Pvcckoro G3Bika: Bboãhbrü ' Oo H Etii Ko. F Pammatúq N Ckvifi Kypc

T.B.
IIIycrÍrKoBa
BBOÃHbrü '
OOH ETII KO.f PAMMATúq N CKVIfi KYPC
PvccKoro g3bIKA
T.V. Shustikova
INTRODUCTORY
RUSSIANPHONETIK.GRAMMAR
COURSE
ÃJIfl JII{IL
f oBoPglurrx IO-AHIJII4HCKIT
FOR ENGLISH SPEAKERS
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T.V. Shustikova
Introductory Russianphonetic-grammar
eoursefor Englishspeokers
PexouenÃonaHo
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PoccnücxoüOeÀepaqrurB KaqecrBeyue6uoronocúrx
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Mocrca 1997
EEK 8l.Agrr YTBEPXNEIIO
un PIIC Yqenom cosera
PoccnÍororo Ynxnepcmyra,{pyx6rr Hapogon
Peqexseulru:
Cr.s.c. HOCO PAO x.n.n.Á.A.ffaenemxeatòueea,
3aa. raQe roü PKI,I MIIïV [email protected],xoea
lllycrr.rrora T.B.
IlI97 BsoÃnrrü rpouenn<o-rparr,rMarüqeKr,rü
KypcpyccKoro r3brKaÃJÍr
JlrÍrl roBoprrqlx no-aHrm{lïcKr{.- M.: corepurellcrno, lgg7. _104 c.
Ilqrero4 xor*luenrapus A.A. Amaíexocoú
ISBN 5-89441-013-4
Vqe6lrux o6ecneqtnagt co3Hare,r6HoeoBnaÃeHrreocHoBaMH

Qouernseü(oü l.r
fpaMMarr.rqeq(oücr4cTeM pycct(oro r3brxa B npoqecce noHrMaHr,r,u rlpoÃyrl4poBaHrrrr
pe.rr,rr nau6onee arrya:rbHrD( ,4nr Haqarbnoro sraua o6yueHr,rrcrryãqúx yue6uoü,
coquamuo-6rrroroü r coqua.rluo-rynrrypnoü cQepo6rqenux.
Klpc npegna:uaven Ãrr cryÀexToB-nHocrpaHqeB no.uoroBureJrbr{oro {axynrre_
Ta, a raxxe MoxgT 6rIrt ncnonrsosaHglr o6yvenvr 4pyrux rareropuü rnrq inynerrrrrn
cTapToBbrM )T)oBHeM BJÌaÃeHH.S
pyccxr,rMÍ3brKoM.
no4.oroonex ua xarleape pyccxoro Í3ÉÌNa 2 no,moroalrrenrnoro rparylr_
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EBK 81.AHgr.
@T.B.Illycruxona, 1997r.
@Corepurexcroo,1997r.
Preface
The ímponance of the elementary stage ín leaching Russian as a foreign languoge is

dfficult to overestimaíe. The forming of the articulatory grounds of the language ( here Rus-
sian as a foreigt ), Jìrst accountance wiÍh the pecuüartfies of its grammar with their svstem
ìdeas, the developmentof proper grammar form skills of talking, the ability to join talking in
common siluations using elententary language material - all these tasks are tealìsed in íhe
presenÍíntroducÍoryphonetÌc-grammarcourse.
The teachìng material of the course is dÌvided inío I0 lessonsand is organiTed in ac'
cordance with the meÍhodsof staging in forming speechhabits and skills
The phonetic and grammar maturtal of tlte Russian language is presented in Compari-
son wíth the English language thus giving the possibility of using positive transfer as wëll as
avoiding interference.NecessarycommenÍsand the compositíonof the teachingmateial help
to present the languagephenomena completely.
The aim of the Russian articulation, Ío teach the students corect Russian pronuncia-
tìon: fluent glÍde from the articulation of front lingual sounds to back lingual, thus forming the
mechanism of non-palataliTatíon / palataliption, to obtain free glíde from non-palatal to
palatal and vice versa; afler leaming the articulation of wiced and voiceless consonanÍs ío
pronounce the words containing these soundsfluently; to teach reading clusters of consonants
and vowels in words and word combinations accent and rhythm are solved in Íhe course.
TeachingRussian ìntonation ís based on small commanicative rerts of dialogue and monologue
character.
Lexico-grammar models are visually presented in tables and a great number of dritls.
Besides this.there are many píctures ín the text book. This illustrative mateüal stimulates
indívidual speaking of the learners.
Each lesson contains exercisesfor developing language guess and altention, drama
taskswhích do not shadowthe main goal - to obtain grammar correclnessof the speech. The
system of exercÌsesin the lessonsand home tasks provide íraìning of the skills and realise
communicative oientation of teachíng at the elementary stage already. All the expressions
common to certain sìtuations dre put together in a special sectìon <Speechetiqueííe>. The
section <<Keyto exercìses>> developsskills of self-conÍrol. The leamers are given the task to fill
in summary dictionary with new words (task: tlite out new words alphabetically) for the cle-
velopmentof indívidual work skills. There are texts of popular songs with the translation in
the course. Systematic classesof musical phoneücs .are sugested. All this helps solving lin-
guacuhural problems, enlargesthe potentìal vocabulary, provides relaxation absolutely neces-
sary at the elementarystage which is consideredto be the most dfficult.
The course is intendedfor 40-50 class lessons, The aadio casettewith exercises,texts
and songsis enclosed.
Ípeôucaoeae
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ÃaHHoMcryqae, pyccKoro s3brKa KaK rauoctpanHoro), nepBoe 3HaxoMcrBo c oco6eHHo-
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4peÃcraBroH[r{, pa3Br,ruroHaBbr-
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pôaJlr,HoeperreBoeo6rqenr,re r nalr60nee qacro Bcrpeqarortr\rxcÃ cwrya\lrtD(. Ha
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QouerÌ4Ko-rpaMMarr.rrecKoMKypce.
v'{e6HÉnÌ Marepr,raJrKypca pacnpeÃenen no r0 }T)oKaMü opraHr43o'aH B coor-
BercrBlru c uvrogüroü cra,qlIarÉHosrr{ n (poprrnrponaHrrapeqeBbD(HaBbrKoBr yrrrennü.
(Donsrl,Í.rec*{ü u rpauuarrtuecrcrü Marepr,ÍaJlpyccKoro
s3hrKa Ãagrc.r B co,,o-
craBJIoHlrI'Í c arrmtücroru ,r3brKoM,rrro ro3norÍsr lrcrroJlÉ3oBarr,Bo3Moxgosr.r4KaK rro-
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Mer{Tapr'rür{ pacnoJroxoHl,Íe yve6noro Maref)uaria rÌoMoraror Ãarb ÀocrarorrHo nonH}.ro
rrpe3or{Taqr,roI,r3yqaeMbD< .II36rKOB[,D(
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aprI,IKyJrf,r{troHHoü6a-srr, Ha} rr{T6 I,D(npaBtÍnbHoMypyccKoMy 4por,r3HorrreHr,Íro: cno6o4-
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npoÌ{3uorrrgn}rlt or rBopA6D(K MrrrKr,IMz nao6opor; ocBor4Baprr,tKyJrru"to .uo"r"a
urlDc'D( coDracHrur, 'cno604Ho rlpor{3Hocr4TbclroBa, coÃopxaüIlíe 3Tn 3Byr0{; Hayr{[TÉ "
qreHr'Ílo rpyÌr[ coDracHÉD(ü DracHbD(B oroBe r,Í crroBocoqeraHuu.
B rypce pèurarorcx
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Hr40pyccKoú r{HroHaqur,Í ocy rocrBrÍercs na 6ase ne60rututo< KoMMyHÌ{Kart4BHo3Ha_
qIIMID( ToKCTOB ÃI4aJIOD{[I9CKOrO I,I MOHOJIOII4TIeCKOTO
XapaKTOpa.
Jlercr'rxo-rpaultarr4r{ecr(He MoÀeJrÌ4HarnsÀHo 4peÃcraBJroubrn ra6Jrüqax r,r
Ãocra-
ro'{Ho 60õüroÀ{ KotrÍí\recrBg TpoHUpOBorrHbÌx y'npa:iGreHr,rü.Kpoue roro, r yve6rnare
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B raxqorra ypoKg coÃepxarcr yÍrpa{crreur.tfi Ha ' pa3Bvtn4e srblxonoú Ãofa.rlKr4r,r
BHr{MaHa[' 3aÃaEfig.a4)oBoro xapaì<Tepa'Koropblo, TeM He MeHôs, Ho 3aryIrreBrüBa]or
ocuonuoü 3aÃaqr,Í- fo6urcx rpaMMarr4qocKoünpanwrrnocrr pevra. cr,rcreua y[paãc{e-
HI4ú B YPOKAX 14 ÀOMAIIIHI,IE 3AÃAHI,T'I IIO3BOJTÍIOT 3AKPEÌII,TTÉIIOJTJEIEHHI,IE
3HAH1ÚI ü PgA-
nr{3yror KoMÌr{yHnKarr,rBHyIo HalÌpaBJroHHocrbo6yverur yxe Ha Haqarbuotrr erane. Bce
rlMôrorqlrecÍ B ypoKzlx BÉIpÍDKeHI,Irr,
xapaKreprbre ÀIs olrpeÃgneHHrn<cr.rryaUuü o6rqe_
Hr'Ír' cBeÃeHbrn cneqraanrr*tü pag4elr "Pe.renoit. srÌ,rxer". pa:4e.n ,,K-nrouu K yrrpÕrcre-
masM" nosnon-sor pÍxlBr,ÍBarÊHaBbIra4caMoKoHTpors.!5t pasnurut HaBbrKoBcaMocroÍ-
tenluoü pa6mrr r KaxÃoM llpoKe yqaql{McÍ qper,naraflc.s 3aloJlHr{r6 HoBbrMI,IcJroBaMr4
cro4nnü yve6xuü cJroBap. (saganr.rx ,,HanuutumeHo6ue cro,a no aaeaeumy,,). B rgpce
ÃalorcÍ TeKcrbr rlorryn IpHbD(rÍeceH c nepoBoÃoM,rÍro crlDlc.rr He roJtbKo Jrr,ÍHrBoKyJrbry-
ponon4lrecKl,rM3a"[a.raìúu [orroJrHrIETnmeirqua:rrnuti cÍoBapÃ, xo u cnoco6crnyer
pe_
naKcal1uv' crom neo6xo4raltoü Ha Ha*ralruoM - caMoMTpylnoM - srane o6yvonnr.
Kypc paccwrraH na 40-50 qacoB aylgmopubD( galrlsrnft.
' K Kypcy npr4narasrcs, ayÃvto*accëTac 3arMcbro ynpa:xcrouuü, TeKqroBI,r flece'.
AJI@ABI{T
Aa lal Nevada Henaga

-/t
Eõ gl tb1 Baikal 5aüxa;r
Bs g6 lvl Volga Boma
lr Tu tel Glasgow Irasro
Ãa gs tdl Dnieper Ãuenp
Ee E" [ie] Yerevan Epenan
Ëe Ea t iol Yorkshire üoprcuup
Xx JICr* lál Geneva Xenena
3s 3? lzl Zarnbezi 3aM6esr
r4t Ql, til Italy Ilrwws,
hn QJa t'1 Troy Tpor
Kr fro tkl Caucasus Kanxas
J In
-4* t11 [,ondon JIeHÃoH
M tr,t ,út* lml Moscow Mocrca
Hn lfn lnl Novosibink Honocu6upcr
Oo 0" Io] Ottava Omana
fIn 9(* tpl Paris flaplox
Pp e7, trl Riga Prra
Cc Go ts1 Siberia Cu6upr
Tr 97(,, trl Toronto TopoHro
Yy uy, [u:] Vesuúus Beeynuü
oô .frç tfl France (Dpamtüs
Xx %* thl Shanehai IIIatuaü
qq %q ttsl Tsushima I{ycrua
qln Chile tlrlJu,r
9.r ttll
III tu Qllro rIl Sheffield IIIeOSwrs
Iü ur Qt(,,+ lÍi:l
b ì.Ì lr*t ]occua
bI 6't
b o
9e Ir tal S""ttf, L"rn
IO ro , JO* Uul Yugoslaúa trOrocraglrÍ
fr.s. ,-fl* [ia] Yalta gtÍra
TABLE OF THE IIARI) TABLEOF THE SOFT
CONSONATS CONSONANTS
TAsJrr{rIATBEPÃbIX TABJII{IIA Mf,IKI,IX
COTJIACHbIX CODIACHbIX
l4A - MO - My - M3 -'Mtr M ,q_ME_M ÌI]- ME_M I4
BA_ E O _B Y -83_Ë bI E,S- BË_BIO_BE_BI4
IÌA-IIO-ny -IÌ3-Il bl N,fl _ I]Ë - IÌIO _ IIE _ III4
BA-B O-B y -83-B ht. B,q-BË-BIO-BE-B'4
0 A- @ o-oy -03-obl o. s - oË- ot o- oE- oil
,[A-ÃO-.qy-13-.4br ,[E-IE-Ãn-ÃE-ÃVr
TA-TO-TY_T3-TII T.S_TË-TIO-TE-TI4
H A _ H O_ H Y _ H 3 _ H h i H, S - HÉ _ H] O - HE _ HI A
J I A- JIO_ JÌY _ JIg -JIT I J]ff-JIË-J]I]-TIE_JIW
3 A - 3 0 -3 y-3 3 -3 h r 3.S-3Ë-3r0-38-371
c A- C O - C y - c 3 - c b ] cfl-cË-cÌ0-cE-ct|
u À- uo- uy - u3- ubr r lA- r tË- qÌ0- qE- i171
r_lE_ rlr4 ilo
ilrÂ - nÌË nIO - qE - ur4
nio
PA _ PO_ P Y _ P 3 _ P b Ì P,S_PË_PN.PE_PII
X A - , X O-X Y -X E -X Z
,/11È
NÌA - IÌIO - ÌIIy - IIIE - ]]II4

tll L
FA
rf1 - .t \-,, - _L y - -
fE - rll
KA_ K O_K Y _ KE - K]I
XA- X O _X Y _ XE_XM
Tableof combinationsof the consonants
TAENI4IIA COIIETAHI4I4 COIJIACHbTX
BBA - BBO - BBI4 OIIA - Ono - ollt4 3KA [CKA] - CKA

BBA - BBO - BBI4 OOA - OOO - OOI4 BKA [OKA] _ OKA
BMA - BMO - BMII OMA - OMO - OMt{ B!Â tB,[A] - BTA
- [orA]
BHA - BHO - BHII OHA - OHO - OHI4 BIA [BfA] - BKA
- toKAl
BJIA - BJIO - BJIil OJIA - OJIO - Onil B,4A lB.[A] - BTA
- [o TA ]
BpA - BPO - BPI4 oPA - OPO - OPil C.UA t3ÃAl _ 3TA
- icrA l
B.[A - B,qO - BIII OTA - OTO - OTII 3JlO - CJIO
BIA - BIO - BIII OKA - OKO - OKI4 3MA - CMA
B3A _ B3O - 8371 OCA - OCO _ OCI4 3BA _ CBA
BXA - BXO - BXTI O]I1A- O]IÌO - OI]1Í4 3HA _ CHA
PA - TPA _ BTPA IOTPA] - CTPA - BCTPA IOCTPA]

K T O- fIA- r ÃE
py - .qpy - KIPy lrÃPvl - c.qPv t3lPvl
TA-XÃA-XTY BA - XBA
JIA - ruIA _ ruIA - 3JlA _ CJ]A _ BJIA - TJÌA - .[J]A
APT _ OPT - YPT - YKP - YIP _ YIP
AEPb _ BP,S
MHO - MHE - IIHÃ - IÌIIF, - nHV - rl{A - rHIl
nÌ ir õr ta nrr
bbà - u-bÌ1 - ll-b.ü - lI.bru - lJbll - ÌJ.bru - JI-bIi - J.l.bÌrJ
IACK _ CKNA - OPCK _ IIOJIbCK - KYPCK,

KBA _ ]IBA - 3BA - TBA - XBA _ CBA - IIIBA
SOME PRINCIPALPECULIARITIESOF
RUSSIAN PHONETIC SYSTEM
Phonetic is a section of science about the language which deals with the
sounds of speech. while studyrrg a foreign languageit is necessaryto acquaint
oneself with its sound system as the sound languagedoes not coincide with the
written one. we write letters and pronourÌce sounds, therefore a word which rs
familiar in spelling may sound quite strange when we hear it for the first time il a
lecture or in a conversation.In order to know which sounds are denoted bv these
letters in different casesand how to pronounce them it is necessaryto have án idea
of the phonetic rules of the Russianlanguage.In order to show the correct way to
pronouncewords phonetic transcriptionis used. For example:oro Mocrca? (is
it
Moscow?). [era rraacrna?].
Vowelsand Consonants
All Russian and English sounds are divided into vowels and consonan$.
some Russian sounds have English counterparts, whereas others have not. AÌl
Russianvowels are shoúer than their English counterparts.
Voicedand VoicelessConsonants
As in Engiish, the Russianconsonantsare divided into voiced and voiceless.

