Model Question Paper: Branch: Electronics and Telecommunication / E&C Engineering

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER

Elective-II

Digital Image Processing (188142/238142)

Branch: Electronics and Telecommunication / E&C engineering.

Q1. A continuous image is digitised at _______ points.

A random

B vertex

C contour

D sampling

Ans.: D

Q2. What is the tool used in tasks such as zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.?

A Sampling

B Interpolation

C Filters

D None of the Mentioned

Ans.: B

Q3. Quantitatively, spatial resolution cannot be represented in which of the


following ways

A line pairs

B pixels

C dots

D none of the Mentioned

Ans.: D
Q4. The most familiar single sensor used for Image Acquisition is

A Microdensitometer
B Photodiode
C CMOS

D None of the Mentioned

Ans.: B

Q5 The difference is intensity between the highest and the lowest intensity
levels in an image is ___________

A Noise

B Saturation

C Contrast

D Brightness

Ans.: C

Q6. The spatial coordinates of a digital image (x,y) are proportional to:

A Position

B Brightness

C Contrast

D Noise

Ans.: B

Q7. Among the following image processing techniques which is fast, precise
and flexible.

A Optical

B Digital

C Electronic
D Photographic

Ans.: B

Q8. An image is considered to be a function of a(x,y), where a represents:

A Height of image

B Width of image

C Amplitude of image

D Resolution of image

Ans.: C

Q9. What is pixel?

A Pixel is the elements of a digital image

B Pixel is the elements of an analog image

C Pixel is the cluster of a digital image

D Pixel is the cluster of an analog image

Ans.: A

Q10. The range of values spanned by the gray scale is called:

A Dynamic range

B Band range

C Peak range

D Resolution range

Ans.: A

Q11. Which is a colour attribute that describes a pure colour?

A Saturation

B Hue
C Brightness

D Intensity

Ans.: B

Q12. Which means the assigning meaning to a recognized object.

A Interpretation

B Recognition

C Acquisition

D Segmentation

Ans.: A

Q13. What is the expanded form of JPEG?

A Joint Photographic Expansion Group

B Joint Photographic Experts Group

C Joint Photographs Expansion Group

D Joint Photographic Expanded Group

Ans.: B

Q14. The principal factor to determine the spatial resolution of an image is


_______

A Quantization

B Sampling

C Contrast

D Dynamic range

Ans.: B

Q15. How aliasing does corrupt the sampled image?

A By introducing additional frequency components to the sampled function


B By removing some frequency components from the sampled function

C All of the mentioned

D None of the mentioned

Ans.: A

Q16. How can one reduce the aliasing effect on an image?

A By reducing the high-frequency components of image by blurring the image

B By increasing the high-frequency components of image by blurring the


image

C By reducing the high-frequency components of image by clarifying the image

D By increasing the high-frequency components of image by clarifying the


image

Ans.: A

Q17. For pixels p(x, y), q(s, t), the city-block distance between p and q is
defined as:

A D(p, q) = [(x – s)2 + (y – t)2]1/2

B D(p, q) = |x – s| + |y – t|

C D(p, q) = max (|x – s| + |y – t|)

D None of the mentioned

Ans.: B

Q18. The domain that refers to image plane itself and the domain that refers
to Fourier transform of an image is/are :

A Spatial domain in both

B Frequency domain in both

C Spatial domain and Frequency domain respectively

D Frequency domain and Spatial domain respectively


Ans.:

Q19. Using gray-level transformation, the basic function Logarithmic deals with
which of the following transformation?

A Log and inverse-log transformations

B Negative and identity transformations

C nth and nth root transformations

D All of the mentioned

Ans.: A

Q20. If r be the gray-level of image before processing and s after processing


then which expression defines the negative transformation, for the gray-level
in the range [0, L-1]?

As=L–1–r

B s = crᵞ, c and ᵞ are positive constants

C s = c log (1 + r), c is a constant and r ≥ 0

D none of the mentioned

Ans.: A

Q21. Which of the following transformations expands the value of dark pixels
while the higher-level values are being compressed?

A Log transformations
B Inverse-log transformations
C Negative transformations
D None of the mentioned

Ans.: A

Q22. What is gamma correction?

