Domestic Furniture Ð Seating Ð Determination of Stability: British Standard Bs en 1022: 1997

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BRITISH STANDARD |

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1022 : 1997
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Domestic furniture Ð
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Seating Ð |
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Determination of stability |
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The European Standard EN 1022 : 1996 has the status of a |
British Standard |
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ICS 97.140 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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BS EN 1022 : 1997

Committees responsible for this


British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee
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FW/1, Common test methods for furniture, upon which the following bodies were
represented:

Association of Consulting Scientists


British Coatings Federation Limited
British Furniture Manufacturers' Federation
Castor Manufacturers (UK) Association
Chartered Society of Designers
Consumer Policy Committee of BSI
Department for Education and Employment
Federation of Electronics Industry
Furniture Industry Research Association
Leisure and Outdoor Furniture Association Limited
Mail Order Traders' Association
National Bed Federation Limited
SATRA Footwear Technology Centre

This British Standard, having


been prepared under the
direction of the Consumer
Products and Services Sector
Board, was published under the
authority of the Standards Board
and comes into effect on
15 September 1997

 BSI 1997
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No. Date Text affected

The following BSI references


relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference FW/1
Draft for comment 93/303482 DC

ISBN 0 580 27644 9


BS EN 1022 : 1997

Contents

Page
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Committees responsible Inside front cover


National foreword ii
Foreword 2
Text of EN 1022 : 1996 3

 BSI 1997 i
BS EN 1022 : 1997

National foreword

This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee FW/1 and is the
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English language version of EN 1022 : 1996 Domestic furniture Ð Seating Ð


Determination of stability, published by the European Committee for Standardization
(CEN). It supersedes BS 4875 : Part 2 : 1985 and BS 4875 : Part 4 : 1985 which are
withdrawn.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN
title page, pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover.

ii  BSI 1997
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1022
NORME EUROPEÂENNE
EUROPAÈISCHE NORM November 1996
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ICS 97.140 Incorporates corrigendum March 1997

Descriptors: Furniture, household appliances, seats, stability tests, determination, stability

English version

Domestic furniture Ð Seating Ð Determination of stability

Mobilier domestique Ð SieÁges Ð DeÂtermination de WohnmoÈbel Ð SitzmoÈbel Ð Bestimmung der


la stabilite Standsicherheit

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-09-28. CEN members are
bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation
EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members.


Ref. No. EN 1022 : 1996 E
Page 2
EN 1022 : 1996
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Foreword Contents
This European Standard has been prepared by Page
Technical Committee CEN/TC 207, Furniture, the
Secretariat of which is held by IBN. Foreword 2
It forms part of a series of standards on requirements 1 Scope 3
and test methods for domestic furniture. 2 Definitions 3
This European Standard shall be given the status of a 3 Test equipment 3
national standard, either by publication of an identical 4 Conditioning 4
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 1997, and
conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at 5 General test requirements 4
the latest by May 1997. 6 Determination of seat and back
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, loading positions 4
the national standards organizations of the following 7 Test procedures, all seating:
countries are bound to implement this European experimental method 6
Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, 8 Test procedures for seating with
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, variable geometry: experimental
Switzerland and the United Kingdom. method 8
9 Calculative method 13
10 Test report 13

 BSI 1997
Page 3
EN 1022 : 1996

1 Scope 3 Test equipment


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This European Standard specifies methods for the The tests can be applied by any suitable device
determination of the stability of all types of domestic because results are dependent on correctly applied
seating that can be used by adults. For seating that can loads and not upon the apparatus, except when the
be converted into beds, this standard applies only to discs described in 3.3 are used.
the seating configuration.
3.1 Loading pad, rigid circular object 200 mm in
Chair stability can be determined by either the diameter with a face having a convex spherical
experimental or the calculative method. These methods curvature of 300 mm radius with a 12 mm edge radius.
are compatible in that they apply the same forces at The loading pad shall be mounted on a device which
the same positions. If the result of the calculative can apply a vertical force as specified. The device shall
method is uncertain or marginal the result should be not hinder any movement of the article being tested. A
checked, if possible, by the experimental method. suggested device is shown in figure 1.
The calculative method is invalid for chairs which NOTE. The tests are described in terms of the application of
visibly flex under horizontal loads and for the tests forces. Masses can, however, be used.
specified in 8.2, 8.3, 8.4 and 8.5. 3.2 Horizontal force application device, which can
apply a force either at a given value or at a gradually
2 Definitions increasing value, e.g. a spring balance.
For the purposes of this standard, the following 3.3 Loading discs, each with a mass of 10 kg,
definitions apply: diameter 350 mm and thickness 48 mm.
2.1 stability 3.4 Support apparatus, to support the main stack of
Ability to withstand forces that tend to cause the discs in reclining chair tests. It should be as light as
loaded article to overbalance. possible and not heavier than 2,5 kg. Figure 2 shows a
possible basic design.
2.2 load bearing structure
Any part of a chair which supports a portion of the
loads exerted by the sitter as its primary function,
e.g. the seat frame but not the upholstery.