But unlike English consonants, Russian voiced and voiceless consonants whlch
havo counterpaltschangetheirs articulationsdependingon position in the words.
Hard and Soft Consonants

Russianconsonantsare divided not only into voiced and voiceless,but also
into hard and soft consonants.when pronouncing hard conconants the tack part
of the tongue is drawn back and raised. soft consonantsdiffer in the pronunciatron
from hard ones by some additional articulation: the middle part ofìhe io"g""
,,
raised to the palate and the whore to-ngueis a bit protrudeo. ihe tip of the tãngue
is lowered as in the pronunciation of the Russianvowel ,,1I". Soft consonants
hàve
"T" hue. The opposirion of hard and soft consonantsis a peculiarity of Russian
$
phonetic system.
WordStress
vowelsin Russiancanbe stressed and unstressed.stressis the pronunciation
of one vowel in a word with a greaterforce accompaniedby an increasein the
length of the sound comparedwith othe$ on"s; su"h a vowel is called stressea.
Stressis markedbV/ ' / which is placedabovethe stressedvowel.
Russian words may consist of one, two, tfuee and more syllables, one of
which is stressed.
In Russianthe stressdoes not fall on some definite syllable of a word, it is
free: máua (mum, mother); xafxa (science). Stress can distinguish words and
granìmarforms: sarìróx- cáMox (a padlock - a castle); nncruá - núcrua (of a letter
- letters).
It is necessaryto write down and leam every word paying attention to the
stress.
In order to pronounce a stressedvowel it is not necessaryto raise the pitch,
one should only to intensify this sound, pronounco it with more energy and longer
than other soundsofa word.
Intonationalsystemof Russian
The intonational systemof Russianconsistsof 7 types of intonational units
intonational constructionswhich are called IC-1, IC-2, IC-3... (VlK-t, l4K-2,
I4K-3...)- These intonational constructions distinguish the meaning of the
sentelìceswe say and hear.
I
Haraua noër. (lIK-l) Natalie sings.
2
Kax Haraua not"r?(lIK-2) How well does Natalie sing?
J
Harana noÈh?(lIK-3) DoesNataliesing?

4
Â Amon? (I{K-4) And what aboutAnton?
:
Kax Haraua noih! (lÍK-5) How beautifully Natalie siugsl
The sentences though identical by their lexico-syntactical structure may

expressdifferent ideas depending on the intonation they are pronounced with. For
example:
I
On naër aonroü. (Ee is going home.)
3
On naPr Ãouoü? (Is he going home?)
A simple question and delight may be expressedin the same words but with
completely different intonation:
2
Kax ona noèn? (lIK-2) Xopouo. How doesshesings?Well.
Ki* ona noër! (I{K-5) How beautifuttyshe sings!

.{a, npexpacno!, Yes,she does.
- E.A.Epsrsrynoaa. pyccxoüpewr". M., 1972.

"3nyxnr{ r4HroHauuÍ
2 3âKâ3N, 195! 9
The centre of I4K is defined by the situation and depending on the situation
can move. In some cases shifting of the I,IK centre changes the meaning of the
sentence, in other casesit makes the meaning more exact.
Pay attention to the changing of the meaning of the sentence if the centre of
I,IK moves:
J
- Bu 6run r rearpe? - Were you at the theatre?

11
- Àa, n rearpe. - Yes,at the theatre.
J
- Bu 6ruln r rearpe? - Wereyou at the theatre?

11
-,{a, 6rur. - Yes,I was.
3
- Bu 6u.nn B Tearpe? - Wereyou aí the theatre?
11
- Ãa, * - Yes, it was me.
Yporenepooui
Lesson1. YPOK IIEPBbIII

Vowels a [a], o [ol, y [y]o e [e], n [n], u [ul
There are only six vowelsin stressedposition: [al, [o], [y], [e], [n],
[u]. All Russianvowels,except[u], haveEnglishcounterparts:
a vase
Wí
';
"m"L"r,/\r,r@ \\
fi]'r \,Y,,/
/l apor t r ait
-^-
Ex. 1. Read these sounds. Don't forget that Russian vowels are shorter
than their English counterparts: "park', "sort", "look", "feet". In the
pronunciation of the Russian [o], [y] the lips are more rounded and tense in
the pronunciation of their English counterpaÍts.
a-o -y y-o -a a- 3- r r r |- 3- a a- o- y- I|- 9- â
o -a -a t o- o- o' ! v-v-vl
ll
Yowelu [ul
In the pronunciation of the vowel [u] the bulk-of the tolrgue is retracted
from the front teeth while the back of the tongus is raised.The lips are passive,
motionless.
Ex 2. Readthesevowels.Watch the position of the tongue and the lips.
a-hl a-I|-bl a- o- y- bt- n- 9- a
a-y-bI a-e-r r-h l a- 9- I|- br - y- o- a
Syllable
In the Russian every vowel taken separateryor in combination with
consonantsforms a syllable.Two vowelsform two svllables.
_ The secondsyllableis to be stressed.pronounce the pre-srtessvowel on
the usualpitch. rower the pitch on the stressedvower. Readthe svllables.
y a! (y -a!) ay! (a-y!)
Consonants u_[nl, 6 [õ1,n [nl, r [r], 0 [01, ] hl,

r [rl, u [nl, r [rl, r [xl, r [al,õ 1g1--
The Russian hard consonantscorrespond to tho Eng1iú consonants.
flowever, úe Russianconsonant/n/ resomblesthe Engtiú
1i1 t"t m;;;;
aspirated.
12
Vporcnepewú
u [ul = [ml sUoke

6 [6] = [bl bearded
r lnl = lpl tobacco-pipe
n [nl = [vl sailingyessel
0lQl=lrl phorograph
Ex. 3. Read.Differentiatethe vowels.

Ma-Me-MO-My-Mbl a M-9 M-O M-W
6a--6s -6o-6y -6 u a n -e t r-o ll-y I |
tra-tre-|Io-try-trbl a 0 - e È- o ô - y0
BA- Be-BO- By- Bt'l
0 a - ô e - $ o - Sy- Qu
- Ee! - IIaQ!
- v0! - My-ry!
13
Vp"- ,"p""t
Ex. 4. Read. The tip of the tongue is pressedagainst the back of the
upper incisors.The consonant [r] never aspirated.
r [r] = [tl
TA-T9-TO-Ty-Tbr
a [a] = [d]
Ã a-Ã e-Ã o-Ã y-À bl
u [x] = [n]
Ha-H3-HO-rry-Hhr
aT-3T-OT-yr
fila-ftLa-n7a
TaT-TOT-Tyr
Sing with us
Ta-Ta-Ta TA -TA.-TA
Ta-TA-Ta Ta -Ta
Don't forget that in the articulation of the Russian the tip

/r/, /t/, /l/
of the tongue is pressedagainstthe teethridgebut againstthe bacl'of ihe upper
incisors! The combinations of vowels with cónsonant always-'are
fn/
pronounced as two soundsl
Ex. 5. Read.
aH - 9H. - OH A H -H A
H a H -H Orr-H y H ü-B A H
AH - TOH
Ex. 6. Read and rememberthe pronouns.

Tbf you Bb,r you ltlbl we
is used in addressing is used in addressine
chìldren, friends a number of persoÃ as a polite form
Tbr you
ffiffiBH yOU Ntb| We
14
Vpor nepawú
Ex.7.Read.
e [s] : [z] peasant 3 a -3 it -3 ()-3 y -3 H

c [c] : fsl artist ca-ce-co-cy-cbr
r [r] : [gl go, grove f 8 ' r0 - ry
r[xf = [c,k] cloud,colour K a -K O -K y ; A K -O K -y K
Consonantshardbefore: a, o, y, g, hr
ua [ua] uo [ruo] My [My] rrre[ue] ruu [uu]
Consonantshard at the end of the word: aou
Consonanthard beforethe consonanthard: rycr
Ex. 8. Read.
,,É-'íd
cold - sleep cw - soup YC- moustoche3oHT- umbrella
- KaÔe lraÕsl
- rcecream
MOpOìIíEH9E
15
cyx - branch corí - juice
É
dlffiffit
/- -ì
XïiH4dE
àral'.ír9l
É
-\tt -
É @
S-E F€
ÃoM- house, Kysr - bush - CAt

Mocr - bridge 'tO'Í
Stressedand unstressed
vowels.Reductionof unstressedvowels
In Russian every word has the stress.One syllable of the word is stres-
sed. The vowel of this syllable is stressed.Another vowels of a word are un-
stressed.In ordel to pronounce a stressedvowel it is not necessaryto raise the
pitch, one should only ìntensify this sound, pronounce with more energy and
longer than other sounds of a word. Listening to Russian speech it is possible
to notice that while stressedvowels are distinct and deÍìnite unstressedvowels,
besidesthe quality of the sounds/a/, /o/ greatlychanges.Therefore their pro-
nunciation differs from their spelling. For example, in the word Mocrca the
frrst unstressedvowel "o" is pronounced as a short sound,/a/ - /^/. ln the
other unstressedsyllablesa, o are pronounced as a very short sound a - u [t]:
norouy /rrsrûy/ because.
lerter A stressedAt the be- All the other In the ab-
vowel ginningof sttessed unstressed solute end
a word syllable syllables of the word
a lal TAM Arnón 6awâr, caÃoBoÃ MAMA

o lol ÃoM oHa r,oaí troToMV 9TO
SAMOK
16
Vpor nepeuú
Ex. 9. Read. Pay attention to tho stress.
sauóx - lock {auox - castle

A word may consist only of the stressedpart , ÃoM (house),of, the pre-
.. stressedand stressedpafts - Mocxra (Moscow), of the stÍessed and post-
stressedpâÍts - KoMHara(room). The stressedpart consistsof only one syllable.
Hayxa (scìence)
pre-stressedpart shessedpart post-stressedpart

The pre-stressedand post-stressedparts may consist of some syllables.
The pre-stressedpart of a word is usually pronounced on a middle pitch. The
pitch changesin the stressedand the post-stressedparts. When you name the
word, in the stressedpart the pitch is lowered.
Ex. 10. Listen the words. Pay attention to the stress.
n and oHá she oro this, there
Bor here oHó it for neuter uâma mum
TJn here nína dad
TaM lhere Boía waler aóua at home
oH he oxxó wintlow
The Genderof Nouns

Russiannouns belong to one of the three genders:masculine,feminine
or neuter. Nouns denoting animated objectsare either masculineor feminine.
Nouns denotinginanimateobjectsare any of the threegenders.The genderof
' a noun is determined by the final letter of the word: a hard consonant
correspondsto the masculine nouns; the vowels a and s correspondto the
feminine nouns; the vowelso and e correspondto the neuter nouns.
3 3'r!3 ,t lese t7
Vpor nepawú
Masculine (m) Feminine (0 Neuter

OH oHa oHo
llr,an Arura or(Ho
|taI|a MAMA
ÃoM Mocrna
The NominativeCase
Russian nourÌs are declined, i.e. they take different endings on their
function ür the sentence.There are six casesin Russian: the nominative, the
genitive, the dative, the accusative,the instrumental and the prepositional.
The nominative is the first case of nouns in the article of the dictionary.
The nominative denotesthe subjectin the sentenceand answersthe questions:
I4thois this?Kro s.ro? 9ro Aflra.
Wo is at home?Kro Ãoua? Amra Ãoua.
In Russian there are sentencesin which the subject and predicate are
expressedby the nouns in the nominative case:
Arma - uaua. llsan - nana. Arrron - cun.
Arura llran . Arron

MAMA tratra cbtH
Omissionin the PresentTenseof the Eqúvalentof the EnglishVerb "TO BE"
9ro 4ou. Thisis a house.
gro I{sar. Thisis lvan.
0n Ãoma. Ee is at home.
The First IntonationalConstruction(lIK-l)
IIK-I is most vividly seenwhen one expressthe completeness
of the
llalIative sentences:
9ro uama. Thisis mummv.
Oua 4oua. Sheis at homá.
Fint of all it is necessaryto leam to pronounce correctly úe pre_
stressed, and post-stressed
stressed partsof I4K-1.
18
Vpor nepewú
9ro maua
pre-stressedpart stressedpart, center of IIK-I post-stressedpart
Ãa. Yes. 9ro Anron. He is Antony. Kounara. Room.

The center of I{K- 1 (one syllable) is always in the new part of the
utterânce.The pre-srtessedpart is pronounced on the usual pitch. The specific
feature of I4K-l is lowering the pitch in the stressedpart. The post-stressed
pârt is pronounced on a iower pitch than the usual one. (In transcription the
irtonation is denotedby the numberslIK1,2,3... abovethe centerof l{K).
Ero AHfla. OHa Ãoua.

Ex. 10. Read these sentencespaying attention to the intonation.
llllt
9ro Ãonr. Ox ryr. Bor Ãom. Dro nala. Bor oH.
1l
gro xycr. 0n ryr. Tyr nrocT
. 9ro I{nan. llnan Àoua.
tl
Dro uocr. Os rau. Tau rycr. 9ro Anron. On aorua.
ll ll
gro uaua. Ona ryr. 9ro Anna. Ona aoua.
Ex. 11. Read the texts, paying attention to the intonation.
11 11
a) Mu gonra.I,I nu 4oma. B) AHHaÃoua. I{ úInan Ãoua.
We are at home. And you are at home too.
ll ll
6) Manra Ãoua. lÍ trâtraÃoMa. r) 0H aonra.I,I ona 4oua.
Ex. 12. Readthe text.
9ro Anna. gro I,Inan. gro Anron. Mu 3Haxouu. (We are acquaintecl.)
,J' 19
Jt, Cq 32, o9",
g/2, -ú*,6{97),,,%
.F4,9V*, .ffo, 3a ?o %, ffa
'y',ra)Ha) *,K, nty',,%., *, ógoo, M. .
9*o*á... o9*o *r-.. 9*o
-4t*.
&*t gt".'/íaw.
-//"Õút. "%".
Honework
l. Pronounceand write thesewords:
AHna, ?InaH,Mocxna,oKHo,BoÃa.
2. Where do you pronouncea short faint sound [a]?
MocIGa, oH, Bo,qa,ero, Arura, AHToH,Bor, ÃoMa,oKHo,Kor.
3. Transcribe(represent)the letten a, o by the phonetic symbol [n/r]
Mocrna, gyíuá, Orá, coK, BoÃa,Kycr, [ana.
4. Write the genderof thesenouns:
ÃoM,oKHo,Mocr<na,coK, cyÍI, BoÃa,Kycr, Mocr, rIatta, Iraaua,Arnor.
5. Translateinto Russian:
We are at home. And you are at home.
It is Anna. It is lvan. It is Anton. We are acquainted.
Here the house.Here the room.
Anna, Ivan and Anton are at home.
6. Fill in the necessarycharactersto read following words:
M__*_â, o__o, M_ _ T , c_FI
7. Cross out superÍluous characters to read the latent here words:
a 6 n ra o u e ë x3r .r KoKHo
l rB a H MJrK pcÃaHHar Oy
6 n n <[rK H MaHToHcaM o
8. Write new words in alphabetical order in the special notebook.
20
Vpor amopoú
Lesson2. YPOK BTOPOü

The Hard ConsonantI [.rt]
The articulation of the Russian[r] differs from that of the English [/ ]
in the following: the tip of the tongue is pressednot againstthe teethridge,but
againstthe backof the upperincisors.
Pronouncethe syllables.The sounds[tl' [a], [nl' [r]' [r]' [o]' [yl help
you to pronouncethe consonant[l] hard.
Ta - Ãa - Ea - Jra xla rKa o-no - ono
m - ,4o - EO - JIO KJIO JIXO y - iry - yJry
Ty-ry -Fy-ny Kn y nrry
TÉI - ,UbI - TËT - JIbI trJIII JIKI
Te-19-tr9-JI9
andwords.
Ex. 1.Readthesesyllables
rla - rrâ - JIa lrârmra. alayy
JIE - JI9 - JT9 MOJIOTO A MUK
Jro - Jro - Jro sróro a word
Jry - Jty - Jry xJlacc a classroom
J IE I-J Ib | .J Ih |
â - an - aJr sa:r a hall

on - oJr - oJt cmn a table
yn - yn - yn cryn a chair
bIJI - b|JI - bUI
gJI - 9JI . 3JI
paying attentionto the intonation.

