
formula, however, the gold price is based on the three month trailing average price. At the
time of the site visit, US$1,278/oz gold was being used. Mineralized material that falls between
the Mineral Reserve COG and operational COG is dispatched to the VLF or a long term
stockpile for possible processing at the end of regular mining operations depending on market
conditions at that time. This material is not reported as reserves.
In order to determine the final pit limits for reporting Mineral Reserves, an analysis was
completed with the objective of maximizing value of the Mine while reducing production risk.
As part of the process, final pit shell sensitivity to discount rate was reviewed, using discount
rates of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, along with gold and silver recoveries as presented in Table
16-3. The discount rates used in the final pit shell sensitivity are as per Barrick corporate
guidance, while metal recovery forecasts are based on testwork and historic operating
performance. A similar trend was noted in all cases, whereby selecting a pit shell generated
at gold prices less than the base case of US$1,200/oz resulted in only marginal reductions in
value, while tonnes mined and contained gold ounces reduced significantly. As a result, the
final pit limit for Veladero was determined based on the analysis completed using a 15%
discount rate and US$1,200/oz gold price, while the final pit design is based on a conceptual
open pit shell, which was generated at a US$900/oz gold price. In RPA’s opinion, the
methodologies used to select the final pit shell are appropriate and reasonable.
Additional pit shells are used as guides to design pit phases leading up to the final pit, in order
to maximize project value while maintaining a practical mine sequence and production
schedule.
Detailed pit designs, long term production scheduling, and reserve reporting are completed in
Q’Pit. Pit mid-bench lines are digitized in Q’Pit, honouring the Whittle pit shell outline and all
pit wall slope constraints and include haulage ramps. Due to the open pit location on mountain
side slopes, the majority of haulage ramps are developed external to the pits using ROM waste
rock for fill material. Detailed mine design parameters are presented in Table 16-5. Pit wall
slopes vary based on geologic domain (effectively follows the alteration model), and are
discussed later in this section.
The 32 m haul road width includes a single shoulder berm and water collection ditch.
In RPA’s opinion, the final pit design honours the Whittle optimum pit shell, with adjustments
for access ramps when required. For the most part, pushback distances of over 100 m exist
in the pit phase design, allowing sufficient room for large scale operations. Figure 16-2
presents a graphic of the pit phases in plan view and cross section.
Federico PH5
PIT AMABLE
Federico PH4
Fe
A Federico PH3
A’
de
ric
oP
H6
6750750 N
6751000 N
6751250 N
6751500 N
6751750 N
6752000 N
6752250 N
6752500 N
6752750 N
6753000 N
4800 4800
4400 4400
4200 4200
4000 4000
3800 3800
6752500 N
6752750 N
6751250 N
6750750 N
6751000 N
6751500 N
6751750 N
6752000 N
6752250 N
6753000 N
3600 3600
Figure 16-2
Veladero Mine
San Juan Province, Argentina
Filo Federico Pit Phases
March 2018 Source: MAGSRL, 2017.
16-10
www.rpacan.com
Short range mine planning and detailed pit design are completed in MineSight software where
the grade control model resides.
Table 16-6 summarizes Golder’s most recent design recommendations for Veladero listing the
inter-ramp slope angle (IRA), bench face angle (BFA), and catch berm width (CBW) (Golder,
2017). Defined slope sectors are based on the rock alteration type.
RPA is of the opinion that the work that has been completed by Golder is of an appropriate
scope and based on reasonable engineering analysis and assumptions.
A sophisticated system of automated and manual data collection equipment has been installed
at Veladero for monitoring pit wall activity. In September 2017, the installation of two radar
systems for monitoring pit wall movements began. The first unit is operational while the second
unit requires additional parts and is expected to be operational during the first half of 2018. In
addition, a network of prisms, extensometers, piezometers, and other instruments, are
installed and monitored for slope stability of pit walls, the VLF, and WRFs.
Pit slope analysis studies were completed internally in late 2014, which demonstrated
favourable results for the initiative. This was followed by a more detailed review and analysis
in early 2015 by independent consultant SRK Consulting Argentina S.A. (SRK). Results from
the SRK work were also promising and included recommendations for continued analysis, field
studies, and updating the alteration-structural model to complete higher level investigations
into steeper slopes.
The most significant slope change is in the silica alteration with proposed IRA steepening from
50° to 54°. Table 16-7 presents a comparison of the steepened IRAs to the Golder IRA design
recommendations from Table 16-6.
RPA notes that although only the silica alteration design sector has been steepened, this is
the most common design sector within the final pit limits, as evidenced in Figure 16-3. There
has been no significant revisions to the limits of the alteration zones themselves.
Silica FF Colluvium
IRA = 54° IRA = 30°
Bench Height = 30 m Bench Height = 15 m
Face Angle = 80° Face Angle = 67°
Berm Width = 16.5 m Berm Width = 19.6 m
Colluvium
IRA = 30° Steam Heated
Bench Height = 15 m IRA = 35°
Face Angle = 67° Bench Height = 15 m
Berm Width = 19.6 m Face Angle = 67°
Berm Width = 15.1 m
Figure 16-3
Veladero Mine
San Juan Province, Argentina
Filo Federico Pit Slope
Design Sectors in Plan
March 2018 Source: MAGSRL, 2017.
16-13
www.rpacan.com
In order to achieve the steeper IRAs, MAGSRL proposed double benching in the silica
alteration design sector to 30 m along with modifications to BFAs and CBWs. Table 16-8
presents a summary of the steepened slope design for the silica alteration zone with a 30 m
double bench height.
Note: IRA (inter-ramp angle), BFA (bench face angle), CBW (catch bench width).
In addition to reviewing past pit wall performance results for the existing Filo Federico pit, new
studies and operational bench trials have been completed and are ongoing to demonstrate the
feasibility of increasing final pit wall IRAs. In 2015, 2016, and 2017, bench trials of pre-split
and trim blasting techniques were completed in various sectors of the pit (Phases 3, 4, and 5),
demonstrating the ability to double bench to 30 m. This work has most recently been reviewed
by Golder (December 2017), which included a site visit. Golder’s conclusions with regards to
steepening pit slopes from 50° to 54° in competent rock are favourable. Golder has
commented that the rock geotechnical model is sufficiently reliable to support the double bench
design and the current emphasis is on working with the operations team on implementation
and operational practices of 30 m high benches.
MINING CONSIDERATIONS
During past phase pit wall operations in Filo Federico, only trim blasting was performed. In
general, design pit slopes were achieved, however, significant amounts of material
accumulated on catch benches. In order to achieve steeper IRAs, pre-split and trim drilling
and blasting need to be implemented.
In 2016, a decision was required for start of waste stripping the upper benches of the final pit
limit (Phase 6) in order to maintain mine production and ore release in the future. This final pit
design (and associated pit optimizations) is based on 30 m bench heights and the design
parameters presented in Table 16-8 for the silica alteration zone. Up to 120 m, or four
benches, of final pit wall has been exposed in Phases 5 and 6.
RPA has reviewed the current Mineral Reserve estimate along with consideration for the
Golder recommended pit slope designs in Table 16-6. RPA notes the current Mineral Reserve
estimate would still be economic, however, approximately 46 million tonnes of additional waste
material would need to be moved over the LOM (capacity for the additional waste exists within
the current WRF designs) at the previously applied pit slope angles.
PRODUCTION SCHEDULE
Only Mineral Resources with classification of Measured or Indicated were converted to Proven
or Probable Mineral Reserves for production scheduling. A mine production schedule was
developed from the mine design that targets the crushing capacity of approximately 83,000
tpd (30 Mtpa) with up to an additional 10,000 tpd ROM production. Approximately 79 Mt total
mined (ore plus waste) is scheduled for 2018, followed by a declining total mined to the last
year of operations, 2024, at approximately 34 Mt. In RPA’s opinion, sufficient mine fleet
capacity exists to meet the production targets. Table 16-9 presents the LOM mine production
schedule.