A A process to remove power-law transformation response phenomena


B A process to remove log transformation response phenomena
C A process to correct log transformation response phenomena
D A process to correct power-law transformation response phenomena

Ans.: D

Q23. What is the sum of all components of a normalized histogram?

A 1
B -1
C 0
D None of the mentioned

Ans.: A

Q24. Smoothing filter is used for which of the following work(s)?

A Blurring
B Noise reduction
C All of the mentioned
D None of the mentioned

Ans.: C

Q25. Which of the following filter(s) results in a value as average of pixels in


the
neighborhood of filter mask.

A Smoothing linear spatial filter


B Averaging filter
C Lowpass filter
D All of the mentioned

Ans.: D

Q26. A spatial averaging filter having all the coefficients equal is termed
_________

A A box filter
B A weighted average filter
C A standard average filter
D A median filter

Ans.: A

Q27. An image contains noise having appearance as black and white dots
superimposed on the image. Which of the following noise(s) has the same
appearance?

A Salt-and-pepper noise
B Gaussian noise
C All of the mentioned
D None of the mentioned

Ans.: C

Q28. Which filter(s) used to find the brightest point in the image?

A Median filter
B Max filter
C Mean filter
D All of the mentioned

Ans.: B

Q29. In linear spatial filtering, what is the pixel of the image under mask
corresponding to the mask coefficient w (1, -1), assuming a 3*3 mask?

A f (x, -y)
B f (x + 1, y)
C f (x, y – 1)
D f (x + 1, y – 1)
Ans.: D

Q30. The function of filters in Image sharpening in frequency domain is to


perform reverse operation of which of the following Low pass filter?

A Gaussian Lowpass filter


B Butterworth Lowpass filter
C Ideal Lowpass filter
D None of the Mentioned

Ans.: C

Q31. Which of the following statement(s) is true for the given fact that
“Applying High pass filters has an effect on the background of the output
image”?
A The average background intensity increases to near white of black and white
B The average background intensity reduces to near black
C The average background intensity changes to a value average
D All of the mentioned
Ans.: B

Q32. Of the following, _________ has the maximum frequency.

A UV Rays
B Gamma Rays
C Microwaves
D Radio Waves

Ans.: B

Q33. How is radiance measured?

A lumens
B watts
C armstrong
D hertz

Ans.: B

Q34. Which of the following is used for chest and dental scans?

A Hard X-Rays

B Soft X-Rays

C Radio waves

D Infrared Rays

Ans.: B

Q35. Wavelength and frequency are related as : (c = speed of light)

A c = wavelength / frequency

B frequency = wavelength / c

C wavelength = c * frequency

D c = wavelength * frequency

Ans.: C

Q36. Which of the following is/are more commercially successful image


enhancement method in mask mode radiography, an area under medical
imaging?
A Addition
B Subtraction
C Multiplication
D Division

Ans.: B

Q37. A First derivative in image processing is implemented using which of the


following given operator(s)?
A Magnitude of Gradient vector
B The Laplacian
C All of the mentioned
D None of the mentioned

Ans.: A

Q38. Compressed image can be recovered back by

A image enhancement
B image decompression
C image contrast
D image equalization

Ans.: B

Q39. Coding redundancy works on

A pixels

B matrix

C intensity

D coordinates

Ans.: C

Q40. Every run length pair introduce new

A pixels

B matrix

C frames

D intensity

Ans.: D
Q41. Logic operations between two or more images are performed on pixel-
by-pixel basis, except for one that is performed on a single image. Which one

A AND
B OR
C NOT
D None of the mentioned
Ans.: C

Q42. How many bit RGB color image is represented by full-color image?

A 32-bit RGB color image


B 24-bit RGB color image
C 16-bit RGB color image
D 8-bit RGB color image

Ans.: B

Q43. Which file types use Lossless compression?

A JPEG
B GIF
C BMP
D PNG

Ans.: B,D

Q44. Makes the file smaller by deleting parts of the file permanently (forever)

A Lossy Compression
B Lossless Compression

Ans.: A

Q45. What would you use compression for?

A Making an image file smaller


B Modifying an image

Ans.: A

Q46. Which of these is an advantage for Lossy compression?