Ex. 2. Read the senteÍÌces
llll
Oro cron.II em cmr. 9ro san.lI sm san.
11 11
Oro cryr. II ero cryl. 9m lanma.II ero lalma'
The Plural of Nouns

The plural form of the masculineand feminine nouns is formed by the
ending -u
uocr - uosú rówarX+ u:rónnaru
---___\
\\ ./- _/-
final consonantof the stem is hard
2l
Ex. 3. Readthe words payingattentionto the pronunciationof the sound
Iul.
caa - caaír garden(s.,pl.) craxáx - craxânu glass(s., pl.)
.
3oHT- 3onTbr xôuxara - xôuuaru room(s.,pl.)
uocr - mocr:ú 6jxra - 6!xnu letÍer (s.,pl.)
croJr- croJrbr .námna - .rárunu
The SecondIntonationalConstruction(llK-Z)
I4K-2 is vividly seen while expressinga question in the interrogative
sentenceswith an interrogativeword (for example:"KTO,, (who), ,,KOI./{/r',
(when):
tr
Kro Whois Íhis?
Center of l4K-2 Post-stressed

part
Pay attention to the intonational scheme of the sentence with
an
interrogativeword. The pre-stressedpart is pronounced on the usual pit"h.
i;
corÌtrast to zK- l the stressedpart is pronounced with a stronge*oìd
.tr.r,
which is marked in the súeme by a small square. The post-itressea
pãrt is
pronounced on the lower pitch than the usual one as in ?IK_2.
u
Kro TJ"r? Whois here? Kro 4orua? Wo is at home?
. Ex' 4' Pay attention to the intonational schemes. The center

of trre
intonational construction is defrned by the situation and dependirrg
on tÀ;
situation can move. The changing of rhe center of krK-r,
úr-z úrcì ir.'.
mearung of the sentence more exact: Kro Àorua? and Kro
aonra? In the
rnterrogative sentence the word KTO is predicate of a question,
i.". ìt
exspressesthe queúon designing what is being asked about.
The answér to the
question can be short or full. If the full answer is glen
the center will be
alwayson the word A.n.rra.The intonational center of an answer
dependson the
mtenogative word of a question ,,<ro',:
2l
Kro ero? gro A;ura.
Kto ryr? Tyr Á,rua.

2l
Kro Àonra?Alla aorua.
Ex. 5. Make up the sentences

asin the modelof the Ex.4 usingthesewords:
Anna, ÍIrau, Arron, uaua, [atra, cbul, TaM,Tyr, ero,
AoMa!KTo.
22
Ex. 6. Read the dialogues. Pay attention to the intonational center of
uK-2.
2
- Kax Bacsoryr? Whatis your name?
r2
- Á..rura.
A xax Bac soryr?
I
- Marc.
The center of klK-2 is the questionwas changedbut the predicateof the
question(what is being askedabout)remained:this is the word KAK. If you
addressdifferentpeoplewith this questionyou will changethe centerof I4K-2
in everynew question.You can ask:
1) - Kax Bac eoryr? - fuua.

2
2) - Kax Bac ronyr? - Á'.rua.
2
3) - Kax Bac eonyr? - A.ma.
The answerto all thÕsedüïèrentquestionswiÌl be the same"A,T.,ïa".
Remember
Names: Anna,A,r.ra,(f)
I,[nal, Arffon, Maxc (m)
Towns: Mocxra, Ãy6uá,TÍ.na
Rivers: Mocxra, Bóara, Oxá, flox
-í/níaztur a,n&, a,fcer cnn,t, ryo,âu, rtu'l,uíanz.,
,ra-íí4fln6,t Jo * -* -íâ, -46t A' 0.43á4 6,ú,'
9*o
-día-,í(a- -,fl.-e. 9*ogo-*.
&* **. n9*o.1or-. .Lr*.
"9;
Ifomework
l. Write in plural form:

MOCT, CTOJI,IAMIIa, 3AJI.
2. Write the genderof nouns: .

cJIoBo,croJr,Bolra, rama, rutacc,Mocxna,Marc, MoJIoKo.
3. Write the Russiannames.
4. Transcribe:
9TO, KlIaCc, clloBo, oKHO.
Who is this? This is Alla. Sheis at home.
Who is this?This is Max. He is at home.
6. Look at the picture (ex. 6) and write the sentences.
7. Crossout superfluous characters to readthe latentherewords:
6a:rs roMH a r a À H
yB o n fa a n trÃM bla
Ã Mo n o K o 3 crr r r 6
8. Write neú words in alphabetical order in the special notebook.
24
Irsson 3. YPOK TPETIIII
rn [ul, xr [x]
The Hard Consonants
The consonants[m], [x] are invariably hard.
The consonant[m] is resemblethe Englishconsonantrepresentedby the
letters sh in shop,shell.T\e consonsnt[x] resemblesthe English consonantin
the word pleasure. The Russian [n], lxl are harder than their English
counterparts. The consonant[x] is voicedand [m] is voiceÌess.
Ex. l. Readthe syllables,wordsand sentences.
a - ma [ma] a - xa [xa]
a
a
a
-
-
ue
më
mo
[ms]
[mol
a
a
â
-
-
-
xe
xë
xo
[xe]
[xo]
[xol
N uúto
N
- [mo]
a - my [Ey] a - )Ky [xyl J(CIL
a - mu [urH] a - xü [xotl
3'o CL.. Ero M"t.. üKarp MAÀbIIII
book case baby
Names: Canra (m,fl pet nameof "Alexander"

Maua (fl pet nameof "Mary"
PossesivePronounsEMIII our(s), BNII your(s)
S Plural
masculine HAM. BA CTOJI HAI|II{ CTOJIbI
feminine HAIIIA, BAIIA JIAMÍA JIAMIIbI
neuter Baüe or(Ho BAIUI| OmA
4 3rrdr J\i 1959 25

Yporc
mpemuü
Ex. 2. Read, paying attention to the intonation.

9ro Ham cHH. Oro Haua MaMa.
9ro rama KoMHara.Ero raunr üKaOu. gro naru cry.n.
Who is it? What is it?

vro (uro)
Kro sro? {ro ero?*
Oro Canra.
ã.---
(4iEJr40È-é
&
2 2 2
9ro sro? rfro arol Irro raml
1 I
vrÍ ,y'l
I
ero uamrna, 3ro uaurnxnr- ,Tr
Ia oxno- Ty n *.çr1.
car cars window cupboards
K'ro aro? b-, -}

'(_- Kro aro?
Dro {xoH. t7 I
ero,{xyu.
Ex. 3. Read the dialogue,paying attention to the intonation.
26
Vporcmpemuú
2ll 1
- Kax Bacsoryr? - Om naurcbrn,Cartra.9ro Maua.
112 11
- Arsa. Ilran. A KaKBacaoByr? - A ero saavvxvrrm,Amox.
1 21
- ,{xox. Ã:rytr. A f,ro 9ro? - Mu gsaxourr.
Voiced and YoicelessConsonants

Russianconsonantsmav be voiced and voiceless.You know some of
theseconsonantsalready.
Voiced 6 n r n xr MHJID
voiceless nÒr r IIr c
As you can see the voiced consonantsr, M, E, p have no pairs. In

speechthe pairedsoundsmay passfrom one to another"losing", or "gaining"
voice. Thesechangesdependon the position of a sound in a word and on
neighbouring consonants.
1. Voiced consonantsare pronouncedas voicelessat the end of the
word:
câÃ [car] a garden
Hox lnourl a kntfe
rury6 [rc.nynl a club
2. Voicedconsonantsbecomevoiceless
beforevoicelessconsonants:
.nóxrca[.nóurrctl a spoon
3. Voicelessconsonantsbecome voiced before all voiced consonants
except.r, M, n, p, B:
norsán [rnrrá.nl a railway station
KaKBacsoqír [xar rar rnnfr] what k your name?
9ToaamÃoM[9rl nax,qonr] thisis our house
4. Before Jr, M, E, p and r the voicelessconsonantsare pronouncedas

voiceless:
c.nóno[urósrl a word
5. The consonantr, M, H, p are pronouncedas voiced before the
voicelessconsonants;they don't havevoiceless counterparts:
6írxa [6Í.rrrcrl roundbread
6. It is important not to confuse the voiced consonants with the
voicelessconsonantsbecausethey often diÍïerentiatethe meaningof the words:
6opr - nopr aside-aport Èasa- Oasa avase- aphase
xap - trap hit - aglobe mÃ - Kor ayear - a cat
z7
Ex. 4. Read.
1t
9ro namÃou. Oro sam cror.
9ro nau c44. gto rama lo:m<a.
Oro nam nrry6. Bor sa uox.
Ex. 5. tnok at the picture. What is Sashaand Antony saying,when
showingtheir room to John and Jane.
Ex. 6. Look at the picture. What is Masha saying, when showing her
school and classroom to John and Jane?
tnxó;ra ,qocú
school blackboard
28
Ypoxmpemuü
úlhu, Qú,k,or*, a.ugt,(r^q

frtu, ozce,
,,tw; Jy'ürc,
cÍtn, wy, ??cu; .Jurrmú, uÍf,,t(tr, 0{a,4(t0, 0{6l,trra,
o{a/uL(t, fra*t, 6q*ra, /ra,orrn, 6onuw. 9or* *oo
tro..4L. 9^, ,*rr* Íto"0ttuanL(2.97(o,^, omrL urgr.

9** r*orro annú,.,tít.g)"r, ouríu.,r'Lrarc. 9ío,*
Homework
L Put the pronouns [artr, xaüa, Ba[r, BaIua,traue, Ba[e, Hatm, Balrrrl
beforethesewords:
MocKBa,caÃ, oKHo,Hox, Borra, naüa, Anna, urxa$u, JroxKa,
ÃoM, KoMHara, MaIITI{Ha, cbIH, oKHa, uxon (school)
2. Make theseplural:
BAIII CTOJI, HaUI CaÃ, HAIUa MatUIIHa, BaIUa KOMHaTa, BaÌIIe OKÌiO.
3. Write the genderof thesenouns:

c;roro, uxaQ, IIrKoJIa, Icracc, cbIH, JroxKa, KoMHara, oKHo,
MAITI,IHA, MÍÌJIbIII.
4. Transcribe:
JroxKa, BoK3aJI, MaIrIIiHa, caÃ, IIrKoJIa, r<.,ry6,clono, nox.
Who is this? This is our son, small child Antony. What is your name?
(My name is) Alla. We are acquainted.What is this? This is our school. Here is
our garden.There is our hôuse.This is our room.
6. Write Russianand English names.
7. Crossout superÍluouscharactersto readthe latent here words:
K___c c ___o K_____a u__$ ru _a
8. You want to describea houseor a room. What known Russianwords
would you use?Write them.
9. Translate the words and write them down in the picture under the
numbers.
room (1)
windows (2)
house(3)
garden(4)
10.Write new words in alphabeticalorder in the specialnotebook.

Ypox uemeeomuú
I.esson4. YPOKqETBEPTbIIï
The Hard Consonant

p [p]
The Russian hard consonant ipl is produced by the vibration of the
tongue which gives seriesof taps against the front of palate. The tip of the
tongue is not toumed backwardsunlike the English sound rendered by the
letter "r" in the words"reit", "right,'.
Ex. l. Read:
wpo mornmg Ãpyr, friend cropr sport
6ptr brother troÃpíra fumd (Í) xypìáÍ maga1ine
mpí caviar
Ex. 2. Readthe sentences.
Make thesesentences
interrogative.
I I
Ero nam6par. gro naur4pyr.
I 'l
Oro nanr õpar Anron. 9m sa gpyr Maxc.
I
9ro namarroÃpyra.
1
Om saua lo,qpyraÁi.rna.
30
Vporcuemeepnani
The Hard Consonantq [q]

The sound [u] is a compiex sound, an affricate. At the beginning of the
articulation the front part of the back of the tongue is pressedagainstthe upper
teeth. At the next moment the tongue is removed from the teeth forming a
narrowing. These elements of the articulation immediately follow each other
producing one complex sound [q]. The consonant [q] resemblesthe English
sound in "boots". The consonant [q] is voicelessand hard in all positions.
Ex. 3. Read.
u a - q a -q a a |l -au- aq
qo-qo-uo o q -o{ - oq * ;* t
q y - u y - {y y[-y u- yq rre [u3]
qü - qr - ün [q51] Irq -r |q- m l
t l b r - q h l -u b r
q e ' q e - q e [u 3 ] 9q-3q-eq
Ex. 4. Read the syllables, words and the sentences.Differentiate the

prononciation of [r], [c] and [a].
c a - T a -q a
€-T3-q9
cbr-Tb|-qbl
TaHqbl dances
cqeHa stage
qnpK circus
KOEqepT
qelrrp
concert
centre
9ro ui6. Bm cuéxa.T!"r xoruépr. A rau rânuu.

M
Ex. 5. Pay attention to the intonation.
2
9ro bro?
1
Oro poea.
3l
Vpoxvemeepmotú
2
Kro ero?
I
Oro pu6a.
The Third IntonationalConstructiontIK-3

LIK-3 is most vividly seen while expressing the question in the
interrogativesenteflceswithout an interrogativeword.
^
The pre-stressedpart is pronounced on the normal pitch. We begin to
pronounco the stressedpart on a higher pitch than tlìe unstressedone. This
specific feature of IIK-3 presents great diffrculty for foreignen. Within the
centre of IIK the pitch beginsto fall. The post-stressedpart is pronounced on a
lower pitch. The answer can be short or full. As we see in the full answer tho
centre of.llK-l changesdependingon the centre of IIK-3 in the question.
gro no4pyna?,{a, sro troÀpyrtr.,{a, no4pyra.

[a.
The shifting of the cenrre of IIK-3 changesthe meaning of the question
and the centre of IIK-I in the answer:
3 3
- Oro nag 6par? - gro .nanl6par? .
I
-,{a, ero nam 6par. -.{a, ero nam 6par.
(Or: No, this is ourfriend) (Or: No, this ís myfriend's brouther)
Ex. 6. Read:
3r1l
a) 9ro 6par?.{,a,.ero6par. .{a, 6par.
gro apyr?.{a, ero Ãpyr.Àa, Ãpyr.
Oro cux?.{a, ero cHx. [a, cun.
3tl
6) 9ro ram 6par?.{a, 6par.
9ro sanrorn? .{a, cun.
9ro ram Àpyr?Ãâ, Ãpyr.
3l
Vpox uemeepmuú
3
B) Á'.IUIA ÃOMa? ,la, A;lra gonra.
,{a, ona4oua.
,{a,4oua.
ll
Oua Ãarno ÃoMa?Ã4, pa;r;Ão.(long ago, long since)
311
r) Brl 3traKolrbr? Ãa, MbrsxaKouhr.
3
- 9ro ltrypa?
11
- Ãa, IIIypa.
3
- Ero llpa?
11
- !2, VIpt.
1 I
gro IIIypa. 9m I,Ipa.
Names: IIIypa (m) pet nameof Alexander
vpa (f) pet name of Irina
Towns: Eparcr, Canrapxan4
Riven: Arrapa, Arrryp
Ex. 7. Readthe wordsand the dialogue,payingattentionto the intonation:
pasnoBop convenation Topr cake cbrp cheese
ôpvrtu fruít yrKe already motrcro milk
Ão6poe yrpo! Good morning 3aarpatr breakfast
Paororop
2
-,{o6poe yrpo!
22
-,,[o6poe yrpo! ,{xyn, Bu yxe
3
snarolìõr?
ll
- ,[a, urr yxe gnaxouu.
11
Dro IIIypa. 9ro IIpa.
122
- A rm naü BaBïpar. ,{xyn, rro
gro?
5 3rÍ!3 ]& l!59 JJ

I
- 9ro pú[6a.
I
- Ãa.
22
- .{xon, a ero qro?
112
- 9ro rxpa. A em cup. A sro sm?
l1
- gro ropr. A ero Qpyrrrr.
2
- Eparo,flxyr!
1
- A ero roQe?
11
- ,[a, ero rorfe. A Bor MoJroKo.
IIK-2 is usedwhile expressing the addressexclamation.The rise of the

pitch in the stressed
part is vividly expressedhere.
%% *,(4oWtri*(4egF gpp/U
p"4t4* %Vor^,ilW,
ctMfuM, /^rt, (4eH/nF,
(4t45n.
9^, G,,M.%nL tbiln. 97ú:
Homework
l. Write the Russiannames.
2. Divide thesenouns into masculine,feminine, neuter genders:
6par, cup,.rroÃplra,rtrt,rpK,
r{Kpa,ueuTp,crlena,paeronop,I4p-
rytcr, pu6a, Aurapa.
3. Transcribe:
rIeHTp,cbru, MoJroKo,ur4pK,arponoM(agronomist),
yrpo, Hox,
rroÃpyra,Ãpyr, caÃ,uauto (butter\.
4. Answerthe questions:
Kro sro? 9ro Baur 6par? On arponou?
J+
- What is your name?
- Max. And your?
- John. Is this your friend?
- Yes, this is my friend Ivan.
6. Write known to you Russianwords, meaningfood.
7. Fill in the necessaÍycharactersto read following words:
M O.C D.M O.K E.T T
8. Translate the words and write them down in the oicture under the
numbers:
1) magazin
2) knife
3) fish
4) breakfast
9. Write new words in alphabeticalorder in the specialnotebook.
5*
Iesson5. yPOK ILflTbIIi
The Hard Consonantx [x]
If you pronouncethe sound [rl and then slightly rower the back of the
tonguekeepingit rounded,the sound [x] will be produced.The Russiansound
[x] is voiceless.
Ex. l. Read:
3
K a-x a-x a-âx - TYr xo;roÃno? xonoÃHo cold
r O-X O:X O-OX r1
K y -x y -x y -y x - Ãa, ryr xonoÃtro.
K e-x e-x e-3x
3
- 9ro xoporno? xopomó well
1
- 9m nroxo. IIJIOXO bad
The Soft Consonantü [ü]