Notes:
1. As of December 31, 2017.
2. Ore mined excludes stockpile re-handle.
3. Numbers may not add due to rounding.
WASTE ROCK
There are two main WRFs identified in the LOM plan, the North WRF and the South WRF.
Figure 16-4 is an isometric view of the final WRF designs for the Veladero area. The North
WRF is to the west of the Filo Federico pit on a mountain side slope at elevations between
4,000 MASL and 4,700 MASL. The South WRF is south of the Filo Federico pit, immediately
north of the east-west elongated VLF. The South WRF includes backfilling of the Amable pit,
and is at elevations between 4,100 MASL and 4,600 MASL.
Amable backfilling is from a crest elevation of 4,385 MASL, with a current face height between
250 m and 335 m. The toe of the Amable backfill is stabilized against the Amable pit highwall
and dumps. The side slope WRFs are designed as multiple lifts with pre-closure face heights
less than 200 m from toe to crest, except for a single area in the North WRF with a pre-closure
face height of approximately 350 m.
Combined remaining capacity of the North WRF and South WRF is over 290 million m3, while
there is less than 120 million m3 loose of waste material (assumes 30% swell) in the LOM
production schedule. RPA notes that if shallower final pit slope angles are required to extract
the Mineral Reserve, up to approximately 25 million m3 loose of additional waste material will
be generated, which will fit within the existing capacity of the WRFs.
Segregated within the WRFs is rock with low grade gold mineralization (between the mine
reserve COG and the marginal COG), which may be reclaimed and processed at the end of
the production schedule if profitable market conditions exist.
A comprehensive WRF geotechnical report was prepared by Golder in 2002. Golder has
performed field inspections of the WRFs since 2002, with their most recent inspection and
report completed in December 2017 (December 2017). No major concerns or issues were
identified with the WRFs, except for one area, Botadero Amable Sur, within the South WRF.
The Botadero Amable Sur WRF has been closed for approximately seven years as per the
LOM plan and over this time has developed some cracks indicating deformation has occurred,
which Golder has identified as a potential stability risk. Further movement has the potential to
encroach on a portion of the north flank of the VLF. RPA notes this does not limit current
capacity of the VLF or planned expansion to the west. RPA recommends developing a stability
mitigation program for the South WRF with the assistance of a qualified geotechnical engineer
and notes this progress has begun with discussions with Golder on conducting a stability
assessment of the South WRF.
In addition to the WRFs, there are numerous fill roads on the mountain side slope that provide
access from the pits to the WRFs, process facilities, and other site infrastructure.
There is no waste rock in the mine plan that requires special handling or containment during
or post open pit operations.
SOUTH
WRF
NORTH
WD WRF
Amable
WD Pampa
Amable del Rulo
Backfill
Filo
Federico WD CM5
CONVEYOR
ALIGNMENT
Truck
CRUSHING FACILITIES, OFFICES, Shop
MAINTENANCE FACILITIES GRADE SHELL
>1.5g/t Au
Figure 16-4
Veladero Mine
San Juan Province, Argentina
Final WRF Arrangement
VALLEY-LEACH FACILITY
A single VLF is located south of the Amable pit and South WRF. The final proposed VLF
design is approximately five kilometres east to west by one kilometre north to south, with a
footprint of approximately 270 ha. Elevations of the footprint range between 4,000 MASL and
4,300 MASL, with a maximum bench elevation of approximately 4,375 MASL. The maximum
vertical height within the VLF is constrained to 150 m above the primary liner at nominal 13 m
stack heights.
To date, approximately 319 Mt of ore has been stacked within the VLF in Phases 1 through 5,
with Phases 4B, 5A, and 5B currently active. Table 16-10 summarizes historic and current
planned LOM stacking of ore on the VLF by phase.
F1 69 0
F2A 23 0
F2B 34 0 20*
F2C 30 0
F3 55 0
Ph4A 29 0 0
Ph5A 34 7 0
Ph4B 35 22 0
Ph5B 12 36 0
Ph6 0 59 0
Ph7 0 39 0
Ph8 0 41 0
Ph9 0 25 6
Phases VLF 319 229 26
Notes:
*This area is located over Phases 1 to 3 (F1 to F3).
Totals may not add due to rounding.
Remaining VLF capacity is over 250 Mt in Phases 4 through 9, with an additional approximately
20 Mt of capacity available over Phases 1 through 3. RPA confirms that there is sufficient
capacity remaining in the planned VLF to stack the current open pit Proven and Probable
Reserves, including stockpiles, of approximately 214 Mt.
The Mine has acquired all of the material permits necessary to operate the VLF through Phase
5B. Environmental approval for Phases 6 through 9 was confirmed on May 19, 2017, by the
San Juan Mining Minister, however, the construction of these phases are subject to additional
permitting, which is in progress. The proposed final layout and sequencing of the VLF is shown
in Figure 16-5.
A comprehensive VLF geotechnical report was prepared by Vector Argentina S.A. in 2007.
• It is built.
Phase 5A • Currently operative to 2019.
• Construction started since 2015.
Phase 4B • Currently operative to 2020.
• Construction started since 2017.
Phase 5B • Currently operative to 2022.
• Construction during March 2018 to December 2019.
Phase 6 • Operative from Oct 2019.
• Construction during September 2020 to June 2021.
Phase 7 • Operative from July 2021.
• Construction during September 2020 to June 2021.
Phase 8 • Operative from January 2022.
• Construction during September 2023 to October 2024.
Phase 9 • Operative from January 2024 (starting the ore stacking)
Figure 16-5
MINE EQUIPMENT
Veladero operations are typical truck and shovel open-pit operations, with all major production
equipment equipped with GPS and dispatch systems. For production scheduling, equipment
horsepower is de-rated for high altitude conditions.
The primary haul truck fleet consists of 46 Caterpillar 793 trucks rated for a 218-tonne payload.
The truck fleet’s maximum annual hauling capacity is over 100 Mt, sufficient to meet peak
annual material movement of approximately 79 Mt over the remaining mine life.
Loading operations are conducted using a variety of diesel powered machines with the current
primary production fleet scheduled as follows:
The diesel powered production blast hole drill fleet currently consists of:
All drills are equipped with a 260 mm drill bit. The Drilltech and Atlas Copco drills are capable
of single pass drilling the 15 m bench height plus one metre of subdrill, while the Ingersol Rand
drills require an additional drill rod to achieve the required depth. Total production drill capacity
is approximately 90 Mtpa, sufficient to meet peak material movement of approximately 79
Mtpa.
Pre-split drilling at final pit walls is performed with two Atlas Copco D65s and one Sandvik
Pantera 1500. The D65s are able to drill 30 m double benches while the Pantera is limited to
a single 15 m bench. Pre-split holes are drilled at 127 mm diameter and 1.5 m spacing.
For blasting, a combination of emulsion and ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO) are loaded
into each hole. Typically, the bottom 25% to 35% of the column is loaded with emulsion,
topped off with ANFO. The pit is typically dry (there are no pit dewatering wells in operation
and limited surface water), thus the purpose of the emulsion is to increase blasting power.
Powder factor averages approximately 0.4 kg/t over the LOM, with higher values targeted in
ore for ROM processing and to reduce crushing effort.
Mine mobile equipment production rates were reviewed with availability and utilization to see
if mining production rates and costs are appropriate. RPA is of the opinion that the equipment
productivities for the production fleet are reasonable. The current mine equipment fleet is
listed in Table 16-11, along with major support equipment.
MINE MANPOWER
Veladero operates on a 24-hour per day, 365 days per year schedule. For most operating
positions, there are four work crews with two on site at any time working two 12-hour shifts per
day, 14 days on followed by 14 days off.
Mining operating manpower is based on approximately four operators for each operating
position. Mining manpower for operations, including mine management and technical
services, is estimated at 519 employees. Maintenance and support employees for the mine is
estimated at 391 employees. RPA considers the manpower estimates to be reasonable.
MINE INFRASTRUCTURE
Veladero has all necessary infrastructure for a large open pit mine operation in a remote
location at high altitude. Mining related infrastructure includes a truck shop, truck wash facility,
warehouse, fuel storage and distribution facility, explosive’s storage and magazine sites, and
electrical power distribution and substations to support construction projects and mine
operations.