A The file size becomes significantly (much) smaller


B The file size does not become much smaller than 50%
C none of the above

Ans.: A

Q47. For line detection we use mask that is

A Gaussian
B laplacian
C ideal
D butterworth

Ans.: B

Q48. A typical Fourier Spectrum with spectrum value ranging from 0 to 106,
which of the following transformation is better to apply.

A nonzero
B zero
C positive
D negative

Ans.: B

Q49. For edge detection we observes

A intensity transition
B shape transition
C color transition
D sign transition
Ans.: D

Q50. Thresholding is the example of

A discontinuity
B similarity
C continuity
D recognition

Ans.: A

Q51. Imaging in geological exploration, industry and medicine uses

A audio
B sound
C sunlight
D ultraviolet

Ans.: B

Q52. Which waves can penetrate through clouds

A ultrasonic
B radar
C visible and infrared
D Infrared
Ans.: B

Q53. Imaging system produces

A high resolution image


B voltage signal
C digitized image
D analog signal

Ans.: C
Q54. The digitization process i.e. the digital image has M rows and N columns,
requires decisions about values for M, N, and for the number, L, of gray levels
allowed for each pixel. The value M and N have to be:

A M and N have to be positive integer


B M and N have to be negative integer
C M have to be negative and N have to be positive integer

D M have to be positive and N have to be negative integer

Ans.: A

Q55. After digitization process a digital image with M rows and N columns
have to be positive and for the number, L, max gray levels i.e. an integer
power of 2 for each pixel. Then, the number b, of bits required to store a
digitized image is:

A b=M*N*k
B b=M*N*L
C b=M*L*k
D b=L*N*k

Ans.: A

Q56. In _______ image we notice that the components of histogram are


concentrated on the low side on intensity scale.

A bright
B dark
C colourful
D All of the Mentioned

Ans.: B

Q57. Histogram Equalization is mainly used for ________________

A Image enhancement
B Blurring
C Contrast adjustment
D None of the Mentioned

Ans.: A

Q58. Which type of Histogram Processing is suited for minute detailed


enhancements?

A Intensive
B Local
C Global
D Random

Ans.: A

Q59. Which type of Histogram Processing is suited for minute detailed


enhancements?

A Intensive

B Local

C Global

D Random

Ans.: B

Q60. The characteristics of the low pass filter h(x, y) is/are_________

A Has a dominant component at origin

B Has concentric, circular components about the centre component

C All of the mentioned

D None of the mentioned

Ans.: C
Model Question Paper
Subject :Digital Image Processing

Branch: E&TC

Class: BE

Semester:VIII

1)Intensity levels in 8-bit image are

A)128

B)255

C)256

D)512

Ans:C

2) In image accentuating a specific range is called

A) Slicing

B) Color Slicing

C) Enhancing

D) Cutting

Ans:B

3) A type of Image is called as VHRR image. What is the definition of VHRR image?

A) Very High Range Resolution image

B) Very High Resolution Range image

C) Very High Resolution Radiometer image

D) Very High Range Radiometer Image

Ans:C

4) Low pass filtering can be applied in following areas

A) The field of machine perception, with application of character recognition

B) In field of printing and publishing industry

C)In field of processing satellite and aerial images

D)All of the mentioned

Ans:D

5)Black Color is represented by


A) 0

B)255

C)256

D)1

Ans:A

6) The Image sharpening in frequency domain can be achieved by which of the following method(s)?

A) Attenuating the high frequency components

B) Attenuating the low-frequency components

C) All of the mentioned

D) None of the mentioned

Ans:B

7) The function of filters in Image sharpening in frequency domain is to perform reverse operation of
which of the following Lowpass filter?

A) Gaussian Lowpass filter

B) Butterworth Lowpass filter

C) Ideal Lowpass filter

D) None

Ans:C

8) The edges and other abrupt changes in gray-level of an image are associated with_________

A) High frequency components

B) Low frequency components

C) Edges with high frequency and other abrupt changes in gray-level with low frequency components

D) Edges with low frequency and other abrupt changes in gray-level with high frequency components

Ans:A

9)Gradient computation equation is

A) |Gx|+|Gy|

B) |Gx|-|Gy|

C) |Gx|/|Gy|

D) |Gx|x|Gy|

Ans:A
10) Which of the following statement(s) is true for the given fact that “Applying Highpass filters has an
effect on the background of the output image”?

