VL6180X Laser Sensor Datasheet

VL6180X
Proximity and ambient light sensing (ALS) module
Datasheet - production data
• Two programmable GPIO

– Window and thresholding functions for both
ranging and ALS
Applications
• Smartphones/portable touchscreen devices
• Tablet/laptop/gaming devices
• Domestic appliances/industrial devices
Features
Description
• Three-in-one smart optical module
– Proximity sensor The VL6180X is the latest product based on ST’s
patented FlightSense™ technology. This is a
– Ambient Light Sensor
ground-breaking technology allowing absolute
– VCSEL light source distance to be measured independent of target
• Fast, accurate distance ranging reflectance. Instead of estimating the distance by
– Measures absolute range from 0 to above measuring the amount of light reflected back from
10 cm (ranging beyond 10cm is dependent the object (which is significantly influenced by
on conditions) color and surface), the VL6180X precisely
– Independent of object reflectance measures the time the light takes to travel to the
nearest object and reflect back to the sensor
– Ambient light rejection
(Time-of-Flight).
– Cross-talk compensation for cover glass
Combining an IR emitter, a range sensor and an
• Gesture recognition
ambient light sensor in a three-in-one ready-to-
– Distance and signal level can be used by use reflowable package, the VL6180X is easy to
host system to implement gesture integrate and saves the end-product maker long
recognition and costly optical and mechanical design
– Demo system available: P-NUCLEO- optimizations.
6180X1 evaluation board
The module is designed for low power operation.
• Ambient light sensor Ranging and ALS measurements can be
– High dynamic range automatically performed at user defined intervals.
– Accurate/sensitive in ultra-low light Multiple threshold and interrupt schemes are
– Calibrated output value in lux supported to minimize host operations.
• Easy integration Host control and result reading is performed using
– Single reflowable component an I2C interface. Optional additional functions,
– No additional optics such as measurement ready and threshold
interrupts, are provided by two programmable
– Single power supply
GPIO pins.
– I2C interface for device control and data
– Provided with a documented C portable
API (Application Programming Interface)
March 2016 DocID026171 Rev 7 1/87

This is information on a product in full production. www.st.com
Contents VL6180X
Contents
1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.1 Technical specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2 System block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3 Device pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4 Typical application schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5 Recommended solder pad dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
1.6 Recommended reflow profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
2 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.1 Ranging pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 System state diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3 Timing diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.4 Software overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5 Operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5.1 Polling mode - single shot range/ALS measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.5.2 Interrupt mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
VL6180x_RangeConfigInterrupt() or VL6180x_AlsConfigInterrupt() . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Continuous mode limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.5.3 Asynchronous mode - single shot range measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.5.4 Interleaved mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.6 History buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.7 Range Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.7.1 Range timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.7.2 Range error codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.7.3 Range checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Early convergence estimate (ECE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Range ignore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.7.4 Manual/autoVHV calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.7.5 Wrap Around Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.7.6 Maximum ranging distance (DMAX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.8 Other ranging system considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.8.1 Part-to-part range offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
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2.8.2 Cross-talk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.8.3 Offset calibration procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.8.4 Cross-talk calibration procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.8.5 Cross-talk limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.8.6 Cross-talk vs air gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.9 Current consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.9.1 Ranging current consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.9.2 Current consumption calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.9.3 Current distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.10 Ambient light sensor (ALS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.10.1 Field of view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.10.2 Spectral response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.10.3 ALS dynamic range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.10.4 ALS count to lux conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.10.5 Integration period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.10.6 ALS gain selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.10.7 Scaler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3 Performance specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.1 Proximity ranging (0 to 100mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.1.1 Max range vs. ambient light level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.2 ALS performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4 I2C control interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

4.1 I2C interface - timing characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.1 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.2 Normal operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
6 Device registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6.1 Register encoding formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6.2 Register descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.2.1 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.2.2 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MAJOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
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Contents VL6180X
6.2.3 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MINOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.2.4 IDENTIFICATION__MODULE_REV_MAJOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6.2.5 IDENTIFICATION__MODULE_REV_MINOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6.2.6 IDENTIFICATION__DATE_HI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6.2.7 IDENTIFICATION__DATE_LO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6.2.8 IDENTIFICATION__TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6.2.9 SYSTEM__MODE_GPIO0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6.2.10 SYSTEM__MODE_GPIO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6.2.11 SYSTEM__HISTORY_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
6.2.12 SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CONFIG_GPIO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
6.2.13 SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CLEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
6.2.14 SYSTEM__FRESH_OUT_OF_RESET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6.2.15 SYSTEM__GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6.2.16 SYSRANGE__START . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6.2.17 SYSRANGE__THRESH_HIGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6.2.18 SYSRANGE__THRESH_LOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.2.19 SYSRANGE__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.2.20 SYSRANGE__MAX_CONVERGENCE_TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.2.21 SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_COMPENSATION_RATE . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6.2.22 SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_VALID_HEIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6.2.23 SYSRANGE__EARLY_CONVERGENCE_ESTIMATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6.2.24 SYSRANGE__PART_TO_PART_RANGE_OFFSET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
6.2.25 SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_VALID_HEIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
6.2.26 SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_THRESHOLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
6.2.27 SYSRANGE__MAX_AMBIENT_LEVEL_MULT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6.2.28 SYSRANGE__RANGE_CHECK_ENABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6.2.29 SYSRANGE__VHV_RECALIBRATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
6.2.30 SYSRANGE__VHV_REPEAT_RATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
6.2.31 SYSALS__START . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
6.2.32 SYSALS__THRESH_HIGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
6.2.33 SYSALS__THRESH_LOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6.2.34 SYSALS__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6.2.35 SYSALS__ANALOGUE_GAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.2.36 SYSALS__INTEGRATION_PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.2.37 RESULT__RANGE_STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6.2.38 RESULT__ALS_STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6.2.39 RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
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6.2.40 RESULT__ALS_VAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
6.2.41 RESULT__HISTORY_BUFFER_x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
6.2.42 RESULT__RANGE_VAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.2.43 RESULT__RANGE_RAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.2.44 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_RATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.2.45 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_RATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
6.2.46 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_SIGNAL_COUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
6.2.47 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_SIGNAL_COUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.2.48 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_AMB_COUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.2.49 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_AMB_COUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.2.50 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_CONV_TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.2.51 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_CONV_TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.2.52 READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.2.53 FIRMWARE__BOOTUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.2.54 FIRMWARE__RESULT_SCALER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.2.55 I2C_SLAVE__DEVICE_ADDRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.2.56 INTERLEAVED_MODE__ENABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
7 Outline drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
8 Laser safety considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

8.1 Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
9 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
9.1 Traceability and identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
9.2 Part marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
9.3 Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
9.3.1 Package labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
9.4 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
9.5 ROHS compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
10 ECOPACK® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
11 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
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5
List of tables VL6180X
List of tables
Table 1. Technical specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Table 2. VL6180X pin numbers and signal descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 3. Recommended reflow profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table 4. Power-up timing constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 5. API supported operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 6. VL6180X range operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 7. VL6180X ALS operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 8. Non API operating modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 9. Interleaved mode limits (10 Hz operation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 10. History buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 11. Typical range convergence time (ms). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 12. Range error codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 13. Typical current consumption in different operating states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table 14. Breakdown of current consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 15. Current consumption on AVDD and AVDD_VCSEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 16. ALS dynamic range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 17. Actual gain values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table 18. Ranging specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Table 19. Worst case max range vs. ambient 0 to 100mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Table 20. ALS performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 21. I2C interface - timing characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Table 22. Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Table 23. Normal operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Table 24. Digital I/O electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 25. Register groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 26. 32-bit register example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 27. 9.7 and 4.4 register formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 28. Register summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 29. Delivery format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Table 30. Storage conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Table 31. Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

VL6180X List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1. VL6180X block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 2. VL6180X pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 3. Root part number 1 schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Figure 4. Recommended solder pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 5. Recommended reflow profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 6. Typical ranging performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Figure 7. ALS linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Figure 8. Ranging pipe architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Figure 9. System state diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 10. Power-up timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 11. Simple ALS routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Figure 12. Simple range routine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Figure 13. Range polling mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Figure 14. ALS polling mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Figure 15. Range Interrupt mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Figure 16. ALS Interrupt mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Figure 17. Asynchronous mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 18. Interleaved mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 19. Interleaved mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 20. Total range execution time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Figure 21. Early convergence estimate (ECE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 22. Wrap around - far target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Figure 23. Part-to-part range offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Figure 24. Cross-talk compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Figure 25. Cross-talk vs air gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Figure 26. Typical ranging current consumption (10 Hz sampling rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Figure 27. VCSEL pulse duty cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Figure 28. ALS angular response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Figure 29. ALS spectral response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Figure 30. Serial interface data transfer protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Figure 31. I2C device address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Figure 32. Single location, single write) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Figure 33. Single location, single read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Figure 34. Multiple location write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Figure 35. Multiple location read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
I2
Figure 36. C timing characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Figure 37. Outline drawing (page 1/2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Figure 38. Outline drawing (page 2/2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Figure 39. Class 1 laser product label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Figure 40. Part marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Figure 41. Tape and reel packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Figure 42. Package labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
DocID026171 Rev 7 7/87

7
Overview VL6180X
1 Overview
This datasheet is applicable to the final VL6180X ROM code revision.
1.1 Technical specification

Table 1. Technical specification
Feature Detail
Package Optical LGA12

Size 4.8 x 2.8 x 1.0 mm
Ranging 0 to 100 mm(1)
< 1 Lux up to 100 kLux(2)
Ambient light sensor 16-bit output(3)
8 manual gain settings
Operating voltage:
• Functional range 2.6 to 3.0 V
• Optimum range(4) 2.7 to 2.9 V
Operating temperature:
• Functional range -20 to 70°C
• Optimum range(4) -10 to 60°C
Hardware standby (GPIO0 = 0): < 1 μA(5)

Software standby: < 1 μA(5.)
Typical power consumption
ALS: 300 μA
Ranging: 1.7 mA (typical average)(6)
IR emitter 850 nm
400 kHz serial bus
I2C
Address: 0x29 (7-bit)
1. Ranging beyond 100mm is dependent on target reflectance and external conditions (ambient light level,
temperature, voltage)
2. When used under a cover glass with 10% transmission in the visible spectrum
3. Digital output easily converted to Lux
4. Please refer to Table 18.: Ranging specification
5. GPIO0, GPIO1, SCL and SDA are pulled up to AVDD (2.8V)
6. Assumes 10 Hz sampling rate, 17% reflective target at 50 mm
8/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

VL6180X Overview
1.2 System block diagram

Figure 1. VL6180X block diagram
VL6180X module
VL6180X silicon
GPIO-0 AVDD
Ranging ALS
GPIO-1 AVDD_VCSEL
Microcontroller
SDA AVSS
NVM RAM
SCL IR emitter driver AVSS_VCSEL

IR- IR+
IR emitter
1.3 Device pinout

Figure 2 shows the pinout of the VL6180X.
Figure 2. VL6180X pinout
VL6180X
GPIO1 1 12 AVSS
NC 2 11 NC
NC 3 10 AVDD
GPIO0 4 9 AVSS_VCSEL
SCL 5 8 AVDD_VCSEL
SDA 6 7 NC
DocID026171 Rev 7 9/87

86
Overview VL6180X
Table 2. VL6180X pin numbers and signal descriptions

Pin number Signal name Signal type Signal description
Interrupt output. Open-drain. If used,

1 GPIO1 Digital I/O it should be pulled high with 47 kΩ
resistor, otherwise left unconnected.
2 NC No connect
3 NC No connect
Power-up default is chip enable
4 GPIO0/CE Digital I/O (CE). It should be pulled high with a
47 kΩ resistor.
5 SCL Digital input I2C serial clock
6 SDA Digital I/O I2C serial data
7 NC No connect
8 AVDD_VCSEL Supply VCSEL power supply 2.6 to 3.0 V
9 AVSS_VCSEL Ground VCSEL ground
Digital/analog power supply 2.6 to
10 AVDD Supply
3.0 V
11 NC No connect
12 AVSS Ground Digital/analog ground
1.4 Typical application schematic

Figure 3 shows a typical application schematic of the VL6180X.
Figure 3. Root part number 1 schematic
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1. Open drain. If pin is used, then 47 kΩ recommended, otherwise leave floating

2. Open drain, 47 kΩ recommended
3. Open drain. Pull up resistors typically fitted once per I2C bus at host
Note: Capacitors on AVDD and AVDD_VCSEL should be placed as close as possible to the
supply pads.
10/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