The Russianconsonant- [ü] resemblesthe Englishconsonantrenderedby
the letterY in the words'yes', *yout, ,,youÌr.
tüI
Ex. 2. Read:
H aü-aü
Y
" uoft my (m) rsoü your (m)
uoü 30nT rnoü SOHT
Vpoxnnnotú
Ãafi ÃoMóü home
t"1
ar -aÁ Mofi - Moí ny (síng.,pl.)
t"l.
TBOü . TBOII your (sing.,pl.)
3
- gro uoü Àpyr MaKc. - Dto rroü 6par?
11
- 9ro. uoü 6par Arron. - Ãa, ero noü 6parArrox.
The letter ü at lhe end of the syllabledenotesthe feeblesound[z].
Exercises
l. Give the questionsKIO OTO? and9TO 9TO?

a) ero Mocroa. Oro qenrp. Oro qupr. Oro 6par. 9ro rcyr. 9ro a{norar.
6) 3ro uaur.uou.9ro HarraKoMHara. Oro uorï 6par Caura.A gro Maura.
2. Give the plural of the words:
KOMHaTA, CTOJT,CTAKaH, àrypHaJI, JIAMITa, BA3A, pO3A, 3OHT,
MÍUIIIIHA, CIIeHA, arpOHOM, TOpT, IIIKOJIa, ArISOKAT, KOHrIepT.
3. Pur MOIï - MOÍI. TBOü - TBOII beforethe words:

... po3br,... Ãpl.T,... ÃoM,
... 6par, ... x(ypH.urbr,
... cTaKaH,... 3aBTpaK,.., gxaKaHbr, ... Hox, .,. HoxI4,
... MÍuIÉIru,
... MallblunÍ,...MarÌrlr{Hbr,...
urxa(!, ... ror.
4. Put OH, OIIA or OHO:
Oro nana. ... ÃoMa.
9ro rvrorïÀplr IIIypa. ... aÃBoKar.
9ro naura [oÃpyra l'Ipa. ... 4orr.la.
Bo:r naur Hox. ... T5.r.
Bor raura Jro)KKa.... Tvr.
JI
L,etters Ã, e, ro, e
The vowel letters s, ë, rc, e are pronounced in two ways:
l. As the names of these letters, in the separate position, at the
beginning of a word, after a vowel and after the letters: th" letters l, ë, ro,'
e denote two sounds: [ü] and the correspondingvowel [üa], ", "
[üo], tftyl, Iüel.
2. The stressedfl, ë, tro,e following a consonaÍrtare pronouncád ãs
[a1,
[o], [y], [e] respectively,but the precedingsoft consonant lãnds them u ,p""ioí
soft quality. Don't pronounce the consonant [ü] in these syllables!
Ex. 3. Read:
a) 4 é, to, e [üa], [fio], [üyì, [ügl n) nror [unüa] my (mine) _ feminine
n - I (me) nroë [unüo] - neuter
6) r6.roxo apple TBofl your - feminine
r eM I eat rr;oë (yours) _ neuter
ëlxa New Tear tree
IOpa Yura
The letter ë denotes always the stressedsyllable.

2
r) - {aü nãxr,noxaryücra! a) - Ãaü,,noxaryücra,
lbno*ot
- Iloxanyücra ! - Iloxalyicm!
Giveme the knife,please! Give me the apple, please!
Pronounst anll 2 personsSingular

Possessive
Personal Possessive
Pronouns
Pronounce
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Ã
Tbt TBoücron TBO-Í JIAMtrA TBOE OKHO
Plural
fl MOrr cToJtbl MOI| NAMII T MOI| Ot(Ita
Tbl TBOII CTOJIbI TBOI| JIAMtrbI TBOII OIüIA
- . - Th" possessive pronouns take the gender and number of the nouns
which they quality. The pronounsMorr,Tlor are usedfor prurarof all genders
Ex. 4. Readthesewords:
uoü lana MOÍ MAMA MOE OKHO - MOII OKHA
uoü cun MOr trOÃpyra

rnoü õpar TBO' Jtoìfl(a TBOe OKHO- TBOrr Otrüa
rroü 4pyr TBO' KOMHATA
38
payindattentionto IlK-l and IIK-2:
Ex. 5. Readthe sentences,
22
- Km sro? - I[m sm?
I I
- Om Moücuu. - 9ro moü soET.
Ex. 6. Read,payingattentionto the intonation.
322
-
a) 9ro rnoü cun? 6) - [Ipa, xro em?
1111 I
-,{a, ero uoü cnn.,[a, cull. - 9ro uoü 6par.
3 2
- gro rrofi,upyr? - Kax ero soryr?
1r Whatis his name?
-,{a, eto uoü 4pyr.
2 I
- Km rBoü Ãpyr? - Ero roryr IOpa.
I His nameis Yura.
- 0u arponou. (agronomist)
2 3
n) - A;ua, KToero? r) - K)pa arpouonr?
1 11
- 9ro lror troÃpyra. - Ãa, trOpaârpoxoM.
2 z)
- Kar eë zonyr?Wat is hername? 4) - Marc, Bu arpoxou?
I t
- Eë soryr VIpa. Her nameis lra. - .f, arpouou.
3 3
- llpa acrpoxonr?(astronomer) e) - IIIypa, Bu aruoxar?
ll 1l
- Ãa, IIpa acr?onoM. - Àa, aÃroxar. (advocate)
Ex. 7. Readthe dialogue.

r cJry|llaro I am listening Paseoaop.Maua u Mawa.
q rrgy Ãoruoü I am going home - Arr'rro!
rx(ry I am waiting tl
- Ãa, s cJryrüalo.
2l
- Marra, sto x.
Name: Iopa I
Ea,Ãa.
Towns: 6yxapa,Êary, Ítna - 11
- Marr,ra,s lrÃy Ãotuoü.

Rivers: ,{ynaü (Dunabe) 11
- Xoporuo,Maua, r >r,4y.
39
The Hard StemAdjectives.(What kind of... xaxoü, xaxar, xaxoe)
Singular
masculine feminine neutef
xaxoü? xaxar? Kaxoe?
xoshrü -rrü HOEaÍ -aÃ HOBOE -oe
6o.mnroü -oü 6orlnraq -àfl. urJrbmoe -oe
. noruü ypox HOBAÍ OYI(BA HOBOe C,IOBO
6olrnroü aou OOJIb|ÍAÍ KOMHATA ooJlbtt|oe o|(Iro
QuestionandAnswers
1. Kaxoüoro xrypnan? llhat kind of magafineis this?
9ro nonuü xypflan. Thisis a newmagaline.
Kaxaqero nauna? Wat kind of lampis this?
9ro nogaxrauna. Thisis a newlamp.
Karoe ero cloro? Wat kind of wordis this?
gto noroe groro. This is a new word.
2. KaxoüTaMMosr? Wat bridgeis there?
Talr nonnü uocr. Thereis a newbidge.
Kaxaxrau naMna? Whatlamp is there?
Talr noras rauna. Thereis a new lamp.
Kaxoerau oxxo? What windowis there?
Tam6olrmoe oxno. Thereis a large window.
An adjective answersthe question xaroü, xaxal, xaxoe ,,what?,,. ,,what
kind of ...?", which agreewith the noun that it quaiifiesin gender, number arrd
case.In the nominative singularmasculineadjectiveshave an unst;essedendins
-uü or a stressedending -oü:
nonuü Àom _ 6ollmoü ÃoM
HoBêg yn[qa - 6omüaq yr[{a
HoBOq oxrro - 6onrntoe oxno
In the masculine adjectivesafter the hard consonantsE, x the stressed
ending -oü and unstressedending -nü are written as: 6o*moü
- xopo'ruü.
The neuter adjectives take the endings -oe and -ee: 6oannoe
- *opo,ua..
Feminine adjectives have the ending -ar: 6ommac - xopolrrafl.
FunctionsofAdjectivesin a Sentence
In the sentence the adjective may be used as an attribute (a) or a
predicate (6). An adjectiveused as an attribute usually standsbefore
the noun it
qualifies:
a) 9ro 6ommar KoMEara. 6) Koruxaraõo.trmar.
It is a large room. Theroom is large.
Eo,rrmax KoMHararaM. Mor xouna.ra6o,rrmas.
The large room k there. My room is large.
40
Pay attention to the omission of the equivalentof the English verb "to
be" in the presenttense.
Ex. 8. Read the sentences,paying attention to the gender of the
adjectives.
9ro 6orruras crpana (counlry). 9ro 6o.ururoü ropo4. (town) 9ro
nonrrfi ropog. Ero craprú ropoÃ. Oro HoBasInKoJra.Oto crapa,r
ruKoJra.9ro 6omruoü 4oIra.9ro craprrü Ãou' Oro nonrrü Ãolr. 9ro
6omrua,s KoMHara.Dro 6olruróe orcro. 9ro 6olluroü crol. 9ro
HoBaJI JraMna.9ro nosrrü xlpnan. Ero 6olsuroü craKau.
Ex. 9. Answerthe questions.
Karas gro crparla? Kaxorï sro ropol? Karax 3ro ülKgra? Karoü sro
Ãoilr?Karas sro roMnara? Kaxoe ero orno? Karoü sro ctor? KaxaÍ
9ToraMna? Karoü ero )KypHan?Kaxoü gro craKau?
Ex. 10. Make the sentencesinterrogativeusingthesewords.Model ex.9:
urxa$, urxola.
caÃ,Mocr, cJroBo,Topr, 16:roro, MaIITI'IHa,
Ex. 11.Readthe sentences. Put the questionsand answerby model.
Model: - Kro ero? - 9ro uoütHoBbIüÃpyr.
- Kar ero 3oByr?- Ero sonYrIOPa.
- 9ro IraoüÃpyr IIIypa. Oro uos no,qpyraI4pa.
i, fl,n, f*, 6ë, ,ffi*, Nqrxr@,rt^//a&o,

'fl "* "t"r*. 'fl ugg ga"rcü.
çon*, i1.,úfla,.
9*o -ilnü{/*r* 8* N'y* ,7CV-
Homework
l. Definethe genderof nouns:
ropr, cnoBo,lOpa,6par, Hox' BoÃa'
16roro, apyr, ënra, MoJroKo,
2. Replacethe words HAIII, BAItr by the words NfOü, fSOü:
Balua KoMHaTa, HaIII ÃOM, Ha[ra Ma[I]IHa' BaÌII Ãpyr, BalIIe cnoBo.
3. Put the questionscorrespondingto theseanswers:
6 3!sa. l$ 1959 4l
9ro DrosfloÃpyra. Eë eonyr Ma:ua. gro rr.roü.{pyr. Ero :onyr
IOpa.
4. Make plural:
HaIIr caÃ, Moü xypnar, BarrraKoMlrara, Ttsoëolcro, BaIIre
cJroBo.
5. Transcribe:
XoJIO.$IO, XOpOIIIo, KoMrIATa, fiOÃpyra, JIoXKâ, CaÃ,
MonoKo, Ãp]h.
a) This is Moscow.This is a centre. I am goinghome.Tnis is my
house.
Thesearemy windows.This is my room.
6) This is our school. This is our classroom.Ìwhat is this?
This is our
table. who is this? This is my friend. what is his name? His
name is sastra.
Who is this? This is my friend. What is her name?Her name
is Ira.
X * ----o, x-__. o, M_ -__a, c___o.
8' Translatethe words and write them down in the picture
under the numbers:
1) friend (f)
2) friend (m)
3) agronomist
4) advocate
9. Write new words in alphabetical order in the special

notebook.
Lesson6. YPOK IIIECTOIï
TheSoftConsonants
[6'], [n'1,[n'1,[Ô'1,[nr'],[n'1,[r'], h'l
In the syllables Ha, Tar Àar 64, na, na, $a, ua the consonalÌtsare hard.
In the syllables wÃ,TÃ,M, 6fl, 1Ã, niÃ,Sr, rux the consonantsare soft.
When pronouncing hard consonants the back part of the tongue is
drawn back and raise as for the vowel [u]. That is why we can say that Russian
hard consonants have "H" - like hue. Soft consonants differ from hard
consonants in pronunciation by some additional articulation: the middle part of
the tongue is raised to the palate and the whole tongue is a bit protruded. After
soft consonantswe write letters r, ë, rc, e, n, and r. The tip of the tongue is
lowered. In transcription the softnessis denoted by ['].
na [ua] rur [u'a]
rrro[mo] - uë [u'o]
My [Ì'íy] - uro [u'y]
ue [me] - ue [u'e]
ruu [nru] - ntr [nr'u]
hardconsonants u 6 n n 0ar H 3 c n p l<rx x( |nq
soft consonants M'6'[tBtQtÃtT'H'3'c',ï'p'K'f'x' ---üq' l l '
Ex. 1. ListenJ compare the pronunciation of the hard and soft

consonants.
a) xa - nr, Ta - Ty', Ãa.- M, 6a - 6s, Irâ - trr, Ba - BÍ,

0a - ôs, Ma - Mr, 3a - 3r, ca - cr, pa - pÍ, Jra - Jrr.
6) rur - fin, Tbr - Tn, Ãu - Àn, 6u - 6n, nu - trn, Bbr- Bn,
0n - Õn, Mbr- Mn, 3br - 3n, cbr - crl, pbr - prl, Jrbr- JrH.
Ex. 2. Read. Watch the position of the tongue, when pronouncing the
soft consonants.
II'-HE -Hrc-HE -HII KHITA book

rr-'rë-Tn-Te-Trl Tearp theatre
ln-r;é-Ã ro-Ã e-Ã n ÃeTrl children
HET NO cTyÃerff student (m)
He not cïyÀelrrKa student (fl
they
43
Ex. 3. Read these dialogues,paying attention to the intonatron.
3
a) - 9ro xnnna?
l1
- Hel, sto Her<Hrrra.
ll
9ro rrypnal. A ror xrura.
3
- gro Baua xlrura?
1t
- [,a, uor.
6) - IIIypa, Bu mylenr?
l1
- Ãt, s cryÃenr.
3
- Ílpa cryaenrxa?
11
- [a, oxa roxe cryÃeHTK
a. (r6xe _ atso)
TheNegativeAnswersto the euestionwith I{K_3

The negative partic]e "HE' ìs unstressed and is attached in
.
pronunciation to the word which follows it.
a) - 9ro rotua? Is this a book?
- Het, ero Hexnura. No, this is noí a book. (No, it is not).
õ) - On cryÃerÍr?' Is he a sÍudent?
- H9r, on HecryÃenT. No, he is not a síudent.
Ox yxe a,lr3oxar. He is an advocatealreatlv-
a) - gro rre Baruaxmtra, a Mos. This is not your book. It-ismine.
r) - 9ro ne Àpyr, a 6par. This is not a friend, but a brother.
_.2 No, it is not ...

HET
' \ yes,...
- 9ro xypnalr? Is it a magazine?
- Her. No, ü isnl.
- Hm, ero HexryprraJt. No, it isn't a magaTine.
- 3ro ue xrypHaJr? Isn't it a magazine
?
Y:tf! it a magaline. (yes, it ilJ.
44
Vpox u.ecmoú
Ihe Letter "r"
The ietter r (soft sign) indicatesthe softnessof the preceding consonant. In the
transcription the softnessof the consonantis denoted by ['].
6par a brother 6parr Ío take MacJro a butter trrcbMo a letler,
After the consonantsbefore the letters Í, ë, ro, e, rl the soft signs
shows that the preceding coirsonant is soft and these vowel letters are
pronouncedas two sounds:[üa], [üo], [ry], [fte] and [üu].
MbÍ [m'üa] rurë [m'fio] urro [m'fty] nte [nr"üe] urn [u'ür]
Ex. 4. Differentiate the consonantsin these syllables.Pay attention to
the oronunciation of the svllablesrc - Tbr.
ar - arb [ar'l Ta - Tt - TIit - TbÍ
[ra] ['r'a] [r'nüa] [r'üa]
or - orb [or'l To - rë - rrrë - rrë
[ro] [r'o] [r'uüo] [r'üo]
yr - yÌb [yr'] Ty - Tto - Tnrc - Tbro
tryl [r'y] [r'dy] [r'üy]
gr - grb [er'] T3 -Te - TI|e - Tbe
lrsl [r's] [r'nüs] [r'üe]
lr - nrb [nr'] Tbr - Tlt - THn - Tbtl
[rn] ['r'xì [r'nu] [r'ün]
In pre-stressedsyllables the lettea I, e &Íe pronounced as the sound
resemblingboth [n] and [e], In transcription it is denoted ['n].
re.re$ón [r'n",r'rSoí] a telephone

cecrpá [c'xcr:pál a sister
ceurí [c'un'üá] a family
,qpcqrb [À'óc'nr'] ten
In the post-stresssyllables"s" is read as [rl, a very short sound

resemblingthe sounds[a] and [u].
rërr ar'.'nl an aunt
MM ' an uncle
[a'ú'rì
Ex. 5. Read these words. Nouns which ending is "b" may be euther
mascuüneor feminine. Their gender must be memoúe d.
masculine feminine
ÀeHb a day TerpaÃb a copy-book
Ãenr! Good MATb a mother
45
cBaÃb0a(wedding)
cBaÃb6a mars (mother), Terra(children),
oreg (father), cenw (family)
Ex. 6. Read the sentencespaying attention to the intonation.
2l
- Kax Bacsonyr?- Menr ronyr Tarrsxa.
2tl
Kro ero?- 9ro uox marn.9ro moüoreq.
3113r
- Oro Bamulenr? -,{a, ero MonÃern.Hnxo.laüu Baanu.
311
- Oro Bam 6par? - Her, 9ro Moü cllH.
2
-.4 rro ero?
31
- 9ro uor rêlx (aunt) t uoít nnls funcle).
3
- 9ro rama cegma?
lll
- .{a, cecrpa.Eê ooryr Huna.
Y nac Ãr 6par? Have you gor a brother?

