To Become A Problem Solver 2019

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TO BECOME

PROBLEM
SOLVER
Introduction
Name : Harry Kusniawan
Role : HCD, PT. Lintas Marga Sedaya
Why We Do Need Improvement ?

Can you get this statement ?


“If you stay here once, we want you back!”
How to Get
The Right, Efficient and Effective
Change / Improvement
Objective

To understand why we need Astra


Management System (AMS)

To understand the alignment of


project improvement in AMS

Able to implement 8 step methodology


for project improvement
Topics

Why We Need Astra


Management System
(AMS)?

The Alignment of
Project Improvement
in AMS

How to Implement 8 Step


Methodology for Project
Improvement
1.

Why We Need
Astra Management
System (AMS)?
Astra Value System

Sets of Sets of Sets of


VALUES SYSTEM BEHAVIOR
Heart Head Hand
Share Share Share
Astra Management System

CORPORATE PHILOSOPHY
BUSINESS & WORK ETHICS

BASIC MENTALITY STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT TOOLS


FOCUS on CUSTOMER GOAL & STRATEGY VISIONING PROCESS
FOCUS on PDCA (Policy Management)
FOCUS on FACTS & DATA STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT
PROCESS
FOCUS on TEAMWORK
(Activity Management) PROCESS ALIGNMENT
FOCUS on EXCELLENCE
CONTROL
(Execution)

ENABLERS FOR IMPLEMENTATION


COMMITMENT ALIGNMENT MONITORING SUPPORT
The Importance of Strategic
Management & Tools
Tesco

In order to achieve competitive advantage,


we need a good strategy and its execution
The Roles of Basic Mentality

Focus on Focus on Focus on Focus on Focus on


CUSTOMER PDCA FACT & DATA TEAMWORK EXCELLENCE

Dharma II Dharma III Dharma IV


The Roles of Enablers for
Implementation

Commitment Alignment Monitoring Supporting


2.

The Alignment of
Project Improvement
in AMS
The Alignment Process of AMS
values vision strategy process control structure result
system

vision strategy process control structure frustration


system

values strategy process control structure confusion


system

values vision process control structure wrong start


system

values vision strategy control structure inefficiency


system

values vision strategy process structure wrong step

values vision strategy process control crowded


system

The alignment process of AMS will ensure your strategy is well executed
InnovAstra as a Strategic
Growth Engine
InnovAstra
InnovAstra to the Next Level
10 Types of Innovation
Methodologies:
For Process Innovation
1. Determine Improvement Theme & Analyze Situation DEFINE
2. Determine Target MEASURE
PLAN
3. Identify Root Causes & Main Root Causes ANALYZE

4. Plan Improvement Actions


IMPROVE
DO 5. Implement Improvement Actions

CHECK 6. Evaluate Result

7. Standardization CONTROL
ACTION
8. Identify next improvement

Problem Solving & 8 Steps QC (TQM) DMAIC (6 Sigma)


Decision Making
Basic Principles
3.

How to Implement 8
Step Methodology for
Project Improvement
8 Step Methodology

8. PENETAPAN PERBAIKAN
BERIKUTNYA
ACT
1. MENENTUKAN TEMA
& ANALISA SITUASI 7. STAND ARISASI &
RENCANA
PENCEGA HANNYA
P
2. MENETA PKAN Masalah teratasi ya
L TARGET
tapi targetbelum
Periksa
tidak Hasilnya
Memuaskan
tercapai
A (Tercapai)?

N CHECK
3. ANALISA FAKTOR Implementasi benar
PENYEBAB & tapi masalah masih 6. EVALUA SI HASIL
muncul
MENEMUKAN SUMBER Ada penyimpangan/
PENYEBAB Kegagalan
implementasi DO
4. MENCARI IDE-IDE & 5. IMPLEMENTASI
RENCANA PERBAIKAN RENCANA PERBAIKAN
8 Step Methodology
STEPS OBJECTIVES BASIC QC-TOOLS DELIVERABLE

