The Solid State

SECTION - A

Straight Objective Type

This section contains multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) for its answer,
out of which ONLY ONE is correct.

1. In a hypothetical solid, C atoms are found to form cubical close packed lattice. A atoms occupy all tetrahedral
voids and B atoms occupy all octahedral voids.

A and B atoms are of appropriate size, so that there is no distortion in CCP lattice of C atoms. Now if a plane as
shown in the following figure is cut, then the cross section of this plane will look like :

C B
A
B
C C C C
B B
(A) (B)
B A
B B B B

C B C C C C

C A
B
C A
B
C C A
B
C B
C
(C) (D)
B B B B B B
A
B A
B A
B B

C C C C C C

2. What is the maximum number of layers of atoms in close packed planes that will lie within two imaginary parallel
2
planes having a distance between them of 13 R (Where R is the radius of atom) in the copper crystal (FCC)?
3
(Consider the atoms to be within the parallel planes if their centres are on or within the two parallel planes).

(A) 5 (B) 6

(C) 7 (D) 8

3. Analysis show that nickel oxide consist of nickel ion with 96% ions having d 8 configuration and 4% having d7
configuration. Which amongst the following best represents the formula of the oxide ?

(A) Ni1.02O1.00 (B) Ni0.96O1.00

(C) Ni0.98O0.98 (D) Ni0.98O1.00

4. In a solid, S2– irons are packed in fcc lattice. Zn2+ occupy half of the tetrahedral voids in an alternating arrange-
ment. Now if a plane is cut (as shown) then the cross-section would be :

Zn2+

S2–

(A) (B) (C) (D)

5. In a bcc-arrangement which of the marked planes have maximum packing efficiency

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

6. A lattice is defined as

(A) the amount of energy required, per mole, to separate the ions from their lattice positions to an infinite
distance in the gas phase

(B) the distance separating the cations and anions

(C) a set of all points with identical environments within the crystal

(D) the arrangement of electrons in various every levels

7. Which of the following is/are correct statement(s) about Fe3O4 crystal?

(A) Fe2+ ions occupy octahedral voids

(B) Fe3+ ions occupy tetrahedral voids only

(C) Fe3+ ions occupy octahedral as well as tetrahedral voids

(D) O2– ions are present at the corner as well as the centre of alternate faces

8. FexO (x < 1) is electrical conductor in solid state because

(A) it is an ionic solid (B) it has cationic vacancies

(C) it has anionic vacancies (D) it has Schottky defect

9. Sulphide of cobalt metal has a cubic structure with four formula units per unit cell. If density is 4.269 g/cc
and edge length of unit cell is 6.93Å, determine mass of sulphur required to produce 1.5 kg of this compound.
(Molecular weight of Co = 58.94 and S = 32 amu)

(A) 1 kg (B) 0.673 kg

(C) 0.827 kg (D) 0.94 kg

10. What fraction of the Ca atoms lies on the surface of a cubic crystal that is 1.0 cm in length, if the radius
of Ca atom is 96 pm and it crystallizes in Body Centered Cubic arrangement.

(A) 1.11 × 10–8 (B) 2 × 10–6

(C) 3 × 10–4 (D) 2 × 10–7

SECTION - B

Multiple Correct Answer Type

This section contains multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) for its answer,
out of which ONE OR MORE is/are correct.

11. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

(A) The lattice positions left vacant by anion and occupied by electrons are called F-centres

(B) The presence of F-centres make the lattice electrically neutral and diamagnetic

(C) The presence of F-centres give colour to the crystals

(D) F-centres contain unpaired electrons

12. Which of the following is/are correct with respect to zinc blende structure?

(A) Zn2+ ions are present at the corners and at the centres of each face.

(B) Only alternate tetrahedral holes are occupied by Zn2+ ions.

(C) The coordination number of Zn2+ and S2– is 4 each.

(D) The number of ZnS units in a unit cell is 4.

13. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

(A) In an anti-fluorite structure, anions form fcc lattice and the cations occupy all the tetrahedral voids.

(B) If the radius of cations and anions are 0.2 Å and 0.95 Å, then the coordination number of cation in the
crystal is 4.

(C) A cation is transferred from a lattice site to an interstitial position in Frenkel defect.

(D) Density of crystal always increases due to substitution (impurity) defect.