A) The average background intensity increases to near white

B) The average background intensity reduces to near black

C) The average background intensity changes to a value average of black and white

D) All of the mentioned

Ans:B

11)Gaussian noise is referred to as

A) Red Noise

B) White Noise

C) Black Noise

D) Normal Noise

Ans:D

12)Convolution in spatial domain is multiplication in

A) Frequency

B) Time

C) Spatial

D) Plane

Ans:A

13) In medicine radio waves are used in

A) MRI

B) surgery

C) CT scan

D) Injections

Ans:A
14 Which one is not the process of image processing

A) high level

B) low level

C) last level

D) Mid level

Ans:C

15) Filters that replaces pixel value with medians of intensity levels is

A) Arithematic mean Filter

B) Geometric mean Filter

C) Median Filter

D) Sequence Mean Filter

Ans:C

16)The spatial coordinates of a digital image (x,y) are proportional to

A) Position

B) Brightness

C) Contrast

D) Saturation

Ans:B

17)Among the following image processing techniques which is fast, precise and flexible

A) Optical

B) Digital

C) Electronic

D) Photographic

Ans:B

18)An image is considered to be a function of a(x,y), where a represents

A) Height of image

B) Width of image

C) Amplitude of image

D) Resolution of image

Ans:C
19)The range of values spanned by the gray scale is called

A) Dynamic range

B) Band range

C) Peak range

D) Resolution range

Ans:A

20) Which is a colour attribute that describes a pure colour?

A) Saturation

B) Hue

C) Brightness

D) Intensity

Ans:B

21) Which one is not the area of digital image processing

A) law enforcement

B) lithography

C) medicine

D) voice calling

Ans:D

22)Which means the assigning meaning to a recognized object

A) Interpretation

B) Recognition

C) Acquisition

D) Segmentation

Ans:A

23)A typical size comparable in quality to monochromatic TV image is of size

A) 256 X 256

B) 512 X 512

C) 1920 X 1080

D) 1080 X 1080

Ans:B
24)The number of gray values are integer powers of

A) 4

B)2

C)8

D)1

Ans:B

25)What is the first and foremost step in Image Processing?

A) Image restoration

B) Image enhancement

C) Image acquisition

D) Segmentation

Ans:C

26)In which step of processing, the images are subdivided successively into smaller regions?

A) Image enhancement

B) Image acquisition

C) Segmentation

D) wavelet

Ans:D

27)What is the next step in image processing after compression?

A) Wavelets

B) Representation and description

C) Segmentation

D) Morphological processing

Ans:D

28) What is the step that is performed before color image processing in image processing?

A) Wavelets and multi resolution processing

B) Image enhancement

C) Image acquisition

D) Image restoration

Ans:D
29)How many number of steps are involved in image processing?

A) 10

B) 11

C) 9

D) 12

Ans:A

30)What is the expanded form of JPEG?

A) Joint Photographic Expansion Group

B) Joint Photographic Experts Group

C) Joint Photographic Expanded Group

D) Joint Photographs Expansion Group

Ans:B

31)Which of the following step deals with tools for extracting image components those are useful in
the representation and description of shape?

A) Representation & description

B) Segmentation

C) Compression

D) Morphological processing

Ans:D

32)In which step of the processing, assigning a label (e.g., “vehicle”) to an object based on its
descriptors is done?

A) Object recognition

B) Morphological processing

C) Representation & description

D) Segmentation

Ans:A

33)What role does the segmentation play in image processing?

A) Deals with extracting attributes that result in some quantitative information of interest

B) Deals with techniques for reducing the storage required saving an image, or the bandwidth
required transmitting it

C) Deals with property in which images are subdivided successively into smaller regions
D) Deals with partitioning an image into its constituent parts or objects

Ans:D

34)What is the correct sequence of steps in image processing?

A) Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing-


>Compression->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Morphological processing-
>Segmentation->Representation & description->Object recognition

B) Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing->Wavelets


and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological processing->Segmentation-
>Representation & description->Object recognition

C) Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Color image processing->Image restoration->Wavelets


and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological processing->Segmentation-
>Representation & description->Object recognition

D) Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing->Wavelets


and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological processing->Representation &
description->Segmentation->Object recognition

Ans:B

35) A structured light illumination technique was used for lens deformation

A) lens deformation

B) inverse filtering

C) lens enhancement

D)lens error

Ans:A

36) Tomography is the algorithm that uses images

A) edges

B) slices

C) boundaries

D) illumination

Ans:B
37) Major use of gamma rays imaging includes

A) Radars

B) astronomical observations

C) industry

D) lithography

Ans:B

38) Angiography uses what technique

A) Image addition

B) Image Multiplication

C) Image division

D) None

Ans:B

39)What is the sum of the coefficient of the mask defined using HPF?

A) 1

B) -1

C) 0

D) None of the mentioned

Ans:C

40)Which is not an example of image processing

A ) thumb prints

B) paper currency

C)mp3

D)lisence plate detection

Ans:C

41) An image is a two dimensional function where x and y are

A) spatial coordinates

B) frequency coordinates

C)time coordinates

D) real coordinates

Ans:A
42) Lithography uses

A) ultraviolet

B) x-rays

C)gamma

D) visible rays

Ans:A

43) Image subtraction is used for

A)color enhancement

B) Frequency enhancement

C)Spatial enhancement

D)Detection

Ans:D

44) Sensor strip mounted in a ring configuration is used in

A) microscopy

B) medical

C) industry

D) radar

Ans:B

45)1024 x 1024 image has resolution of

A) 1048576

B) 1148576

C) 1248576

D) 1348576

Ans:A
46)The lens is made up of concentric layers of

A) strong cells

B) inner cells

C) fibrous cells

D) outer cells

Ans:C

47)Radio wave band encompasses

A) audio

B) AM

C) FM

D) Both b and c

Ans:D

48)L = 23 would have

A) 2 levels

B) 4levels

C) 8 levels

D) 16 levels

Ans:C

49)Digital images are displayed as a discrete set if

A) values

B) numbers

C) frequencies

D) intensities

Ans:D

50)In MxN, M is no of

A) intensity levels

B) colors

C) rows

D) columns

Ans:C
51) Each element of the matrix is called

A) dots

B) coordinate

C) pixels

D) value

Ans:C

52)Imaging system produces

A) high resolution image

B) low resolution image

C) digitized image

D) analog signal

Ans:C

53)Digitizing the coordinate values is called

A) radiance

B) variance

C) sampling

D) quantization

Ans:C

54) The smallest element of an image is called

A) pel

B) dot

C) resolution

D) digits

Ans:A

55)Types of imaging sensors are


A) two

B) three

C) four

D) five

Ans:B

56)E = hv in this expression, h is called

A) speed of light

B) light constant

C) plank's constant

D) acceleration constant

Ans:C

57)DPI stands for

A) dots per image

B) dots per inches

C) dots per intensity

D) diameter per inches

Ans:B

58)No of bits to store image is denoted by the formula

A) b = NxK

B) b = MxN

C) b = MxNxK

D) b = MxK

Ans: C

59) MRI in imaging stands for

A) magnetic resonance imaging

B) magnetic resistance imaging

C) magnetic resonance intensity

D) major resonance imaging

Ans:A

60)Digitizing the amplitude values is called


A) radiance

B) illuminance

C) sampling

D) quantization

Ans:D
Model Question Paper
Subject: Digital Image Processing Branch:E&TC

Class:BE Semester:VIII

1. What is the third step in digital image processing?

(A) Image Restoration

(B) Segmentation

(C) Image Enhancement

(D) Colour Image Processing

Ans: a

2. Digitizing the coordinate values of a continuous image is called

(A) Compression

(B) Quantization

(C) Sampling

(D) Segmentation

Ans: c

3. _____ is the total amount of energy that flows from light source.