1. MenentukanTema Memilih tema BRAINSTORMING Tema QCC


dan Analisa Situasi Membentuk Tim QCC CHECK-SHEET Tim QCC
Menentukan batasanQCC STRATIFICATION Batasan Tema QCC
Mengumpulkan data PARETO Data-data terkait dengan tema
SCATTER
HISTOGRAM

Menentukan kinerja saat ini Target perbaikan


2. Menetapkan Target GRAPH
Menetapkan target kinerja Diskripsi kondisi saat ini
BRAINSTORMING
3. Analisa Faktor dan Menentukan sumber permasalahan Sumber-sumber penyebab
FISHBONE
MenemukanSumber Menentukan sumber permasalahan Sumber penyebab dominan (root cause)
PARETO
Penyebab dominan
SCATTER

4. Mencari Ide-ide & Sumber penyebab (WHAT), lokasi (WHERE),


Mencari ide-ide perbaikan SELECTION MATRIX
alasan/obyektif perbaikan (WHY), ide-ide solusi terpilih
Membuat Rencana (penaggulangan) [5W2H]
Perbaikan (HOW), biaya diperlukan (HOW MUCH), penanggung
Memilih ide-ide perbaikan
jawab (WHO), waktu pelaksanaan (WHEN),

5. Implementasi Ide-ide Implementasi ide-ide perbaikan Diskripsi perbaikan


Perbaikan

Memeriksa hasil perbaikan CHECK-SHEET


6. EvaluasiHasil Diskripsi SEBELUM dan SESUDAH perbaikan
(membandingkan sebelum dan HISTOGRAM
sesudah perbaikan) PARETO
CONTROL CHART
7. Standarisasi dan Membuat standarisasi BARU : Standard Operating Procedure (SOP),
Rencana Pencegahan dan rencana pencegahan Working Instruction (WI)

8. Penetapan Rencana Menentukanrencana BRAINSTROMING Tema perbaikan berikutnya


Berikut perbaikan berikutnya PARETO
Step 1. Define Theme
Collect data to see what can be done: OBJECTIVES
Choose a theme
Higher quality Set team & member
Cheaper Decide scope of activities
Faster Collect data
Safer
Easier DELIVERABLES
A theme
Choose a theme (Verb + Noun) based on Team / group name
priority Scope of activities
Data related with theme
Decide on who are related to our project
(Leader and Member) TOOLS
Brainstorming
Define which processes to be improved Check-sheet
Stratification
Pareto
Scatter
Histogram

Coca Cola
Step 1. Define Theme Example
Budget (Jan-Mar) Actual (Jan-Mar) Analysis
Biaya Air PAM 100 160 60% increase
Biaya Listrik 100 110 10% increase
Biaya Telepon 100 105 5% increase

70%
120%

60%
60% Tema:
100% 100% Menurunkan biaya PAM
50% 93%
80%
40%
80% Tim : GA Dept
60% QC Leader: Amat
30%
40%
QC Member: Aan, Andri, & Alis
20%

10%
20% Batasan: proses distribusi air PAM
10%
5% S I P O C
(PAM) (Air bersih) (Distribusi) (Air bersih) (Karyawan)
0% 0%
BiayaPAM Biayalistrik Biaya telepon
HINTS
Beberapa Hal yang perlu diperhatikan :
1. Tema yang dipilih harus memenuhi kriteria
• Urgency
• Importantly
2. Jangan memilih Tema yang Nice to Have
3. Selalu berdasarkan data, jangan berasumsi
4. Cara Termudah menentukan tema : KPI, Benchmarking
5. Jangan memilih tema yang ruang lingkupnya diluar tanggung jawab kita
6. Hati hati terhadap perkataan:
“ Semut di seberang lautan terlihat, gajah di depan mata dilupakan”
7. Kerucutkan dan fokuskan permasalahan agar tema yang didapat tidak terlalu luas
8. Semakin detil dan lengkap data yang digunakan makin baik
Step 2. Set the Target

Confirm your current performance data

Refer to 3C (Company, Customer and


Competitor to confirm what to be expected

Set target with SMART criteria (Specific,


OBJECTIVES
Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time Decide current condition
Bound) Decide performance target

Notes:
Answer VOC? DELIVERABLES
Don’t describe the solution Current condition description
Improvement target