Dimensions in millimetres
H Loaded seat height
V Vertical load
F Horizontal force
1 Low friction bearings
2 Horizontal bar

Figure 1. Suggested linkage arrangement constraining loading pad

 BSI 1997
Page 4
EN 1022 : 1996
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Dimensions in millimetres

Figure 2. Support apparatus

3.5 Loading point template (figures 3 and 4), which The test results are only valid for the tested article.
consists of two sections, a seat portion with seat When the test results are intended to be applied to
loading point A and a back portion with back loading production models, the test specimen should be
point B. representative of the production model.
The sections are linked to each other by a pivot, and In the case of designs not catered for in the test
the contour of the surface of the seat section is procedures, the tests shall be carried out as far as
designed so that it sinks a representative distance into possible as described and deviations from the test
the seat when a weight of 20 kg is applied to loading procedure recorded in the test report.
point A.
5.2 Tolerances
3.6 Stops, to prevent the article from sliding but not Unless otherwise stated:
overturning, not higher than 12 mm, except in cases
where the design of the item necessitates the use of All forces shall have an accuracy of ± 5 % of the
higher stops, in which case the lowest that will prevent nominal force.
the item from sliding shall be used. All masses an accuracy of ± 0,5 % of the nominal mass.
All dimensions an accuracy of ± 1 mm of the nominal
3.7 Testing surface, horizontal, flat, rigid. dimension.
All angles an accuracy of ± 2Ê of the nominal angle.
The tolerance for position of loading pads shall be
4 Conditioning ± 5 mm.
No prior conditioning of the articles is required. The relationship 10 N = 1 kg may be used for this
purpose.
5 General test requirements
5.1 General
6 Determination of seat and back loading
The furniture shall be tested as delivered. Knock-down
positions
furniture shall be assembled according to the The seat and back loading points shall be determined
instructions supplied with it. If the furniture can be using the loading point template (3.5) as specified
assembled or combined in different ways, the most below. In some cases it may not be possible to
adverse configuration shall be used for each test. determine the loading points by means of the loading
Knock-down fittings shall be tightened before testing. point template. In such cases, the loading points
Position the article on the floor surface (3.7) with the of 175 mm forward of the seat/back junction
legs or base restrained by stops (3.6). and 300 mm upward from the seat/back junction shall
be used.
The tests shall be carried out in the configuration most
likely to cause overbalancing. Position the loading point template (3.5) on the seat
and back centreline as far towards the rear as possible
Stools shall fulfil the forwards overbalancing with its load applied at the seat loading point.
requirements in all directions. The other stability tests
are not applicable.

 BSI 1997
Page 5
EN 1022 : 1996
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A Seat portion
B Back portion
1 Rear
2 Front
3 Top
4 Bottom
5 Seat load
6 Back load
NOTE. Scale: 1 side of square = 20 mm.

Figure 3. Loading surface curves for seat and back loading


point template

 BSI 1997
Page 6
EN 1022 : 1996
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Dimensions in millimetres
A Seat load (chairs)
B Back load (chairs)
1 Typical section
2 Straight edge for determination of seat or back inclination
3 Mark to fix 90Ê

Figure 4. Loading point template

Adjust its position by pushing the back portion into the 7 Test procedures, all seating:
back, so levering the seat portion forwards until the
shape of the loading point template correlates with
experimental method
that of the seat. In cases where the loading point 7.1 Forwards overbalancing, all seating
template can be settled in more than one position, the Position the article with the stops (3.6) against the
position having the smallest angle between the seat front feet or base.
and back portions of the loading point template shall Apply a force of 600 N vertically (for multiple sitting
be used. The angle shall in no cases be less than 90Ê. places to a maximum of 2 places) by means of the
Mark the loading points from the loading point loading pad (3.1) acting at points 60 mm from the front
template. When a seat has more than one sitting place, edge of the load bearing structure at those points most
repeat the procedures on the other sitting places. likely to result in overbalancing. At each loaded
If the number of sitting places in the article is not position apply a force F of 20 N for at least 5 s
obvious, divide the total seat length (in millimetres) horizontally outwards along a horizontal line extended
by 600 and round to the nearest whole number to forward from the point where the base of the loading
determine the number of places. Divide the total seat pad meets the upper surface of the seat (see figure 5).
length into that number of places of equal length. Record whether or not the seating overbalances.
For calculative method see clause 9.