(A) Radiance

(B) Darkness

(C) Brightness

(D) Luminance

Ans: a

4.Lossy compression is useful in


(A) Military imaging

(B) Space imaging

(C) Medical imaging

(D) Television broad casting

Ans: d

5. A continuous image is digitised at _______ points.


a) random
b) vertex
c) contour
d) sampling

Ans: d

6.The transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is
called ______________
a) Quantisation
b) Sampling
c) Rasterisation
d) None of the Mentioned

Ans:a

7. Images quantised with insufficient brightness levels will lead to the occurrence of
____________
a) Pixillation
b) Blurring
c) False Contours

d)none of the above

Ans:c
8.The smallest discernible change in intensity level is called ____________
a) Intensity Resolution
b) Contour
c) Saturation
d) Contrast

Ans:a

9. What is the tool used in tasks such as zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.?
a) Sampling
b) Interpolation
c) Filters

d)none of the above

Ans:b

10. The type of Interpolation where for each new location the intensity of the immediate pixel
is assigned is ___________
a) bicubic interpolation
b) cubic interpolation
c) bilinear interpolation
d) nearest neighbour interpolation

Ans:d

11. The type of Interpolation where the intensity of the FOUR neighbouring pixels is used to
obtain intensity a new location is called __________

a) Cubic interpolation
b) nearest neighbour interpolation
c) bilinear interpolation
d) bicubic interpolation

Ans: b

12. Dynamic range of imaging system is a ratio where the upper limit is determined by
a)Saturation
b) Noise
c) Brightness
d) Contrast
Ans:a

13. For Dynamic range ratio the lower limit is determined by


a) Saturation
b) Brightness
c) Noise

d) Contrast

Ans:c

14. Quantitatively, spatial resolution cannot be represented in which of the following ways
a) line pairs
b) pixels
c) dots
d) none of the Mentioned

Ans:d

15.A geometry consisting of in-line arrangement of sensors for image acquisition


a) A photodiode
b) Sensor strips
c) Sensor arrays
d) CMOS

Ans:b

16. The process of using known data to estimate values at unknown locations is called
a) Acquisition
b) Interpolation
c) Pixelation
d) None of the Mentioned

Ans:b

17. What is the first and foremost step in Image Processing?


a) Image restoration
b) Image enhancement
c) Image acquisition
d) Segmentation

Ans:c

18. In which step of processing, the images are subdivided successively into smaller regions?
a) Image enhancement
b) Image acquisition
c) Segmentation
d) Wavelets

Ans:c

19. How many number of steps are involved in image processing?


a) 10
b) 9
c) 11
d) 12

Ans:a

20. What is the expanded form of JPEG?


a) Joint Photographic Expansion Group
b) Joint Photographic Experts Group
c) Joint Photographs Expansion Group
d) Joint Photographic Expanded Group

Ans:b
21.The principal factor to determine the spatial resolution of an image is _______
a) Quantization
b) Sampling
c) Contrast
d) Dynamic range

Ans:b

22. What causes the effect, imperceptible set of very fine ridge like structures in areas of
smooth gray levels?
a) Caused by the use of an insufficient number of gray levels in smooth areas of a digital
image
b) Caused by the use of huge number of gray levels in smooth areas of a digital image
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Ans:a

23. What is the name of the effect caused by the use of an insufficient number of gray levels
in smooth areas of a digital image?
a) Dynamic range
b) Ridging
c) Graininess
d) False contouring

Ans:d

24. Using rough rule of thumb, and assuming powers of 2 for convenience, what image size
are about the smallest images that can be expected to be reasonably free of objectionable
sampling checkerboards and false contouring?
a) 512*512pixels and 16 gray levels
b) 256*256pixels and 64 gray levels
c) 64*64pixels and 16 gray levels
d) 32*32pixels and 32 gray levels

Ans:b
25. What does a shift up and right in the curves of isopreference curve simply means? Verify
in terms of N (number of pixels) and k (L=2k, L is the gray level) values.
a) Smaller values for N and k, implies a better picture quality
b) Larger values for N and k, implies low picture quality
c) Larger values for N and k, implies better picture quality
d) Smaller values for N and k, implies low picture quality

Ans:c

26. How does the curves behave to the detail in the image in isopreference curve?
a) Curves tend to become more vertical as the detail in the image decreases
b) Curves tend to become less vertical as the detail in the image increases
c) Curves tend to become less vertical as the detail in the image decreases
d) Curves tend to become more vertical as the detail in the image increases

Ans:d

27. For an image with a large amount of detail, if the value of N (number of pixels) is fixed
then what is the gray level dependency in the perceived quality of this type of image?
a) Totally independent of the number of gray levels used
b) Nearly independent of the number of gray levels used
c) Highly dependent of the number of gray levels used
d) None of the mentioned