1l
.{a, y nrexr ecrl õpar. yes,I have.
I
Ero roryr Baarru. IIis name is Vadim.
3
V re6r esrb cecrpa? Haveyougota sister?
ll
.{a, y nenr ecrb cecrpa. yes, I have.
I
Eë soryr H[üa. Her nameis Nina.
46
Vpox u'recmoü
The Verbs. The TensesofYerbs

Russianverbs have the pressnt tense, the past tense and the future tense.
Russian verbs belong to one of two principal conjugations: the first "e"-
conjugation and the second "tt"-conjugation. The veús of first "e"-
conjugation take on the letter "e" in the present tense endings -y (-ro), -erul,
-er, -eM, -ere, -yr(-ror:). The verbs of second "u"-conjugation take on the
Ietter "n" in the presenttenseendings:-y(-rc), -[rrlb, -nr, -nM, - Te, -ar(-ar).
Many Russianlst conjugationverbsareconjugatedon the patternof 3HATb (to
know); for ex. IEIIATb (to do), PAEOTATb (to work). Many Russian 2nd
conjugationverts are conjugatedon the pattem of IOBOPIITb. It is neceSsary
to remember the pattem of the every verb, because the 1st and 2nd
conjugations have many pattems: 3HATb, IIIICATb (to write), EPATb (to
take), TAHIIEBATb (to dance), ÃABATb (to give) are the verLrs of lst
conjugation, but they have many features.
The presenttense of the Russianverb cortespondsto the English Presont
Indefnite, PresentContinuos and PresentPerfect.
The Conjugation of the Verb SHATb (to know'1.The Present Tense
q sHaro [üa 3Hary] MbrBHaeM [nrtr snalunr]
Tbrgnaeüb [rn snarnru'] Bbr3naere [mr snalnrn]
O H\ ourr gHarcT [oH'n ruanyr]
) snaer [snanrr ]
olz /
oHo
In the unstressedsyÌlablesafter vouwel the letters ro and e are [uy] and
[{nl
Ex. 7. ReadtlÌesesentences.
3
1) - Bu snaere,KTo gro? (Tu rnaeun, xro eto?)
l1 I
- Ãa, q 3rraro,xro ero, 9r:o Bla4lunp.
lll
(fla, snarc. 9ro Blaanrunp.)
3232
2) - Bu He3naere,rro sro? (Tu xe eiraem, xro ero?)
11
- 3uan, ero B.la4nunp.
3232
-
3) Bu glaere, rro on? (Tu rHaenrn,rro oH?)
11
- 3Haro, B,nagunrup - )t(ypxanncr.
3232
4) - Bu He3uaere,rro oN?(Tu ne snaeml,xro ox?)
11
- 3xaro. 0n xypna,rucr.
47
Ex. 8. Readand comparethesesentences.
l1
l) .fl uraro, KToero. 9ro Bnaanrunpllnanon.
31
Í rnaro, / rro sm Bna4nnrupIIsaHor.
1t
Í tnaro, Kro oH. Ou rrypnamrcr.
3t
.fl snaro,,/ vro Baagunnrp)xïpn:urncr.
1t
2) fl, waro,Kro ero. gro umenep.
31
.fl snarc, / rm ero ffixenep.
l1
.Í suarc,KaKero ronyr. Ero soryr Hrxolaü.
31
Í snarc,/ vro ero soryr Hnxo;raü.
l1
Í snalo,KaKem Sarun.nnr. Ero eaunnnr llsanon.
31
.fl Buaro,/ uro ero eanmnnxllrauon.
Imperativeof the verbs
Singular plural
Ãaü! give! 4aüre! swe!
sgpancrnyü!how do you do! qgpaBcrlyine! how do you do!
usrusrl! excuse! ngrunure! excuse!
cxaxcr.! Íell! say! cxarxnre! tull! say!
soir'Ãri! camein! noüame! comein!
Ex. 9. Readthesesentences, paylngattentionto the intonation.
321
a) - noxa;ryücra, rrJDHar ,,MocKBa"!- Iloxanyücm!
.{aüre _rrme,
I
- Cnacu6o.(Thanlcs)
2211
6) - Cxaxnre, noxa.tyücra, rÀe Meryo?- Merpo rau. - Cnacn6o.
3311
- Ilsnmnre, noxalryficra, sro Baurar<rnra?-.{a, uor.
Names: Tamrna (D flerp (m)
%Tt, gl,u,crn,6a,-,u^n,
fru, *., 6ë,gr", vtn,-tLeo,
9T**o*,9(a
48
Vponuecmoú
Homework
l. Transcribe:
lralra, rëu, Tarraua, flërp, cnopr,4aüre, noü1ure.
2. Selectthe nouns accordingtheir masculine,feminine or neutre gender:
xypHÍur, cTaTbr, ÃqÃq, MeTpo, KHI,Ira, ceMbt, rloÃpyra.
3. Give the plural of the words:
rërR, xouuara, cror, Maut4Ha,Kapra,Tearp.
4. Put MOü or MO.ÍI beforethe words:
KoMHara,ceMÉr,ÃoM,Kuura,crarbq (article),Marb,TerpaÃb,oreu.
5. Here is the dialogueof the two persons.Put their replics in order:
- Ãa, s 3Haro,Kro gro. - Ero sonyr IOpa.- Oro cry4enr.
- Trr ne 3HaeÌIIr,,rro ero? - Ero cry4eur? - Kar ero sonyr?
6. Crossout superfuousecharactersto readthe latent herewords:
rÃ IotMarbÃ o.ã
B orerrc ev rs ë
6parebrÃ erIrIo
BHMCeCTpayC

T_..-9, C ___fl, O__q, c_____T, T_____b.
8. Write new words in alphabeticalorder in the specialnotebook.
7 3rs.r lÊ 1959
Vporcceòuaoú
Lesson7. YPOK CEÃbMOIï

The Soft Consonant[ir,]
In order to prorÌounce [.t'] one should raise the middle part
of the
tongu€ very high to the palate as..forsounds or [u]. Wfren fistening; tlú
[ü]
sound you find it more soft than ,,European',
l/1.
Ex. l. Read the syllablesand comparethe sounds
[.1] and [,r,]:
Jra - JIr, .no - lë, ny _ Jrrc, Jr9_ Jte, rbt _ Jrtr,
_
Íur - aJrb, oJt oJIb, yn _ ynb, ruI _ [Jrb, 3Jt _ gjrb
Ex. 2. Read the syllablesand words.
a - Jrfl - JrÃ Jta _ JrÍ _ Jtb,
;re -le -lë lo _.në _ lnë
Jrm - JI|O - JI|O JIy _ nrc _ nbro
JIe - J|e - JIe Jt9 _ Jte _ Jrbe
JIII - JIII . JIII TbI - JITI
aJrb _ oJIb _ ynb _ enb - l|nb
crolíqa capÌÍal
yn Ia SÚCCT
Ilerep6ypn petersburg
2
.rfrooxTr, to like, to love
r .mo6.r6 I hke, I love
The Conjugationof the verbs JIIOEI,ITb.

The presentTense
n no6ttÁ nru .nó6rnr
t"r oó6um" nu .ró6nre
o'n ,ró6qr
;ffÈ'ou"'
Inanimate masculine and neuter nouns take the same
endrngs in the
accusativeas in the nomiDative.
Nominative Accusative
9ro ero? ![ro Bu .uo6ure?
9ro rearp. .fl ;rrc6;uorearp.
50
The AccusativeDenotingthe Direct Objectof NounsInanimate
Masculineand Neuter
9ro Bu .rrc6ure? Il'hat do you like?
Í ,nro6.nrorearp Ir KnHo. I like theatre and cinema.
Ex. 3. Read these sentences,paying attention to the intonation.
2
a) - 9ro Bu .nro6nreÃe.narn?
I
- Í nro6,rronerr. (sins)
I
- Í ,rn6aro rarüegaïb. (dance)
I
- Í .uo6rnorynrrb. (watk)
3
õ) - Bu no6nre rearp?
1
- Jln6.nn.
3
- Bu .nro6n'recnopr?
I
- Jlrc6.mo.
n) - .fl suarc,qro BH .mo6rre treTb, Tealp,
TaHUeBâTb, KIlHo,
IyJlÍTl,r CtrOpT.
The Soft Consonant

1p'1
Ex. 4. Read these syllables,words and dialogs.
rpn - pr - pr nonropí! repeat!
trorropíTe! repeat!
IIapíx Paris
rpro - pn - prl 6.namgapro rac thankyou
rfpb- spb anepr (f.) a door
clronápn(m.) a dictionary
3
- V Bac ecrl c,lorapr?
11
- .{a, ecrn.
3
- .{aüre une, noxa4yücra,clorapr!
I
- lloxaryücm!
I
- Eraro4aproBac!
5l
3
orKpoü! open!- Orrpoirre, noxa.ryücra,oxno!
I
orKpóüre! open! - Iloxa;ryücra!
I
- D.raro.qaprc!
31
3aKpóü! clgse! - Saxpoüre,noxa.ryÍcra, alepr! Tyr xonoÃxo.
saKpófire! close! I
- Iloxaryücra.
t
- Cnagr6o.
The Conjugationof the VerbXnrr (to tve).

QuestionI{E? (where?)
Ex. 5. Readthe wordsand sentences.
Leam this verb.
)KI,ITb.
PresentTense
r xüBy nu xnnëu
ru xnnêmr ru rcrrëre
OH
oHa ìorsër oru:nrnir
oHo
- Ige nu ìornëre? - I.qe ox xarrër?

- Í xrry ryr. - 0n xnnèr rau.
The Prepositionalof Nouns.

The PrepositionalDenotingplace. The euestion IÃE? (where?)
answerto the question$E? (where) adverbsof place TyT,
TAM,
ÃgMA or.nouns in the prepositionalcasev/ith the prepositìonB (i;;
at) areused: ".iIA
Iae ÍInan? }[nan Ãoua. Were is lvan? Ivan is at home.
fae r<nsër ú[ran? on runèr rau. wheredaesIvan ríve?He rivesthere.
Iae xnnër Anxa? Ona xornër n Mocxre. Ann livesin Moscow.
Iae onu? Ouri r rearpe. Theyare at thelheatre now.
The Endingsof the PrepositionalSingular
52
Vpoxceòunoú
n€ïE P6VPf
Ex. 6. Read those texts, paying attention to the prepositional of nouns.

13 11
a) Bor Mocxna.MocKBa- croJrrrqaPoccuu.A nor:Ilerep6ypr.
111
6) xlny B llerep6ypre,9ro naruaynnla. Bor narrÃoM.
Í
I
.f, mo6no llerep6ypr.
11
r) A r rorny n Tarmrue. .fl roxe nro6ntoHa[ ropoÃ.
New words: Poccírr-Russra íopot town

Ex. 7. Readthesedialogues,paying attention to úe intonation.
3
a) Bu xxnëre r Mocrre?
1l
- Her, r llerep6ypne.
3
6) - Bu 4arno rarnëre n llerep6ypre ? òaon6- for a long tíme
ll
- Her, uegalno. òaeno: neòôeuo- not longago
The Soft Consonant[c'], [c']

Ex. 8. Comparethe pronunciation of the hard and soft consonants:
ca- cÍ - cbt 3a-3t - 3bt Maxcínr masculine name
co - c ë - c rë s o-c ë - s r ë Poccírs Russia
cy - c|() - cbro 3y - 3t(,- 3bro yHr|Bepcl|Tgr a university
ce - ce - cbe ze -'le -!rc uyróü a mweum
cbr - cI| - cbH 3bt - 3lt - 3brr raSera a newspaper
ac - acb Ãpy3bt friends
yc - ycb
53
- Tanruyeef,.
Ex. 9. Read the dialogues.
2Z
-
a) Cxarure, norr&[yücra,.rro gro?
I
- MfY (eurey).
3
- Ilorropnre, uoxa.ryf,c.ra!
1
- gro nam püBepcf,Ter.
gro MfV.
I
- E laroaapro.
New word: Mfy _ abibr.

for MoscowState(íniversity
23
6) - Cxaecme,troxalyücra, 9Torocrnrm[a ,,Mocxra"?
11
- Her, sro nocrxlüqa ,,poccmo.
3
- l[srnxnre, troxanyücra.
I
- lfoxa.nyüqa.
New word: rocrnrulqa a hotel
\^
Ex. 10, Read the dialogues,paying attention to the intonational centre
of I4K.
22
- Maxcnu, rÀe Brl pa6oraere?
l2
- Ha sasoÃe,A r4e Bu pa6oraere',{lror?
I
-.f mxe pa6omto[a saBoÃe.
3
- Bu nmrenep?
1
-.lla.
I
-.fl roxe xEKeHep.
New words: saíor, a plant na caró,4eat a plant pa6óram - to work
a) Turn this dialogueinto the text. Model:

Menr eonfr Maxcnu. fl mny r Mocxró. Í pa6orarona garóÃe.
.f, umendp.
6) Answerthe questions,using the dialogue"a" :
Jlxon mnúr r JlouÃoxe?,llÃon m6nr Jlouaon? .{xon pa6óraet na

ganóae?A on nmenóp? ,,ll;ron n Maxcnu cuaróMu?Ãxon n MaxgrM Ãasno
gnaxónrn?Marcru typnct? (rypncr - a touristl Marcru xnrür n JloqÃone?
Marunu mrrêr r Lnarro? fÃe lmsër Marorru? Maxcnu xypna.nucr?
Marcnu pa6ó,raer n rasére? Ine pa6óraer Marcuu? Maruru ,urpértop?
(arperrop - a director,a manager)
payingattentionto the intonationalcentre
Ex. 11. Readthe sentences,
of lIK.
- V Bac ecm 6par? - Ã4, y uem ecrr 6Par.

- V Bac ecrr cecrpa?- Her.
- V Bac ecrr ,qpysrr?-,{a, ecrr.
- V Bac ecrb rasera"[paBAatt? - ,{a, ecm.
- V Bac ecrb rrypna:r "Mocxla"? - ,[a, ecrr.
Completethe dialogues.
- Kax eë roryr? - ...

- - ...
,{aüre, noxaJryücra?)ryPnalr.
- Kar ero rouyr?-...
- ... - Oro ttúrp n Hrmo.naü.
- ... - Bor, noxa.nyücra,BoSbMIrre. (nosrwo r,ossttwrcltake!)
55
Ex. 13. Readthe text. Answerthe questions.Speakaboutyourself.
Mos ceubs
Merr sonyr Marcnn. .[ nnxenep. Hama ceurr rcrsër n Mocree.