17 RECOVERY METHODS
Gold is recovered from ore at Veladero using ROM and crushed ore cyanide heap leaching,
and a Merrill-Crowe zinc cementation gold recovery plant. The lower gold grade ore, i.e.,
above the COG for ROM ore and below the COG for crushed ore, is mined and trucked to the
VLF and co-mingled with crushed ore (in the past, ROM ore was stacked in a separate area
from crushed ore). Final delivery to the pad for ROM and crushed ore is by haul truck and
spreading is by track-mounted dozer.
CRUSHING PLANT
A simplified process flowsheet for the crushing circuit is provided in Figure 17-1.
Ore that has a gold grade above the cut-off grade for crushed ore is trucked from the mine or
stockpiles and crushed in one of two two-stage crushing circuits to a nominal size of 80%
passing (P80) 40 mm.
The crushing plant capacity is approximately 83,000 tonnes per operating day. The technical
limit of the plant is 100,000 tonnes per operating day, which may be achievable through
optimum operational and mechanical availability.
Haul trucks dump directly into the primary 1,270 mm by 1,650 mm gyratory crushers. After
crushing, the ore from line one is discharged into a surge pocket and transferred to a 2,000 t
live capacity covered stockpile via an apron feeder and a belt conveyor. The primary crushed
ore from line two is reclaimed from the surge pocket and placed on a belt conveyor. From the
belt conveyor the ore can either go directly to a secondary crusher surge bin or be transferred
to the covered stockpile.
The primary crushed ore is reclaimed from the stockpile and conveyed to a splitter chute to
feed two scalping screens that operate in parallel in line one to remove the material that meets
the required size criteria. The oversize from the screens discharges to two MP800 standard
cone crushers, after which lime is added to the recombined undersize and crusher product.
Line two is similar to line one except it has only one scalping screen and one secondary cone
crusher. The secondary crushers operate in open circuit so the crushed ore and the undersize
from the scalping screens are fed to the crushed ore bin.
An overland conveyor that previously transported crushed ore from Ore Bin #1 to Ore Bin #2
has been out of service since February 2015, and subsequently decommissioned due to
excessive maintenance and mechanical issues in this area. The crushed ore is hauled by a
fleet of 11 trucks from the crushing plant to the VLF, a distance of approximately 4.2 km.
VALLEY-LEACH FACILITY
At the VLF, ore is stacked as cells in 13 m lifts. Cells are typically 200 m to 250 m by 80 m to
100 m in size, or approximately 20,000 m2, and contain approximately 450,000 t to 500,000 t
of ore. The maximum height of the leach pad is constrained to an overall stack height of 150
m above the primary liner, but is typically 100 m or less stack height.
In 2017, stacking was active primarily in Phases 4B, 5A, and 5B, with stacking forecast to
continue in these phases through 2019.
An ongoing expansion of the leach pad to the west is continuing in phases. During the time of
the current 2017 site visit, liner was being placed in Phase 5B.
The fifth update to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) included a request for approval
of the leach pad expansion for Phases 6 to 9. Environmental approval for Phases 6 to 9 of the
leach pad expansion was confirmed on May 19, 2017, by the San Juan Mining Minister,
however, the construction of these phases are subject to additional permitting, which is in
progress. Construction of Phase 6 includes a new PSSA, which will be operative for all
subsequent phases and allow for improved solution management and be incremental to the
existing PSSA.
Approximately 230,000 m2 to 260,000 m2 of surface area in the VLF is actively under leach at
any given time with dilute cyanide leach solution applied using drip emitters. The drip emitters
are buried approximately 60 cm to 65 cm to maximize distribution of solution and minimize
freezing risk and evaporation. The nominal capacity of the Barren Solution pumping system
is 2,900 m3/h. Pregnant solution is collected by the dam, at the toe of the leach pad, and
pumped to the Merrill-Crowe recovery plant. An additional 0-2,700 m3/h is provided by a PLS
Recycle system which provides an ability to control the PSSA solution level and pursue
solution enrichment with lower grade ore.
The pregnant solution is clarified in pressure leaf filters and stored in a clarified solution tank.
From the tank, solution is pumped to a vacuum de-aeration tower which removes the dissolved
oxygen from the precious metal bearing solution. Zinc dust is fed to the solution as it exits the
de-aeration tower and the precious metals are removed from the solution as solid precipitate.
Plate and frame filter presses are used to separate the precipitate from the solution. The
barren solution is collected in a barren solution tank, cyanide and make-up water are added to
the solution, and it is re-circulated to the VLF for reuse.
The zinc precipitate is collected from the filter presses and processed in retorts designed to
recover mercury vapours from the precipitate as it is heated under vacuum. By-product
mercury is collected and stored on site.
The dried precipitate is mixed with flux and smelted in electric induction furnaces. Gold doré
that is produced by the refining process is shipped off site for further refining to produce fine
gold and silver.
PROCESS MANPOWER
Veladero operates on a 24-hour per day, 365 days per year schedule. For most operating
positions, there are four work crews with two on site at any time working two 12-hour shifts per
day, 14 days on followed by 14 days off.
Process operating manpower is based on approximately two to four operators for each
operating position, dependent on if the position is day shift only, or day plus night shift
respectively. Processing manpower for operations, including management and technical
services, is estimated at 153 employees. Maintenance employees for processing is estimated
at 76 employees. RPA considers the manpower estimates to be reasonable.
DISCUSSION
The process facilities appear to be operating well with the restrictions based on solution
conditions in the VLF.
An overland conveyor between the primary crushers and the process facilities has been shut
down since February 2015 due to mechanical issues. There is currently no plan to restart the
conveyor. Mine haul trucks are used to haul crushed ore from the primary crushers direct to
the VLF. In 2016, four new haul trucks were added to the mine fleet to maintain production
levels due to the additional ore haulage demands as a result of the conveyor belt shutdown.
Market conditions have resulted in the curtailment of by-product mercury sales. As a result,
MAGSRL is constructing long term storage capacity for mercury at the gold refinery. At
present, mercury is stored in 82 L flasks and kept in the refinery. The cost of removal at end
of life will need to be addressed by operations, as it is not in the Closure Plan, if other
disposition options do not become available, with options for disposal currently being
investigated.
The operation of the VLF is subject to certain regulatory parameters set forth in the 2014 Fourth
Update to the Mine’s EIA as described in further detail in Section 20. The regulatory approval
of the 2014 update to the Mine’s EIA and a related 2016 regulatory resolution specifies the
VLF Trigger Limits that, if exceeded, will trigger the VLF contingency plan and restrictions that
constrain fresh water make-up and cyanide addition to processing solutions for the duration of
any such exceedance. The VLF Trigger Limits are set forth below:
The new PSSA permitted operating level limited to 3,927 MASL was enacted in 2014 to control
the hydraulic head on the primary heap leach liner. This has resulted in closer monitoring of
solution flow in the VLF.
The restriction on the operation of the leak collection and recovery system (LCRS or SRRF) to
a maximum level of 3,914.7 MASL, and maximum daily pumped volume of 270 m³/day may
restrict the normal development of the VLF, providing less space for stacking in Phases 1-3 in
low areas, creating delays in metal extraction. The VLF Trigger Limits are under review with
the regulatory agencies for potential increases, which would improve operating flexibility and
reduce potential extraction delays.
Production at Veladero may be further impacted in the event that snowmelt causes water levels
in the leach solution storage area to exceed the VLF Trigger Limits prescribed in the 2014
update to the Mine’s environmental permit. For such an event, the Mine would be required to
trigger the VLF contingency plan and restrictions that constrain fresh water make-up and
cyanide addition for the duration of any such exceedance.
To help manage solution volumes, two holding ponds on top of Phase 2 were constructed in
2016 and were operational for the current 2017 site visit.
There are sufficient process materials on site or on order, to maintain operation as required.