14. The correct statement/s is/are

(A) CsCl crystal likely to show Schottky defect.

(B) CsCl crystal likely to show Frenkel defect.

(C) Photosensitivity of AgBr is due to the presence of Frenkel defect in it.

(D) Crystals having F-centres are coloured and paramagnetic.

15. Which of the following statements are true regarding tetrahedral voids in fcc lattice?

(A) Tetrahedral voids formed by one corner spheres and three face centre spheres.

(B) Two tetrahedral voids can exist on one body diagonal line in fcc cubic.

(C) Tetrahedral voids are equal to number of spheres involved in body.

(D) Volume of tetrahedral voids are half of the octahedral voids.

16. The statement(s) that is/are true about NaCl crystal unit cell

(A) all Na+ ions are FCC packed in a typical unit cell

(B) the co-ordination number of Na+ and Cl – are 6:6 respectively

(C) all Cl – ions are FCC packed in a typical unit cell

(D) the unit cell formula is Na4Cl4

17. Which of the following statement/s is/are not correct for a close-packed structure?

(A) Each octahedral void is surrounded by six spheres and each sphere is surrounded by six octahedral voids.

(B) Each octahedral void is surrounded by six spheres and each sphere is surrounded by three octahedral
voids.

(C) Each octahedral void is surrounded by two spheres and each sphere is surrounded by eight voids.

(D) Each tetrahedral void is surrounded by eight spheres and each sphere is surrounded by eight voids.

18. Which statement is/are true about extrinsic conductor ?

(A) Addition of phosphorus as impurities in silicon makes n type semi conductor

(B) Addition of Al as impurities in silicon makes p type semi conductor

(C) In n-type semi conductor charge is carried by the hole

(D) In p-type semi conductor charge is carried by the electron

19. If radius of anion is 0.20 nm, the maximum radius of cations which can be filled in respective voids are
correctly matched in :

(A) r+ = 0.0828 nm for tetrahedral void (B) r+ = 0.45 nm triangular void

(C) r+ = 0.1464 nm for octahedral void (D) None of the above

20. The h.c.p. and c.c.p. structures for a given crystal system of equal-sized spheres are expected to have

(A) the same volume

(B) the same number of particles within the given unit cell

(C) the same ratio, 0.74, of the total sphere volume to the unit-cell volume

(D) all of the above

21. Crystal systems in which no two axial lengths are equal are :

(A) tetragonal (B) orthorhombic

(C) monoclinic (D) triclinic

22. The density of KBr is 2.75 g/cm 3. The length of the unit cell is 654 pm. Atomic mass of K = 39, Br = 80. Then what
is true about the predicted nature of the solid?

(A) It has 4 K+ and 4 Br– ions per unit cell (B) It is face centred

(C) It has rock salt type structure (D) It can have schottky defects

23. Which of the following statements are correct?

(A) The coordination number of each type of ion in CsCl crystal is 8.

(B) A metal that crystallizes in bcc structure has coordination number of 12.

(C) A unit cell of an ionic crystal shares some of its ions with other unit cells.

(D) The length of the unit cell in NaCl is 522 pm (rNa+ = 95 pm, rCl–= 181 pm)

SECTION - C

Linked Comprehension Type

This section contains paragraphs. Based upon this paragraph, some multiple choice questions have to be answered.
Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) for its answer, out of which ONE OR MORE is/are correct.

Paragraph for Question Nos. 24 to 27

Calcium crystallizes in a cubic unit cell with density 3.2g/cc. Edge-length of the unit cell is
437 picometre (pm)

24. The type of unit cell is

(A) Simple cubic (B) BCC (C) FCC (D) Edge-centred

25. The nearest neighbour distance is

(A) 154.5 pm (B) 309 pm (C) 218.5 pm (D) 260 pm

26. The number of nearest neighbours of a Ca atom is

(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 12

27. If the metal is melted, density of the molten metal was found to be 3 g/cc. What will be the approx percentage
of empty space in the melt?