VL6180X Overview
1.5 Recommended solder pad dimensions

Figure 4. Recommended solder pattern
Pad pitch 0.75 mm
1.40 mm
0.60 mm
Same as device pad dimensions

0.55 mm
1.6 Recommended reflow profile

The recommend reflow profile is shown in Figure 5 and Table 3.
Figure 5. Recommended reflow profile
Table 3. Recommended reflow profile

Profile Ramp to strike
Temperature gradient in preheat (T= 70 - 180°C): 0.9 +/- 0.1°C/s

Temperature gradient (T= 200 - 225°C): 1.1 - 3.0°C/s
Peak temperature in reflow 237°C - 245°C
Time above 220°C 50 +/- 10 seconds
Temperature gradient in cooling -1 to -4 °C/s (-6°C/s maximum)
Time from 50 to 220°C 160 to 220 seconds
Note: As the VL6180X package is not sealed, only a dry re-flow process should be used (such as
convection re-flow). Vapor phase re-flow is not suitable for this type of optical component.
The VL6180X is an optical component and as such, it should be treated carefully. This
would typically include using a ‘no-wash’ assembly process.
DocID026171 Rev 7 11/87

86
Functional description VL6180X
2 Functional description
This section gives an overview of the key features of the VL6180X and describes the
different modes of operation of the ALS and proximity sensor.
A complete API is also associated to the device which consists of a set of C functions
controlling the VL6180X to enable fast development of end-user applications. This API is
structured in a way that it can be complied on any kind of platform through a well isolated
platform layer (mainly for low level I2C access). It is available for download from
www.st.com.
It is assumed in the rest of the document that the host application is controlling the VL6180X
device through its C API.
For a more detailed explanation of the API functions please refer to the documentation that
is supplied with the API.
Typical ranging performance of the VL6180X is shown in Figure 6. This demonstrates the
reflectance independence and range accuracy of the VL6180X from 0 to 100 mm for 3%,
5%, 17% and 88% reflective targets. The example shown here is with ST cover glass and a
1.0 mm air gap.
Figure 7 shows typical ALS linearity vs gain over a wide dynamic range. More details about
the ambient light sensor can be found in Section 2.10.
Figure 6. Typical ranging performance
12/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

VL6180X Functional description
Figure 7. ALS linearity

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2.1 Ranging pipe

The VL6180X uses a simple architecture to achieve range measurement.
Figure 8. Ranging pipe architecture
2.2 System state diagram

Figure 9 describes the main operating states of the VL6180X. Hardware standby is the reset
state (GPIO0=0)(a). The device is held in reset until GPIO0 is de-asserted. Note that the
device will not respond to I2C communication in this mode. When GPIO0=1, the device
enters software standby after the internal MCU boot sequence has completed.
DocID026171 Rev 7 13/87

86
From customer application point of view, the following sequence must be followed at the
power-up stage
• Set GPIO0 to 0
• Set GPIO0 to 1
• Wait for a minimum of 400μs
• Call VL6180x_WaitDeviceBooted()(b) API function (or wait for 1ms to ensure device is
ready).
Then, at this stage, through API functions calls, it is possible to:
1. Configure the device to start single-shot ranging or ALS measurements.
2. Configure the device into continuous mode where the device uses an internal timer to
schedule range/ALS measurements at specified intervals. See Section 2.5.4:
Interleaved mode.
Figure 9. System state diagram
Power off
AVDD on
AVDD off GPIO0=0
AVDD on
GPIO0=1
Hardware
AVDD off
standby GPIO0=1
GPIO0=0
MCU boot
range_start Software
als_start
standby
done done
Range mode= ALS
measurement continuous measurement
stop start
auto auto
Continuous
modes(*)
(*) Device is placed in a low power state between measurements
a. Use of GPIO0 is optional

b. Warning: The VL6180x_WaitDeviceBooted() function expects the device to be fresh out of reset. Calling this
function when the device is not fresh out of reset will result in an infinite loop.
14/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

2.3 Timing diagram

Figure 10 and Table 4.show the Root part number 1 power-up timing constraints.
• AVDD_VCSEL must be applied before or at the same time as AVDD.
• GPIO0 defaults to an active low shutdown input. When GPIO0 = 0, the device is in
hardware standby. If GPIO0 is not used it should be connected to AVDD.
• The internal microprocessor (MCU) boot sequence commences when AVDD is up and
GPIO0 is high whichever is the later.
• GPIO1 power-up default is output low. It is tri-stated during the MCU boot sequence.
Note: In hardware standby, GPIO1 is output low and will sink current through any pull-up resistor.
This leakage can be minimized by increasing the value of the pull-up resistor.
• After the MCU boot sequence the device enters software standby. Host initialization
can commence immediately after entering software standby.
Figure 10. Power-up timing
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Table 4. Power-up timing constraints

Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit
t1 AVDD_VCSEL power applied after AVDD - 0 ms

t2 Minimum reset on GPIO0 100 - ns
t3 GPIO1 output low after hardware standby - 400 μs
t4 MCU boot - 1 ms
t5 Software standby to host initialization - 0 ms
DocID026171 Rev 7 15/87

86
2.4 Software overview

Figure 11 shows a simple start-up routine from initialization to completing an ALS
measurement while Figure 12 shows a simple start-up routine from initialization to
completing a range measurement.
Figure 11. Simple ALS routine Figure 12. Simple range routine
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2.5 Operating modes

The VL6180X device can operate in 2 different modes:
Single-shot measurement or Continuous measurement for both ranging and ALS.
From these 2 device modes, the Vl6180X API enables 3 different typical operating range
modes: Polling, interrupt or asynchronous. And 3 different ALS modes: Polling, interrupt and
interleaved.
Table 5. describes the operating modes of this device supported by the API.
• Modes 1 and 2 are single-shot range and ALS measurements.
• Modes 3 and 4 are continuous range and ALS operation.
• Mode 5 allows both ALS and range measurements to be scheduled at regular intervals.
The ALS measurement is completed first immediately followed by a range
measurement. Interleaved mode is described in more detail in Section 2.5.4.
16/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

Table 5. API supported operating modes

Range ALS
Mode Function Priority
Single Continuous Single Continuous
1 Range single-shot • Range

2 ALS single-shot • ALS
3 Range continuous • Range
4 ALS continuous • ALS
Interleaved mode:
5 Range Continuous and • • -
ALS Continuous
Note: Single-shot ALS and range operations cannot be performed simultaneously. Only one of
these operations should be performed at any one time and once started must be allowed to
complete before another measurement is started. This is because any current operation will
be aborted if another is started.
Wrap Around Filter is not available in Continuous range measurement mode.
Table 6. VL6180X range operating modes

API
VL6180X
operating Description API functions Comments
mode
mode
Host requests single

shot measurement Recommended for first
Polling VL6180x_RangePollMeasurement Single shot
and waits for the API porting or debug
result
VL6180x_RangeSetInterMeasPeriod
Recommended for User
VL6180x_SetupGPIO1 Detection applications
Ranging results are VL6180x_RangeConfigInterrupt where CPU is
Interrupt retrieved from (VL6180x_RangeSetThreshold) Continuous interrupted by VL6180X
interrupts VL6180x_RangeStartContinuousMode so can be asleep when
VL6180x_RangeGetMeasurement no target is detected
(power saving)
VL6180x_ClearAllInterrupt
Recommended for AF-
Assist applications,
Host requests a
Android OS-based
single shot VL6180x_RangeStartSingleShot system where CPU is
Asynchro measurement and
VL6180x_RangeGetMeasurement Single shot synchronized by
nous regularly checks to
IfReady EOF/SOF from camera
see if result is ready
or by a timer so that top
or not
application controls
measurement periods
DocID026171 Rev 7 17/87

86
Table 7. VL6180X ALS operating modes

API
VL6180X
operating Description API functions Comments
mode
mode
Host requests single

shot measurement Recommended for first
Polling VL6180x_ALSPollMeasurement Single shot
and waits for the API porting or debug
result
VL6180x_SetupGPIO1
VL6180x_AlsConfigInterrupt
(VL6180x_AlsSetThresholds) Recommended for AF-
ALS results are
Assist applications,
Interrupt retrieved from VL6180x_AlsSetSystemMode(Mode_Singl Single shot
where it is used along
interrupts eShot)
side ranging.
VL6180x_AlsGetMeasurement
VL6180x_AlsSetInterMeasurementPeriod
VL6180x_SetupGPIO1 New ALS value
ALS results are VL6180x_AlsConfigInterrupt available once per
Interrupt retrieved from (VL6180x_AlsSetThresholds) Continuous inter-measurement
interrupts VL6180x_AlsStartContinuousMode period as defined by
VL6180x_AlsGetMeasurement user
VL6180x_AlsConfigInterrupt
VL6180x_AlsSetInterMeasurementPeriod
VL6180x_StartInterleavedMode New ALS and Range
ALS and ranging values available once
(calls VL6180x_AlsStartContinuousMode)
Interleaved results are retrieved Continuous per inter-measurement
from interrupts VL6180x_AlsGetMeasurement
period as defined by
VL6180x_RangeGetMeasurement user. See Figure 9
VL6180x_AlsStopInterleavedMode
(calls VL6180x_AlsStopContinuousMode)
Although not supported by the API, it is possible to do a mix of continuous Range and single
shot ALS measurements or continuous ALS and single shot Range measurements, as
shown below.
• Mode 6 is mixed continuous range and single-shot ALS operation where regular
ranging measurements are required with only the occasional ALS measurement.
• Mode 7 is mixed continuous ALS and single-shot range operation where regular ALS
measurements are required with only the occasional range measurement.
18/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

Table 8. Non API operating modes

Range ALS
Mode Function Priority
Single Continuous Single Continuous
Range continuous and

6 • • ALS
ALS single-shot
ALS continuous and
7 • • Range
Range single-shot
In modes 6 and 7, single-shot operation takes the priority i.e. if a scheduled measurement is
in progress when the host requests a single-shot measurement, the scheduled
measurement will be aborted and will resume on the next available time slot.
DocID026171 Rev 7 19/87

86
2.5.1 Polling mode - single shot range/ALS measurement

Host calls a blocking API function that requests a single shot measurement and waits for the
result. CPU is blocked during this measurement request.
Figure 13. Range polling mode
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20/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

2.5.2 Interrupt mode

The host programs the device in continuous mode and ranging or ALS results are retrieved
from interrupts.
Figure 15. Range Interrupt mode

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DocID026171 Rev 7 21/87

86
It is not recommended to run range and ALS continuous modes simultaneously (i.e.
asynchronously). Instead, mode 7 ‘interleaved mode’ in Table 5. should be used.
In ‘interleaved mode’, scheduled range and ALS measurements operate off a single timer
with a range measurement proceeding immediately after every ALS measurement.
VL6180x_RangeConfigInterrupt() or VL6180x_AlsConfigInterrupt()
The VL6180X can be configured to generate a range or ALS interrupt flag under any of the
following conditions:
• New sample ready
• Level low (range/ALS value < low threshold)
• Level high (range/ALS value > high threshold)
• Out of window (range/ALS value < low threshold) OR (range/ALS value > high
threshold)
In new sample ready mode (continuous mode - WAF disabled), an interrupt flag will be
raised at the end of every measurement irrespective of whether the measurement is valid or
if an error has occurred.
In level interrupt mode the system will raise an interrupt flag if either a low or high
programmable threshold has been crossed.
Out of window interrupt mode activates both high and low level thresholds allowing a
window of operation to be specified.
Range interrupt modes are selected via VL6180x_RangeConfigInterrupt() with
VL6180x_RangeSetThresholds() used to set thresholds. Use
VL6180x_RangeGetInterruptStatus() to return the ranging interrupt status.
ALS interrupt modes are selected via VL6180x_AlsConfigInterrupt() with
VL6180x_AlsSetThresholds() used to set thresholds. Use
VL6180x_AlsGetInterruptStatus() to return the ALS interrupt status.
Note: In level or window interrupt modes range errors will only trigger an interrupt if the logical
conditions described above are met.
Continuous mode limits

To take account of oscillator tolerances and internal processing overheads it is necessary to
place the following constraints on continuous mode operations. The following equations
define the minimum inter-measurement period to ensure correct operation:
Continuous range:
VL6180x_RangeSetMaxConvergenceTime() + 5 ≤
VL6180x_RangeSetInterMeasPeriod() * 0.9
Continuous ALS:
VL6180x_AlsSetIntegrationPeriod() * 1.1 ≤
VL6180x_AlsSetInterMeasurementPeriod() * 0.9
Interleaved mode:
(VL6180x_RangeSetMaxConvergenceTime() + 5) +
(VL6180x_AlsSetIntegrationPeriod() * 1.1) ≤
VL6180x_AlsSetInterMeasurementPeriod() * 0.9
22/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