 BSI 1997
Page 7
EN 1022 : 1996
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Dimensions in millimetres
a the minimum horizontal distance from the overturning axis to the vertical projection of the seat loading
point (see also figures 6, 7 and 8)
Figure 5. Forwards overturning for chairs and stools

7.2 Sideways overbalancing, all seating without


arms
Position the test specimen with stops (3.6) against the
feet or base on one side (as appropriate).
Apply a force of 600 N vertically by means of the
loading pad so as to act at a point 60 mm from the
edge of the load bearing structure of the side nearest
the stopped feet at those positions most likely to result
in overbalancing.
Apply a sideways force F of 20 N horizontally outwards
for at least 5 s along a line from the point where the
base of the loading pad meets the upper surface of the
seat (see figure 6).
Record whether or not the seating overbalances.
For calculative method see clause 9.

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure 6. Sideways overturning


for chairs without arms

 BSI 1997
Page 8
EN 1022 : 1996

7.3 Sideways overbalancing, all seating with Apply the force F horizontally for at least 5 s in a
arms rearward direction to the back of the article at the
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Position the article with the stops (3.6) against the feet point (B) determined by the loading point template, or
or base of one side. Apply a vertical force of 250 N at a at the top edge of the back rest, whichever is the
point 100 mm to the side of the fore and aft centre line lower (see figure 8).
of the seat (see figure 7) which is nearest the stopped When the seat has more than one sitting place, carry
feet and between 175 mm and 250 mm forward of the out the procedure on two most adverse sitting places
rear edge of the seat. Apply a vertical force F of 350 N simultaneously.
by means of the loading pad (3.1) at a position on the
centre line of the arm up to a maximum 40 mm For calculative method see clause 9.
inwards from the outer edge of the arm at the most
adverse position along its length. Apply a horizontal
force F of 20 N outwards, and perpendicular to the line
joining the stopped feet, for at least 5 s, at the upper
surface of the armrest in line with the vertical arm
force and on the side with stopped feet (see figure 7).
Record whether or not the seating overbalances.
For calculative method see clause 9.

Figure 8. Rearwards overbalancing

8 Test procedures for seating with


variable geometry: experimental method
There is no calculative method for seating with
variable geometry.
8.1 General
Dimensions in millimetres In addition to the above tests or calculations, seating
b the minimum horizontal distance from the with variable geometry shall be subjected to the tests
overturning axis to the vertical projection of the for tilting, rocking or reclining, as specified below,
arm loading point provided their geometry falls within the limiting
Figure 7. Sideways overturning configurations for the appropriate tests.
for chairs with arms The test shall be carried out with the seating in the
fully tilted or reclined condition.
7.4 Rearwards overbalancing, all seating with
backs g is the angle between the seat and back;
This point only applies to articles with backs
u is the angle of inclination of the back from the
extending 50 mm or more above the unloaded seat.
horizontal (see figures 9a), 11a) and 13a)).
Position the article with the stops (3.6) against the
rear feet or base. Apply a vertical force of 600 N to the For seats with shaped or padded seats or backs the
seat by means of the loading pad (3.1) at the seat
seat loading template shall be used to establish the
loading position (A) determined by the loading point
template. Determine the distance (H) in millimetres relevant angles of inclination.
between the loaded seat and the floor. For articles If the height of the stack of loading discs used in
having a value of H $ 720 mm use a force F of 80 N. tests 8.2, 8.3, 8.4 and 8.6 exceeds the height of the
For articles having a value of H < 720 mm calculate the backrest, prevent the upper discs from sliding off by
force F, in newtons, required from the following the use of a light support, e.g. a piece of cardboard
formula: (see figure 9b)).
F = 0,2857 (10002H) When testing rocking chairs, it may be necessary to
where: restrain the loading discs with lightweight strapping,
H is in millimetres e.g. tape, string or webbing.
F is in newtons.

 BSI 1997
Page 9
EN 1022 : 1996
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a) Test for tilting chairs

b) Practical example of test method

Figure 9. Test for tilting chairs with practical example

8.2 Tilting chairs 8.4 Reclining chairs with footrests


NOTE. Test method valid for all values of u and values of g NOTE. Test method valid for values of u less than 55Ê and values
between 90Ê and 120Ê. of g between 90Ê and 120Ê.
Load the chair with 11 loading discs (3.3) so that the Load the back of the chair with eight loading discs
discs are firmly settled against the chair back, as (3.3) and place three loading discs onto the footrest
shown in figures 9a) and 9b). (see figures 11a) and 11b)) at distance Z from the
Report whether or not the chair overbalances. intersection of the seat and back (see figure 12).
Record whether or not the chair overbalances.
8.3 Rocking chairs
The most adverse floor surfacing shall be used, Table 1. Values of X and Z
e.g. smooth and shiny or carpet or rubber. u X Z
Load the chair with eight loading discs (3.3) so that (degrees) (mm) (mm)
the discs rest against the chair back. 0 474 614
Rock the chair forwards as far as is practicable or until 10 424 564
the back is vertical (see figure 10a)). Allow the chair to 20 375 515
rock rearwards freely under gravity (see figure 10b)). 30 325 464
Record whether or not the chair overbalances. 45 252 392
60 194 314