Atmosphere Atmosphere
Gyratory Crusher Gyratory Crusher
MK II 50"x65" (CR 5) MK II 50"x65" (CR 1)
Dust
Collectors
Chute Belt
Magnet
CV
1
CV 7 Metal Weightometer
Detector
Surge Bin
CV 9
Belt Weightometer Stockpile
Magnet
CV 12 Belt Feeder
Vibrating CV 8
Dust Screen
Metal
Collector
Detector
Stationary Weightometer Vibratinng
Magnet Feeders
10
CV Dust
Collectors
Cone Crusher
MP 800 (CR2)
Cone Crusher
MP 800 (CR3)
CV
11
CV 3 CV 4
CV 5
Lime Silo
Ore Bin
Lime Truck
Figure 17-1
Trucks
Barrick Gold Corporation
Veladero Mine
San Juan Province, Argentina
Leaching
Valley
Crushing Plant Flowsheet
March 2018 Source: MAGSRL, 2017.
17-6
www.rpacan.com
Precipite
Clarification Filters Filter Presses
De-aeration
Tower Zinc
Filter 1 Cone Filter 1
Mercury
Retorts
Filter 2
Filter 2
13A Slag
Furnace 1 Induction
13B Furnaces
13C
Dry
Filter 3 Filter 3 Precipite
Wet Furnace 2
Precipite +
Fluxes
Furnace 3
Filter 4
Filter 4
Pump
Clarified Furnace 4
Nº 8
Solution
Filter 5 Tank
Filter 5 DORÉ
(5% Impureties)
Furnace 5
9A
9B
Pump 9C
Nº 7 Pregnant
Solution Barren
Tank Solution
Tank
PLS Barren
1A 1B
Area 420 Sump
Solution
Flow
Recovery
Collection System System
8A A
8B 7A 7B 6A 6B
Area 430
B
Raiser
Emergency Pond
Potrerillo River
Figure 17-2
18 PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE
Veladero infrastructure and services have been designed to support an operation of over
85,000 tpd of ore (CRUSH and ROM) to a VLF and a nominal 280,000 tpd of total material
mined. Due to the remote location, the property is self-sufficient with regard to the
infrastructure needed to support the operation.
ACCESS
The Veladero Mine site is located approximately 280 km northwest of San Juan, the provincial
capital of San Juan Province, Argentina, and also the closest major population and commercial
centre. Access is via paved road heading north of San Juan for approximately 205 km to the
main gate near Tudcum. From the main gate at elevation 1,930 MASL, it is approximately 155
km to the Veladero mine site along a well maintained all season gravel road passing over
Conconta Pass at approximately 4,850 MASL. The total route distance is approximately 360
km one way, and takes approximately six hours for a light vehicle in typical driving conditions.
Road maintenance from the main gate to the mine site is performed by contractor.
Most consumables are transported along this route by truck. Alternative road access is
available from the Chilean side, however, is not used for regular transport of goods or people.
ACCOMMODATIONS
Mine camp facilities are located approximately seven kilometres southeast and downslope of
the Veladero open pit operations at approximately 3,850 MASL. Permanent accommodations
are available for all Veladero employees and visitors. Contractor accommodations are also
provided near the Veladero accommodations. Site accommodations are sufficient for the
Veladero workforce, contractors, and consultants, with approximately 3,000 beds in total.
WATER
The water supply for industrial usage (i.e., process and dust control) is secured from the Rio
de las Taguas.
Potable water is provided by two water wells. The water is treated using reverse osmosis.
One system is located near the permanent accommodations and the other is located near the
contractor accommodations. Potable water is not available at the truck shop.
There is adequate supply of water for both industrial and potable requirements.
ELECTRICAL
Veladero is self-sufficient with regard to the supply of electrical energy. Energy is currently
generated on site primarily by using diesel generators. The total installed capacity of the diesel
generators is 22 MW. At the time of the site visit, a solar panel pilot plant installation was
operating with studies underway for a larger installation to service the remainder of the mine
life. In addition, there is a 2 MW wind turbine installed on site, however, it was not operating
at the time of the site visit due to mechanical issues. Planning is in place to complete
maintenance for the turbine to be operational again in 2018.
used petroleum productions, and hazardous waste materials are delivered to a central area
where they are managed by a contractor. The materials are sorted and appropriately
packaged for shipment to San Juan where they are recycled or sent for disposal at an
appropriate facility.
Sewage is treated at one of four primary sewage treatment plants onsite. There are also
sewage treatment plants located along the access road at Sepultura and Peñasquito. Water
discharge from the sewage treatment plants is carefully monitored to ensure compliance for
release to the environment.
COMMUNICATIONS
The mine site has a communication network of telephones and licensed UHF radio repeaters
within the mining areas. Outside these areas, communication is generally by means of UHF
CB radio or satellite phone only.
SITE MANPOWER
Site manpower not directly related to mining, processing, and associated maintenance, is
approximately 338 site employees. This includes general and administrative staff, community
and social representatives, expatriates, and operators not specific to the mine or process.
There are an average of approximately 2,500 contractors and consultants over the year
between summer high season and winter low season, to help support the mining and
processing operations and supporting site activities such as camp operations. RPA considers
the site support manpower estimates to be reasonable for the operation.
CONTRACTS
MAGSRL has entered into a doré purchase agreement with Barrick, Shandong Gold Mining
(HongKong) Co., Limited, and Shandong Gold pursuant to which all unrefined metal bars
containing gold and silver produced at Veladero are sold to Barrick, for and on behalf of itself
and as agent for Shandong Gold Mining (HongKong) Co., Limited. Currently, MAGSRL has
not entered into any forward sales or hedging contracts in respect of gold and silver produced
at Veladero.
The sixth EIA update was submitted in February 2016, but its evaluation is still under review.
Given the situation that it is still under review, MAGSRL applied for, and the Ministry of Mining
has granted extension for, filing of the seventh update of the EIA. MAGSRL prepared the
seventh update of the EIA covering the period of January 2014, to June 2017, and filed it on
February 9, 2018, with the Ministry of Mining.
PERMITTING
A large number of environmental permits are in place at Veladero to manage and monitor such
things as:
• Vehicles
• Vehicles in communities along the access route
• Vibration on highways
• Noise
• Fauna
• Flora
• Water
• Gases emitted from the processing plant
• Gases emitted by diesel generators
• Archeological sites
• Effluents from water treatment plants
• Surface and groundwater monitoring
• Weather stations
The current mining operation has all of the material applicable permits and authorizations from
the relevant governmental agencies and maintains a complete record at Veladero and in San
Juan, led by the Regulatory Area Superintendent.
The operation of the VLF at Veladero is subject to certain regulatory constraints set forth in the
Mine’s 2014 Fourth Update of the EIA as detailed in Table 20-1.
The regulatory approval of the 2014 update of the Mine’s EIA and a related 2016 regulatory
resolution specify the VLF Trigger Limits that, if exceeded, will trigger the VLF contingency
plan (Table 20-2). In this contingency situation, there would be a restriction on fresh water
make-up and cyanide addition to processing solutions for the duration of any such
exceedance.
In March 2013, an excess accumulation of solution within Veladero’s leach pad collection
system was identified. Pumping rates were increased to reduce the accumulated solution,
recirculating the same to the pad. The situation was reported to the appropriate local authority,
which performed a site inspection and started an administrative investigation proceeding that
ultimately resulted in a $1.2 million fine paid by Barrick in March 2014. In April 2014, following
discussions between Barrick and the regulatory authorities, the Provincial mining authority
approved permit amendments to allow operation of the leach pad in alignment with permit
requirements and subject to the VLF Trigger Limits described above.
Production at Veladero may be further impacted in the event that snowmelt causes water levels
in the leach solution storage area to exceed the VLF Trigger Limits described above. For such
events, the Mine would be required to trigger the VLF contingency plan and restrictions that
constrain fresh water make-up and cyanide addition for the duration of any such exceedance.