Table 9. gives an example how to apply these limits in continuous interleaved mode
operating at a sampling rate of 10 Hz.
Table 9. Interleaved mode limits (10 Hz operation)

Parameter Period (ms)
VL6180x_AlsSetInterMeasurementPeriod() 100
Effective ALS INTERMEASUREMENT PERIOD 90
VL6180x_RangeSetMaxConvergenceTime() 30
Total RANGE EXECUTION TIME 35
VL6180x_AlsSetIntegrationPeriod() 50
Total ALS INTEGRATION TIME 55
TOTAL EXECUTION TIME 90
2.5.3 Asynchronous mode - single shot range measurement

Host requests a single shot measurement and can either check regularly to see if result is
ready or wait for an interrupt then call RangeGetMeasurementIfReady().
Figure 17. Asynchronous mode

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DocID026171 Rev 7 23/87

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2.5.4 Interleaved mode

Figure 19. describes the continuous interleaved mode of operation where an ALS
measurement is immediately followed by a range measurement and repeated after an
interval specified by the ALS inter-measurement period.
Figure 18. Interleaved mode

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Note: Continuous range settings have no effect in this mode.
24/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

Figure 19. Interleaved mode
ALS inter-measurement period ALS inter-measurement period
ALS ALS ALS
Range Range Range
Interrupt
flags
Note: To ensure correct operation in any of the continuous modes, the user must ensure that the
inter-measurement period is sufficient for the operation to be completed within the inter-
measurement period. Failure to do so could result in unpredictable behavior.
2.6 History buffer

History buffer not yet implemented in API.
The history buffer is a 8 x 16-bit memory which can be used to store the last 16 range
measurements (8-bit) or 8 ALS samples (16-bit). Use of the history buffer is controlled via
register SYSTEM__HISTORY_CTRL{0x12}. There are 3 basic functions:
• enable
• range or ALS selection
• clear buffer
The buffer is read via eight 16-bit registers (RESULT__HISTORY_BUFFER_0{0x52} to
RESULT__HISTORY_BUFFER_7{0x60}). The buffer holds the last 16 x 8-bit range or 8 x
16-bit ALS results as shown in Table 10.
Table 10. History buffer

Range ALS
History buffer
(High byte) (Low byte) (Word)
0 Range [15] (newest) Range [14] ALS [7] (newest)

1 Range [13] Range [12] ALS [6]
6 Range [3] Range [2 ALS [1]
7 Range [1] Range [0] (oldest) ALS [0] (oldest)
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Note: Only one data stream (ALS or range) can be buffered at one time. There is no associated
time stamp information.
The clear buffer command is not immediate; it takes effect on the next range or ALS start
command.
The history buffer works independently of interrupt control i.e. the history buffer records all
new samples; its operation is unchanged in threshold and window modes.
2.7 Range Sensor

The VL6180X contains a range sensor capable of measuring distance up to 10cm (ranging
beyond 10cm is condition dependent). This section describes the main features of the range
sensor. The range sensor performance specification can be found in Section 3.1.
2.7.1 Range timing

Figure 20 gives a breakdown of total execution time for a single range measurement.
• The pre-calibration phase is fixed (3.2 ms).
• The range convergence time is variable and depends on target distance/reflectance
(see Table 11).
• The recommended readout averaging period is 4.3 ms. Readout averaging helps to
reduce measurement noise. The recommended setting for
READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD{0x10A} is 48(c) but is programmable in
the range 0-255. Note however that lower settings will result in increased noise.
Register READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD{0x10A} is not programmable via the
API.
Note: When a target is detected the API returns the actual range convergence time. The
convergence time returned by the API does not include the readout average. Range
convergence and readout averaging must be completed within the specified max
convergence time.
VL6180x_RangeSetMaxConvergenceTime() - sets maximum time to run measurement in
all ranging modes. Range = 1 - 63 ms; measurement aborted when limit reached. Effective
max convergence time depends on the actual convergence time plus readout averaging
sample period setting.
Figure 20. Total range execution time
Readout
Pre-cal Range convergence
averaging
Convergence time
4.3 ms
(variable)
c. Default readout averaging period is calculated as follows: 1300 µs + (48 x 64.5 µs) = 4.3 ms
26/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

Table 11. Typical range convergence time (ms)

Target reflectance
Range (mm)
3% 5% 17% 88%
10 0.43 0.33 0.18 0.18

20 0.94 0.73 0.28 0.18
30 1.89 1.40 0.51 0.18
40 3.07 2.25 0.81 0.18
50 4.35 3.24 1.18 0.24
60 5.70 4.22 1.60 0.32
70 7.07 5.35 2.07 0.49
80 8.41 6.45 2.58 0.50
90 9.58 7.56 3.14 0.61
100 10.73 8.65 3.69 0.73
2.7.2 Range error codes

Before using a measurement returned with a range API function, the application must first
check that the function call has succeeded (returned 0) and then check the
Range.errorStatus for possible error codes.
Table 12 gives a summary of the error codes. Calling
VL6180x_RangeGetStatusErrString() will also return the range error code/description.
Table 12. Range error codes

Bits [7:4] Error code Description
0 No error Valid measurement

System error detected (can only happen on
1-5 System error
power on). No measurement possible.
6 Early convergence estimate ECE check failed
System did not converge before the specified
7 Max convergence
max. convergence time limit
8 Range ignore Ignore threshold check failed
9-10 Not used -
Ambient conditions too high. Measurement not
11 Signal to Noise (SNR)
valid
Range value < 0
If the target is very close (0-10mm) and the offset
12/14 Range underflow
is not correctly calibrated it could lead to a small
negative value
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Table 12. Range error codes (continued)

Bits [7:4] Error code Description
Range value out of range. This occurs when the

target is detected by the device but is placed at a
13/15 Range overflow
high distance (> 200mm) resulting in internal
variable overflow.
Distance filtered by Wrap Around Filter (WAF).
16 Ranging_Filtered(1) Occurs when a high reflectance target is
detected between 600mm to 1.2m
17 Not used -
Error returned by
18 Data_Not_Ready VL6180x_RangeGetMeasurementIfReady()
when ranging data is not ready.
1. Errors 16 & 18 require VL6180X API.
2.7.3 Range checks

Error codes 6, 8 and 11 in Table 12 are configurable by the user (SNR, error 11, has not yet
been integrated into the API).
Early convergence estimate (ECE)

Early convergence estimate (ECE) is a programmable feature designed to minimize power
consumption when there is no target in the field-of-view (FOV).
The system is said to have ‘converged’ (i.e. range acquired), when the convergence
threshold(d) is reached before the max. convergence time limit (see Figure 21). This ratio
specifies the minimum return signal rate required for convergence. If there is no target in the
FOV, the system will continue to operate until the max. convergence time limit is reached
before switching off thereby consuming power. With ECE enabled, the system estimates the
return signal rate 0.5 ms after the start of every measurement. If it is below the ECE
threshold, the measurement is aborted and an ECE error is flagged.
Figure 21. Early convergence estimate (ECE)

Return
count
convergence threshold
te ECE
converged ra threshold
n al
s ig
n
ur
et
.r
in measurement
m
aborted
time
ECE (0.5 ms) max.

convergence
d. For standard ranging, the convergence threshold is set to 15360. The convergence threshold register is not
accessible by the user.
28/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

ECE is enabled by setting VL6180x_RangeSetEceState() and configured with

VL6180x_RangeSetEceFactor(). This allows the user to change the ECE threshold from
the default of 15% below minimum convergence rate. As shown by the example below.
85% × 0.5 × 10240

ECE threshold = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Max convergence time (in ms)
If the max convergence time is set to 30 ms (using

VL6180x_RangeSetMaxConvergenceTime()), then the ECE threshold is 196. That is, if
the return count is less than 196 after 0.5 ms, the measurement will be aborted.
Note: The optimum value for the ECE threshold should be determined in the final application.
Range ignore
In a system with cover glass, the return signal from the glass (cross-talk) may be sufficient
to cause the system to converge and return a valid range measurement even when there is
no target present. The range ignore feature is designed to ensure that the system does not
range on the glass. (Cross-talk is described in more detail in Section 2.8.2).
The ignore threshold is enabled with VL6180x_RangeIgnoreSetEnable(). If enabled, the
ignore threshold and valid height must be specified, this is set with
VL6180x_RangeIgnoreConfigure().
A range ignore error will be flagged if the return signal rate is less than the ignore threshold.
Note: The optimum value for the ignore threshold should be determined in the final application.
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

SNR function not yet implemented in API.
In high ambient conditions range accuracy can be impaired so the SNR threshold is used as
a safety limit to invalidate range measurements where the ambient/signal ratio is considered
too high.The default ambient/signal ratio limit is 10 (i.e. an SNR of 0.1) which is then
encoded in 4.4 format as follows:
SYSRANGE__MAX_AMBIENT_LEVEL_MULT{0x2C}= 10 x 16 = 160
To enable the SNR check, set bit 4 in SYSRANGE__RANGE_CHECK_ENABLES (0x02D). A
lower setting results in a more aggressive filter which will result in a lower effective range but
greater accuracy. A higher setting results in a less aggressive filter which will result in a
greater effective range but lower accuracy.
The SNR value can be calculated as follows:
RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_SIGNAL_COUNT{0x6C}
SNR = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_AMB_COUNT{0x74} * 6
Note: The SNR value is the inverse of the ambient/signal ratio limit {0x2C}.
Note: The optimum value for SNR threshold should be determined in the final application.
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2.7.4 Manual/autoVHV calibration

Manual/auto VHV not yet implemented in API.
SPAD(e) sensitivity is temperature dependent so VHV(f) calibration is used to regulate SPAD
sensitivity over temperature in order to minimize signal rate variation. VHV calibration is
performed either manually by the host processor or automatically by internal firmware.
Execution time is typically 200 μs so has no impact on normal operation.
A VHV calibration is run once at power-up and then automatically after every N range
measurements defined by the SYSRANGE__VHV_REPEAT_RATE{0x31} register. AutoVHV
calibration is disabled by setting this register to 0. Default is 255. If autoVHV is disabled it is
recommended to run a manual VHV calibration periodically to recalibrate for any significant
temperature variation. A manual VHV calibration is performed by setting
SYSRANGE__VHV_RECALBRATE{0x2E} to 1. This register auto-clears. This operation
should only be performed in software standby.
2.7.5 Wrap Around Filter

Wrap-around is an effect linked to the ratio between the VCSEL pulse period and the photon
return pulse.
Figure 22. Wrap around - far target
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Highly reflective targets (like mirrors) placed at a far distance (>600mm) from the VL6180X
can still produce enough return signal for the VL6180X to declare a valid target and meet
the wrap-around condition resulting in a wrong (under-estimated) returned distance.
The WAF implemented in the API is able to automatically detect if a target is in the wrap-
around condition and filter it by returning an invalid distance (Range.errorStatus = 16). The
WAF is enabled/disabled via VL6180x_FilterSetState() and read with
VL6180x_FilterGetState().
2.7.6 Maximum ranging distance (DMAX)

A target placed in front of the VL6180X device may not be detected because it is too far
away for the given ambient light conditions.
When ambient light level increases, max detection range (Dmax) decreases.
e. Photon detectors - Single Photon Avalanche Diodes

f. VHV is an adjustable SPAD bias voltage and stands for Very High Voltage (typically around 14 V). Also
sometimes referred to as CP (Charge Pump).
30/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

When no target is detected (no valid distance), the VL6180X API is able to estimate Dmax
as the maximum distance up to which a 17% target would have been detected with the
current ambient light level.
When no target is detected by the VL6180X, the application can interpret the Dmax value as
no target is detected and there is no 17% (or above) target between 0 and Dmax mm.
DMAX is enabled/disabled by VL6180x_DMaxSetState() and read with
VL6180x_DMaxGetState().
Note: Dmax is estimated for a 17% reflectance target. If the real target has a lower reflectance,
then the Dmax calculated by the API could be overestimated.
Note: DMAX requires a large amount of software computation, that may represent a high time
overhead for some low MHz CPU. It should be disabled if not required.
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86
2.8 Other ranging system considerations

This section describes part-to-part range offset and system cross-talk. In addition, a
procedure for cross-talk calibration is given.
2.8.1 Part-to-part range offset