Ans:b

28. What is a band-limited function?


a) A function of limited duration whose highest frequency is finite
b) A function of limited duration whose highest frequency is infinite
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Ans:a
29. For a band-limited function, which Theorem says that “if the function is sampled at a rate
equal to or greater than twice its highest frequency, the original function can be recovered
from its samples”?
a) Band-limitation theorem
b) Aliasing frequency theorem
c) Shannon sampling theorem
d) None of the mentioned
Ans:c

30. What is the name of the phenomenon that corrupts the sampled image, and how does it
happen?
a) Shannon sampling, if the band-limited functions are undersampled
b) Shannon sampling, if the band-limited functions are oversampled
c) Aliasing, if the band-limited functions are undersampled
d) Aliasing, if the band-limited functions are oversampled

Ans:c

31. How aliasing does corrupts the sampled image?


a) By introducing additional frequency components to the sampled function
b) By removing some frequency components from the sampled function
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Ans:a

32. How can one reduce the aliasing effect on an image?


a) By reducing the high-frequency components of image by blurring the image
b) By increasing the high-frequency components of image by blurring the image
c) By reducing the high-frequency components of image by clarifying the image
d) By increasing the high-frequency components of image by clarifying the image
Ans:a

33If h(rk) = nk, rk the kthgray level and nk total pixels with gray level rk, is a histogram in gray
level range [0, L – 1]. Then how can we normalize a histogram?
a) If each value of histogram is added by total number of pixels in image, say n, p(rk)=nk+n
b) If each value of histogram is subtracted by total number of pixels in image, say n, p(rk)=nk-
n
c) If each value of histogram is multiplied by total number of pixels in image, say n,
p(rk)=nk * n
d) If each value of histogram is divided by total number of pixels in image, say n, p(rk)=nk / n

Ans:d

34. What is the sum of all components of a normalized histogram?


a) 1
b) -1
c) 0
d) None of the mentioned

Ans:a

35. A low contrast image will have what kind of histogram when, the histogram, h(rk) = nk,
rk the kthgray level and nk total pixels with gray level rk, is plotted nk versus rk?
a) The histogram that are concentrated on the dark side of gray scale
b) The histogram whose component are biased toward high side of gray scale
c) The histogram that is narrow and centered toward the middle of gray scale
d) The histogram that covers wide range of gray scale and the distribution of pixel is
approximately uniform

Ans:c

36. A bright image will have what kind of histogram, when the histogram, h(rk) = nk, rk the
kthgray level and nk total pixels with gray level rk, is plotted nk versus rk?
a) The histogram that are concentrated on the dark side of gray scale
b) The histogram whose component are biased toward high side of gray scale
c) The histogram that is narrow and centered toward the middle of gray scale
d) The histogram that covers wide range of gray scale and the distribution of pixel is
approximately uniform

Ans:b

37. A high contrast image and a dark image will have what kind of histogram respectively,
when the histogram, h(rk) = nk, rk the kthgray level and nk total pixels with gray level rk, is
plotted nk versus rk?
The histogram that are concentrated on the dark side of gray scale.
The histogram whose component are biased toward high side of gray scale.
The histogram that is narrow and centered toward the middle of gray scale.
The histogram that covers wide range of gray scale and the distribution of pixel is
approximately uniform.
a) I) And II) respectively
b) III) And II) respectively
c) II) And IV) respectively
d) IV) And I) respectively

Ans:d

38. The transformation s = T(r) producing a gray level s for each pixel value r of input image.
Then, if the T(r) is single valued in interval 0 ≤ r ≤ 1, what does it signifies?
a) It guarantees the existence of inverse transformation
b) It is needed to restrict producing of some inverted gray levels in output
c) It guarantees that the output gray level and the input gray level will be in same range
d) All of the mentioned

Ans:a

39. The transformation s = T(r) producing a gray level s for each pixel value r of input image.
Then, if the T(r) is monotonically increasing in interval 0 ≤ r ≤ 1, what does it signifies?
a) It guarantees the existence of inverse transformation
b) It is needed to restrict producing of some inverted gray levels in output
c) It guarantees that the output gray level and the input gray level will be in same range
d) All of the mentioned
Ans:b