TOOLS
Histogram
Facing the giant
Step 2. Set the Target Example

Target: Summary:
Menurunkan biaya air PAM dari 160 menjadi 140 dalam 3 bulan SMART
HINTS
Beberapa Hal yang perlu diperhatikan :
1. Target harus SMART
2. Target harus jelas, sebaiknya hanya ada 1 target, bila lebih dari 1 artinya tema terlalu
luas
3. Target SMART ≠ Kata2 / Kalimat, sebaiknya dituangkan dengan singkat
4. Leader perlu mengetahui alasan penentuan target
5. Alasan termudah untuk target :
• KPI
• Benchmarking
• Scretching Target
Step 3. Identify Root Cause

Identify the cause(s) by using fishbone OBJECTIVES


diagram Decide problem sources
Decide dominant problem source
Discover the root cause(s) of the problem
by asking 5 WHY
DELIVERABLES
Determine the dominant root cause(s) by Root cause sources
using pareto or scatter diagrams Dominant root cause sources

TOOLS
Brainstorming
Fishbone
Pareto
R Scatter

Lucy Movie
Step 3. Identify Root Cause Example

Man
Tidak sadar
(employee)

Boros

Tidak terkontrol
Biaya PAM
Naik 60%

Tidak dapat Bocor


Digunakan kembali Tak anti karat
Tidak ditreatment Berkarat

Material Machine
(water ) (tap)
HINTS
Beberapa Hal yang perlu diperhatikan :
1. Selalu lakukan brainstorming, terutama dengan front liners
2. Brainstorming ≠ One Man Show
3. Open Minded jangan menjudge di tahap ini
4. Berhenti bertanya (WHY) sewaktu jawabannya sudah diluar tanggung jawab dan kuasa kita
5. Hindari penentuan masalah berdasarkan asumsi yang tidak berdasar (karyawan baru, karyawan
sudah berumur, jumlah orang kurang, dll)
6. Tidak perlu terikat pada 4M1E
7. Faktor masalah (4M1E) bisa saja menghasilkan rootcause yang sama atau cross rootcause
8. Selalu nomori seluruh rootcause yang didapat
9. Rootcause utama ditentukan oleh :
• Frekwensi kejadian
• Severity
Step 4. Develop Solution
& Action Plan
Generate new improvement idea(s) OBJECTIVES
Look for improvement ideas
(handling ideas)
Analyze cost & benefit of each idea(s) Choose improvement ideas
(Matrix)
Select the most possible idea(s) with
maximal benefit and minimum cost
DELIVERABLES
Causes (what)
Create improvement plan based on Location (where)
5W2H formulas Improvement reasoning (why)
Selected solution (how)
Build commitment with team to Cost (how much)
execute the plan PIC & Executor (who)
Activities time (when)

TOOLS
Lawson Promotion
Selection Matrix
[5W2H]
Step 4. Develop Solution
& Action Plan (Example)
What Why Where When Who How How much Target

Seleksi &
Pasang keran Agar tidak ganti yg
anti karat cepat berkarat Kantor Pusat Mei GA 3 100%
bocor
bertahap

Mapping,
Setel & Monitor Agar terkendali Setel &
tutup keran Kantor Pusat GA Monitor 100%
April
keran

Pasang stiker Design, order


hemat air Agar sadar Kantor Pusat April GA & tempel 2 100%
stiker

Pasang water
Design, order
treament Untuk reuse Kantor Pusat Juni GA 10 100%
& Installment
HINTS
Beberapa Hal yang perlu diperhatikan :
1. Rootcause utama biasanya akan menghasilkan solusi yang besar Benefit / Impactnya
2. Benefit vs Cost dapat diganti Impact vs Effort
3. Batasan Solution Selection Matrix ditentukan oleh kita sendiri
4. Benefit, Cost, Impact dan Effort dapat saja diasumsikan, tetapi harus masuk logika
5. Penentuan titik solusi di SSM harus dilakukan
6. Solusi di area Strike out boleh dibuang
7. PIC = 1 orang
Step 5. Implement Solution