The VL6180X is factory calibrated to produce an absolute linear range output as shown in
Figure 23. The part-to-part range offset is calibrated during manufacture and stored in NVM.
Use VL6180x_GetOffsetCalibrationData() to read offset from device (immediately after
VL6180x_InitData() this will be the NBVM programmed value). The API always returns the
range with the part-to-part offset already applied.
Figure 23. Part-to-part range offset

Measured range
p2p_offset
calibration
Actual Range
2.8.2 Cross-talk
Cross-talk is defined as the signal return from the cover glass. The magnitude of the cross-
talk depends on the type of glass, air gap and filter material. Cross-talk results in a range
error (see Figure 24) which is proportional to the ratio of the cross-talk to the signal return
from the target. The true range is recovered by applying automatic cross-talk compensation.
Figure 24. Cross-talk compensation
cross-talk
Measured range
compensation
Actual Range
Cross-talk compensation is enabled by using VL6180x_SetXTalkCompensationRate(). A

cross-talk calibration procedure is described in Section 2.8.4.
32/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

2.8.3 Offset calibration procedure

Complete steps 1-4 to see if part-to-part offset calibration is required.
1. Turn off WAF VL6180x_FilterSetState() = 0, turn off range ignore features
VL6180x_RangeIgnoreSetEnable() = 0 and clear all interrupts
VL6180x_ClearAllInterrupt().
2. Position a white target (88% reflectance(g)) at a distance of 50mm from the top of the
cover glass.
3. Perform a minimum of 10 range measurements and compute the average range using
VL6180x_RangePollMeasurement().
4. If the average range is within target distance ± 3 mm, offset calibration is not required.
Otherwise, complete the calibration procedure.
5. Set VL6180x_SetOffsetCalibrationData() = 0.
6. Perform a minimum of 10 range measurements and compute the average range from
VL6180x_RangePollMeasurement().
7. Calculate the part-to-part offset as follows:
part-to-part offset = target distance(mm) – average range(mm)
8. The new offset value should be stored on system and written to the VL6180X by using
VL6180x_SetOffsetCalibrationData() each time the device is reset.
2.8.4 Cross-talk calibration procedure

This section describes a procedure for calibrating system cross-talk.
1. Perform offset calibration if required (see Section 2.8.3) and write the value to the
device by using VL6180x_SetOffsetCalibrationData().
Note: If the offset is incorrectly calibrated, cross-talk calibration will be inaccurate.
2. Turn off WAF VL6180x_FilterSetState() = 0, turn off range ignore features
VL6180x_RangeIgnoreSetEnable() = 0 and clear all interrupts
VL6180x_ClearAllInterrupt().
3. Position a black target (3% reflectance(h)) at a distance of 100mm from the top of the
cover glass.
4. Write 0 to VL6180x_SetXTalkCompensationRate().
5. Perform a minimum of 10 range measurements and compute the average return rate
and range value from VL6180x_RangePollMeasurement().
6. Calculate the cross-talk factor as follows:
cross-talk (in Mcps) = average return rate ×  1 – -----------------------------------------------------

average range(mm)
 target distance(mm)
7. The cross-talk value should be stored on system and written to the VL6180X by using
VL6180x_SetXTalkCompensationRate() each time the device is reset.
Note: Cross-talk compensation is only applied to targets above 20 mm. This is to ensure that
cross-talk correction is not applied to near targets where the signal rate is decreasing.
g. Target reflectance should be high but absolute value is not critical.

h. Target reflectance should be low but absolute value is not critical.
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2.8.5 Cross-talk limit

A practical limit for cross-talk is < 3.0 Mcps for standard ranging. This is based on two
factors:
1. The return rate for a 3% reflective target at 100 mm without glass is typically around 1.5
Mcps. If glass is added with a cross-talk of 3.0 Mcps, the resultant return rate will be 4.5
Mcps. This results in a cross-talk correction factor of x3 so for a 100 mm target the raw
range will be in the region of 30 mm. To ensure the cross-talk valid height restriction is
not breached, the minimum raw range allowing for noise margin is around 30 mm.
2. A cross-talk correction factor of x3 also means that any range noise will be multiplied
by 3 so noise also becomes a limiting factor.
2.8.6 Cross-talk vs air gap

Figure 25 shows the typical cross-talk vs air gap using low cross-talk cover glass. Above 1.5
mm, the cross-talk rises rapidly.
Figure 25. Cross-talk vs air gap
34/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

2.9 Current consumption

Table 13. gives an overview of current consumption in different operating states.
Table 13. Typical current consumption in different operating states

Mode Current Conditions
Hardware standby < 1 μA Shutdown (GPIO0 = 0). No I2C comms

Software standby < 1 μA After MCU boot. Device ready
ALS 300 μA During integration
Ranging 1.7 mA Average consumption during ranging(1)
1. 10 Hz sampling rate, 17% reflective target at 50 mm.
2.9.1 Ranging current consumption

Figure 26. shows typical ranging current consumption of the VL6180X. Current consumption
depends on target distance, target reflectance and sampling rate. The example shown here
is based on default settings and a sampling rate of 10 Hz. The average current consumption
for a 17% reflective target at 50 mm operating at 10 Hz is 1.7 mA. At different sampling rates
the current consumption scales accordingly i.e. the average current consumption at 1 Hz
under the same conditions would be 0.17 mA.
Figure 26. Typical ranging current consumption (10 Hz sampling rate)

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The minimum average current consumption in Figure 26. is 1.5 mA, 0.5 mA of which comes
from pre-calibration before each measurement and 1.0 mA from post-processing (readout
averaging). Pre-calibration is a fixed overhead but readout averaging can be reduced or
effectively disabled by setting the READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD{0x10A} to
zero (default setting is 48).
Note: Decreasing the READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD will increase sampling noise. It
is recommended that any change in setting be properly evaluated in the end application.
Minimum current consumption scales with sampling rate i.e. at a sampling rate of 1 Hz the
current consumption associated with pre- and post-processing will be 0.15 μA.
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2.9.2 Current consumption calculator

Table 14. gives a breakdown of typical current consumption for pre-calibration, ranging and
readout averaging.
Table 14. Breakdown of current consumption
Label Phase I (mA) t (ms) Q (μC) = I x t
Q1 Pre-calibration 13.0 3.2 41.6

Q2 Ranging 22.0 per ms 22.0 per ms
Q3 Readout averaging 25.0 per ms 25.0 per ms
Current consumption can then be calculated as follows:

I (μA) = sampling_rate * [Q1 + (Q2 * RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_CONV_TIME in ms) +
Q3 * (1.3 + (READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD * 0.0645 ms))]
Table 11. gives typical convergence times for different target reflectance.
So, for example, RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_CONV_TIME for a 3% target at 50 mm is 4.35
ms. At 10 Hz sampling rate this gives:
I (μA) = 10 * [41.6 + (22 * 4.35) + 25 * (1.3 + (48 * 0.0645))] = 2472 μA
2.9.3 Current distribution

Table 15. shows how current consumption is distributed between the two supplies in ranging
mode. AVDD_VCSEL supplies the VCSEL current and AVDD supplies all other functions.
Angle of divergent laser emission is 25° +/- 5°.
The condition of divergent angle of 25° laser emission is 1/e2 of the peak intensity
Note: The VCSEL driver is pulsed at 100 MHz with a 33% duty cycle (see Figure 27.) so average
current consumption on AVDD_VCSEL is one third of the peak.
Table 15. Current consumption on AVDD and AVDD_VCSEL

Power supply(1) Current Note
AVDD 14 mA Average during active ranging

AVDD_VCSEL 8 mA(2) Average during active ranging (33% duty cycle).
1. Normally, both supplies will be driven from a common source giving a peak instantaneous current demand
of 38 mA.
2. Peak emitter current during ranging is 24 mA. Peak power is 14mW.
Figure 27. VCSEL pulse duty cycle

10 ns
24 mA peak current/14mW peak power
8 mA average current
33% duty cycle
36/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

2.10 Ambient light sensor (ALS)

The VL6180X contains an ambient light sensor capable of measuring the ambient light level
over a wide dynamic range. This section describes the main features of the ALS. The ALS
performance specification can be found in Section 3.2.
2.10.1 Field of view

Figure 28 shows the ALS field of view which is typically 42 degrees (half angle, 40% of
peak) in both X and Y.
Figure 28. ALS angular response

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2.10.2 Spectral response

The spectral response of the ALS compared to photopic response is shown in Figure 29.
Figure 29. ALS spectral response

120%
100%
80%
60%
Photopic
VL6180X
40%
20%
0%
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100
Wavelength (nm)
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2.10.3 ALS dynamic range

Table 16 shows the range of measurable light at all gains both with and without glass. In
most applications operating at a single gain setting should be possible.
Table 16. ALS dynamic range(1)

Dynamic range (10%
Dynamic range (no glass)
Analogue transmissive glass)
gain setting
Min. (Lux)(2) Max. (Lux) Minimum (Lux) Maximum (Lux)
1 3.20 20800 32.0 >100,000

1.25 2.56 16640 25.6 >100,000
1.67 1.93 12530 19.3 >100,000
2.5 1.28 8320 12.8 83,200
5 0.64 4160 6.4 41,600
10 0.32 2080 3.2 20,800
20 0.16 1040 1.6 10,400
40 0.08 520 0.8 5,200
1. ALS lux resolution = 0.32 lux/count
2. Minimum of 10 counts
2.10.4 ALS count to lux conversion

The output from the ambient light sensor is a 16 bit count value, this count output is
proportional to the light level and is converted into lux with VL6180x_AlsGetLux().
The ALS read measurement functions VL6180x_AlsPollMeasurement() &
VL6180x_AlsGetMeasurement() both call this function.
The conversion from count to lux is dependent on the ALS lux resolution, ALS gain and
integration period:
ALS count 100 ms

Light level (in lux) = ALS lux resolution × ------------------------------- × ------------------------------------------------------
Analog gain ALS integration time
The factory calibrated ALS lux resolution is 0.32 lux/count for an analog gain of 1 & 100ms
integration time (calibrated without glass). The current lux resolution value can be read by
using VL6180x_AlsGetLuxResolutionFactor().
The ALS lux resolution will require re-calibration in the final system where cover glass is
used. This can be done by reading the lux value with and without glass under the same
conditions and multiplying the ALS lux resolution by the ratio of the two values as shown
below. The new value can be written to the device by using
VL6180x_AlsSetLuxResolutionFactor().
LuxValue (without glass)

ALS lux resolution (with glass) = -------------------------------------------------------------------- × ALS lux resolution (without glass)
LuxValue (with glass)
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2.10.5 Integration period

The integration period (VL6180x_AlsSetIntegrationPeriod()) is the time over which a
single ALS measurement is made. The default integration period is 100ms. Integration times
in the range 50-100 ms are recommended to reduce impact of light flicker from artificial
lighting.
2.10.6 ALS gain selection

Eight analog gain settings (VL6180x_AlsSetAnalogueGain()) are available which can be
selected manually depending on the range and resolution required. shows the actual
characterized gains versus the design targets. If a gain setting other than gain 20 is used,
marginally greater accuracy can be achieved by using the actual gain values in the light
level equation in Section 2.10.4 when calculating the lux light level.
Table 17. Actual gain values

VL6180x_Als
Analog gain setting Actual gain values
SetAnalogueGain
0x46 1 1.01
0x45 1.25 1.28
0x44 1.67 1.72
0x43 2.5 2.60
0x42 5 5.21
0x41 10 10.32
0x40 20 20
0x47 40 40
2.10.7 Scaler
In addition to analogue gain, the VL6180X has a scaler that multiplies the ALS count prior to
the result being read. This value, in addition to the analogue gain is useful in very low light
conditions to increase the dynamic range.
The scaler can be a value between 1 to 16 (default 1) and is set with
VL6180x_ALSSetScaler() and read with VL6180x_ALSGetScaler().
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Performance specification VL6180X
3 Performance specification
3.1 Proximity ranging (0 to 100mm)

The following table specifies ranging performance up to 100mm. Ranging beyond 100mm is
possible with certain target reflectances and ambient conditions but not guaranteed. These
results are derived from characterization of both typical and corner samples (representative
of worst case process conditions).
Unless specified otherwise, all results were performed at room temperature (23°C), nominal
voltage (2.8V) and in the dark. Results are based on the average of 100 measurements for
a 17% reflective target @ 50mm.
Table 18. Ranging specification

Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Noise(1) - - 2.0 mm
Range offset error(2) - - 13 mm
(3)
Temperature dependent drift - 9 15 mm
(4)
Voltage dependent drift - 3 5 mm
Convergence time (5) - - 15 ms
1. Maximum standard deviation of 100 measurements
2. Maximum offset drift after 3 reflow cycles. This error can be removed by re-calibration in the final system
3. Tested over optimum operating temperature range (see Table 23.: Normal operating conditions)
4. Tested over optimum operating voltage range (see Table 23.: Normal operating conditions)
5. Based on a 3% reflective target @ 100 mm
3.1.1 Max range vs. ambient light level