3131 3l
Mor uaru - 6no;ror. Moü oreq - Qusnx. V uexr ecm 6par rl cecrpa.
I
Orn cryaenru.
Newwords: trffieEep an engmeer

Snsnr a physicist
0IIOJIOT a brctogtst
l.) Kar Bac eonfr? 2) Kro Bn? 3) fae mnëtt Bima cenrrí? 4) Baua
uarr - a{noxár? 5) Bam orêq - uIurenêp? 6) V Bac ecm 6par? 7) V Bac
ecm cecrpâ?8) Bam 6par - cryaénr? 9) Bauracecrpá - cryÀénrra?
The Conjugationof the Verb pAEoTATb(Ío work\

The PresentTense
r px66ruo nrrr pa6óraeru
rbr pa6óraemn Bbr pa6Írraere
:i"\ Daoóraer onr pa6ríralor

ono
-/
Imperative
pa6orafi! pa6oraüre
. The PastTenseofthe Verb

The past Tense of Russianverbs expressesaction which took place in
the past (and doesnot continue at present).There is only one form of the past
tense in Russian.The Engüsh counterpartsof the Russianpast tense are the
PastIndefÌnite, the PastContinuous,the PresentPerfectand the past perfect:
pa6ora-rb*l-pa6ora,n (pa6marr- to work)

-Tb *r - xuJt (wnr - to live\
6rr-r * .r - 6ru (6wrs - to be
singular
masculine I on (r, ru) 6rur, nul, pa6oral
feminine I ona (r, trr) 6una, lcr.rra,pa6ora.ra
neuter I ono 6rr,lo, rcuo, pa6ora;ro
Of,II I MÉI. BhI
Past Tense verbs agree with subject of the sentençe gender and
number.
56
Vporcceòauoü
Ex. 14.Readthistext.Answerthequestions.
31313
Mu mnn B llerep6yprc.Moü oreq pa6oranna BaBoÃe.
Mor uarr
l1
pa6om;raB Mylee.Í pa6orarB [rxoJre.
l) Iae Bu mrn?
2) Irc pa6omaBamoreq?
3) I,qepa6oranaBaurauarr?
4) I,qeBn pa6ora;rn?
The Verb EhITb (to óe) in the Present and Past Tense
The verb EhITb is not used In the past tensethe verb EhITb
in the presenttense changesfor number and gender
Marr aoua. Mam 6uira aoua.
Crrn s mxore. Cnn 6nn B rtrKoJre.
.llefl s rearDe. ,lleru 6u.nnB Tearoe.
Ex. 15. Read the dialogues.Pay attention to the translation of the
questionIÃE BbI BbUII{? in English.
a) - Fne Bu 6u.uu? 6) - Iae Bu 6urn?
- Mu 6u;rnaoua. - f l6 u . n B q e lr r p e .
r) - IÃe Bu 6u.nn? r) - Brr 6ulu n rearpe?
- Mrr 6urn B rearpe. - Her, r uylee.
Ex.16. Read thesewords and dialogues.Make up the dialoguesusing
thesewordsand phrases.
xena a wfe xenár married(for man)
Wr{ husband sánryxeru married(for woman)
nn xenáru nrr oánryxeu
233
a) - An4peü,rrr xesar? r) - Bn xenaru, Bo.no4x?
11 11
-.{a, I xenar. - Her, r Herxenar,
2323
6) - Bepa, rll sau)'xeu? r) * Kar.r, Bu saul'xeÌu?
11 11
- Ãa, t 3a ryrxeM. - Her, r ne gauJrrreM.
Ex. 17. Readthe texts.Answerthe questionsabout the texts. Retell these
texts.
l l tl
a) 9ro uoü Ãpyr. Ero soryr l{ropr. On xeuar. On unxenep n pa6oraer
I
tra 3aBoÃe.
8 3!x!. ,Ê 1959
Vporcceòauoü
--.- Kro 3TO?

1- KaKeno3oB)"r?
-^^
CKNKI,ITE, --ì.- oHxe'ar?
-t-- on pa6oraer Ha 3aBoÃe?
13 I 1 3
6) 9ro uou ÃpysbÍ, llropr u llpuua. Onn Ãannoxenarbr. ÍIropr u llpnna
13 I 3 1
xrrByr B Mocme. Ilropr pa6oraerHasaBoÃe ".{[naMo". Ilpuna - npar.
I
Oua pa6oraerB 6onbrnqe.(6urrunqa- a hospital)
22233
ÍImpr, cxa:mre, Kro gro? 9ro Bam cun? On pa6orâer?
33
Ox crygeur? On cryaenr MfV?
Ílecw. - song
flycrr ncerga6Íaer có.nuqe! ffi

flycrr, ncerga6Íaer ué6o! --â++
flyct, rcerga 6Íaer rrlárraa! ffi

a.
flycrr, ncerga6!'4yxl
ffi
New words:
nycrr 6yger let be

BcerÃa alwa2 s
connue sun, sunligh
He6o slcy
hoverbs and idioms

Ceur par oruepb - oÃrrnpiürorpexb.
Measureseventimescut once- scoretwicebeforeyou cut once
lI Mocnnanecpâ3ycrponnacb.
Moscowwas not built all of a sudden(Romewas not built in a day)
Read quíckly:
Ha .qnoperpanâ. There is grass ín the yard.

Ha ryane aporâ. Tkere is fire wood on the grass.
He py6ü ,qporâ. Don't hashthefire wood.
Ha rpare apopâ. On the grass ofthe yard.
58
Vpox ceòtuoü
Homework
L Write the genderof the nouns:

croJrr{qa,My3eü,yrr,rqa,rocrl,rHl,Íua,oKHo,Tearp,ÃBepb,cïyÃeHT,
JIoxKa, Tatuua, ÃgÃ9, MoJroKo, orell, MarË.
2. Put in possessivepronouns:
Marb,orerl, rérn, 4s5n,6par, crnr.
3. Answerthesequestionsusingthe words, given in brackets.
1) lae Bu xornëre?(Ilerepõypr) 2) Ile xr,rsër Baur orerl? (ly6na)
3) lae xcrnër Baurlpyr? (Ilaprx) 4) I4e Bu 6ruu? (uysefi)
5) lae 6ulu 4eru? (ruxo.na)6) Iae 6rr,raA.rura?(rrryseü)
7) lae 6ul IIIypa? (ytrunepcurer)8) l4e 6ruu Anna ral4nax?(rearp)
9) f.qe 6rÌrraaeru? (ulrpx) 10) Iae pa6orarorBauu 4pysrx?(ganoa)
4. Transcribe:
croJr,croJrr{qa,r :rro6:no,yHr.{Bepcrrrer,
lryseü,cnacu6o,Annpeü.
- Good afternoon,Alla!
- Good afternoon,Andrey!
- Wherewere you, Alla!
- I was in the centre.
'
- Were you at the theatre?
- No, I wasat the museum.
6. Insertnecessary letters,readthe words.
y ________ r c_____a M__ p
7. Translatethe words and write them under appropriatenumbers.
l) Moscow,museum
2) hotel
3) capital
4) cafe
5) university
6) school
8* 59
8. Here is the-dialogueof two persons.put the replaus
in order.
- Ãa, s xeuar. - Ona _ Oua pa6oraer B r.rucrr,rryre._
,6uonor.
xeHarhr, Angpeü? - IÃe pa6oraer Brr
Barrraxena? _ o"u _ õí
cryÃenr-ôlrsur. - Kro sro? _ Ero sonyr Carua. _
pa6omerena saro4e?- [a, ua saÉoÃe. 1 --- On"ro.."Lpi
cryaeli. _ È;
9. W'rite the diaiogueusing thesesentences.

Moü gpyr' - trpe.troÃaBaretrl
(teacher\.
On pa6oraer B yru.rBepcrrere.
On xenar.
10.Tell aboutyourself.
11.Write new words in alphabeticalorder in special
notebook.
Vnnr. eoarwoü
Lesson8. YPOK BOCbMOIï

The Soft Consonant
v [v'l
The consonant [r'] is soft, but don't write after this letter the vowels
Í' D.
qa -qa -qa aq -qa -qbÍ
qo -qo -qo
cë -që -që
sy -sy -w
os -so -wë
yq -sy -qbrc
M
qa -qf, -rm
qe -qe -qe
II|t -qI| - qlt|
9q - rte -qbe
N
The consonant[r'] is invariably a soft voicelesssound. It is pronounced
almost exactly as the English consonantrenderedby the letters ch in the words
chair, cheese.
Distinguishthe syllablesra [x'a] and srr [v'üa].
Ex. l. Readthesewordsand sentences.
Bpâl (m) a doctor Ãoffi A a daughter
pa6ósd a worker ,qósKâ a daughter
MaJIbTIItK A DOy ÃéaosKa a smallgirl
9ro Anna Vlsaíost. Ona npay. Ona

:rurër n Mocné.
gro Anapófiflerpór. On pa6ívuü. On
pa6óraerna saróae".[unáuo".
Em Àénosxa.Eë sorfr Kars. A ero eë

MAMA.
9to ruá.nsqnx.Em rori"r Jlerx. A sro
efo [4tr4.
Ex. 2. Give the question using the pictures (Ex. 1). Answer the
questions.Model:
a) - Kro ero? o) - 9TO r,ÌrDKeHep-/
- Oro Ãenoqxa. - Her, ero pa5ouuítt.
- Kax eë sonyr? - IÃe oH pa6óraer?
- Eë sorlr Jh.r4a. - On pa6óraerua sanó4e.
61
B) - BlI g"ásre. xr:o ero?
"e
-Ãa- t erâro,xro ero. gro npar.
- Bu rnâere, xax eë roryï?
- Ãa, t snâro,.rro eë roryr Bêpa.
New wordsand expressions

3apárcrnyü! Goodarternoon!
Kaxár ncrpéva! ílhy, thisis a surprise!
Kax Ãarlro urr ne nt4e,rncs! There's beenplenty of water under the
bridge since we met last. It's been ages
since we met.
KAK how (how long...)
rcë all
V uenr ceubfl,Ãer[.
Han cux llropr yxe 6omnóü.
Tu aoró.ren (paaX (rcrr,rcn glad)
Í aorórrua (paaa). Ì am glad (to íeeyoul
oqeHb yerv
on (a, ru) paÃ,ÃoBoren

oua (r, trr) paÃa,ÀoBonbna
oxn (ruu, nnr)pa4n, Ãònomrur
Ex. 3. read the dialogue. Pay attention to the intonation.
Paszooop
2
- 34pancrryüTaruapa!
222
- O! Ax1peü!Kaxarlcrpeva!
22
- Kax ganxo MH He B[Ãenrrcn! Kax ru xcltërutn Tauapa?
1 11
- Bcë xopomo. V ueHq cembr, Ãer[.
3
- Tu pa6oraemr?
r123
-Ãa, I ytruBepcnrere. A xax ru lorlënrr, Axgpeü?
Tu xenar?
r1 ll
- .(a, 4arno, V uac).xe 6o;rruoücun, lÍropn.
2
- A rÃeru pa6oraenrr,Arqpeü?
I
- B urxole.
3
- Tu aorolen?
62
Yporceoctnoú
11
- .[a, ncëxopomo.
I
-Í orenl paga.
Ex. 3. Read the text. Ask questions

aboutthe text and answerthem.
9ro Taruapau Angpeü.Oxn Ãanno

1t
guaKoubr.Oxn rnrryr n Mocxre. Tauapa n
31
Arapeü4aBHoHeBtrÃentrcb. Taruapapa6oraer
131
B yn[BepcüTere.AqÃpeüpa6oraer E mKone.Tanrapa3aufxeu.
I
Au4peüxeuar,
Count!
t-oú r -""í*#;1"
2-wa tr-J*;*t""]"
3-rpn rs-rp"r#"f,
[u] , [r] [r]
4 - rerírpe 14- verúpnenqarr
5 - nrrr
6 - mecrr
"-J*úffl
ro-*".oí*tllu
7 - ceur ,r-J*#"1"
lul
8 - nócenrl tr-tJ"'"tl"l"r*f,1,
Iu] lullul - [r]
9 -,qésrrn 19- ,uensrxíq(arb
lul
10 - aécsrb zo-*ío*1"
63
Yporceocu.toü
Ex. 4. Read these words and sentences.

qac an hour
lltl
qacbr a clock
Iwl ,
certsacnow
,
a) - Cxaxn're,noxa.ryücra,
2
xoroptrfi vac?
I
- flqrr qacor.
- Cnacn6o.
7
6) - Cxaxnre, noxa.ryücra,
2
roropuü uac?
3
- lÍ:nrxnre, noxalyücra, a
I
He 3Harc.
Koropuü.rac? I|/hatíímeis it?

11
Ceü.racqac. Cefi.racnrrb ÍracoB.
lxl I trl
CefiqacÂBaqaca. Ceüqac.".t"
hlr "aóô".
, Inl
Ceüqac rpü qaca, CeÈqacaemrl
[r]r "alôs.
^
Cetqac {erule qecr. [xl
Cefiqaca"erur.r" ,iloi.
The Conjugation of the Verb 9IITATL (read)

PresentTense
r s[rán Mbr qnráen
Tüi qnráerrl B s[ráere
oH olrü qxrâIor
OHo q11râeT
oHa
Imperative
quráü! qnráüre!
64
Yporceoctuoú
PastTense
on (r, ru) qnrár.n
ona (r, ru) qnrâ.na
orro qnrâ.no
orur (nu, nru) unráuu
IIro shr qutaere? What are you reading?

.Í qmarc )KypHan.I am readingthe magafine.
fl srffarc mrcbMo. I am reading the leíter.
The AccusativeDenotingthe Direct Object

The accusativewithout a preposition is used to denote the direct object
of a transitive verb.
The accusative forms of nouns denoting inanimate masculine and neuter
objects egual the nominative forms. They are used in answer to the question
qTo?
Nominative Accusative
IIro ero? IIro nu qnragre?
gro xypnaa. Í qnraro xrypxar.
9ro nncruo. .Í qutan trncbMo.
Ex. 5. Read.
2
a) - 9ro Bu qrraere?
I
- .fl qnraro xlTHaJr *Mocxla".
3
6) - Bu qrrra.,rlr)KypHaJr
ttMocKtat'?
l1
- Her, ue uura.n.
I
n) 9ro marr n cun. Oxn
I
qI|TaroTpaccK s. \story)
3
r) Bn lrc6nr:e.rurarr?
-
- Oqexr nrc6nrc.
I 3.í.3 Ìli 1959 65

The Conjugationof rhe Verb ÃEIIATb (to do)
PresentTense
fl Àenan Mhr Ãe,raeM
TbI ÀeJraemb Bbl ÃeJraeTe
OH OHIT ÃenarcT
oHo Ãelaer
oHa
Imperative
afuaü! Ãe[arfTe!
PastTense
on (a, ru) lê'lal
ona (r, rrr) Ãenana
oHo aê.na.to
onn (nru, ru) aéraru
) ,
- IIro BH ÀeJraere,Argpeü? - Yro Bu .rrÍTaere?
1 1
- Í qnrarc. -Í qnrarox(ypnan.
Ex. 6. Answerthe questions:
Kro gro?
1lro ox Ãenaer?
9ro ona ÃeJtaEr?
ffi
Make the sentencèsinterrogative.Model: gro llran? On pa6oraerna garoÀe?
On mrr<exep?Answerthe questions.
The Interrogative Pronoun g.Eü (whose?)

,
- 9eü ero sorr? Il'hoseumbrellais it?
I
- 9ro uoü sorr. It is my umbrella.
2
- Ylr gro cynrra? Wose bagís it?
I
- gro uoa cyuxa. It is my bag.
2
- 9rë sro na.mro? Wose overcoatis it?
I
- 9ro uoë traJrbro. It is my overcoat.
66
Yporceoctnoú
2
- 9rn gro ra3erhrfl xypna;ru?
Il'hosenewspapers
and magalinesare these?
I
- 9m uon nnerbr rr x(yptraJrhr.
Thereare my newspapers and magafines.
The interrogativepronountIEü? changesfor genderand number.

Singular:qeü?- masculine,.nr? - feminine,srë? - neuter.
Plural:qru? - for all 3 genders.
Yeü sro sotrr? - 9m ruoüsoHT.1t my umbrella.- Moü. - Mine.
tlrr ero rasera? - Oro lror nasera. - Mos.
IIÉ ero namm? - 9ro uoë [aJrbro, - Moë.
IIlu ero sacrr? - 9ro uou qacu. - Mou.
PossessivePronouns
Possessive
Pronouns Personal Possessive
Pronouns
Penonal Pronouns
Pronouns
fl ruoüÃom my, míne Mhl HAlIl ÃOM our, ours
MO' KOMtrATA tra|trâ
MOE OKIIO KOMIIATA
MOrr oxlla HA|IIC OKIO
HA|nr{ Oxlra
Tbt rBoü ÃoM your, Bbl Ba|n ÀoM your,yours
TBO{ KOMHATA yours Bama
TBOeOmO KOMEATA
TBOII OXIIA BAme oxHo
BaItrIl offia
OH ero ÀoM his, his
CTOKOMHATA
CIO OKITO
eno ol{Ira
oHa eë ÃoM her, hers OHII rD(ÃoM their,

eë KoMHarâ IIX KOMHATA theirs
eë omo lD( oxto
eë onna n( oxHa
oHo ero ÃoM its, its

eno KoMxaTa
eno oxlro
ETO OKIIA
9* 67
Irrr sm rotrmara?
llre om omo?
gro MosKoMtrara.
9m uoe oxuo.
IIrr sro raseïrl?