In September 2015, a valve on a leach pad pipeline at Veladero failed, resulting in a release
of cyanide-bearing process solution into a nearby waterway through a diversion channel gate
that was open at the time of the incident. MAGSRL notified regulatory authorities of the
release. Environmental monitoring was conducted by MAGSRL and independent third parties
following the incident. MAGSRL believes this monitoring demonstrated that the incident posed
no risk to human health at downstream communities from the Mine. A temporary restriction on
the addition of new cyanide to the Mine’s processing circuit was lifted on September 24, 2015,
and mine operations returned to normal. Monitoring and inspection of the mine site will
continue in accordance with a court order. On April 14, 2016, in accordance with local
requirements, MAGSRL paid an administrative fine of approximately US$10 million (at the
then-applicable Argentine peso/US$ exchange rate) in connection with this incident. MAGSRL
has implemented a remedial action plan at Veladero in response to the incident as required by
the San Juan provincial mining authority.
MAGSRL's assessment that the incident did not pose any risk to human health at downstream
communities from the Mine is based on views expressed by independent experts in the field,
including provincial and national authorities, the National Water Institute (INA) and United
Nations Office Project Services (UNOPS), as well as MAGSRL's own assessment. After
investigation that included sampling of water in the Potrerillos, Las Taguas, Palca, Blanco and
Jáchal rivers, the INA concluded that none of the samples collected and analyzed on the
monitors conducted in certain dates in October 2015 detected the presence of cyanide above
stated limits. The UNOPS undertook four monitoring campaigns throughout the surrounding
river basin in October 2015 and concluded that in areas outside the project area, there were
no changes or variations in water quality or the identified presence of cyanide compounds.
The UNOPS noted that there may be some impacts in certain areas within the project area.
On October 9, 2015, the San Juan provincial mining authority initiated an administrative
sanction process against MAGSRL for alleged violations of the mining code relating to the
valve failure and release of cyanide bearing process solution. MAGSRL submitted its
response to these allegations in October 2015 and provided additional information in January
2016. On March 11, 2016, the San Juan provincial mining authority announced its intention to
impose an administrative fine against MAGSRL in connection with the solution release.
MAGSRL was formally notified of this decision on March 15, 2016. On April 6, 2016, MAGSRL
sought reconsideration of certain aspects of the decision, but did not challenge the amount of
the administrative fine. On April 14, 2016, in accordance with local requirements, MAGSRL
paid the administrative fine of approximately US$10 million (at the then-applicable Argentine
peso/US$ exchange rate) while the request for reconsideration was pending. MAGSRL has
implemented a remedial action plan at Veladero in response to the incident as required by the
San Juan provincial mining authority.
On September 8, 2016, ice rolling down the slope of the leach pad damaged a pipe carrying
process solution, causing some material to leave the leach pad. This material, primarily
crushed ore saturated with process solution, was contained on the mine site and returned to
the leach pad. Extensive water monitoring in the area conducted by MAGSRL confirmed that
the incident did not result in any environmental impacts. A temporary suspension of operations
at the Mine was ordered by the San Juan provincial mining authority and a provincial court on
September 15, 2016, and September 22, 2016, respectively, as a result of this incident. On
October 4, 2016, following, among other matters, the completion of certain urgent works
required by the San Juan provincial mining authority and a judicial inspection of the mine, the
San Juan provincial court lifted the suspension of operations and ordered that mining activities
be resumed.
On March 28, 2017, the monitoring system at the Mine detected a rupture of a pipe carrying
gold-bearing process solution on the leach pad. This solution was contained within the
operating site; no solution reached any diversion channels or watercourses. All affected soil
was promptly excavated and placed on the leach pad. MAGSRL notified regulatory authorities
of the situation, and San Juan provincial authorities inspected the site on March 29, 2017. On
March 29, 2017, the San Juan provincial mining authority issued a violation notice against
MAGSRL in connection with this incident and ordered a temporary restriction on the addition
of new cyanide to the leach pad until corrective actions on the system were completed. The
mining authority lifted the suspension on June 15, 2017, following inspection of the corrective
actions. On January 23, 2018, in accordance with local requirements, MAGSRL paid an
administrative fine of approximately US$5.6 million (at the then-applicable Argentine peso/US$
exchange rate) in connection with the September 2016 and March 2017 incidents and filed a
request for reconsideration with the San Juan provincial mining authority, which remains
pending.
In RPA’s opinion, it is reasonable to assume that the situations have been resolved in a timely
manner, thus not impacting the current Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates.
Veladero has an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that is certified under the ISO 14001
standards. It is audited annually and it must be re-certified every three years. Veladero was
last re-certified in 2015, and this certification has been maintained under maintenance audits
in June 2016 and July 2017. Under the plan, results of environmental monitoring are submitted
to the mining authorities every six months.
Veladero is also certified by the International Cyanide Management Code. Veladero was last
certified in 2015, and is expected to be re-certified in 2018.
The authorities conduct site inspections at Veladero on a regular basis. Written reports of
comments and requirements are distributed and MAGSRL responds to the comments and
requirements, as required.
Currently, RPA is of the opinion that there are no environmental issues that directly affect
Mineral Reserves or Mineral Resources. The environmental and regulatory requirements are
managed by an on-site environmental department staff of professionals and technicians, with
the support of the legal department in the San Juan office.
In December 2013, San Juan Province adopted a new provincial law that creates a registry of
approved local suppliers to be administered by the provincial mining ministry. In order to be
designated as a “local supplier,” a company must be based and domiciled in San Juan
Province, and must also hire 80% of its workforce from the Province. The new law requires
mining companies conducting exploration or exploitation activities in the Province, such as
MAGSRL, to allocate 75% of their annual purchases or contracts to such local suppliers. In
addition, MAGSRL is evaluating certain proposed amendments as well as a possible judicial
or administrative challenge to this law and notes that while the law is in place, it is currently
not enforced due to a lack of approved local suppliers on the registry.
Closure activities will be implemented to rehabilitate the land wherever possible, physically
stabilizing the soil and re-grading the affected areas to obtain topography similar to that of the
surrounding areas. These closure activities will also include the chemical stabilization of
affected materials and the physical stabilization of the VLF and mine waste embankments.
The shutdown and removal of the structures on the surface, including process facilities, will
also be carried out as part of the closure activities.
The plan includes closure and post-closure activities. Closure refers to the period during which
the final specifications of the closure design are met through activities such as chemical
stabilization of VLF, improvements to surface water channels, physical stabilization of mine
waste embankments, removal of selected infrastructure, re-grading of the site, and
construction of access controls and safety berms. It is anticipated that the closure activities
will last for several years after the termination of active mining and are necessary to achieve
the objectives and criteria of the post-closure design.
The post-closure phase begins after the termination of construction and water management
activities of the closure phase and will commence after the closure design specifications are
met. During this phase, activities will be limited to site monitoring, site inspections, and all
other activities necessary to comply with the established standards for water quality, such as
the seasonal evaporation of any liquid of meteoric origin in the leach pad that does not comply
with water quality standards. It is difficult to estimate the amount of time post-closure activities
will take, however, it is anticipated that post-closure activities will last for 10 to 15 years. The
current plan uses a post-closure period of 15 years.
• Comply with or exceed environmental agreements for the financing of the final closure.
• Protect the health and safety of the Veladero workforce during implementation of the
closure plan and the health and safety of the communities after the closure by
mitigating risks and hazards in such a way as to prevent the risks and hazards from
being more serious than they were before the development of Veladero.
• Propose long-term development on the site in order for its functions and values to
coincide with those of the surrounding areas, ensuring that closure design and
implementation comply with post-closure objectives concerning land use. For the
purpose of planning, the functions and values of the area are considered to comprise
visual (landscape), environmental (amount and quality of water, habitats and wildlife),
and economic aspects (future mining potential).
• Protect the environment and promote public health and safety, rehabilitating, to the
extent possible, the affected surfaces and water courses so that they can reach stability
for future land uses which should be compatible with the ones that existed prior to the
development of Veladero.
• Minimize the need for long-term maintenance and active care of the site during post-
closure.
