AST 131 C Lec-7

AST 131
Programming with C/C++

Lecture-07: C function
Tahmina Akter
Lecturer of Applied Statistics,

Institute of Statistical Research and Training (ISRT),
University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Email: [email protected]
May, 2018
ogramming with
WHAT IS C FUNCTION?
● A large C program is divided into basic building blocks
called C function. C function contains set of instructions
enclosed by “{ }” which performs specific operation in a C
program. Actually, Collection of these functions creates a C
program.
USES OF C FUNCTIONS:
● C functions are used to avoid rewriting same logic/code again
and again in a program.
● There is no limit in calling C functions to make use of same
functionality wherever required.
● We can call functions any number of times in a program and
from any place in a program.
● A large C program can easily be tracked when it is divided into
functions.
● The core concept of C functions are, re-usability, dividing a big
task into small pieces to achieve the functionality and to
improve understandability of very large C programs.
Example
#include<stdio.h>
// function prototype, also called function declaration
float square ( float x );
// main function, program starts from here
int main( )
{
float m, n ;
printf ( "\nEnter some number for finding square \n");
scanf ( "%f", &m ) ;
// function call
n = square ( m ) ;
printf ( "\nSquare of the given number %f is %f",m,n );
}
Example
float square ( float x ) // function definition
{
float p ;
p=x*x;
return ( p ) ;
}
Another approach
#include<stdio.h>
float square ( float x );
int main( )
{
float m, n ;
printf ( "Enter some number for finding square \n");
scanf ( "%f", &m ) ;
// function call
square ( m ) ;
}
float square ( float x ) // function definition

{
float p ;
p=x*x;
printf ( "\nSquare of the number is %f",p );
}
Task 21.1
Write a C function square that inputs a limit and calculate the
squares of positive integers upto that limit.
Solution 21.1
# include <stdio.h>
int square (int y);
int main ( void )
{
int x;
for(x=1; x <=10; ++x) {
printf ("%d ", square (x));
}
}
int square (int y)
{
return y * y;
}
C array function
Write a C program to multiply two arrays using function.

Example: C array function
#include <stdio.h>
int sos(int x[], int y[]);
int main()
{
int p[3]={1, 6, 3};
int q[3]={2, 4, 1};
int z[3]={1, 1, 1};
int sx, ssx, sy, ssy, sxy;
sx=sos(p,z);
ssx=sos(p,p);
sy=sos(q, z);
ssy=sos(q,q);
sxy=sos(p,q);
Example: C array function
printf("%2s%4s%4s%4s%4s\n", "sx", "ssx", "sy", "ssy",
"sxy");
printf("%2d%4d%4d%4d%4d\n", sx, ssx, sy, ssy, sxy);
return 0;
}
//Subprogram
int sos(int x[], int y[]){
int i, sum=0;
for(i=0; i<3; i++){
sum+=x[i]*y[i];
}
return sum;
}
Task 21.2
Write a C function factorial that inputs n and calculate n!.
Solution 21.2 (Factorial function)
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned long long int fact (unsigned int number);
int main(void)
{
unsigned i;
for (i=1; i<=10; ++i){
printf("%u!=%11u\n", i, fact(i));
}
}
Solution 21.2 cont…
unsigned long long int fact (unsigned int number)
{
unsigned counter; int prod=1;
for(counter=number; counter>=1; counter--)
{
prod*=counter;
}
return prod;
}
Problem
Write a program in C to find the sum of the series
1!/1+2!/2+3!/3+4!/4+5!/5 using the function.
Solution
#include <stdio.h>
int fact(int);
void main()
{
int sum;
sum=fact(1)/1+fact(2)/2+fact(3)/3+fact(4)/4+fact(5)/5;
printf("The sum of the series is : %d\n\n",sum);
}
Solution
int fact(int n)
{
int num=0,f=1;
while(num<=n-1)
{
f =f+f*num;
num++;
}
return f;
}
Task 21.3
Write a C function combination that inputs n and x, and
calculate combination of n and x
Solution 21.3 (Combination function)
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned long long int fact (unsigned int number);
int main(void)
{
unsigned i, n, x, ncx;
printf("Enter the value of n and x:");
scanf("%u %u", &n, &x);
ncx=fact(n)/(fact(x)*fact(n-x));
printf("The value of ncx is: %u", ncx);
}
Solution 21.3 cont…
unsigned long long int fact (unsigned int number)

{
unsigned counter; int prod=1;
for(counter=number; counter>=1; counter--)
{
prod*=counter;
}
return prod;
}

AST 131 C Lec-7

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AST 131

Programming with C/C++

Lecturer of Applied Statistics,

float square ( float x ) // function definition

Write a C program to multiply two arrays using function.

unsigned long long int fact (unsigned int number)

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