9m uou ra3erf,r.
Ex. 7. Readthesesentences,paying attention to úe possessive

pronouns.
Om oreq.
{ef, gro cro.x? Oro ero croJr.
9rr ero rcrnra? gro ero Kurara.
{rë ero nucruo? gro ero rrr4€bMo.
{rn sro qacrr? gro ero qachl.
9m nam.
9efi gro xypxa.u? gro eë xypna;r.
IIrr uo rounara? gro eë rorr.rHara.
IIrë gro nr.rcruo? gro eë nr,rcruo.
Yrn ero qacrr? Ero eë qacrr.
9m aeru.
9eü sro cro,r? gro llx croJr.
Yrs sro xolrtgara? gro trx rouuara.
{rë sro ur,rcruo? gro r.rxtrttcËMo.
![rn ero xypHalrr? Ero lrx x1rynaarr.
Ex. 8. Look at the pictures and answerthe questions:
Kro em?, IIro sro?, lleü ero ...?oKar em (eë) soryr?
V Bac ecm ...?
WT É@]tr
ffi@r@
H@@
68
.
Worc
"ocunod
32
a) - Bu gnaere,xro sm?
ll
-.[a, ronevno. (of cource)[xûterm^]
31
-9m uor rroÃpyraJIrÃa n eë crm Murs.
232
6) - llsrnmrre, Bn ne snaers, seü gro soar?
22
- O! gm ruoüronr! E.laro4aploBac!
22
r) - Cxamre, troxaryücra, rÃeÃoM5 (nml)?
31
- ÌIsntmxre, r tre B[arc.
22
r) - Craxrrre, noxa;ryfrcra, rÀeÃoMÃecmr?
1l
-,[ou 4ecrm rau. 9ro HeÃaJrexo. (notfar)
The Fourth IntonationalCostruction

(ÍrK-4)
-fl q4r gouoü. I am goinghome.
--/ ,/
A.Bw? Andyou? A Harãlqa?
klK-4 is most vividly seenwhile expressingthe question in incomplete

interrogativesentenceswith the conjunction "a" (and). Remember:in full
(complete) intenogative sentences with the particle '.a,,, (and) the
corresponding type of l4K (VlK-z or I,IK-3) can be used.
A rro gro? A rÃe Bu 6rm? A Bu cryaenr?
The pre-stressed part of I4K-4 is pronouncedon the usualpitch. If the

stressedpaú is at the end of the sentencethe pitch beginsto rise. In the post-
stressedpart the pitch graduallyrises.
- Bama Qannr.nnr,rrMÍ, orreerBo? lühat is your family name, first name,

paíronymic?
- Ilsanos llnas llnarorüs.
69
Remember:
ProperNouns, Forenames,patronymicand Surname.
Full and Short Names
Usán Urásolm ÍIranón. Arapól Hnxolâernq Ceprécr.
Ilrau llrasorrs - llnas - Banr. Arapeú Hlrolaenm - Aq4peü.
Arsa IIránOEEAUlsanúna. Mapúr HxroirácgEêCepréena.
Anna llsanonna - Ausa - Aus. Mapnr Hnrola"*"a - úapã- Maora.
Ex. 9. Readthe dialogue.
2
- Kar Bac soryr?
l4
- Menr :oryr Aq4peüIlerpornr. (My nameis A.p.)
A Bac? (Andwhatis you
name?)
I
- Mens :onyr .{xon.
I
- Osenr nprrrrrno. This is a pleasure.(pleasedto meetyou,
l3
- Osenr paa, 9ro namaaosra?
I
- À a.
2
- Kax re6s tonyr, 4erorra?
I
- MeHs soryr Karr.
24
- ** Bac sonyr?A Bac? And whaíis your name?
S
- A xar re6r soryr? A re6r?
proverb
Jlyuue nos.ryo,treMErrorÀa. Betterlate than never.
Yrpo. nerepaMyÀpe'ee.Morning is wiserthenevening(An
hour in the
momingis wotthtwo in the evening)
qh,ro,ae,r'ú(L,oo,WW.
6/rzrt qh*
-fl -fl /nÃn*a. ana ^íaobl?
9r* -ir.o.to/ínn64. 9r* -/t/LaJtw-,ub-fl.
70
Yporcaocauoú
Homework
1. Put the questionsby the model: Oro ero tpyr. 9eü ero 4pyr?
Oro ,to.flÃo.r. 9To Haür orell. 9ro ero KoMHara.
9To Barrru .racbr. 9To eë 6par. 9ro rai Ãplr. 9To BarIrI,Íxypnanrr. Oro lor
ra3erbr. 9ro ero Àena. 9ro rD( MÍrrrII,ÍHa.
2. Complete the sentences using the verbs 9IITATb, PABOTATb in the
presentand past tenses.
.Í ... xypua"r. Moü oreq ... B rrrKo:re.Moü cnrn xopono ....
.f ... r lry:ee. Epar u ceopa ... [r,ÍcbMo.
3. Complete the sentencesusing the verbs in the presentor the past teÍìses.
Mos uarr ... B lrrKoJre.-Í ... xypna,r. Mo.r Ãoqr ... rucbMo.
Morï 4pyr... B yunBepcI,l:fere.fÃe ... saur oreq? Moü orer{ ... Ha 3aBoÃe.
lÃe ... rBo-scecrpa? Iae ru ...? Bu ... xypnaa?
4. Trarscribe.
pa6outtil, qerbÌpe, Mar6, Irrocrb, .(eB-rrË,Ãecqrb qacoB, oqeub, Ãoqb
5. Translate.
My name is Mary Ivanova. I am a doctor. I am married. This is my
husband. His name is Andrey. He is an egineer. He works at the factory. These
are our children.
6. Write the words, which designatea profession.
7. Look at the things, surrounded you. Put the questionsby the model: 9u
sro xrura? Write these questionsand give the answers.
8. Take you family photo and tell about all the persons.
9. Write the words designated the "objects of town" in prepositional form.
Compile the sentenceswith them. Model: Í 6rur n napxe.
10. Make a competition: who will write more words:
a) begiruringwith character"M";
b) designating things which are in the room;
c) which consist of 3 syllables
ll. Find out and remember as the shops, oÍIices and so on are named in you
street.
12. Write down all the words which can be composedwith the charactersin the
word xomnara.
13. Insert necessarycharacters,read the words:
B_ _ q q____e M__b Ã __b
14.Composethe dialogueof two persoÍÌs,usingthe sentonces:

- Eë sonyr Kars. - Ona crygerma. - Her, oua ne pa6oraer.
- Ona cry4errra? - Ona yxe pa6omer?- Kar eë soryr?
- 9ro lto.a Ão.{b.- Craxrrre, rro ero?
15.Composethe dialogueof the two old friendsin the University.
16.Write new wordsin alphabetical
orderin specialnotebook.
7l
Vporcòeeamtú
ksson 9. YPOK ÃEBÍTbIIï

The Soft Consonants
[83'], [r'], [x']
Ex. l. Read the syllables.
I|-nt-xI|-xI| I(ípa name(l)

Hnúra name(m)
cnxí verse,poeíry
I|-ne-K e-xe Ke$íp keftr
B trApKe in a park
B qrrpKe at a circus
Remember:
KIII|TA - KHHIIT 5.,pl, of "book"
tronKa - troJIKrl s., Pl. of "shelf"
J|OI.XA - Jroxxrl s., pl. of "spoon"
BI|JIXA . BIIJIXIT s., pl. of fork'
qa[Ka - |Iam|(Il s., pl. of 'tup"
Ex. 2. Read.
2 7
- Iae xnnnr? - 9ro Baun xxnrr? - 9ur ero xrllur?
I 1t I
- Knuru HatroJrxe. - fla, uon. - 9ro uon xnnru.
The Conjugation of the Verb IOBOPI,ITb (to speak,
to say)
PresentTense
fl roBoprc MhI noBoprrM
TbI roBopI Ub Bbl noBopnTe
OH OHII noBopÍT
oHo ronopír
oHa
Imperative
nrnopn! ronoprne!
PastTense
on (r, rrr) roBopnn
oxa (a, rrr) roBopl|na
oHo roaopúlo
omr (nru, ru) roropí.nn
72
Ex. 3. Read, paying attention to the pronunciation of the words
pvccKl,rü f3bIK anano-pyccKlr. AHIJII4IïCIUIü tSbIK andrro-
AIIHII{üCKIT.
a) pyccnrü - pyccraÍ (Russian,man - woman)
aflnrmansn - anrJlntaura (Eng,lish,man - woman)
$pauqrs - rfpanryxenxa (French,man - woman)
Í pyccnú. .fl ronopruro-pyccxr. I am Russian.I speakRussian.
.fl $parrys. .fl mroplo no-r[par4rscnr.I am French.I speakFrench.
Í auumannn. .fl roropro no-amrnfrcm. I am English.I speakEnglish.
3
6) - Bu suaerepyccmü srbrK? Do you knowRussian?
- Ãa, t EeMBoromBoplotro-pyccm. Yes,I speakRussiana líttle..

r) - Cramre, noxa.lryücra,KaKllo-pyccxü " capitaf'?
WhaÍis the Russianfor "capital"?
- Cro.mqa.
3
r) - Bu mBoptrTeno-pyccru? Do you speakRussian?
tl
- .{a, neunom.
3
Ã) - Brl rolopf,Teno-$panryscnr? DoyouspeakFrench?
(German)
ü no-treüer{Krr.
- Her, xe mBoplo.{ roroprcno-anr,rnücnn
23
Bn SpauIrys?
e) - Cxamre, troxrÀÌryücra,
11
- Ãr, s Qpaurys.
23
- Cxame, noxq.nyücra,Bu pyccruü?
11
- Her, x auepnKâneu. (American)
z3
- Crarmrre, troxanyücra, Bu PYccrax?
4
- Her, r auepffianKa.A BbI?
I
- A r Qpanryxexra.
Ex. 4. Readthe words.
trGrTa' A DOet pyccnd noer
[trcaTeJrb a wnler pyccmü tr careJrt
IIYCCBUIT KUSSIAN seJúMü noer
sennmü Wat ne.nímfi mcareJrb
l0 3.|{'3 tli 1959 IJ

Ex' 5. Read these sentellces,paying attention to the intonational
groups.
Pronounce the first intonationar part oi the sentence
with I4K-3 and the
secondpart of the sentenceis pronounced alwayswith
HK_l.
A.C.Ilyruxnn A.M.foprruü
r799-1837 1868-1936
KTO OTO _ NYIIIKI{H?
a) Ilymxnn - troer.
31
flymxnn - pyccxnf,noer.
31
flyruxnn- serrlxuüpyccxnünoer.
KTO 9TO _ TOPbKI,IIï?
6) foprrnü - nrcarerrb.
31
Ioplxlü - pyccrnü tr[careJrb.
31
Ioprxtü - nelnxni pyccxnü mtcareJrb.
Ex. 6. Read thesegroups of the words without separation.

cnou flymxnna verseof Pushkin
Ynü{a lfyrtrKxHa PushkinstreeÍ
uyreü llymxrnra PushkinFineArts Museum,pushkin Museum
rnuru loprroro boolcsof Gorky
yrnqa loptxoro Gorlcystreet
myleü lopnxoro GorkyMuseum
In these groups of words crnxt llymxnna, y;luqa
flymxnHa, ynr(a
fopr'xoro thervords flyurrnna, rop*oro are the fãrms
of the possessive
case
of the wordsflymxnx, Ioprxnü: pushkin'sversei,Gir*yb
lootcs.
74
Vpox òeeamotú
Ex. 7. Readthesedialogues,paying attention to the intonation.

22
a) - 9ro Bu quraere? 6) - tlm Bu strTaere?
I I
-.f, qnrarccrun. -.fl s[Tarc poMatr ttMarbtt.
2 3
- IIln em crrxn? - Ero pouan foprxoro?
I 1
- 9ro crmcr flymmna. - [t.
New word: ponan a novel

Ex. 8. Readthe dialogues,paying attention to the intonation.
a) - I.qeBu xnnëre, Knpa?

l4
- I *ry traynuqefoprxoro.A Bu,
Hrxúra?
- A s - H a y n r r [ e l l y m m ua .
2
6) - Crarrure, trorraryücra,rÃexüIrorearp
2
ttPoccuxtt?
- 9ro neÃarero. I{gnte npruo.

I
- Cuacn6o.
New words:
xÏHoTealp, xüHo
rrpÍMo straight
Ex. 9. Readthe dialogues,paying attention to the intonation.
,3
a) - Bu ino6nre cnoor llyunrna?
11 4
-.[a, orenr. A Bu?
I
-.fi mxe.
3
6) - Bu 6ruu n nyree llynrmna?
l4
-.[a. A Bu?
I
- f roxe 6tura.
l0 * 75
3
B) - Brl 6unn r nryreefoprroro?
t4
- Her, a BH?
I
-Ar5'rxe6u,r.
Ex. 10.Readthe dialogues,
payingattentionto the intonation.
a) - I4e Bu 6um? B rearpe?

r1 4
- Her, a 6ua r qrpxe. A Bu?
I
-A s 6buratruao.
23
6) - rlro Bu crraere? CrrNr llymnrua?
-.{a, a Bu?
I
- A r qnran poruanfoprroro.
3
- Pouan "Martt,?
I
- Àa.
Ex. 11.Readthe sentences,
3
a) Ilymmr - troer. 6) Ioprruü - urcarerrb. o)-Ilymxnn-noer?
31 311
Ilymrnn - roqr. Ioprruü - trtrcareJrb. -,{a.
3 34
Ilymrrn - noer? fopri<nü- nncarem? -Aloprmni?
31
- Ioprmfi - rrtrcarenf,.
Ex. 12.Readthe sentences,
31 4 l
Ilynmx - pycclod nosr. Ilynnü - pyccmünoer.
31 4 1
Ilymx - BeJniKrü pyccxüünoer. Ilyuxnn - nsmnIf, pyccmünoor.
76
Vporcòeeamwú
The Conjugation of Verbs llÃTl4 (to go, to walk) and

EXATb (to go, to travelby...)
The Russian verbs ÍIffTfi and ÉXATb designatedifferent modes of
movement: /
ÍfÃfÍI (nEmKOM) - to walk, to go onfoot;
ÍxATf (HA TPAHCnoPTE) - to go by bus, by trolley,
by tram, by underground,by taxi.
IIÃTTI EXATb
PresentTense PresentTense
fr, f,ry MH trÃëM MÉ[ eÃeM
Tf,I sÃëul Bhr rrÃëTe "*
Tbr eÃeltrb Bf,I eÃere
OE onf, f,ryT OH
/
outr e,q/T
oHa rÃër oHa e,{eT
otro otro
Imperative Imperative
nru! nlíret noesflriü! noeur.íüre!
Kyla ru ruërc? Were are you goingto?
.fl sry louoü. I am going home.
.Í n4r n napx. I am going to Íhe park.
Ky4a ru egerc? Were areyou going?
Í e,ry r qeurp. I am goingto the centre.
Í ery r ftercp6ypr. I am goingto Petersburg.
Ex. 13. Read. Pay attention to the useof the verbsIlI.ITl4, EXATb.
2
a) - Kyla rrl uÃëre?
l4
- Mn sÀëun nrno. A nu?
I
- A tr,nrn4ënrn uapr.
,
6) - Kyaaru ceüqac?
Mu uaëuB mao.
.l
- Í e ryB q e f,rp .
4
-A r n ?
I
- Í roxe.
2
- EaeuBuecre.
lt
- Xopouo.Cuacu6o. f e,ryn qerrp.
77
Expressionof place and Direction
The Costructionwith the euestionsI[E? and KynA?
Kyaa on naër? IV'hereis he goingto? IÀe on? Were is he?

O" naër B rrapK. He is gotngto thepark. On r napxe. He is in Íhe park.
Remember
IIÍO? Nominative IWÃA? Accusative $E?prepositionat
rrapK B trapK B [apKe
JIoqÃon r Jlon4on n Jlo44oue
gm napx,
9o ,aar B rrapK. On 6u.rrB rrapKe.
Oro Jlorgor. On e4er n JlorÀon. Ox rmêr n Íouno"e.
Ex. 14.Read.
2 3
fixon n,{xyn: - KyaasrI lrÃëre?B rearp?
I I
Auna llraxolua tr Ãeïu: - Her, uu r4ëruB unpK.
15.Read.
2
Maxc: - Kyaamr naëurerepou?
3
Ãqru: - Moxer 6urr, r rearp?
23
AJUIa: - ÃrKytr,BH no6rre 6aler?
2
Àxytr: - Osenr nto6fio.
4
Marc: - A Bn, Ãxon?
78
Vporcòeenmoii
1
Ãxon: - f roxe nlo6mo6aner,
3
Ãxfu: - Mu eÃeuB Tearp na ruerpo?
1l
A.rua: - Her. ua raxcn.
Ex. 16. Readthesewords.Remember! ,Õ.''
aenrm (pl.) money

ffi \g;,
\:Étl
iw
KOITEüKA a kopek
py6.rr a rouble
@
V-/
/.-@}'
,
\/
> )^9*
iÌ/
4 r 7 Sf
O.IIHAKOIICI|KA II'Tb KOIIEEK j
ÃBe KOrIeIlf,U ÃecÍÍb KOIIeeK \ YLP'4-/
tt
Tpt| KOneI|K]t IIÍTBAÃUATb KOtreeK
qeTbrpe Ko|IeIlm ÃBâ{rIaTb KoIIeeK
I
ÃBâ4rIATb OÃHAKorrenKa
ÃBaÃqaTb ÃBe KorrerrKrl l
ÃBATIATb rrflTb KO|leeK
oÃrffi pyonb nrrb pyoJreH

4na py6.nr lrecrb pyoiren
rpr py6lr ÃBar{qarbpyoneü > í r'Publ
vernpe pyõ.nr asúqarr oÃnn py6nb :4lüú
,rw.
ÀBáÃqarbÃBa py6nr
,qBáÃrlarbaósmr py6reü
...
:i{4' I
fl ,-
.- ì {-/
The ConstructionCKOJIbKO CTOI4T...2(How muchis ... ?)