 BSI 1997
Page 10
EN 1022 : 1996
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a) Method for rocking chairs: rock forwards b) Method for rocking chairs: rock freely rearwards
Figure 10. Method for rocking chairs

Dimensions in millimetres
a) Test for reclining chairs with footrests

1 Elastic cord
b) Practical example of test method: reclining chairs with footrests
Figure 11. Test for reclining chairs with footrests with practical example

 BSI 1997
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 BSI 1997
Figure 12. Values of Z and X (mm)
Page 11
EN 1022 : 1996
Page 12
EN 1022 : 1996

8.5 Footrest test 8.6 Reclining chairs without footrests


In some cases the forward stability test (7.1) cannot NOTE. Test method valid for values of u less than 45Ê and values
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be carried out on a reclining chair because the footrest of g between 90Ê and 120Ê.
folds up. In which case, the normal forwards stability Load the back of the chair with eight loading discs
test from 7.1 shall be applied with the footrest in the (3.3) and place three loading discs onto the front of
folded condition only. the seat of the chair (see figures 13a) and 13b)) at a
However, in those cases where the footrest does not distance X from the intersection of the seat and back
fold as the sitter's weight is moved towards the (see figure 12).
footrest (e.g. lever operated chairs) the normal Record whether or not the chair overbalances.
forwards stability test from 7.1 shall be applied to the
footrest in its fully extended position.

Dimensions in millimetres
a) Test for reclining chairs without footrests

b) Practical example of test method: reclining chairs without footrests

Figure 13. Reclining chairs without footrests with practical example

 BSI 1997
Page 13
EN 1022 : 1996

9 Calculative method 9.2 Forwards and sideways overbalancing for


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chairs without arm rests


9.1 General
Calculate the force Fc required to overturn the chair
Forwards, rearwards and sideways stability for seats from the formula:
with fixed geometry can be determined by the
Fc 2 Fo + 600 a/h
calculative method described in this clause.
Fc shall be $ 20 N.
In the calculative method, the resistance against
overbalancing, caused by vertical and horizontal forces, 9.3 Sideways overbalancing for chairs with arm
is taken into consideration based on the moments rests
about the restrained supporting points. For this Calculate the force Fc required to overturn the chair
calculation distances a, b and h shall be measured from the formula:
under the specified vertical load.
Fc = Fo + 1/h (250a 2 350b)
± distance a is the minimum horizontal distance from
the overturning axis to the vertical projection of the Fc shall be $ 20 N.
seat loading point (see figures 5, 6, 7 and 8); 9.4 Stools, all directions
± distance b is the minimum horizontal distance from Determine the stability of stools in the manner
the overturning axis to the vertical projection of the described in 9.2 except that the stopped feet shall be
arm loading point (see figure 7); those required to tilt the stool about the axis having
± distance h is the vertical distance from the loading the lowest stability.
point to the test floor (see figures 5, 6, 7 and 8); Fc shall be $ 20 N.
± distance H is the loaded seat height (see figure 8). 9.5 Rearwards overbalancing
First determine the loading points as described in 7.1, Calculate the force Fc required to overturn the chair
7.2, 7.3 and 7.4 and measure the distances a, b and h. from the formula:
NOTE. The overturning axis does not always pass through the
outer edge of the feet. The overturning axis can be some distance Fc = Fo + 600 a/h
inside the edge of the feet e.g. when the legs are chamfered or Fc shall be 80 N when H > 720 mm
rounded at the bottom.
Fc shall be $ 0,2857 (1000 2 H) when H # 720 mm
A simple method of finding the point of contact between the leg
and the floor is to push a piece of paper under the leg.
Position the unloaded chair with the stops against the 10 Test report
two relevant supporting points. Apply a gradually The test report shall include at least the following
increasing horizontal force Fo acting to tilt the chair information:
over the two restrained supporting points in
accordance with F as shown in figures 5, 6, 7 and 8. a) a reference to this European Standard;
Record the value Fo when the seating overturns. b) the piece of furniture tested (relevant data);
Calculate the force Fc required to overbalance the c) the test results, overbalance/not overbalance;
chair had it been loaded with the test loads. d) details of any deviations from this European
Standard;
e) the name and address of the test laboratory;
f) the date of test.

 BSI 1997
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