SIMULTANEOUS REHABILITATION
The main activities of simultaneous rehabilitation that are to be carried out during the LOM
include the following:
• General areas
• Road rehabilitation
• Recovery of vegas
RECOVERY OF VEGAS
MAGSRL has committed to study the development of vegas, in order to improve and potentially
develop additional areas for vegas. This simultaneous rehabilitation program is developed
with the aid of specialists to study the potential for regeneration and relocation of vegas through
on site experiments.
REHABILITATION COSTS
Mine closure plans are reviewed and analyzed annually. As of December 31, 2017, the
provision for environmental rehabilitation (PER) recorded under International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRS) at Veladero based on existing disturbances on a discounted basis
was approximately US$112 million. Total estimated LOM closure costs based on existing and
future disturbances on an undiscounted basis are approximately US$132 million.
LOM Capital
Department
(US$ million)
Sustaining 94
VLF Expansion 185
Closure 132
Total 411
Notes:
1. Sustaining cost is for site infrastructure not directly related to mining, processing, or closure costs;
mine equipment sustaining costs are included in the operating costs for the remainder of the mine
life as there are no new major purchases planned.
2. Mine stripping costs are included in the operating costs.
3. Numbers may not add due to rounding.
OPERATING COSTS
Veladero has been in production since 2005. Operating costs are tracked and well understood.
Operating costs are estimated for the LOM, with projected inflationary increases. A summary
of the forecast LOM unit operating costs for Veladero are presented in Table 21-2.
The operating closure cost, correlated with tonnes mined and tonnes processed, is included
within the mining and processing unit costs. As of December 31, 2017, the PER recorded
under IFRS at Veladero based on existing disturbances on a discounted basis was
approximately US$112 million. Total estimated LOM closure costs based on existing and
future disturbances on an undiscounted basis are approximately US$132 million, as shown in
Table 21-1.
Table 21-3 presents a summary of historic actual operating costs from 2014 through 2017.
In RPA’s opinion, the LOM forecast operating costs, as presented in Table 21-2, are a
reasonable reflection of historic actual operating costs presented in Table 21-3. RPA notes
the historic actual mining costs are reported including waste stripping for comparison to the
forecast LOM mining cost. The forecast LOM mining cost indicates a greater increase over
historic costs primarily due to adjustments for inflation and increasing haulage distances in the
LOM production plan. As waste stripping costs are included in the mining unit costs and total
direct mining expenses, they have been excluded from sustaining capital expenses for the
purpose of Table 21-3.
Table 21-4 presents details of 2018 forecast unit operating costs, which are the basis for the
LOM operating cost estimates.
2018
Item Units Forecast
Mining Cost Centre Breakdown:
Mining Manpower $/t mined 0.85
Drilling $/t mined 0.41
Blasting $/t mined 0.32
Loading $/t mined 0.66
Hauling $/t mined 0.75
Mine Sustaining $/t mined 0.10
Incremental Haul - CRUSH $/t moved 0.24
Incremental Haul - ROM $/t moved 1.32
Rehandle - CRUSH $/t moved 1.84
2018
Item Units Forecast
Major Cost Drivers – Process (Included in Process Cost Centre):
Cyanide $/t process 0.08
Lime $/t process 0.04
Zinc $/t process 0.03
Electricity $/t process 0.86
RPA notes that unit cost application is dependent on material type, thus total unit cost is not
the sum of all items as presented in Table 21-4. By example, ROM ore incurs mining costs
and an incremental ROM ore specific haulage charge. As ROM ore is not stockpiled, it does
not incur a rehandle charge. In addition, the ROM ore incurs processing costs, however, no
heap leach placement as this is included in the incremental ROM ore haulage. Lastly, ROM
ore does not incur G&A unit costs as these are carried by only the CRUSH ore.
MANPOWER
Total Veladero mine manpower is approximately 3,977 persons. Direct Veladero mine site
employees are 1,477 along with an average of 2,500 contractors and consultants for the year
between summer high season and winter low season. The breakdown of manpower by area
is provided in Table 21-5.
Department Count
Mine 519
Maintenance 467
Process 153
IROC 34
General 275
Construction 29
Subtotal 1,477
Contractors 2,500
Total Mine Site 3,977
Notes:
1. Numbers may not add due to rounding.
2. Contractors includes both on-site and off-site personnel and is average for the
year between summer high season and winter low season.
Major contracts currently in place at site are for the VLF expansion construction, operation of
the camp facilities, equipment maintenance and assistance, and site security and logistics
services.
Offsite manpower, primarily located in the San Juan office and used to maintain the access
road, is an additional approximately 130 persons. Direct Veladero employees in San Juan are
approximately 95.
22 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Under NI 43-101 rules, producing issuers may exclude the information required in Section 22
- Economic Analysis on properties currently in production, unless the Technical Report
includes a material expansion of current production. RPA notes that Barrick is a producing
issuer, the Veladero Mine is currently in production, and a material expansion is not being
planned. RPA has performed an economic analysis of the Veladero Mine using the estimates
presented in this report and confirms that the outcome is a positive cash flow that supports the
statement of Mineral Reserves.
23 ADJACENT PROPERTIES
Barrick’s Pascua-Lama gold and silver project is located less than 10 km to the northwest of
Veladero. The Pascua-Lama Project straddles the border between Argentina and Chile and
its development has been lengthy and complicated for a number of reasons including the need
to have bi-national support. Barrick has temporarily suspended construction on the project in
Chile and Argentina, except for those activities required for environmental and regulatory
compliance. A decision to restart development of the project will depend on improved
economics and more certainty regarding legal and permitting matters. Barrick is currently
assessing options to optimize and redesign the project. Pascua Lama’s primary access route
is the same all-weather access road used by Veladero.
• All of the remaining resources and reserves are found in the Veladero area within the
Filo Federico and Cuatro Esquinas zones, both of which are within the Filo Federico
pit.
• The resource estimate gold cut-off grades (COG) for Filo Federico are equivalent to
approximately 0.14 g/t for Type 1 mineralization and approximately 0.26 g/t Au for Type
2 mineralization. The resource COGs are estimated in accordance with standard
industry practice.
• The current drill hole database is reasonable for supporting a resource model for use
in Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimation.
• Exploration and development sampling and analysis programs use standard practices,
providing generally reasonable results. The resulting data can effectively be used for
the estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves.
• Overall, RPA is of the opinion that MAGSRL has done high quality work that exceeds
industry practice.
of gold and 101 Moz of silver. Approximately 93% of reserves within the open pit are
Type 1 ore, with the remainder being Type 2 ore.
• The Mineral Reserve estimate gold COGs are equivalent to approximately 0.18 g/t Au
for Type 1 ore and approximately 0.32 g/t Au for Type 2 ore. The reserve COGs are
estimated in accordance with standard industry practice.
• The Mineral Reserve estimates have been prepared utilizing acceptable estimation
methodologies and the classification of Proven and Probable Reserves conforms to
CIM (2014) definitions.
• Recovery and cost estimates are based on actual operating data and engineering
estimates.
• Economic analysis of the Veladero LOM plan generates a positive cash flow and, in
RPA’s opinion, meets the requirements for statement of Mineral Reserves. In addition
to the Mineral Reserves in the LOM plan, there are Mineral Resources that represent
opportunities for the future.
• MAGSRL has identified a potential opportunity to steepen certain final pit slopes of the
Filo Federico pit. Up to 120 m of final pit slopes have begun in Phase 5 and 6 at the
steeper slope angles. Independent confirmation of final pit slope angles is expected in
late 2017. Golder has reviewed the geotechnical model and has commented that it is
sufficiently reliable to support the proposed steeper slopes and is working with
MAGSRL on implementation and operational practices of the steeper pit slopes
• Deformation cracks have developed post closure on the South WRF, which Golder has
identified as a potential stability risk. Further movement has the potential to encroach
on a portion of the north flank of the VLF. RPA notes this does not limit current capacity
of the VLF or planned expansion to the west. In addition, MAGSRL is in discussion
with Golder with regards to conducting a stability assessment of the South WRF.
• RPA notes that there is an opportunity to extend the life of the Filo Federico pit with
minor overall improvements in economic parameters. Potential exists for an additional
four years of operations.