The data shown in this section is worst case data for reference only.
Table 19 shows the worst case maximum range achievable under different ambient light
conditions
.
Table 19. Worst case max range vs. ambient 0 to 100mm(1)(2)
Target Worst case indoor light High ambient light
In the dark(3) Unit
reflectance (1 kLux diffuse halogen) (5 kLux diffuse halogen)
3% > 100 > 80 > 40 mm

5% > 100 > 90 > 45 mm
17% > 100 > 100 > 60 mm
88% > 100 > 100 > 70 mm
1. Tested in an integrating sphere (repeatable lab test, not representative of real world ambient light) at 1
kLux and 5 kLux (halogen light source) using 80 x 80 mm targets. Due to high IR content, 5 kLux halogen
light approximates to 10 kLux to 15 kLux natural sunlight.
2. SNR limit of 0.1 applied. Note: maximum range could be increased by reducing the SNR limit to 0.06
3. Also applicable to lighting conditions with low IR content e.g typical office fluorescent lighting
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VL6180X Performance specification
3.2 ALS performance

The following table specifies ALS performance. These results are derived from
characterization of typical samples (without cover glass). Unless specified otherwise, all
tests were performed at room temperature (23°C), nominal voltage (2.8V) and using a
halogen light source.
Table 20. ALS performance

ALS sensitivity(1) 0.28 0.32 0.36 Lux/count

(2)
Angular response - 42 - degrees
Spectral response - photopic - -
Dynamic Range(3) 0.002 - 20971 Lux
Linearity error (1 to 300 lux)(4) - - 5 %
Linearity error (300 to 7500 lux)(4) - - 10 %
Gain error (@ gain 20) - - 1 %
Gain error (gains 1 to 10) - - 7 %
1. 535nm LED @ 1 kLux. Measured @ gain 20.
2. Half angle. 40% transmission.
3. Minimum of one count at gain 40 and 400 ms ALS integration time.
4. Test conditions: -10°C to +60°C; analog gains 1 to 20
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I2C control interface VL6180X
4 I2C control interface
The VL6180X is controlled over an I2C interface. The default I2C address is 0x29 (7-bit).
This section describes the I2C protocol.
Figure 30. Serial interface data transfer protocol

Acknowledge
Start condition
SDA
MSB LSB
SCL
S 7 8 P
1 2 3 4 5 6 As/Am
Address or data byte
Stop condition
Information is packed in 8-bit packets (bytes) always followed by an acknowledge bit, As for
sensor acknowledge and Am for master acknowledge. The internal data is produced by
sampling SDA at a rising edge of SCL. The external data must be stable during the high
period of SCL. The exceptions to this are start (S) or stop (P) conditions when SDA falls or
rises respectively, while SCL is high.
A message contains a series of bytes preceded by a start condition and followed by either a
stop or repeated start (another start condition but without a preceding stop condition)
followed by another message. The first byte contains the device address (0x52) and also
specifies the data direction. If the least significant bit is low (0x52) the message is a master
write to the slave. If the lsb is set (0x53) then the message is a master read from the slave.
Figure 31. I2C device address
MSBit LSBit
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 R/W
All serial interface communications with the sensor must begin with a start condition. The
sensor acknowledges the receipt of a valid address by driving the SDA wire low. The state
of the read/write bit (lsb of the address byte) is stored and the next byte of data, sampled
from SDA, can be interpreted. During a write sequence the second and third bytes received
provide a 16-bit index which points to one of the internal 8-bit registers.
Figure 32. Single location, single write)
Sensor acknowledges Acknowledge from sensor

Start valid address
S ADDRESS[7:0] As INDEX[15:8] As INDEX[7:0] As DATA[7:0] As P

0x52 (write)
Stop
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VL6180X I2C control interface
As data is received by the slave it is written bit by bit to a serial/parallel register. After each
data byte has been received by the slave, an acknowledge is generated, the data is then
stored in the internal register addressed by the current index.
During a read message, the contents of the register addressed by the current index is read
out in the byte following the device address byte. The contents of this register are parallel
loaded into the serial/parallel register and clocked out of the device by the falling edge of
SCL.
Figure 33. Single location, single read

0x52 (write)
S ADDRESS[7:0] As INDEX[15:8] As INDEX[7:0] As P
0x53 (read)
S ADDRESS[7:0] As DATA[7:0] Am P
At the end of each byte, in both read and write message sequences, an acknowledge is
issued by the receiving device (that is, the sensor for a write and the master for a read).
A message can only be terminated by the bus master, either by issuing a stop condition or
by a negative acknowledge (that is, not pulling the SDA line low) after reading a complete
byte during a read operation.
The interface also supports auto-increment indexing. After the first data byte has been
transferred, the index is automatically incremented by 1. The master can therefore send
data bytes continuously to the slave until the slave fails to provide an acknowledge or the
master terminates the write communication with a stop condition. If the auto-increment
feature is used the master does not have to send address indexes to accompany the data
bytes.
Figure 34. Multiple location write

0x52 (write)
S ADDRESS[7:0] As INDEX[15:8] As INDEX[7:0] As
DATA[7:0] As DATA[7:0] As DATA[7:0] As P
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I2C control interface VL6180X
Figure 35. Multiple location read

0x52 (write)
S ADDRESS[7:0] As INDEX[15:8] As INDEX[7:0] As P
0x53 (read)
S ADDRESS[7:0] As DATA[7:0] Am DATA[7:0] Am
DATA[7:0] Am DATA[7:0] Am DATA[7:0] Am P
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VL6180X I2C control interface
4.1 I2C interface - timing characteristics

Timing characteristics are shown in Table 21. Please refer to Figure 36 for an explanation of
the parameters used.
Table 21. I2C interface - timing characteristics

Symbol Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Unit
FI2C Operating frequency 0 - 400(1) kHz

tLOW Clock pulse width low 0.5 - - μs
tHIGH Clock pulse width high 0.26 - - μs
Pulse width of spikes which are
tSP - - 50 ns
suppressed by the input filter
tBUF Bus free time between transmissions 0.5 - - μs
tHD.STA Start hold time 0.26 - - μs
tSU.STA Start set-up time 0.26 - - μs
tHD.DAT Data in hold time 0 - - μs
tSU.DAT Data in set-up time 50 - - ns
tR SCL/SDA rise time - - 120 ns
tF SCL/SDA fall time - - 120 ns
tSU.STO Stop set-up time 0.26 - - μs
Ci/o Input/output capacitance (SDA) - - 4 pF
Cin Input capacitance (SCL) - - 4 pF
CL Load capacitance - 125 - pF
1. The maximum bus speed may also be limited by the combination of load capacitance and pull-up resistor.
Please refer to the I2C specification for further information.
Figure 36. I2C timing characteristics

stop start start stop
VIH
SDA ... VIL
tBUF tLOW tR tF tHD.STA
VIH
SCL
VIL
...
tHD.STA tHD.DAT tHIGH tSU.DAT tSU.STA tSU.STO
All timing characteristics are measured with respect to VIL_MAX or VIH_MIN.
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Electrical characteristics VL6180X
5 Electrical characteristics
5.1 Absolute maximum ratings
Table 22. Absolute maximum ratings

AVDD -0.5 - 3.6 V

AVDD_VCSEL -0.5 - 3.6 V
SCL, SDA, GPIO0 and GPIO1 -0.5 - 3.6 V
VESD (Electrostatic discharge model)
-2 2 KV
Human body model(1)
-500 500 V
Charge device model(2)
Temperature (storage - manufacturing
-40 - +85 °C
test)
1. HBM tests are performed in compliance with ESDA/JEDEC JS-001-2010 (ex: JESD22-A114)
MM test is performed in compliance with JESD22-A115.
2. CDM ESD tests are performed in compliance with JESD22-C101.
Note: Stresses above those listed in Table 22. may cause permanent damage to the device. This
is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions
above those indicated in the operational sections of the specification is not implied.
Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device
reliability.
5.2 Normal operating conditions

Table 23. Normal operating conditions
Voltage (AVDD and AVDD_VCSEL)

Voltage (optimum operating) 2.7 2.8 2.9 V
Voltage (functional operating) 2.6 2.8 3.0 V
Temperature
Temperature (optimum operating) -10 +60 °C
Temperature (functional operating) -20 - +70 °C
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VL6180X Electrical characteristics
5.3 Electrical characteristics
Table 24. Digital I/O electrical characteristics

Symbol Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Unit
CMOS digital I/O (SDA, SCL, GPIO0 and GPIO1)
VIL Low level input voltage -0.5 - 0.6 V

VIH High level input voltage 1.12 - AVDD+0.5 V
VOL Low level output voltage (8mA load) - - 0.4 V
VOH High level output voltage (8mA load) AVDD-0.4 - - V
IIL Low level input current - - -10 µA
IIH High level input current - - 10 µA
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Device registers VL6180X
6 Device registers
This section describes in detail all user accessible device registers. Registers are grouped
by function as shown in Table 25. to make them easier to read but also to simplify multi-byte
read/write I2C accesses (burst mode). More details in Section 4. Reset values are given for
each register which denotes the register value in software standby.
Table 25. Register groups

Register group Address range
IDENTIFICATION 0x00 - 0x0F

SYSTEM SETUP 0x10 - 0x17
RANGE SETUP 0x18 - 0x37
ALS SETUP 0x38 - 0x40
RESULTS 0x4D - 0x80
Note that registers can be 8-,16- or 32-bit. Multi-byte registers are always addressed in
ascending order with MSB first as shown in Table 26.
Table 26. 32-bit register example

Register address Byte
Address MSB
Address + 1 ..
Address + 2 ..
Address + 3 LSB
6.1 Register encoding formats

Some registers are encoded to allow rational numbers to be expressed efficiently. Table 27
gives an explanation of 9.7 and 4.4 encoding formats.
Table 27. 9.7 and 4.4 register formats

Format Description
8 bits = 4 integer bits + 4 fractional bits (stored as 1 byte)

Encoding example: the value 4.2 is multiplied by 16 (24) rounded
4.4
and stored as 67 decimal.
Decoding example: 67 is divided by 16 = 4.19.
16 bits = 9 integer bits + 7 fractional bits (stored over 2 bytes)
Encoding example: the value 4.2 is multiplied by 128 (27) rounded
9.7
and stored as 537 decimal.
Decoding example: 537 is divided by 128 = 4.19.
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VL6180X Device registers
Table 28. Register summary

Offset Register name Reference
0x000 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_ID Section 6.2.1 on page 51

0x001 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MAJOR Section 6.2.2 on page 51
0x002 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MINOR Section 6.2.3 on page 51
0x003 IDENTIFICATION__MODULE_REV_MAJOR Section 6.2.4 on page 52
0x004 IDENTIFICATION__MODULE_REV_MINOR Section 6.2.5 on page 52
0x006 IDENTIFICATION__DATE_HI Section 6.2.6 on page 52
0x007 IDENTIFICATION__DATE_LO Section 6.2.7 on page 53
0x008:0x009 IDENTIFICATION__TIME Section 6.2.8 on page 53
0x010 SYSTEM__MODE_GPIO0 Section 6.2.9 on page 54
0x011 SYSTEM__MODE_GPIO1 Section 6.2.10 on page 55
0x012 SYSTEM__HISTORY_CTRL Section 6.2.11 on page 56
0x014 SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CONFIG_GPIO Section 6.2.12 on page 57
0x015 SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CLEAR Section 6.2.13 on page 57
0x016 SYSTEM__FRESH_OUT_OF_RESET Section 6.2.14 on page 58
0x017 SYSTEM__GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD Section 6.2.15 on page 58
0x018 SYSRANGE__START Section 6.2.16 on page 59
0x019 SYSRANGE__THRESH_HIGH Section 6.2.17 on page 59
0x01A SYSRANGE__THRESH_LOW Section 6.2.18 on page 60
0x01B SYSRANGE__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD Section 6.2.19 on page 60
0x01C SYSRANGE__MAX_CONVERGENCE_TIME Section 6.2.20 on page 60
0x01E SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_COMPENSATION_RATE Section 6.2.21 on page 61
0x021 SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_VALID_HEIGHT Section 6.2.22 on page 61
0x022 SYSRANGE__EARLY_CONVERGENCE_ESTIMATE Section 6.2.23 on page 61
0x024 SYSRANGE__PART_TO_PART_RANGE_OFFSET Section 6.2.24 on page 62
0x025 SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_VALID_HEIGHT Section 6.2.25 on page 62
0x026 SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_THRESHOLD Section 6.2.26 on page 62
0x02C SYSRANGE__MAX_AMBIENT_LEVEL_MULT Section 6.2.27 on page 63
0x02D SYSRANGE__RANGE_CHECK_ENABLES Section 6.2.27 on page 63
0x02E SYSRANGE__VHV_RECALIBRATE Section 6.2.29 on page 64
0x031 SYSRANGE__VHV_REPEAT_RATE Section 6.2.30 on page 64
0x038 SYSALS__START Section 6.2.31 on page 65
0x03A SYSALS__THRESH_HIGH Section 6.2.32 on page 65
0x03C SYSALS__THRESH_LOW Section 6.2.33 on page 66
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Table 28. Register summary (continued)