(A) 31% (B) 36% (C) 28% (D) 49%

Paragraph for Question Nos. 28 to 30

Tin metal exists in two allotropic forms  & -Sn crystallises with a simple tetragonal unit cell having cell
dimensions a = b = 0.302 nm and c = 0.318 nm. (Sn = 120)

28. How many atoms are there per unit cell in the - form ?

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6

29. What is the density of -Sn ?

(A) 6.87 g/cm3 (B) 7.23 g/cm3 (C) 6.19 g/cm3 (D) 6.68 g/cm3

30. What is the molar volume ?

(A) 16.60 mL (B) 17.47 mL (C) 19.39 mL (D) 120 mL

 Paragraph for Question Nos. 31 to 34

8
In the hexagonal close-packed lattice, the height of the unit cell can be given by c = a , where a is the
3
edge-length of the base unit. There is an atom at each corner of the unit cell and another atom which can
be located by moving one-third the distance along the diagonal of the rhombus base, starting at the lower
left-hand corner and moving perpendicular upward c/2. Mg crystallises in this lattice and has a density of
1.74 g/cm3.

31. What is the voume of the unit cell ?

(A) 4.64 × 10–23 cm3 (B) 1.37 × 10–22 cm3 (C) 2.784 × 10–22 cm3 (D) 9.28 × 10–23 cm3

32. What is a ?

(A) 6.4 Å (B) 3.2 Å (C) 1.6 Å (D) 2.13 Å

33. What is the distance between nearest neighbours ?

(A) 6.4 Å (B) 3.2 Å (C) 1.6 Å (D) 2.13 Å

34. How many nearest neighbours does each atom have ?

(A) 6 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 3

Paragraph for Question Nos. 35 to 38

Silicon carbide (SiC) and diamond are covalent solids which crystallise in cubic structures. In SiC, carbon
atoms occupy lattice points of the fcc lattice and silicon atoms occupy half of the tetrahedral voids available.
In diamond, the same tetrahedral voids are occupied by carbon atoms. The densities of SiC and diamond
are 3.2 and 3.6 gm/cm 3, respectively. (Si = 28)

35. The radius of carbon atom is

(A) 0.76 Å (B) 1.12 Å (C) 3.2 Å (D) 3.6 Å

36. The radius of silicon atom is

(A) 0.76 Å (B) 1.12 Å (C) 3.2 Å (D) 3.6 Å

37. Which of the following will not change the density of solid SiC ?

(A) Substitution of some Si-atoms by some C-atoms

(B) Schottky defect

(C) Interchange of position of Si and C-atoms

(D) Decrease in temperature of solid

38. If the similar volume of SiC and diamond are considered, which of the following is the true statement ?

(A) The number of Si-atoms in SiC is 3.75 times the number of C-atoms in diamond

(B) The number of C-atoms in diamond is 3.75 times the number of Si-atoms in SiC

(C) The number of SiC formula units is 3.75 times the number of C-atoms in diamond

(D) The number of C-atoms in diamond is 3.75 times the number of SiC formula units
 SECTION-D

Matrix-Match Type

This Section D have “match the following” type question. Question contains two columns, Col-I and Col-II. Match the
entries in Col-I with the entries in Col-II. One or more entries in Col-I may match with one or more entries in Col-II.

39. Match the column:

Column I Column II

(distance in terms of edge

length of cubic unit cell, a)

(A) 0.866 a (p) Shortest distance between cations and anions in

CsCl structure

(B) 0.707 a (q) Shortest distance between two cations in CaF2

structure

(C) 0.433 a (r) Shortest distance between carbon atoms in

diamond

(s) Shortest distance between two cations in rock salt

structure

40. Match the column:

Column I Column II

(A) Rock salt structure (p) Coordination number of cation is 4

(B) Zinc blende structure (q) 0.433 a = r+ +r–

(C) Fluorite structure (r) Coordination number of cation and anion are same

(s) Distance between two nearest anion is 0.707 a

41. Match the column:

Column I Column II

(A) Rock salt (p) Fraction of voids occupied = 1/3

(B) Zinc blende (q) Anions constitute lattice

(C) Anti-fluorite (r) Cations in tetrahedral voids

(D) CsCl type (s) Coordination number of cation and anion is same

SECTION-E

Integer Answer Type

This section contains Integer type questions. The answer to each of the questions is a single digit integer, ranging
from 0 to 9. The appropriate bubbles below the respective question numbers in the ORS have to be darkened. For
example, if the correct answers to question numbers X, Y and Z(say) are 6, 0 and 9, respectively, then the correct
darkening of bubbles will look like the following :
 X Y Z
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9