PROCESS
• The process facilities appear to be operating well. The operation of the VLF is subject
to certain regulatory parameters set forth in the 2014 Fourth Update to the Mine’s EIA.
The regulatory approval of the 2014 update to the Mine’s EIA and a related 2016
regulatory resolution specifies the VLF Trigger Limits that, if exceeded, will trigger the
VLF contingency plan and restrictions that constrain fresh water make-up and cyanide
addition for the duration of any such exceedance.
• The Mine has acquired all of the material permits necessary to operate the VLF up to
Phase 5B. The fifth update of the EIA of the Veladero Mine was approved in December
2016. The fifth update as submitted by MAGSRL included a request for approval of
the VLF expansion for Phases 6 to 9. Environmental approval for Phases 6 to 9 was
confirmed on May 19, 2017 by the San Juan Mining Minister, however, the construction
of these phases is subject to additional permitting, which is in progress.
• The sixth EIA update was submitted in February 2016, but its evaluation is still under
review. Given the situation that it is still under review, MAGSRL applied for, and the
Ministry of Mining has granted extension for, filing of the seventh update of the EIA.
MAGSRL has prepared the seventh update of the EIA covering the period from January
2014, to June 2017, and filed it on February 9, 2018, with the Ministry of Mining.
• The overland conveyor has been shut down since February 2015, due to mechanical
issues. There is currently no plan to restart the conveyor. Mine haul trucks are used
to haul crushed ore from the primary crushers direct to the VLF. In 2016, four new haul
trucks were added to the mine fleet to maintain production levels due to the additional
ore haulage demands as a result of the conveyor belt shutdown.
• Subsequent to the December 31, 2017, Mineral Resource estimate and as part of
continuing LOM improvements, MAGSRL assessed the continued leaching of stacked
ore for an additional four years (the Transition Period) after the completion of ore mining
activities in 2024. Metal recovery of approximately 0.5 Moz of gold and 1.2 Moz of
silver is estimated over the Transition Period from 2024 to 2028, which is not included
in the Mineral Reserve estimate.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
• Veladero has an EMP that is certified under the ISO 14001 standards.
• Mine closure plans are reviewed and analyzed annually. As of December 31, 2017,
the PER recorded under IFRS at Veladero based on existing disturbances on a
discounted basis was approximately US$112 million. Total estimated LOM closure
costs based on existing and future disturbances on an undiscounted basis are
approximately US$132 million.
• On September 8, 2016, ice rolling down the slope of the leach pad damaged a pipe
carrying process solution, causing some material to leave the leach pad. This material,
primarily crushed ore saturated with process solution, was contained on the mine site
and returned to the leach pad. Extensive water monitoring in the area conducted by
MAGSRL confirmed that the incident did not result in any environmental impacts. A
temporary suspension of operations at the Mine was ordered by the San Juan
provincial mining authority and a provincial court on September 15, 2016 and
September 22, 2016, respectively, as a result of this incident. On October 4, 2016,
following, among other matters, the completion of certain urgent works required by the
San Juan provincial mining authority and a judicial inspection of the mine, the San Juan
provincial court lifted the suspension of operations and ordered that mining activities
be resumed.
• On March 28, 2017, the monitoring system at the Mine detected a rupture of a pipe
carrying gold-bearing process solution on the leach pad. This solution was contained
within the operating site; no solution reached any diversion channels or watercourses.
All affected soil was promptly excavated and placed on the leach pad. MAGSRL
notified regulatory authorities of the situation, and San Juan provincial authorities
inspected the site on March 29, 2017. On March 29, 2017, the San Juan provincial
mining authority issued a violation notice against MAGSRL in connection with this
incident and ordered a temporary restriction on the addition of new cyanide to the leach
pad until corrective actions on the system were completed. The mining authority lifted
the suspension on June 15, 2017, following inspection of the corrective actions. On
January 23, 2018, in accordance with local requirements, MAGSRL paid an
administrative fine of approximately US$5.6 million (at the then-applicable Argentine
peso/US$ exchange rate) in connection with the September 2016 and March 2017
incidents and filed a request for reconsideration with the San Juan provincial mining
authority, which remains pending.
• In RPA’s opinion, it is reasonable to assume that the situations have been resolved in
a timely manner, thus not impacting the current Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve
estimates.
RISKS
RPA has undertaken analysis of the project risks. Table 25-1 summarizes the project risks
and RPA’s assessment of the risk degrees and consequences, as well as ongoing/required
mitigation measures. RPA notes that the degree of risk refers to our subjective assessment
as to how the identified risk could affect the achievement of the Project objectives.
Veladero has been in production for over 10 years and is a mature operation.
In RPA’s opinion, there are not any significant risks and uncertainties that could reasonably be
expected to affect the reliability or confidence in the exploration information, mineral resource
or mineral reserve estimates.
In RPA’s opinion, the pit slope steepening initiative represents a Low to Medium risk to
projected economic outcomes (mineral reserves remain reasonable and economic). Historic
operations have shown that with relatively minimal wall control effort, the previously employed
pit slope angles are achievable. The difference in LOM waste tonnage between the historic
pit slope angles and current design is approximately 46 Mt.
Currently, RPA is of the opinion that there are no environmental issues that directly affect
Mineral Reserves or Mineral Resources. The environmental and regulatory requirements are
managed by an on-site environmental department staff of professionals and technicians who
manage risks by undertaking more detailed technical studies and risk assessments and are
supported by the legal department in the San Juan office.
26 RECOMMENDATIONS
RPA makes the following recommendations:
• RPA concurs with the implementation of a new blast hole sampling procedure.
• RPA recommends developing a stability mitigation program for the South WRF with
the assistance of a qualified geotechnical engineer.
PROCESS
• Continue to monitor that the operation of the VLF is conforming to VLF Trigger Limits.
PERMITTING
• Continue to advance permitting for construction of Phase 6 and all subsequent phases
of the VLF in a timely manner.
27 REFERENCES
Analytical Solutions Ltd., 2005, Veladero Mine Laboratory Review, Argentina, Internal Report
Prepared for Barrick Gold Corporation, Prepared by Lynda Bloom, and Dated June 2005,
44 p.
Analytical Solutions Ltd., 2006, Veladero Mine Laboratory Operations, Internal Report
Prepared for Barrick Gold Corporation, Prepared by Lynda Bloom, and Dated December
2006, 27 p. Barrick Gold Corporation, 2004, Resource and Reserve 2004 Year End
Update, Veladero Mine, December 31, 2004, 76 p.
Barrick Gold Corporation, 2005, Technical Report, Veladero Property, San Juan Province,
Argentina, a NI 43-101 report by Marion, R., and Davidson, A., March 30, 2005.
Barrick Gold Corporation, 2017, Management Discussion and Analysis, Q3 Quarterly Report,
October 26, 2017, p. 40.
Berbe, L., 2011, Validacion Reportes de Laboratorio Anteriores el Ano 2005, Internal Barrick
Memorandum Dated November 4, 2011, 2 p.
Charchaflié, D., Tosdal, R.M., and Mortensen, J.K., 2007, Geologic Framework of the Veladero
High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit Area, Cordillera Frontal, Argentina, Economic
Geology, Vol. 102, pp. 171-192, March-April 2007.
Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM), 2014, CIM Definition Standards
for Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, Prepared by the CIM Standing Committee
on Reserve Definitions, Adopted by CIM Council on May 10, 2014, 9 p.
Ferrero, S., 2015, Memo Validación del diseño geomecanico rajo Federico, a memorandum
by SRK Consulting Argentina S.A. to Minera Argentina Gold S.A., Doc. 51-3045-01-001-
0, January 20, 2015.
Golder Associates Inc., 2017, Pit Slope Review, Veladero Mine, December 2017, 98 p.
Golder Associates Inc., 2017, Pit Slope Review, Veladero Mine, March 2017, 92 p.
Golder Associates Inc., 2011, Veladero Pit Slope Review, Veladero Mine, prepared by Major,
G., October 7, 2011, 33 p.
Golder Associates Inc., 2007, Report on Review of Pit Slope Performance, Veladero Project,
Argentina, January 2007.