Offset Register name Reference
0x03E SYSALS__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD Section 6.2.34 on page 66

0x03F SYSALS__ANALOGUE_GAIN Section 6.2.35 on page 67
0x040 SYSALS__INTEGRATION_PERIOD Section 6.2.36 on page 67
0x04D RESULT__RANGE_STATUS Section 6.2.37 on page 68
0x04E RESULT__ALS_STATUS Section 6.2.38 on page 69
0x04F RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO Section 6.2.39 on page 70
0x050 RESULT__ALS_VAL Section 6.2.40 on page 70
0x052:0x060
RESULT__HISTORY_BUFFER_x Section 6.2.41 on page 71
(0x2)
0x062 RESULT__RANGE_VAL Section 6.2.42 on page 72
0x064 RESULT__RANGE_RAW Section 6.2.43 on page 72
0x066 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_RATE Section 6.2.44 on page 72
0x068 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_RATE Section 6.2.45 on page 73
0x06C RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_SIGNAL_COUNT Section 6.2.46 on page 73
0x070 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_SIGNAL_COUNT Section 6.2.47 on page 74
0x074 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_AMB_COUNT Section 6.2.48 on page 74
0x078 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_AMB_COUNT Section 6.2.49 on page 74
0x07C RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_CONV_TIME Section 6.2.50 on page 75
0x080 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_CONV_TIME Section 6.2.51 on page 75
0x10A READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD Section 6.2.52 on page 75
0x119 FIRMWARE__BOOTUP Section 6.2.52 on page 75
0x120 FIRMWARE__RESULT_SCALER Section 6.2.53 on page 76
0x212 I2C_SLAVE__DEVICE_ADDRESS Section 6.2.55 on page 76
0x2A3 INTERLEAVED_MODE__ENABLE Section 6.2.56 on page 77
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6.2 Register descriptions
6.2.1 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_ID
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
identification__model_id
R/W
Address: 0x000
Type: R/W
Reset: 0xB4
Description:
[7:0] identification__model_id: Device model identification number. 0xB4 = VL6180X
6.2.2 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MAJOR
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESERVED identification__model_rev_major
R R/W
Address: 0x001
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x1, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents.
Description:
[2:0] identification__model_rev_major: Revision identifier of the Device for major change.
6.2.3 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MINOR
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESERVED identification__model_rev_minor
R R/W
Address: 0x002
Type: R/W
Description:
[2:0] identification__model_rev_minor: Revision identifier of the Device for minor change.
IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MINOR = 3 for latest ROM revision
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6.2.4 IDENTIFICATION__MODULE_REV_MAJOR
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESERVED identification__module_rev_major
R R/W
Address: 0x003
Type: R/W
Description:
[2:0] identification__module_rev_major: Revision identifier of the Module Package for major change.
Used to store NVM content version. Contact ST for current information.
6.2.5 IDENTIFICATION__MODULE_REV_MINOR
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESERVED identification__module_rev_minor
R R/W
Address: 0x004
Type: R/W
Description:
[2:0] identification__module_rev_minor: Revision identifier of the Module Package for minor change.
Used to store NVM content version. Contact ST for current information.
6.2.6 IDENTIFICATION__DATE_HI
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
identification__year identification__month
R/W R/W
Address: 0x006
Type: R/W
Reset: 0xYY, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents.
Description: Part of the register set that can be used to uniquely identify a module.
[7:4] identification__year: Last digit of manufacturing year (bits[3:0]).

[3:0] identification__month: Manufacturing month (bits[3:0]).
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6.2.7 IDENTIFICATION__DATE_LO
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
identification__day identification__phase
R/W R/W
Address: 0x007
Type: R/W
[7:3] identification__day: Manufacturing day (bits[4:0]).

[2:0] identification__phase: Manufacturing phase identification (bits[2:0]).
6.2.8 IDENTIFICATION__TIME
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
identification__time
R/W
Address: 0x008:0x009
Type: R/W
Reset: 0xYYYY, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents.
[15:0] identification__time: Time since midnight (in seconds) = register_value * 2
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6.2.9 SYSTEM__MODE_GPIO0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
system__gpio0_is_xshutdown
system__gpio0_polarity
system__gpio0_select
RESERVED
RESERVED
R R/W R/W R/W R/W
Address: 0x010
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x60
Description:
[6] system__gpio0_is_xshutdown: Priority mode - when enabled, other bits of the register are
ignored. GPIO0 is main XSHUTDOWN input.
0: Disabled
1: Enabled - GPIO0 is main XSHUTDOWN input.
[5] system__gpio0_polarity: Signal Polarity Selection.
0: Active-low
1: Active-high
[4:1] system__gpio0_select: Functional configuration options.
0000: OFF (Hi-Z)
1000: GPIO Interrupt output
[0] Reserved. Write 0.
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6.2.10 SYSTEM__MODE_GPIO1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
system__gpio1_polarity
system__gpio1_select
RESERVED
RESERVED
R R/W R/W R/W
Address: 0x011
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x20
Description:
[5] system__gpio1_polarity: Signal Polarity Selection.
0: Active-low
1: Active-high
[4:1] system__gpio1_select: Functional configuration options.
0000: OFF (Hi-Z)
1000: GPIO Interrupt output
[0] Reserved. Write 0.
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6.2.11 SYSTEM__HISTORY_CTRL
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
system__history_buffer_enable
system__history_buffer_mode
system__history_buffer_clear
RESERVED
R R/W R/W R/W
Address: 0x012
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[2] system__history_buffer_clear: User-command to clear history (FW will auto-clear this bit when
clear has completed).
0: Disabled
1: Clear all history buffers
[1] system__history_buffer_mode: Select mode buffer results for:
0: Ranging (stores the last 8 ranging values (8-bit)
1: ALS (stores the last 8 ALS values (16-bit)
[0] system__history_buffer_enable: Enable History buffering.
0: Disabled
1: Enabled
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6.2.12 SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CONFIG_GPIO
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESERVED als_int_mode range_int_mode
R R/W R/W
Address: 0x014
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[5:3] als_int_mode: Interrupt mode source for ALS readings:
0: Disabled
1: Level Low (value < thresh_low)
2: Level High (value > thresh_high)
3: Out Of Window (value < thresh_low OR value > thresh_high)
4: New sample ready
[2:0] range_int_mode: Interrupt mode source for Range readings:
0: Disabled
1: Level Low (value < thresh_low)
2: Level High (value > thresh_high)
3: Out Of Window (value < thresh_low OR value > thresh_high)
4: New sample ready
6.2.13 SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CLEAR
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESERVED int_clear_sig
R R/W
Address: 0x015
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[2:0] int_clear_sig: Interrupt clear bits. Writing a 1 to each bit will clear the intended interrupt.
Bit [0] - Clear Range Int

Bit [1] - Clear ALS Int
Bit [2] - Clear Error Int.
DocID026171 Rev 7 57/87

86
6.2.14 SYSTEM__FRESH_OUT_OF_RESET
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
fresh_out_of_reset
RESERVED
R R/W
Address: 0x016
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x1
Description:
[0] fresh_out_of_reset: Fresh out of reset bit, default of 1, user can set this to 0 after initial boot and
can therefore use this to check for a reset condition
6.2.15 SYSTEM__GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
grouped_parameter_hold
RESERVED
R R/W
Address: 0x017
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[0] grouped_parameter_hold: Flag set over I2C to indicate that data is being updated
0: Data is stable - FW is safe to copy
1: Data being updated - FW not safe to copy
Usage: set to 0x01 first, write any of the registers listed below, then set to 0x00 so that the
settings are used by the firmware at the start of the next measurement.
SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CONFIG_GPIO
SYSRANGE__THRESH_HIGH
SYSRANGE__THRESH_LOW
SYSALS__INTEGRATION_PERIOD
SYSALS__ANALOGUE_GAIN
SYSALS__THRESH_HIGH
SYSALS__THRESH_LOW
58/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

6.2.16 SYSRANGE__START
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__mode_select
sysrange__startstop
RESERVED
R R/W R/W
Address: 0x018
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[1] sysrange__mode_select: Device Mode select
0: Ranging Mode Single-Shot
1: Ranging Mode Continuous
[0] sysrange__startstop: StartStop trigger based on current mode and system configuration of
device_ready. FW clears register automatically.
Setting this bit to 1 in single-shot mode starts a single measurement.
Setting this bit to 1 in continuous mode will either start continuous operation (if stopped) or halt
continuous operation (if started).
This bit is auto-cleared in both modes of operation.
6.2.17 SYSRANGE__THRESH_HIGH
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__thresh_high
R/W
Address: 0x019
Type: R/W
Reset: 0xFF
Description:
[7:0] sysrange__thresh_high: High Threshold value for ranging comparison. Range 0-255mm.
DocID026171 Rev 7 59/87

86
6.2.18 SYSRANGE__THRESH_LOW
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__thresh_low
R/W
Address: 0x01A
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[7:0] sysrange__thresh_low: Low Threshold value for ranging comparison. Range 0-255mm.
6.2.19 SYSRANGE__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__intermeasurement_period
R/W
Address: 0x01B
Type: R/W
Reset: 0xFF
Description:
[7:0] sysrange__intermeasurement_period: Time delay between measurements in Ranging
continuous mode. Range 0-254 (0 = 10ms). Step size = 10ms.
6.2.20 SYSRANGE__MAX_CONVERGENCE_TIME
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESERVED sysrange__max_convergence_time
R R/W
Address: 0x01C
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x31
Description:
[5:0] sysrange__max_convergence_time: Maximum time to run measurement in Ranging modes.
Range 1 - 63 ms (1 code = 1 ms); Measurement aborted when limit reached to aid power
reduction. For example, 0x01 = 1ms, 0x0a = 10ms.
Note: Effective max_convergence_time depends on readout_averaging_sample_period
setting.
60/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

6.2.21 SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_COMPENSATION_RATE
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__crosstalk_compensation_rate
R/W
Address: 0x01E
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[15:0] sysrange__crosstalk_compensation_rate: User-controlled crosstalk compensation in Mcps (9.7
format).
6.2.22 SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_VALID_HEIGHT
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__crosstalk_valid_height
R/W
Address: 0x021
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x14
Description:
[7:0] sysrange__crosstalk_valid_height: Minimum range value in mm to qualify for cross-talk
compensation.
6.2.23 SYSRANGE__EARLY_CONVERGENCE_ESTIMATE
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__early_convergence_estimate
R/W
Address: 0x022
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[15:0] FW carries out an estimate of convergence rate 0.5ms into each new range measurement. If
convergence rate is below user input value, the operation aborts to save power.
Note: This register must be configured otherwise ECE should be disabled via
SYSRANGE__RANGE_CHECK_ENABLES.
DocID026171 Rev 7 61/87

86
6.2.24 SYSRANGE__PART_TO_PART_RANGE_OFFSET
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__part_to_part_range_offset
R/W
Address: 0x024
Type: R/W
Description:
[7:0] sysrange__part_to_part_range_offset: 2s complement format.
6.2.25 SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_VALID_HEIGHT
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__range_ignore_valid_height
R/W
Address: 0x025
Type: R/W
Description:
[7:0] sysrange__range_ignore_valid_height: Range below which ignore threshold is applied. Aim is
to ignore the cover glass i.e. low signal rate at near distance. Should not be applied to low
reflectance target at far distance. Range in mm.
Note: It is recommended to set this register to 255 if the range ignore feature is used.
6.2.26 SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_THRESHOLD
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__range_ignore_threshold
R/W
Address: 0x026
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description:
[15:0] sysrange__range_ignore_threshold: User configurable min threshold signal return rate. Used
to filter out ranging due to cover glass when there is no target above the device. Mcps 9.7
format.
Note: Register must be initialized if this feature is used.
62/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

6.2.27 SYSRANGE__MAX_AMBIENT_LEVEL_MULT
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__max_ambient_level_mult
R/W
Address: 0x02C
Type: R/W
Reset: 0xA0, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents.
Description:
[7:0] sysrange__max_ambient_level_mult: User input value to multiply return_signal_count for
AMB:signal ratio check. If (amb counts * 6) > return_signal_count * mult then abandon
measurement due to high ambient (4.4 format).
6.2.28 SYSRANGE__RANGE_CHECK_ENABLES
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__early_convergence_enable
sysrange__signal_to_noise_enable
sysrange__range_ignore_enable
RESERVED
R R/W R/W R R/W R/W
Address: 0x02D
Type: R/W
Description:
[4] sysrange__signal_to_noise_enable: Measurement enable/disable
[1] sysrange__range_ignore_enable: Measurement enable/disable
[0] sysrange__early_convergence_enable: Measurement enable/disable
DocID026171 Rev 7 63/87

86
6.2.29 SYSRANGE__VHV_RECALIBRATE
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__vhv_recalibrate
sysrange__vhv_status
RESERVED
R R/W R/W
Address: 0x02E
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[1] sysrange__vhv_status: FW controlled status bit showing when FW has completed auto-vhv
process.
0: FW has finished autoVHV operation
1: During autoVHV operation
[0] sysrange__vhv_recalibrate: User-Controlled enable bit to force FW to carry out recalibration of
the VHV setting for sensor array. FW clears bit after operation carried out.
0: Disabled
1: Manual trigger for VHV recalibration. Can only be called when ALS and ranging are in STOP
mode
6.2.30 SYSRANGE__VHV_REPEAT_RATE
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysrange__vhv_repeate_rate
R/W
Address: 0x031
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[7:0] sysrange__vhv_repeat_rate: User entered repeat rate of auto VHV task (0 = off, 255 = after
every 255 measurements)
64/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

6.2.31 SYSALS__START
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysals__mode_select
sysals__startstop
RESERVED
R R/W R/W
Address: 0x038
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[1] sysals__mode_select: Device Mode select
0: ALS Mode Single-Shot
1: ALS Mode Continuous
[0] sysals__startstop: Start/Stop trigger based on current mode and system configuration of
device_ready. FW clears register automatically.
Setting this bit to 1 in single-shot mode starts a single measurement.
Setting this bit to 1 in continuous mode will either start continuous operation (if stopped) or halt
continuous operation (if started).
This bit is auto-cleared in both modes of operation.
See 6.2.56: INTERLEAVED_MODE__ENABLE for combined ALS and Range operation.
6.2.32 SYSALS__THRESH_HIGH
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysals__thresh_high
R/W
Address: 0x03A
Type: R/W
Reset: 0xFFFF
Description:
[15:0] sysals__thresh_high: High Threshold value for ALS comparison. Range 0-65535 codes.
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86
6.2.33 SYSALS__THRESH_LOW
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysals__thresh_low
R/W
Address: 0x03C
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[15:0] sysals__thresh_low: Low Threshold value for ALS comparison. Range 0-65535 codes.
6.2.34 SYSALS__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
sysals__intermeasurement_period
R/W
Address: 0x03E
Type: R/W
Reset: 0xFF
Description:
[7:0] sysals__intermeasurement_period: Time delay between measurements in ALS continuous
mode. Range 0-254 (0 = 10ms). Step size = 10ms.
66/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

6.2.35 SYSALS__ANALOGUE_GAIN
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESERVED sysals__analogue_gain_light
R R/W
Address: 0x03F
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x06
Description:
[2:0] sysals__analogue_gain_light: ALS analogue gain (light channel)
0: ALS Gain = 20
1: ALS Gain = 10
2: ALS Gain = 5.0
3: ALS Gain = 2.5
4: ALS Gain = 1.67
5: ALS Gain = 1.25
6: ALS Gain = 1.0
7: ALS Gain = 40
Controls the “light” channel gain.
Note: Upper nibble should be set to 0x4 i.e. For ALS gain of 1.0 write 0x46.
6.2.36 SYSALS__INTEGRATION_PERIOD
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESERVED sysals__integration_period
R R/W
Address: 0x040
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[8:0] sysals__integration_period: Integration period for ALS mode. 1 code = 1 ms (0 = 1 ms).
Recommended setting is 100 ms (0x63).
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86
6.2.37 RESULT__RANGE_STATUS
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result__range_measurement_ready
result__range_max_threshold_hit
result__range_min_threshold_hit
result__range_device_ready
result__range_error_code
R R R R R
Address: 0x04D
Type: R
Reset: 0x1
Description:
[7:4] result__range_error_code: Specific error codes
0000: No error
0001: VCSEL Continuity Test
0010: VCSEL Watchdog Test
0011: VCSEL Watchdog
0100: PLL1 Lock
0101: PLL2 Lock
0110: Early Convergence Estimate
0111: Max Convergence
1000: No Target Ignore
1001: Not used
1010: Not used
1011: Max Signal To Noise Ratio
1100: Raw Ranging Algo Underflow
1101: Raw Ranging Algo Overflow
1110: Ranging Algo Underflow
1111: Ranging Algo Overflow
[3] result__range_min_threshold_hit: Legacy register - DO NOT USE
Use instead 6.2.39: RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO
[2] result__range_max_threshold_hit: Legacy register - DO NOT USE
[1] result__range_measurement_ready: Legacy register - DO NOT USE
[0] result__range_device_ready: Device Ready. When set to 1, indicates the device mode and
configuration can be changed and a new start command will be accepted. When 0, indicates
the device is busy.
68/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

6.2.38 RESULT__ALS_STATUS
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result__als_measurement_ready
result__als_max_threshold_hit
result__als_min_threshold_hit
result__als_device_ready
result__als_error_code
R R R R R
Address: 0x04E
Type: R
Reset: 0x1
Description:
[7:4] result__als_error_code: Specific error and debug codes
0000: No error
0001: Overflow error
0002: Underflow error
[3] result__als_min_threshold_hit: Legacy register - DO NOT USE
[2] result__als_max_threshold_hit: Legacy register - DO NOT USE
[1] result__als_measurement_ready: Legacy register - DO NOT USE
[0] result__als_device_ready: Device Ready. When set to 1, indicates the device mode and
configuration can be changed and a new start command will be accepted. When 0, indicates
the device is busy.
DocID026171 Rev 7 69/87

86
6.2.39 RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result_int_error_gpio result_int_als_gpio result_int_range_gpio
R R R
Address: 0x04F
Type: R
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[7:6] result_int_error_gpio: Interrupt bits for Error:
0: No error reported
1: Laser Safety Error
2: PLL error (either PLL1 or PLL2)
[5:3] result_int_als_gpio: Interrupt bits for ALS:
0: No threshold events reported
1: Level Low threshold event
2: Level High threshold event
3: Out Of Window threshold event
4: New Sample Ready threshold event
[2:0] result_int_range_gpio: Interrupt bits for Range:
0: No threshold events reported
1: Level Low threshold event
2: Level High threshold event
3: Out Of Window threshold event
4: New Sample Ready threshold event
6.2.40 RESULT__ALS_VAL
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result__als_ambient_light
R
Address: 0x050
Type: R
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[15:0] result__als_ambient_light: 16 Bit ALS count output value. Lux value depends on Gain and
integration settings and calibrated lux/count setting.
70/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

6.2.41 RESULT__HISTORY_BUFFER_x
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESULT__HISTOR
result__history_buffer_0
Y_BUFFER_0
RESULT__HISTOR
Y_BUFFER_1
RESULT__HISTOR
Y_BUFFER_2
RESULT__HISTOR
Y_BUFFER_3
RESULT__HISTOR
Y_BUFFER_4
RESULT__HISTOR
Y_BUFFER_5
RESULT__HISTOR
Y_BUFFER_6
RESULT__HISTOR
Y_BUFFER_7
R
Address: 0x052 + x * 0x2 (x=0 to 7)

Type: R
Reset: 0x0
Description: See also 6.2.11: SYSTEM__HISTORY_CTRL
RESULT__HISTOR result__history_buffer_0: Range/ALS result value.

Y_BUFFER_0: Range mode; Bits[15:8] range_val_latest; Bits[7:0] range_val_d1;
[15:0] ALS mode; Bits[15:0] als_val_latest
Y_BUFFER_1: Range mode; Bits[15:8] range_val_d2; Bits[7:0] range_val_d3;
[15:0] ALS mode; Bits[15:0] als_val_d1
DocID026171 Rev 7 71/87

86
6.2.42 RESULT__RANGE_VAL
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result__range_val
R
Address: 0x062
Type: R
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[7:0] result__range_val: Final range result value presented to the user for use. Unit is in mm.
6.2.43 RESULT__RANGE_RAW
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result__range_raw
R
Address: 0x064
Type: R
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[7:0] result__range_raw: Raw Range result value with offset applied (no cross-talk compensation
applied). Unit is in mm.
6.2.44 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_RATE
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result__range_return_rate
R
Address: 0x066
Type: R
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[15:0] result__range_return_rate: sensor count rate of signal returns correlated to IR emitter.
Computed from RETURN_SIGNAL_COUNT / RETURN_CONV_TIME. Mcps 9.7 format
72/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

6.2.45 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_RATE
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result__range_reference_rate
R
Address: 0x068
Type: R
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[15:0] result__range_reference_rate: sensor count rate of reference signal returns. Computed from
REFERENCE_SIGNAL_COUNT / RETURN_CONV_TIME. Mcps 9.7 format
Note: Both arrays converge at the same time, so using the return array convergence time is
correct.
6.2.46 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_SIGNAL_COUNT
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result__range_return_signal_count
R
Address: 0x06C
Type: R
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[31:0] result__range_return_signal_count: sensor count output value attributed to signal correlated to
IR emitter on the Return array.
DocID026171 Rev 7 73/87

86
6.2.47 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_SIGNAL_COUNT
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result__range_reference_signal_count
R
Address: 0x070
Type: R
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[31:0] result__range_reference_signal_count: sensor count output value attributed to signal
correlated to IR emitter on the Reference array.
6.2.48 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_AMB_COUNT
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result__range_return_amb_count
R
Address: 0x074
Type: R
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[31:0] result__range_return_amb_count: sensor count output value attributed to uncorrelated ambient
signal on the Return array. Must be multiplied by 6 if used to calculate the ambient to signal
threshold.
6.2.49 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_AMB_COUNT
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result__range_reference_amb_count
R
Address: 0x078
Type: R
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[31:0] result__range_reference_amb_count: sensor count output value attributed to uncorrelated
ambient signal on the Reference array.
74/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

6.2.50 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_CONV_TIME
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result__range_return_conv_time
R
Address: 0x07C
Type: R
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[31:0] result__range_return_conv_time: sensor count output value attributed to signal on the Return
array.
6.2.51 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_CONV_TIME
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
result__range_reference_conv_time
R
Address: 0x080
Type: R
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[31:0] result__range_reference_conv_time: sensor count output value attributed to signal on the
Reference array.
6.2.52 READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
readout__averaging_sample_period
R/W
Address: 0x10A
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x30
Description:
[7:0] readout__averaging_sample_period: The internal readout averaging sample period can be
adjusted from 0 to 255. Increasing the sampling period decreases noise but also reduces the
effective max convergence time and increases power consumption:
Effective max convergence time = max convergence time - readout averaging period (see
Section 2.7.1: Range timing). Each unit sample period corresponds to around 64.5 µs
additional processing time. The recommended setting is 48 which equates to around 4.3 ms.
DocID026171 Rev 7 75/87

86
6.2.53 FIRMWARE__BOOTUP
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
firmware__bootup
RESERVED
R R/W
Address: 0x119
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x1
Description:
[0] firmware__bootup: FW must set bit once initial boot has been completed.
6.2.54 FIRMWARE__RESULT_SCALER
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESERVED firmware__als_result_scaler
R R/W
Address: 0x120
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x1
Description:
[3:0] firmware__als_result_scaler: Bits [3:0] analogue gain 1 to 16x
6.2.55 I2C_SLAVE__DEVICE_ADDRESS
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESERVED super_i2c_slave__device_address
R R/W
Address: 0x212
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x29
Description:
[6:0] super_i2c_slave__device_address: User programmable I2C address (7-bit). Device address
can be re-designated after power-up.
76/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

6.2.56 INTERLEAVED_MODE__ENABLE
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
interleaved_mode__enable
R/W
Address: 0x2A3
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description:
[7:0] Interleaved mode enable: Write 0x1 to this register to select ALS+Range interleaved mode.
Use SYSALS__START and SYSALS__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD to control this mode.
A range measurement is automatically performed immediately after each ALS measurement.
DocID026171 Rev 7 77/87

86
7
78/87
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5(9,6,216
Outline drawing
5(9 '(6&5,37,21 '$7(
% 83'$7('287/,1(725(029(*$7(,//8675$7,21
A %
1(:'5$:,1*)5$0(216+7$7*5,'5()'

A
',0(16,21'(/(7(',1/+9,(:*$7($''('

$/6$3(5785(
GATE - COSMETIC
B VENT ONLY (SUPPLIER DEPENDENT) B

Outline drawing
3267,215(7851 /,*+7(0,66,21
$3(5785( $3(5785(
C C
DocID026171 Rev 7

D D

SEE SHEET 2
Figure 37. Outline drawing (page 1/2)

E AREA RESERVED FOR E
PART MARKING
127(6

',0(16,2160$5.('7+86$5(72%(86('
$6,163(&7,21',0(16,216

Tolerances, unless otherwise stated Interpret drawing per BS8888, Material
Linear 3RD Angle Projection Drawn Scale
All dimensions
0 Place Decimals 0 ±0.05 DAVID MCARDLE in mm Do Not Scale
F 1 Place Decimals 0.0 ±0.05 - 25:1 F
2 Place Decimals 0.00 ±0.05 Date STMicroelectronics
Angular ±0.25 degrees Finish 14 DEC 12 Imaging Division
Diameter +0.05 -
Position 0.10 Part No. Title
VL6180 BABYBEAR CUT 1.0 Sheet
Surface Finish 1.6 microns 8432884 VL6180X
MODULE OUTLINE DRAWING 1 OF 2
1 2 3 6 7 8
VL6180X
VL6180X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
REV B1

A ,1326 A

,1326

B PIN INDICATOR B

C C

TOLERANCE 0.03 APPLIES

UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED
DocID026171 Rev 7

,1326
PROXIMITY SENSOR
D &211(&7,217$%/( ALS CONE D
3$'1R )81&7,21 PROXIMITY SENSOR
*3,2 ILLUMINATION CONE
1& PROXIMITY SENSOR
VIEW CONE
1&
*3,2
6&/ &21($3(; &21($3(;
Figure 38. Outline drawing (page 2/2)
6'$
E 1& E
$9''B9&6(/
$966B9&6(/
$9'' )8//)29

1& $0%,(1775$160,66,21
*1'
Tolerances, unless otherwise stated Interpret drawing per BS8888, Material
Linear 3RD Angle Projection Drawn Scale
All dimensions
0 Place Decimals 0 ±0.05 DAVID MCARDLE in mm Do Not Scale
F 1 Place Decimals 0.0 ±0.05 - 25:1 F
2 Place Decimals 0.00 ±0.05 Date STMicroelectronics
Angular ±0.25 degrees Finish 14 DEC 12 Imaging Division
Diameter +0.05 -
Position 0.10 Part No. Title Sheet
VL6180 BABYBEAR CUT 1.0
VL6180X
Surface Finish 1.6 microns 8432884 MODULE OUTLINE DRAWING 2 OF 2
1 2 3 6 7 8
79/87
Outline drawing
86
Laser safety considerations VL6180X
8 Laser safety considerations
The VL6180X contains a laser emitter and corresponding drive circuitry. The laser output is
designed to remain within Class 1 laser safety limits under all reasonably foreseeable
conditions including single faults in compliance with IEC 60825-1:2007. The laser output will
remain within Class 1 limits as long as the STMicroelectronics recommended device
settings are used and the operating conditions specified in this datasheet are respected.
The laser output power must not be increased by any means and no optics should be used
with the intention of focusing the laser beam.
Figure 39. Class 1 laser product label
8.1 Compliance
Complies with 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11 except for deviations pursuant to Laser Notice
No.50, dated June 24, 2007.
80/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

VL6180X Ordering information
9 Ordering information
VL6180X is currently available in the following format. More detailed information is available
on request.
Table 29. Delivery format

Order code Description
VL6180XV0NR/1 Tape and reel (5000 units in a reel)
9.1 Traceability and identification

Latest ROM revision can be identified as follows:
0x002 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MINOR = 3
The minimum information required for traceability is the content of the following registers:
0x006 - IDENTIFICATION__DATE_HI
0x007 - IDENTIFICATION__DATE_LO
0x008 - IDENTIFICATION__TIME (16-bit)
0x00A - IDENTIFICATION__CODE
With this information, the module can be uniquely identified.
Preferably, all the IDENTIFICATION register contents should be provided for traceability.
9.2 Part marking

Devices are marked on the underside as shown below. 1st line is the product ID. 2nd line is
the manufacturing info. (circled in green), where the 1st four letters are the lot ID and the
last 3 digits are the year + week number. Here: 338 is 2013 wk38. The final letter, circled in
red, is the ROM revision (‘E’).
Figure 40. Part marking
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86
Ordering information VL6180X
9.3 Packaging
The Root part number 1 is available in tape and reel packaging as shown in Figure 41.
Figure 41. Tape and reel packaging

1.55+ 4.0 (Po)
- 0.1 (Do)
B 2.0 (P2)
0.30 +
- 0.05 (T)
- 0.05 (F)
1.75 (E)
- 0.3 (W)
5.5 +
A A
5°
5.10 (Bo)
12.0+
1.20 (Ko) B 8.0 (P1) 1.6 +

- 0.05 (D1)
SECTION B-B
3.10 (Ao)
SECTION A-A USER FEED

DIRECTION
Ao +
- 0.1 Bo +-0.1 Ko +-0.1 E+
- 0.1 F+
- 0.05 Po +-0.1 P1 +-0.1 P2 +-0.1 Do +-0.1 T+- 0.05 W+-0.3
3.10 5.10 1.20 1.75 5.5 4.0 8.0 2.0 1.55 0.30 12.0
9.3.1 Package labeling

The labeling on the packing carton is shown in Figure 42. The latest ROM revision is
indicated alongside the order code (shaded green) and also after the product marking
(shaded pink).
Figure 42. Package labeling
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VL6180X Ordering information
9.4 Storage
The Root part number 1 is a MSL 3 package.
Table 30. Storage conditions

Floor Life (out of bag) at Factory
Level
Ambient <30oC/60% RH
3 1 Week
After this limit, dry bake to be done; 3 hours at 125oC.
9.5 ROHS compliance

The Root part number 1 is Ecopack2 compliant as per ST definition.
Devices which are ROHS compliant even with use of ROHS exemption(s) and free of
Halogenated flame retardant are named ECOPACK2 devices with the following definition:
• ROHS compliant even with use of ROHS exemption(s)
• 500 ppm maximum of Antimony as oxide or organic compound in each organic
assembly material (glue, substrate, mod compounds, housing...). Antimony in ceramic
parts, in glass and in solder alloy is not restricted.
• 900 ppm maximum Bromine + Chlorine in each organic assembly materials (glue,
substrate, mold compounds, housing...)
These values are referring to maximum total content not to extractable ions content.
Purchasing specification of assembly materials can impose lower values for technical
reasons.
ECOPACK2 devices are of course fully compliant to ST banned and declarable substances
specification and for example cannot contain red Phosphorus flame retardant.
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86
ECOPACK® VL6180X
10 ECOPACK®
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of

ECOPACK® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com.
ECOPACK® is an ST trademark.
84/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

VL6180X Revision history
11 Revision history
Table 31. Document revision history

Date Revision Changes
23-Sep-2013 1 Initial release.

General update for latest ROM revision:
Section 1.1: Technical specification updated
Section 1.4: Typical application schematic updated
Section 1.5: Recommended solder pad dimensions updated
Notes added to Figure 5.: Recommended reflow profile
Section 2.10: Ambient light sensor (ALS) updated.
30-Jan-2014 1.1 Section 5.1: Absolute maximum ratings added
Section 5.2: Normal operating conditions extended
Section 4: I2C control interface added
Revised outline drawing added to Section 7: Outline drawing
Class 1 laser product label added to Section 7: Outline drawing
Section 9: Ordering information added information relating to
device marking and package labeling
Updates to the following sections:
Section 1.5: Recommended solder pad dimensions
Section 5.2: Normal operating conditions
Section 5.3: Electrical characteristics
Section 3.1: Proximity ranging (0 to 100mm)
02-Apr-2014 1.2
Added Section 3.2: ALS performance
Corrected error codes in.Section 6.2.38: RESULT__ALS_STATUS
Updated Section 6.2.20:
SYSRANGE__MAX_CONVERGENCE_TIME
Product code changed to VL6180X
Add documentation reference number (026171)
09-Apr-14 2
Update Disclaimer
ALS linearity spec updated in Section 3.2: ALS performance
Updated some detail in Table 1.: Technical specification
Added comment to Section 1.3: Device pinout stating that pins
labeled ‘no connect’ can optionally be connected to ground
15-May-14 3
Added test condition to Section 5.3: Electrical characteristics
Errata corrections in 6.2.8, 6.2.35 and 6.2.54
Section 7: Outline drawing updated (no dimensional changes)
Dry bake conditions updated in Section 9.4: Storage
28-May-14 4 Added Section 8.1: Compliance
Re-write of Section 2: Functional description.
Section 6: Device registers: Added introduction and minor
16-Jun-14 5 corrections
Section 7: Outline drawing updated to Rev B1. Supplier dependent
gate mark added.
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86
Revision history VL6180X
Table 31. Document revision history (continued)

Date Revision Changes
Updates:
Section : Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR): Clarified SNR calculation.
Section 6: Device registers: Corrected a clarified some register
20-Aug-2014 6
descriptions.
Typical ranging performance graph updated.
Delivery & manufacturing info updated.
Updates:
- API integrated into datasheet
Add:
16-Mar-2016 7
Section 2.7.5: Wrap Around Filter
Section 2.7.6: Maximum ranging distance (DMAX)
Section 4.1: I2C interface - timing characteristics
86/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

VL6180X
IMPORTANT NOTICE – PLEASE READ CAREFULLY
STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, enhancements, modifications, and
improvements to ST products and/or to this document at any time without notice. Purchasers should obtain the latest relevant information on
ST products before placing orders. ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale in place at the time of order
acknowledgement.
Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection, and use of ST products and ST assumes no liability for application assistance or
the design of Purchasers’ products.
No license, express or implied, to any intellectual property right is granted by ST herein.
Resale of ST products with provisions different from the information set forth herein shall void any warranty granted by ST for such product.
ST and the ST logo are trademarks of ST. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners.
Information in this document supersedes and replaces information previously supplied in any prior versions of this document.
© 2016 STMicroelectronics – All rights reserved
DocID026171 Rev 7 87/87

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VL6180X

Proximity and ambient light sensing (ALS) module

Datasheet - production data

• Two programmable GPIO

March 2016 DocID026171 Rev 7 1/87

2/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

4 I2C control interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

DocID026171 Rev 7 3/87

4/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

8 Laser safety considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

DocID026171 Rev 7 5/87

Table 1. Technical specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

6/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

Figure 1. VL6180X block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

DocID026171 Rev 7 7/87

This datasheet is applicable to the final VL6180X ROM code revision.

1.1 Technical specification

Package Optical LGA12

Hardware standby (GPIO0 = 0): < 1 μA(5)

8/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

1.2 System block diagram

SCL IR emitter driver AVSS_VCSEL

1.3 Device pinout

Figure 2. VL6180X pinout

DocID026171 Rev 7 9/87

Table 2. VL6180X pin numbers and signal descriptions

Interrupt output. Open-drain. If used,

1.4 Typical application schematic

Figure 3. Root part number 1 schematic

1. Open drain. If pin is used, then 47 kΩ recommended, otherwise leave floating

10/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

1.5 Recommended solder pad dimensions

Same as device pad dimensions

1.6 Recommended reflow profile

Figure 5. Recommended reflow profile

Table 3. Recommended reflow profile

Temperature gradient in preheat (T= 70 - 180°C): 0.9 +/- 0.1°C/s

DocID026171 Rev 7 11/87

Figure 6. Typical ranging performance

12/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

Figure 7. ALS linearity

2.1 Ranging pipe

Figure 8. Ranging pipe architecture

2.2 System state diagram

DocID026171 Rev 7 13/87

Figure 9. System state diagram

a. Use of GPIO0 is optional

14/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

2.3 Timing diagram

Figure 10. Power-up timing

Table 4. Power-up timing constraints

t1 AVDD_VCSEL power applied after AVDD - 0 ms

DocID026171 Rev 7 15/87

2.4 Software overview

2.5 Operating modes

16/87 DocID026171 Rev 7

Table 5. API supported operating modes

1 Range single-shot • Range

Table 6. VL6180X range operating modes

Host requests single