40. The transformation s = T(r) producing a gray level s for each pixel value r of input image.
Then, if the T(r) is satisfying 0 ≤ T(r) ≤ 1 in interval 0 ≤ r ≤ 1, what does it signifies?
a) It guarantees the existence of inverse transformation
b) It is needed to restrict producing of some inverted gray levels in output
c) It guarantees that the output gray level and the input gray level will be in same range
d) All of the mentioned

Ans:c

41. What is the full form for PDF, a fundamental descriptor of random variables i.e. gray
values in an image?
a) Pixel distribution function
b) Portable document format
c) Pel deriving function
d) Probability density function
Ans:d

42. What is the full form of CDF?


a) Cumulative density function
b) Contour derived function
c) Cumulative distribution function
d) None of the mentioned

Ans:c

43. For the transformation T(r) = [∫0r pr(w) dw], r is gray value of input image, pr(r) is PDF of
random variable r and w is a dummy variable. If, the PDF are always positive and that the
function under integral gives the area under the function, the transformation is said to be
__________
a) Single valued
b) Monotonically increasing
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Ans:c

44. The transformation T (rk) = ∑k(j=0) nj /n, k = 0, 1, 2, …, L-1, where L is max gray value
possible and r-k is the kthgray level, is called _______
a) Histogram linearization
b) Histogram equalization
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Ans:c

45. If the histogram of same images, with different contrast, are different, then what is the
relation between the histogram equalized images?
a) They look visually very different from one another
b) They look visually very similar to one another
c) They look visually different from one another just like the input images
d) None of the mentioned

Ans:b

46.In 4-neighbours of a pixel p, how far are each of the neighbours located from p?
a) one pixel apart
b) four pixels apart
c) alternating pixels
d) none of the Mentioned

Ans:a

47. If S is a subset of pixels, pixels p and q are said to be ____________ if there exists a path
between them consisting of pixels entirely in S.
a) continuous
b) ambiguous
c) connected
d) none of the Mentioned

Ans:c

48. If R is a subset of pixels, we call R a _________ of the image if R is a connected set.


a) Disjoint
b) Region
c) Closed
d) Adjacent

Ans:b

49. Two regions are said to be ___________ if their union forms a connected set.
a) Adjacent
b) Disjoint
c) Closed
d) None of the Mentioned
Ans:a

50. If an image contains K disjoint regions, what does the union of all the regions represent?
a) Background
b) Foreground
c) Outer Border
d) Inner Border

Ans:b

51. For a region R, the set of points that are adjacent to the complement of R is called as
________
a) Boundary
b) Border
c) Contour
d) All of the Mentioned
Ans:d

52. The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some
value of radius r centred at (x,y) is called :
a) Euclidean distance
b) City-Block distance
c) Chessboard distance
d) None of the Mentioned

Ans:a

53. The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some
value of radius r, form a diamond centred at (x,y) is called :
a) Euclidean distance
b) Chessboard distance
c) City-Block distance
d) None of the Mentioned

Ans:c

54. The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some
value of radius r, form a square centred at (x,y) is called :
a) Euclidean distance
b) Chessboard distance
c) City-Block distance
d) None of the Mentioned

Ans:b

55. Which of the following is NOT is not a type of Adjacency?


a) 4-Adjacency
b) 8-Adjacency
c) m-Adjacency
d) None of the Mentioned
Ans:d

56. What is accepting or rejecting certain frequency components called as?


a) Filtering
b) Eliminating
c) Slicing
d) None of the Mentioned

Ans:a

57. A filter that passes low frequencies is _____________


a) Band pass filter
b) High pass filter
c) Low pass filter
d) None of the Mentioned

Ans:c

58. What is the process of moving a filter mask over the image and computing the sum of
products at each location called as?
a) Convolution
b) Correlation
c) Linear spatial filtering
d) Non linear spatial filtering

Ans:b

59. The standard deviation controls ___________ of the bell (2-D Gaussian function of bell
shape).
a) Size
b) Curve
c) Tightness
d) None of the Mentioned
Ans:c

60. What is required to generate an M X N linear spatial filter?


a) MN mask coefficients
b) M+N coordinates
c) MN spatial coefficients
d) None of the Mentioned

Ans:a

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