Regents Practice Questions: Receptor Molecules Carbohydrates Enzymes Starch Molecules

REGENTS PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. The diagram below represents a technique used in some molecular biology laboratories.
This technique is a type of
1. chromatography
2. gel electrophoresis
3. direct harvesting
4. genetic engineering
2. A laboratory technique is represented in the diagram below. Letter A represents a process.
Which specific chemicals are needed to successfully carry out the process shown at A?
1. receptor molecules
2. carbohydrates
3. enzymes
4. starch molecules
3. In some people, the lack of a particular enzyme causes a disease. Scientists are attempting to use
bacteria to produce this enzyme for the treatment of people with the disease. Which row in the chart
below best describes the sequence of steps the scientists would most likely follow?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
10
1
4. The flounder is a species of fish that can live in very cold water. The fish produces an “antifreeze”
protein that prevents ice crystals from forming in its blood. The DNA for this protein has been identified.
An enzyme is used to cut and remove this section of flounder DNA that is then spliced into the DNA of
a strawberry plant. As a result, the plant can now produce a protein that makes it more resistant to the
damaging effects of frost. This process is known as
1. sorting of genes
2. genetic engineering
3. recombination of chromosomes
4. mutation by deletion of genetic material
5. The diagram below represents the process used in 1996 to clone the first mammal, a sheep named Dolly.
Which statement concerning Dolly is correct?
1. Gametes from sheep A and sheep B were united to produce Dolly.

2. The chromosome makeup of Dolly is identical to that of sheep A.
3. Both Dolly and sheep C have identical DNA.
4. Dolly contains genes from sheep B and sheep C.
2
6. For centuries, certain animals have been crossed to produce offspring that have desirable qualities. Dogs
have been mated to produce Labradors, beagles, and poodles. All of these dogs look and behave very
differently from one another. This technique of producing organisms with specific qualities is known as
1. gene replication
2. natural selection
3. random mutation
4. selective breeding
Base your answers to questions 7 & 8 on the diagram below.
7. This technique used to analyze DNA directly results in:
1. synthesizing large fragments of DNA

2. separating DNA fragments on the basis of size
3. producing genetically engineered DNA molecules
4. removing the larger DNA fragments from the samples
8. This laboratory technique is known as
1 gel electrophoresis
2 DNA replication
3 protein synthesis
4 genetic recombination
3
A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram below.
Compared to the fragments at the top of the gel, the fragments at the lower end are
Answers
1. larger, and move slower
2. larger, and move faster
3. smaller, and move faster
4. smaller, and move slower
4
10. Base your answer on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology.
Search of a Low-Allergy Peanut

Many people are allergic to substances in the environment. Of the many foods that
contain allergens (allergy-inducing substances), peanuts cause some of the most
severe reactions. Mildly allergic people may only get hives. Highly allergic people
can go into a form of shock. Some people die each year from reactions to peanuts.
A group of scientists is attempting to produce peanuts that lack the allergy-

inducing proteins by using traditional selective breeding methods. They are
searching for varieties of peanuts that are free of the allergens. By crossing those
varieties with popular commercial types, they hope to produce peanuts that will
be less likely to cause allergic reactions and still taste good. So far, they have
found one variety that has 80 percent less of one of three complex proteins linked
to allergic reactions. Removing all three of these allergens may be impossible,
but even removing one could help.
Other researchers are attempting to alter the genes that code for the three major
allergens in peanuts. All of this research is seen as a possible long-term solution
to peanut allergies.
Explain how selective breeding is being used to try to produce commercial

peanuts that will
not cause allergic reactions in people.
THEY ARE BREEDING PEANUTS THAT ARE FREE OF ALLERGENS WITH POPULAR BRANDS OF
PEANUT, HOPING THAT THE OFFSPRING WILL HAVE LESS ALLERGENS

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REGENTS PRACTICE QUESTIONS

This technique is a type of

2. A laboratory technique is represented in the diagram below. Letter A represents a process.

Which statement concerning Dolly is correct?

1. Gametes from sheep A and sheep B were united to produce Dolly.

Base your answers to questions 7 & 8 on the diagram below.

7. This technique used to analyze DNA directly results in:

1. synthesizing large fragments of DNA

8. This laboratory technique is known as

1. larger, and move slower

2. larger, and move faster

3. smaller, and move faster

4. smaller, and move slower

Search of a Low-Allergy Peanut

A group of scientists is attempting to produce peanuts that lack the allergy-

Explain how selective breeding is being used to try to produce commercial

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