Golder Associates Inc., 2003, Executive Summary, Report dated August 2003, 13 p.
Golder Associates Inc., 2002, Report, Veladero Property, San Juan Province, Argentina. Pit
Slope Design revision for pre-feasibility. Dated September 2002, 174 p.
Harwardt, A., 2006, Chequeo Cruzado del 5% de los Rechazos Totales en Dos Laboratorios,
Laboratorio Alex Stewart y el Laboratorio de MAGSA en Mina Veladero. Complemento al
Informe Tecnico del Programa sde Aseguramente del Control de Calidad del Primer
Semestre dem Ano 2006. Internal Barrick Report Dated November 2006.
Resource Evaluation Inc., 2003, Audit of Mineral Resources, Veladero Project, San Juan,
Argentina, Report by Mike Lechner Dated April 15, 2005, 52 p.
Resource Modeling Inc., 2007, Resource Model Review, a Letter Report by Mike Lechner
Dated May 16, 2007, 53 p.
Romeu, G., 2017, 2017 Mid-Year Cut-Off Grade Report, Veladero Mine, Barrick Gold
Corporation, July 2017, 23 p.
RPA, 2012, Technical Report on the Veladero Gold Mine, San Juan Province, Argentina, a NI
43-101 Technical Report for Barrick Gold Corporation Dated March 16, 2012.
RPA, 2014, Technical Report on the Veladero Gold Mine, San Juan Province, Argentina, a NI
43-101 Technical Report for Barrick Gold Corporation Dated March 27, 2014, 149 p.
Sanfurgo, B., and Juarez, S., 2017, Reporte Estimacion de Recursos MY2017 Veladero Mine,
Internal Barrick Report Dated June 2017, 41 p.
Scott Wilson RPA, 2008, Mineral Resource and Reserve Audit of the Veladero Gold Mine, San
Juan Province, Argentina. Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc., May 10, 2008, 137
p.
Smee, B.W., 1998, A Review of Sampling, Analytical and Reporting Procedures During the
1997-1998 Drilling Campaign, Veladero Project, Argentina. MAG Internal Report, July
1998, 11 p.
Smee, B.W., 1999, Results of an External Audit of the Quality Control Database, Veladero
Project, San Juan, Argentina, Prepared for Minera Argentina Gold S.A., March 1999, 14 p.
Smee, B.W., 2001, Results of an External Audit of the Quality Control Database, Veladero
Project, San Juan, Argentina, Prepared for Minera Argentina Gold S.A., June 2001, 28 p.
Smee, B.W., 2002, Results of an External Audit of the Quality Control Database, Veladero
Project, San Juan, Argentina, Prepared for Minera Argentina Gold S.A., June 2002, 23 p.
SNC-Lavalin Engineers & Constructors Inc., 2002, Veladero Technical and Economic
Evaluation, Argentina, prepared for Barrick Gold Corporation, 10 volumes, September
2002.
Vector Argentina S.A., 2007, Report, Veladero Property, San Juan Province, Argentina.
Geotechnical report by Vector on Valley Fill Heap Leach. Dated December 2007, 23 p.
Vildozo, Carlos, Validacion Coordenadas Sondajes Veladero, Barrick List of Drill holes
Checked, 7 p.
Dated at Toronto, ON
March 19, 2018 Luke Evans, P.Eng.
Principal Geologist
Dated at Toronto, ON
March 19, 2018 Glen Ehasoo, P.Eng.
Principal Mining Engineer
Dated at Toronto, ON
March 19, 2018 Holger Krutzelmann, P.Eng.
Associate Principal Metallurgist
4. I have read the definition of "qualified person" set out in National Instrument 43-101 (NI
43-101) and certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional
association (as defined in NI 43-101) and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the
requirements to be a "qualified person" for the purposes of NI 43-101.
6. I am responsible for the overall preparation, Sections 3 to 12, 14, and 23 and
contributed to Sections 1, 2, 24, 25, 26, and 27 of the Technical Report.
7. I am independent of the Issuer applying the test set out in Section 1.5 of NI 43-101.
8. I have previously prepared audits and NI 43-101 Technical Reports on the Veladero
Mine and visited the property on the following occasions:
• from May 9 to 12, 2016, as part of a NI 43-101 Technical Report on the 2015
year-end resource and reserve estimates.
• from February 10 to 14, 2014, as part of a NI 43-101 Technical Report on the
2013 year-end resource and reserve estimates.
• from November 7 to 11, 2011, as part of an audit and a NI 43-101 Technical
Report on the 2011 year-end resource and reserve estimates.
• from November 11 to 15, 2007 as part of an audit of the 2007 year-end resource
and reserve estimates.
9. I have read NI 43-101, and the Technical Report has been prepared in compliance with
NI 43-101 and Form 43-101F1.
10. At the effective date of the Technical Report, to the best of my knowledge, information,
and belief, the Technical Report contains all scientific and technical information that is
required to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading.
GLEN A. EHASOO
I, Glen A. Ehasoo, P.Eng., as an author of this report titled “Technical Report on the Veladero
Gold Mine, San Juan Province, Argentina”, prepared for Barrick Gold Corporation, and dated
March 19, 2018, do hereby certify that:
1. I am a Principal Mining Engineer with Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. of Suite 501, 55
University Ave Toronto, ON, M5J 2H7.
4. I have read the definition of "qualified person" set out in National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-
101) and certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional association
(as defined in NI 43-101) and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be
a "qualified person" for the purposes of NI 43-101.
6. I am responsible Sections 15, 16, 19, 21, and 22 and contributed to Sections 1, 2, 18, 24,
25, 26, and 27 of the Technical Report.
7. I am independent of the Issuer applying the test set out in Section 1.5 of NI 43-101.
8. I have previously prepared an audit and NI 43-101 Technical Reports on the Veladero Mine
and visited the property on the following occasions:
• from May 9 to 12, 2016, as part of a NI 43-101 Technical Report on the 2015
year-end resource and reserve estimates.
• from February 10 to 14, 2014, as part of a NI 43-101 Technical Report on the
2013 year-end resource and reserve estimates.
• from November 7 to 11, 2011, as part of an audit and a NI 43-101 Technical
Report on the 2011 year-end resource and reserve estimates.
9. I have read NI 43-101, and the Technical Report has been prepared in compliance with NI
43-101 and Form 43-101F1.
10. At the effective date of the Technical Report, to the best of my knowledge, information, and
belief, the Technical Report contains all scientific and technical information that is required
to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading.
HOLGER KRUTZELMANN
I, Holger Krutzelmann, P. Eng., as an author of this report titled “Technical Report on the
Veladero Gold Mine, San Juan Province, Argentina”, prepared for Barrick Gold Corporation,
and dated March 19, 2018, do hereby certify that:
1. I am an Associate Principal Metallurgist with Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. of Suite 501,
55 University Ave Toronto, ON M5J 2H7.
4. I have read the definition of "qualified person" set out in National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-
101) and certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional association
(as defined in NI 43-101) and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be
a "qualified person" for the purposes of NI 43-101.
5. I did not visit the Veladero Mine. I had previously visited the Veladero Mine from May 9 to
12, 2016 and from February 10 to 14, 2014.
6. I am responsible for Sections 13, 17, and 20 and contributed to Sections 1, 2, 18, 24, 25,
26, and 27 of the Technical Report.
7. I am independent of the Issuer applying the test set out in Section 1.5 of NI 43-101.
8. I have previously prepared an audit and NI 43-101 Technical Reports on the Veladero Mine
and visited the property on the following occasions:
• from May 9 to 12, 2016, as part of a NI 43-101 Technical Report on the 2015
year-end resource and reserve estimates.
• from February 10 to 14, 2014, as part of a NI 43-101 Technical Report on the
2013 year-end resource and reserve estimates.
9. I have read NI 43-101, and the Technical Report has been prepared in compliance with NI
43-101 and Form 43-101F1.
10. At the effective date of the Technical Report, to the best of my knowledge, information, and
belief, the Technical Report contains all scientific and technical information that is required
to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading.