1

Section A
For
Examiner’s
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. Use

The total mark for this section is 45

A1 (a) Choose from the following compounds to answer the questions below.

ammonium sulfate
calcium oxide
copper(II) chloride
ethanoic acid
ethene
nitrogen dioxide
sodium iodide
sulfur dioxide

Each compound can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Which compound

(i) may be formed when alkanes are cracked,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) forms a yellow precipitate with aqueous silver nitrate,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) is used as a fertiliser,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iv) is a pollutant arising from lightning activity,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(v) is used by farmers to reduce soil acidity,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(vi) forms an alkaline solution when it reacts with water?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Define the term compound.

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Explain why sodium iodide will not conduct electricity when solid but will conduct when
dissolved in water. ..............
..............
.......................................................................................................................................... ..............
[Turn over
 2
............................................................................................ [2]
For
Examiner’s
[Total: 9] Use

A2 In the presence of yeast, aqueous glucose, C6H12O6, is changed into carbon dioxide and
ethanol. For
Examiner’s
Use
(a) Write the equation for this reaction.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Name this reaction.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Suggest how the speed of this reaction varies as the temperature changes from 20 to
60 °C.

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Carbon dioxide is also formed when calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric

acid. CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

The graph shows how the volume of carbon dioxide changes when calcium carbonate
powder reacts with excess 0.5 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid.
On the same axes, sketch the curve you would expect when the experiment is repeated
using the same amount of calcium carbonate and excess 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric
acid.
[2]

140

120

100

volume of 80
carbon dioxide
/ cm3 60

40

20

0
0 25 50 75
time / s

Fig. 1

[Total: 6]
 5

A3 Dry air contains mainly nitrogen and oxygen together with small amounts of argon and For
carbon dioxide. Examiner’s
Use
(a) State the approximate percentages of nitrogen and oxygen in dry air.
(i) W
nitrogen ...............................% oxygen .........................................% [1] h
at
d
(b) Dry air contains about 1% of the argon-40 isotope, 40
18Ar.
o
y
o
u
u
n
d
er
st
a
n
d
by
th
e
te
r
m
is
ot
o
p
e
?

..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........

..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
[Total: 8]
[Turn over
 6
..... [1] m c
e i
(ii) State the number of electrons and neutrons in this isotope t p
h it
of argon. number of electrons y a
l t
..................................................................... a e
m
number of neutrons ..................................................................... [1] i i
n s
(c) Argon is used in the manufacture of titanium. In this process titanium(IV) e o
chloride, TiCl4, is reduced with hot sodium. The products are titanium and
i b
sodium chloride.
s s
a e
(i) Write an equation for the reaction between titanium(IV) chloride and sodium.
d r
.............................................................................................................................. [1] d v
e e
(ii) During this reaction argon is blown over the mixture of sodium and d d
titanium(IV) chloride. t .
Suggest why the reaction is carried out in an atmosphere of argon. o Sugge
a what y
.............................................................................................................................. [1] q would
u observ
(d) A small amount of xenon is present in the air. Several compounds of xenon e when
have been made in recent years. o aqueo
A compound of xenon contained 9.825 g of xenon, 1.200 g of oxygen and u methyl
5.700 g of fluorine. s ne is
Determine the empirical formula of this compound. ir added
o aqueo
n iron(II)
( chlorid
I
I ..........
I ..........
) ..........
c ..........
h ..........
l ..........
o ..........
ri ..........
d ..........
e
, ..........
a ..........
[3] r ..........
A4 Methylamine, CH3NH2, is a base which has similar properties to (b) W e ..........
ammonia. When methylamine dissolves in water, the following h d ..........
equilibrium is set up. e - ..........
n b ..........
CH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH + 3 + OH– a r ..........
q o ...... [1
(a) Explain why methylamine behaves as a base in this reaction. u w
e n (c) M
............................................................................................................................. o p e
......... [1] u r t
s e h
 7
ylamine is a gas. Calculate the volume occupied by 6.2 g of methylamine at
For
room temperature and pressure. Examiner
’s Use

[
2
]
(d) Br
o
[2]
mi
ne
(d) Methylamine is made by reacting methanol with excess ammonia under is
pressure in the presence of a catalyst. a
liq
CH3OH + NH3 CH3NH2 + H2O ui
d
(i) Define the term catalyst. wit
h
.............................................................................................................................. [1] a
lo
(ii) Calculate the theoretical yield of methylamine that can be obtained from w
240 kg of methanol. bo
ilin
g
po
int
an
d
a
[2] str
on
[Total: 7] g
s
A5 Bromine is extracted by reacting the potassium bromide in seawater with chlorine. m
For
Examiner ell.
(a) Write an equation for this reaction. ’s Use A
te
.............................................................................................................................
c
......... [1] h
ni
(b) The bromine is purified by treatment with
ci
sulfur dioxide. Describe a test for sulfur a
dioxide. n
s
test .................................................................................................. pi
lt
result ............................................................................................... s
o
(c) Bromine is a halogen.
m
Complete the table to estimate both the density and boiling point of bromine.
e
br
density of solid boiling point o
halogen
halogen in g/cm3 / °C m
in
fluorine 1.51 –188 e
in
chlorine 1.56 –35 th
e
[Total: 8]
[Turn over
 8
corner of a room which is free of draughts. After thirty seconds the bromine
could be smelt on the other side of the room. 700

600

4
technician 3

1
bromine spillage

Fig. 2

Use the kinetic particle theory to explain why the bromine could be smelt on the
other side of the room.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]
A6 A thin layer of ozone, O3, is present high in the Earth’s atmosphere.
For
Examiner
(a) Explain why the ozone layer is important in terms of human health. ’s Use

.............................................................................................................................
.............

.............................................................................................................................
.............

.............................................................................................................................
......... [2]

(b) Chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs, catalyse the conversion of ozone

to oxygen. Write the equation for this reaction.

.............................................................................................................................
......... [1]
mount of high level ozone / Dobson units
FC production / thousands of tonnes

(c) The graphs show how both the world CFC production and the amount of high
level ozone at the South Pole have changed over the last 26 years.

1000
CFC production
900

800
 amount of ozone
9
0
0 1
0
1 0
5
0 5
0

1980 1990 2000 2006

year

Fig. 3

(i) Describe how the world production of CFCs has changed over the last 26 years.

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
[Turn over
 9

(ii) What evidence, if any, is there to indicate a link between the world CFC production For
and the amount of high-level ozone in the atmosphere at the South Pole? Examiner’s
Use

Explain your answer. S his

e sectio
.................................................................................................................................. c n is
ti 30.
.................................................................................................................................. o
n
.................................................................................................................................. B
B
.................................................................................................................................. A7
n
.............................................................................................................................. s C
[2] wo
ep
[Total: 7] r p
t e
hr
r
ei
es
q
up
eu
st r
io i
nf
s i
fr e
od
m
tb
hi y
s
s t
eh
ct e
io
ne
. l
e
Tc
ht
er
t o
ol
t y
al s
mi
as
r
k o
f f
o
r a
t q
[Turn over
 10
ueous copper(II) sulfate using copper electrodes. B
For
Examiner
(a) Explain how this process is carried out in the laboratory and give relevant ’s Use O
equations for the electrode reactions.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]

(b) Aqueous copper(II) sulfate can also be electrolysed using carbon electrodes.

(i) Write an equation for the reaction which takes place at the anode in this
electrolysis.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Explain why the colour of the copper(II) sulfate solution fades during this
electrolysis.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Copper is a transition element.

(i) Name two transition elements, or compounds of transition elements,

which are used as catalysts. For each catalyst name an industrial product
made using the catalyst.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Other than acting as catalysts state two properties which are specific to
For
transition elements. Examiner
’s Use
..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 10]
 11
o .
n .
H C OH .
i .
C C
s .
HO C H .
a .
O .
c .
Fig. 4 o .
n .
(a) Describe the reaction of aqueous fumaric acid with aqueous bromine, giving d .
the equation for the reaction and stating any observations. e .
n .
.......................................................................................................................................... s .
a .
.
.......................................................................................................................................... t
.
i
.
.......................................................................................................................................... o
.
n
.
.......................................................................................................................................... .
p .
.......................................................................................................................................... o .
l .
...................................................................................................................................... y .
[3] m .
e .
(b) A solution of fumaric acid was titrated against aqueous sodium r .
. .
hydroxide. HO2CCH=CHCO2H + 2NaOH .
S .
NaO2CCH=CHCO2Na t .
a .
+ 2H2O t .
e .
3 3
18.0 cm of 0.200 mol/dm sodium hydroxide were required to neutralise 60.0 .
cm3 of fumaric acid solution. o .
3
Calculate the concentration, in mol / dm , of the fumaric acid solution. n .
e .
.
..........................................................................................................................................
u .
.......................................................................................................................................... s .
e .
.
..........................................................................................................................................
o .
.......................................................................................................................................... f .
.
.......................................................................................................................................... n .
y .
...................................................................................................................................... l .
[3] o .
n .
(c) Suggest the type of condensation polymer which is made when fumaric acid . .
reacts with ethane-1,2-diol, HO—CH2—CH2—OH (d) N .
y ............. .
...................................................................................................................................... [1] l ............. .
.
[Turn over
 12
.................................................. [1]
For
Examiner
(e) Describe two pollution problems caused by the disposal of non-biodegradable ’s Use
plastics.
[
1
..........................................................................................................................................
]
.......................................................................................................................................... (c) M tio
a fo
ny
.......................................................................................................................................... sc th
ie co
...................................................................................................................................... [2] nti et
st co
s
[Total: 10] thi us
nk of
B9 The diagram shows the carbon th oc
For
cycle. Exa
at e.
mine
th
r’s e
Use b .
carbon dioxide in atmosphere ur .
ni
n .
g .
of .
hy .
combustion and respiration photosynthesis dr
oc .
ar .
b .
o .
ns
fossil fuels su .
ch .
oceans as .
oc .
ta
n .
e, .
C .
limestone sediments 8 .
H
18
.
Fig. 5 , .
co .
(a) Describe the process of photosynthesis in simple terms. nt .
ri
b .
.......................................................................................................................................... ut .
es .
.......................................................................................................................................... to .
cli
m .
...................................................................................................................................... [2] at .
e .
ch .
(b) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram for carbon dioxide showing the outer electrons only. a
n .
g .
e. .
.
(i) W .
.
rit
e.
.
an
.
eq
.
ua
 13
...................................................................................... [1] n,
For
Examiner
b ..........
(ii) Why do some scientists think that the burning of hydrocarbons ’s Use y ..........
contributes to climate change? re ..........
fe ..........
.................................................................................................................................. re ..........
n ..........
.............................................................................................................................. [1] c ..........
e ..........
(d) In the oceans carbon dioxide reacts with carbonate ions in seawater to form to ..........
hydrogencarbonate ions. th
e ..........
CO2 + H2O + CO 2–
2HCO –
c ..........
3
h ..........
(i) Microscopic plants remove carbon dioxide from the surface waters of e ..........
the oceans. What effect does this have on the reaction above? Explain m ..........
your answer. ic ..........
al ..........
.................................................................................................................................. ..........
re
..........
a
.................................................................................................................................. ct
..........
io
..........
.................................................................................................................................. n
..........
s
..........
.............................................................................................................................. [2] in
..........
v ..........
(ii) Name a carbonate compound which is soluble in water. ol ..........
v ..........
.............................................................................................................................. [1] e ..........
d,
(e) Calcium carbonate is used in flue gas desulfurisation. w ..........
Describe this process and explain why it is important for the environment. h ..........
y ..........
............................................................................................................................ li ..........
.............. m ..........
e ..........
............................................................................................................................ st ..........
.............. o ..........
n ..........
............................................................................................................................ e
.............. is ..........
u ..........
............................................................................................................................ s ..........
.............. e ..........
d ..........
............................................................................................................................ in ..........
.......... [2] th ..........
e ..........
[Total: 10] bl ..........
B10 Iron is extracted by reducing iron ore in a blast furnace. The raw materials used are a
iron ore, coke, air and limestone. (b) E st ..........
x fu ..........
(a) Name an ore of iron. p rn ..........
l a ..........
............................................................................................................................ a c ..........
.......... [1] e. ..........
i
[Turn over
 14
..........................................
For
Examiner
............................................................................................................................ ’s Use
.......... [3]

(c) Coke burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide.

Explain, in terms of bond breaking and bond making, why this reaction is
exothermic.

............................................................................................................................
..............

............................................................................................................................
..............

............................................................................................................................
..............

............................................................................................................................
..............

............................................................................................................................
..............

............................................................................................................................
..............

............................................................................................................................
.......... [3]

(d) In the centre of the blast furnace iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3, is reduced by carbon
monoxide to form iron and carbon dioxide. Near the bottom of the blast
furnace the remaining iron(III) oxide is reduced by carbon to form iron and
carbon monoxide.
Write equations for both of these reactions.

............................................................................................................................
..............

............................................................................................................................
.......... [2]
 17

(e) When cold, the iron obtained from the blast furnace is brittle. For
How can this iron from the blast furnace be converted to mild steel? Examiner’s
Use

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
[1]

[Total: 10]
 18

BLANK PAGE
 DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII 0
1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131 20
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 209 210 222
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

223 226 227

Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89 †

140 141 144 147 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
* 58–71 Lanthanoid series
† 90–103 Actinoid series Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
a a = relative atomic mass 232 231 238 237 244 243 247 247 251 252 257 258 259 260
Key X X = atomic symbol Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
b b = atomic (proton) number 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).