Build collective understanding

Calculate risk factor

Always use data

Be prepared for unavoidable situation

OBJECTIVES
Implement improvement ideas

Chinese Parade

DELIVERABLES
Improvement description
(evidence before and after condition)
Change
Step 5. Implement Solution Example
Solusi Hasil Problem Identification Corrective Action

Pasang keran anti Foto + 100%


karat (Rearrange)

Setel & Monitor tutup Draft SOP/WI &


keran (Rearrange) Kurang displin Teguran
Forms + 100%

Pasang stiker hemat


air(Rearrange) Stiker + 100%

Pasang water treament


(Rearrange) Foto + 100%

Eliminate : Penghilangan
Combine : Penggabungan
Re-Arrange : Penataan/penyusunan ulang
Simplify : Penyederhanaan
HINTS

Beberapa Hal yang perlu diperhatikan :


1. Hubungkan antara Solusi dengan Implementasi
2. Berikan contoh contoh foto
3. Bandingkan before vs after untuk solusi yang bersifat merubah
Step 6. Evaluate Result
This can be measured based on:

Quality
Cost
Delivery
Safety
Morale
Productivity
Environment
ACTIVITIES
Legal Check the improvement result
(before-after)

DELIVERABLES
Never Jump Before-after improvement
description
Step 6. Evaluate Result Example

Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Cost Reduction


Biaya PAM 480 (160*3) 437 (157+145+135) 43

Evaluasi:
Target 140, Actual 135 -> 3.7% diatas target sebelumnya
dengan cost reduction mencapai
HINTS
Beberapa Hal yang perlu diperhatikan :
1. Visualisasikan hasil sesederhana mungkin
2. Before vs After vs Target
3. Semakin banyak data After, semakin baik dan meyakinkan
4. Buatlah PICA bila timbul kendala atau target tak tercapai
5. Pastikan ada data dalam menentukan Benefit (QCDSMP)
6. Masukkan cara menghitung NQI
Step 7. Create Standardization
Working solution must be standardized to prevent recurrence
of similar problem(s):

To ensure we are not using the old method again.


To anticipate personel turn-over.

OBJECTIVES
Make standarization &
preventive plan

DELIVERABLES
New SOP or work instruction
Coke Jump
Step 7. Create Standardization
Example
Standarisasi keran anti karat

SOP/WI Setel & Monitor tutup keran

SOP/WI Maintenance Sticker

SOP/WI Maintenance water treatment

list to do
HINTS
Beberapa Hal yang perlu diperhatikan :
1. Pastikan bentuknya dapat menjamin improvement terus dilakukan, walau kita sudah
tidak mengawasi, atau sudah tidak ada disana
2. Bentuk lazim yang digunakan :
• Kesepakatan Bersama
• SOP
• Alur Proses Baru
• Guidelines
3. Pastikan Pimpinan / Management mendukung standarisasi ini, makin tinggi makin
baik
4. Pastikan mencakup seluruh improvement yang telah teruji hasilnya
5. Pastikan di tandatangani oleh pihak2 terkait
Step 8. Develop Next Plan

Make a plan, think of what you should do with existing problem.


Review what’s been done and what’s not been done yet.

OBJECTIVES
Think of your next plan

DELIVERABLES
Next theme

Football
Step 8. Develop Next Plan Example
Menurunkan Biaya Listrik

Step Jul Agt Sep Okt Nov Des

Menentukan Tema & Analisis Situasi x

Menetapkan Target x
Analisa Faktor & Menemukan Sumber Penyebab x

Mencari Ide- Ide Perbaikan x

Mengimplementasi Ide-Ide Perbaikan x

Evaluasi Hasil x
Standarisasi & Rencana Pencegahan x

Penetapan Rencana Berikut x

QC Leader: Andri
QC Member: Aan, Amat, & Alis
HINTS

Beberapa Hal yang perlu diperhatikan :


1. Pastikan alasan kuat untuk Next Plan
2. Aturan yang berlaku sama dengan penetuan tema
3. Biasanya Next Plan = Problem terbesar kedua
4. Next Plan dapat juga ditentukan dengan mengukur ulang pencapaian dan Gap
setelah Project
Q&A
THANK YOU

Innovation

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