42. A solid crystal is composed of X, Y and Z atoms. Y atoms are occupying 50% of octahedral voids, whereas X
atoms are occupying the 100% tetrahedral void where as Z atoms in ccp arrangement. Then the number of Y
atoms present per unit cell is
43. Potassium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice, with a unit cell length a = 5.20 Å: What is the ratio of
number of third nearest neighbours to the number of second nearest neighbours ?
44. In a cubic unit cell atom ‘A’ occupies the corners and centre, atom ‘B’ occupies the face centres, and atom
‘C’ occupies the edge centres. If all the atoms on a plane parallel to the base and containing the body centre
are removed, calculate the total number of atoms (X), present in the unit cell. What is the value of (X/4)?
45. A compound alloy of gold and copper crystallises in a cubic lattice in which gold atoms occupy the lattice
points at the corners of each cube and copper atoms occupy the centres of each cubic faces. Find the number
of total atoms per unit cell.
46. Ice crystallizes in a hexagonal lattice having volume of the unit cell as 132 × 10–24 cm3. If density is 0.92 g
cm – 3 at a given temperature, then find the number of H2O molecules per unit cell.
+ – + –
47. Edge length of M X (fcc structure) is 7.2 Å. Assuming M X contact along the cell edge, find the radius
–

of X ion in Å. rm  1.6Å 
48. A compound AB has a rock salt type structure with A : B = 4 : 4. The formula weight of AB is 6.023 Y amu
and closest A – B distance is Y1/3 nm, find the density of lattice in kg m–3.

SECTION - F
Reasoning Type
This section contains reasoning type questions. Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of which
ONLY ONE is correct.
49. STATEMENT-1: There is no crystal system in which five fold rotational axis is present.
and
STATEMENT-2: Crystal system only has n-fold rotation of symmetry where n is even.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False
(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True
50. STATEMENT-1: Octahedral voids are located midway between the two closest packed layers.

and

STATEMENT-2: In a closest packed structure, the number of octahedral voids is equal to the number of atoms
present.

(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for STATEMENT-1

(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1

(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False

(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True

51. STATEMENT-1: In a closest packed structure, the number of tetrahedral voids is twice the number of atoms
present.

and

STATEMENT-2: Tetrahedral voids are smaller than octahedral voids.

(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for STATEMENT-1

(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1

(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False

(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True

52. STATEMENT-1: Atomic solids having a particular type of unit cells have fixed density irrespective of the nature
of atoms.

and
STATEMENT-2: Atomic solids crystallizing in a particular type of unit cells have a fixed value of packing fraction
irrespective of the nature of atoms.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False
(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True
53. STATEMENT-1: KCl is more likely to show Schottky defect while LiI is more likely to show Frenkel defect.

and

STATEMENT-2: Schottky defect is more likely in ionic solids in which cations and anions are of comparable
size while Frenkel defect is more likely in ionic solids in which cations and anions have large differences in
their ionic sizes.

(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for STATEMENT-1

(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1

(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False

(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True

54. STATEMENT-1: Increasing temperature increases the density of point defects.

and

STATEMENT-2: The process of formation of point defects in solids is endothermic and has S > 0.

(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for STATEMENT-1

(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1

(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False

(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True

55. STATEMENT-1: Distance between nearest neighbours in bcc is greater than that in fcc.

and

STATEMENT-2: fcc has greater packing efficiency than bcc.

(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for STATEMENT-1

(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1

(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False

(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True

Answers
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (C)

7. (A,C) 8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (A) 11. (A,C,D) 12. (B,C,D)

13. (A,C) 14. (A,C,D) 15. (A,B) 16. (A,B,C,D) 17. (B,C,D) 18. (A,B)

19. (A,C) 20. (C) 21. (B,C,D) 22. (A,B,C,D) 23. (A,C) 24. (C)

25. (B) 26. (D) 27. (A) 28. (A) 29. (A) 30. (B)

31. (B) 32. (B) 33. (B) 34. (C) 35. (A) 36. (B)

37. (C) 38. (D) 39. (A-p,B-q,s,C-r) 40. (A-r,s,B-p,q,r,s,C-q)

41. (A-p,q,s,B-p,q,r,s,C-q,r,D-q,s) 42. (2) 43. (2) 44. (1) 45. (4)

46. (4) 47. (2) 48. (5) 49. (C) 50.(B) 51. (B)

52. (D) 53. (A) 54. (A) 55. (B)