CKOJIbKO CTO.trT...? (IIow muchare ... ?)
Cxónrxo cróur xypnár? Cró;rro cróxr xypuúrr?
Xypnán cróur 10.000py6.neü. Xypnánu cróm 50.000py6.
(Àecarrrucrv py6neü) (nxrbÃecsrrBrcrÌrntun"ï)^,
,4 11 .-,*5 71a.{:t)tt
Ex.17.ReadthediaÌogues. /fur
'v"4-
fl* 4w-'
â la<t
rv-ru-o t'tz<"|
a) - cKonbKo crolrr 6rr;19rB nlno?
- .{nëu 6nrer crom 10 (rccsrb)fltcffi py6neü. {h rcz- Ze'ro | '
Bérepom6ll.;nércr6nr 40 (cópox) +uempyfueü.
lnên in the arternoon TEITPÃ'IbTTI'
BeqepoM in the evening
3
6) - Y rac ecru 6nnsrrrna 6a;rer,,Cnaprax"?
I
- Ecrr.
,
- .{aüre, troxÀrryücra,2 (wa) 6ulera.
l3
* Iloxa;ryücra, 6rutern crosr 40 (copox)
I
+lretrpyfueü.
n) - Cxarorre, trox(aryücra, y Bacecrb reeup?

l1
-,{a,noxa.ryüsra.
Craxan
crorrI &-+#fuh
I
- Cnacn6o.
r) - Cnarorre, noxo"rryücra,ero xeerp?

111
- Her, ero ne x@np. gro uo.noxo.
lz
- Xoporuo-
Cxoarrocronr craxan?
1
- T+r€#ro+y6fl€fr. 0gy6 ps;aa
31
- [aüre, noxa.nyücra,
I (oann)craKan.
l.
- floxa.ryücra-
I :----
- Cnacn6o.
2
-
n) Cxolrxo crolr rasera,,Cnopr"?
I
- ÃmrenryÉrcü.,1,64 py6/t,
4
- A xypnal ttMocxlatt?
1
- 10 (aecqn) flier+ púreü.
Ex. 18. Completethe sentences.
V nac ecrl... Cxo;rrro crorrr.-. ìKypna.l ,,Mocf,Ba",xmna "Jloq4on", 6trer
xa 6aletttXllgerb'...
80
Conjugation of the Verbsby model q[TATb
CIPAIIII4BATb (ask) OTBETIATb (answer)
PresentTense PresentTense
f ctrpârrrHBan fl, oTBeqarc
Tb[ ctrpaürrBaeffb TbI oTBeqaeüb
otr OH
oHa ctrpamrrBaeT otra oTBeqaeT
oüo oto
MhI cnpa[trBaeM MhI oTBeqaeM

Bbt ctrpa|trr{BaeTe Bbl oTBeqaeTe
OHTI ctrpa IrBarcT on oTBeqarcT
/
CJIVIIIATb (áslen)
PresentTense
t cJlylran
Tb| cny|üâellrb
OH
oHa cJry[aeT
.odo
Mbr cJIy[IaeM
Bbr qrryüaeTe
onn cnyfianT
Imperative
cnpáurnaü! orseqáü! clqíüaü!
cnpámrraÍrre! oneqáirre! crfmafrre!
PastTense PastTense
on (x, ru) cnpamB,ur ou (r, ru) OTBEqAJI
oua(r, ru) crrpaüïBâna oua (r, ml) OTBEqAJIA
oHo clpa[nBaJro ouo 0IBeqíulo
oslr (Mhr, Bbr) clpanrrBaJrn onn (nnr, nu) OIBEqAJIT
PastTense
on (r, rn) clrymar
ona (r, rrr) cÍyruaJra
ono grymaJro
onu (unn rrr) qÌryüalrrl
ll 3âÍâ3 ,É 1959 8l
Vpax òeenmuú
Conjugation of the verbsby model IIIICATb (write)

PresentTense
I
o)-y lì,lbl trtr|trEM
"Tbt mtmeltrb BbI |ITTtrETÊ
on (ona, ouo) ínmer OHII rrumyr
Imperative
nnút nnuírre!
PastTense
ou (r, ru) TIICAJI
oua(r, rrl) IIüc:ura
otro nI{caJIo
onn (uu, nrr) IItrCAJITI
Ex. 19.Write the verbsIIOHIIMATb (understand),lL3VI{Nlb(sndy),

ÃyMATb (think)by the modelqIITATb. Checkyour results.
NOHI4MATb 143YTIATb ÃyMATb

PresentTense PresentTense PresentTense
IIOHI4MAIO r n3)qarc r Ãwaro
'
TËI IIOHI4MAEIIIb TbI H3rraellrb TI'I ÀWAEIIÌb
on(ona, rronrrMaer on(ona, I,I3]{aer ou(oHa, Ã)Maer
ono) ouo)
MbI NOHI{MAEM MbI I43) IaeM M6I ÃWAEM
BbI IIOHIMAETC BhI 143) raeTe Bbr ÃyMaere
OHü IIOHI4MAIOT oHü I43],4IaIOT oHr4 Ãyr!{aroT
Imperative
noruauaü! usyraü! lWaü!
nouuuaürel usyraüre! gpraüre!
PastTense Past Tense
oH (r, ru) ÍIOHI4MAI oH (r, rËr) í3Yr{aJI

oHa (q, rbr) NOHI{MÍL'IA oHa(r, Tbt I,I3) IÍlIa
oHo NOHI4MAJIO oHo I{3YIIÍUIO
our,r(uu,nrr) IIOHITMAJII,I oHr4(Mbr,Bbr) ü3yIÍÌiIII
PastTense
' ou (x, mr) Ã}.[{AJI
oHa (q, T6t ÃyMana
oHo ÃwaJro
onr,r(rrau,w,r). ÃyMaJfil
82
Vnnk àeaqmrtú
-5I:naro I -f rosoon
PyCCKI4Iï.fl3blK | .[ noulrlvraro flO-PyCCKI{
fl wtytwo lÍ cnpaurrmaro
-Í orse.rarc
(ppanqyscrcaü -r:r,rr no-@panqysoc,r

anr.n[ücro,tï gsrrr uo-aguuricrcr
r,rcnauctonï qgrtr fio-ficrraHcr<t,r
,Í3bIK
Ex. 20. Readthe text. Mw aeytaempycaeuússwrc.

Oro naur )lrrr4Bepcrarer. flo.qroronure.n*tsrft ( preparatory) $atcyx:.ler.
flepnrrü ( firsr) vtax (floor ). Bor uaura aypÍroptís. (classroom). Tyr cro:rrr.
Ctena (on the W) orcro.Cnpaaa( on Íherighò g.F;epÍ, ( door)u ÌrKa(bbr.T)'r
ÃocKa 14KapTa.
Ceü.rac ( right now) ypor. flpenogaBarorrb (the teacher) cnpárurcaer
lo-pyccKr,Í. Mrr orse.IaeÀ,ÍToxe [o-pyccrc4.
- Yro sro?
- 9ro yve6nur (textbook).
* flpanrurrno (riqht). A ero yre6nvr?
- Her, ero He yre6nn<. 9ro c.noaapl.
- IIeü ero yre6nnr<?
- Ll:ar.mare, ,a He rtonuMaro.florropure, noxaayücra.
- IIeü sro yre6nrm? Blr nogutrlaere,vro_atonopro?
- [a, cefitac s [ourrMa]o. 3ro lroü yre6nm<.
flpeno4anare.nbroBopar [o-pyccKÌÌ MeÃneHHo(slowly). CryÃeurur ncë
(everything) rroHrrMaror rr orBeqaror [paBlrJrbuo.
KAK?
correct trpaBfinbHo-HelpaBrfJtbHo uncorrect
loudly rpoMKo - T[xo quietly
slowly MeÀ[eHHo- 6ncrpo .fast
well xOpO|nO- trJroxo bad
Ex. 21. Answer the questionsand write the answen.

Craxrare, ero npeno4anare.rr? Br,r :naere, r4e on pa6oraer? Ou
pa6oraer n Ynrcepclrrere? Br,r enaete, qro rr3) raror cryÃeuTÉ,ÌB
Vnr.roepcurere? Onr,r rr3) {aÌor pyccraarl xsr,rr? Ha ypore [penoÃaBarenb
roBopr,rr no-pyccrcr? Crygenm nonr4MarcT, KorÃâ npe[oÃaBar€]rb roBopÌdr
no-pyccrcr? Moxer 6rns (maybe), cryÃeHTl,rxoporuo [our4Maror, rroroMy
uro (because) [perroÃaBare.ÌrbroBoprir ue4lexllo? Crygenrrr BHr4MareJrbHo
cJryl[aror, Írro roBopI4TÌrpefloÃaBareJlb?9ro ge.raror cryÃeHTbl, ec,llu @
oHI{ He noHrrMalor, gro roBoplfr npenoÃaBareJr},'! Ecttu cryÃexTbr He
rroHl4Maror, Ì{To roBopI4T [pefloÃaBareJrb, oH [oBTopxer (he repeats,
nosmopamb - to repeat) ? Kor.ua (when) rtpenolaBaTejrb rroBTopÍeT,
cryÃeHTbrnoHr,rMarcT,qro oH ronopnr? Crygenrrr ÃaBHo [3yqaror pyccrr,rü
asrrr? Cry4enrbÌ ÃaBHoxrrByr B Mocr<se?
ÕJ
9ro ynr.mepcrrer. Ihis ís the Universitv.
Oro uo4rmoarrre.rrnuü Sarcy;rmerpreparaÍoryFaculty
JIK - nr*raSórrrrú
phonetic
KAOI4HET
{ T T T T IT! V (rirrnü) erax
frrthfloor
class-room
iponerú.pcrax _E{TTTI!! IV (veraëprunï)
wax forth floor
na6oparopvtx
phonetic
laboraíory
ayIjfiopr4fi.
i t rxt m III (rp&rnz) erax
third floor
class-room \
-r r r ! ! ! I I II (arop'oü) erax
secondfloor
\fl n r__lr-r r
ull r lr t-{ I (népnuü) erax
first floor
ÃBepb-ÃBepr4
door-doors saltr hall
BXOÀ BbD(OÃ
entrance exit
9ro aropori grax. Oro Kopr,ÍÃop corridor

ra6lnrer
office <a6rznerrpava
sane.4noIr1r,ü ftrst-aid
raQe4poË
head of
the chair
3aI\.{ecTanenb
ÃeKaHa
vice dean
ÃeKaH
dean
qpe[oÃaBaT€nr4
professors
84
Vporcòeenmt'rú
floronoK ceiling
naúÍ7a lamp
:
-=:::=::::::::
KapTa
@
cryxl chair
Í7oJrÍloor
clreB,ato the left cÍrpa&ato the ight

lrpxlr.osffiaight (in front)
nocepeÃr4He in the middle
IIOJIKA shelf urra(p cupboard

pepb door McJI chalk
Tp-grü(a duster c.norápr dictionaty
TeTpaÃb notebook y.réOxra< turt book
pyirKa pen <apangáur pencil
nl4ÍIetÍ](A ruler pe3I4HKA erAser
Pacrnncáw,rc Time
l4nüopv'áuus. zawinwü table
15.1X.97n sry6e 9 : 1 5- 1 0 : 5 0
ronifepénqr,rr pyccKrÍús3brK
l1 : 0 0- 1 3 : 0 0
cnopT
õ)
Homework
l. Answerthe questions.
IÃe sbr xrmëre? (Jloruon) l4e xranyr raurlr 4py:rx? (JLznepny.rr)Ile
xrtalr' Angpeü n Hr,l<u:ra?(Kuea) Kyga nrr e4ere?(Kraen)Kyaa eÃer Barrr
apyr? (Co.ru) Ky4a e4r ,[xon u [xytr? (flerep6ypr). lae nu 6unu?
(uy:eü) Ky4a nrr rgëre? (rearp)
2. Put in thesewords:
Í ,{rrraro... .Í ruo6.nro... Mu eÃelr ... Onr,rqJ,'r ... Ona 6rura ... Ona
pa6oraer... (uxo.na,KIrHo,Tearp,Kuey, crwxu, xypHÍLlI,,Moctga,,)
3. Put in the verbs WTI4, EXATb, EbITb, XllTb:
.f ... a Jlongone. fl" ... s reurpe.9.... n Kraeee.
fl, ... s wtyo. Í ... a MocKBe.
.Í ... n napr. .[ ... È Co.{[
This is my friend Max. He livesin Moscow.He is a worker.He worksat the
factory. His wife is a doctor. There are their children. They live here for a
long time.
This is my family. This is my father. He is a worker. He likes to work. In
eveninghe lilcesto read newspapersand magazins.This is my mother. Sheis
a doctor. Sheworks in a hospital.Thereis my brother.He is a student.He
studies.inthe univenity. He likessports.He likeshockey.Thereis my sister.
She works in the univenity. She is a professor.She likes to sins and to
dance.ShelikesRussian.
6. cross out superfluouscharacters to readcorresponding
proverbs: Betterlaíe
than never and Morning is wiser than evening.
ryÌfl IIeTMreug<]ÏIo3.(HorTBprIeqeMTpÌIernr]rKorÃa
c"rpyrpou(f pmrBeqepar4Mrp4ryÃp euee
7. Write new wordsin alphabeticalorderin the specialnotebook.
W""ae"*"rl
Lesson10. YPOK ÃECÍTbII,I

The Soft ConsonantIq [u'l
The consonant [q'] is invariably soft. It has no English counterpart.
When pronouncrng the soft consonant [q'] the position of the tongue
resemblesthe position of the tongue pronouncingthe sound [v'] , but there is
the first moment of [v'] articulation.
trIa -
After q neverwrite letters Í, ro.
Ex. l. Readthe syllablesand words.
qa - Iqa aü( rIâ - UA eUë
w'w
still, yet
uë - që - uë oq së - üë trnoua,F (f) a sqiare
ry - tqf - ry ruI cy - trry roBapnq a comrad,afriend
qe - qe - qe oq qe - qe Bee (f) a thing
qÍ - Utr - üIr üru .rü - ur{ trnau a raincoat
The Plural ofthe Nouns

The nouns ending in the letter "b"after 9r Er x, m belong to the
feminine. The nouns rending in the letters q, x, m, u belong to the
masculine.
Bpaq
EO:
BetrF ToBaptrq
The Plural of these nouns have the vowel "ll" in the end of the word.
cJroBapb- crroBaprl Bpaq - Bpatrx_
TerpaÃb - ltTpâÃrr BetrIb- Bemu
Remember!
MâTb- MareDrl mother - mothers
Pay attention to the place of the stressin the Plural.

cmn - cro.nú npar - npavú uocr - uocrír
Ex. 2. Read.
Be& - BeIqII üraq - IInatrII| Baff nJraq Hatlr|| Beüü
TOBAprrq - TOBApnqII spAq - Bpallü Bam ToBaptru tramll roBaptrqll
Ex. 3. Read,payingattentionto the centerof I,IK-3 and IIK-I.

3 r I 11
- Y Bacecrr rurau?- Ãa, y MeHffecrburaq. (.[a, ecr.)
3 1 I 11
- Y Bac ecrr mrapnq? - Àa, y MeHr ecrbrolapml. fla, ecrr.)
87
3tl l l
- Ero Ban ulau? -,{a, ero moünlant. (Ãa, uofr.)
3l l tl
- 9ro Baur reqx? - .[a, ero MorrBeItIn.(la, uoll.)
311
- 9ro Baurrorapuq? - Her, sro nroü6par.
Who of these persons answers Whose things are these? Iìrt

the question" Yeü ero trra[?, questrons and answers with the
Ex. 4. Read the words and the sentences.

Mocxra - uocxríq - mocmnqí Moscovite(m., and pt.)
ruocxrísxa - mocxníqxn Moscovitr(f.,'and pt.)
lrocxnrqú
Á.lexcan4p l[ranor - MocrÍBrrrr.

31
Ero xena Harama- MocrBrrqxa.
3t
VIx Ãern Ka'rq u Korq - MocrBrrqrr.
The Fifth IntonationalConstruction

(r4K_s)
klK-s is most vividly seen whfle expressing appreciation in the sentences
..
wirhpronounsKAK, KAKOIï, CKOJIbKOo,nfu,notv).
/-.ì --
-- --
Kaxoü ropoÀ! Kax
- ona rìoBoprrr
no-pyccxn!
Whata /ìne city! Ánd how shespeal<s
Russian!
88
Vpoxòecnmttú
Comparethe intonationof the sentences:

2
Kax on noBopnrno-pyccrn? (OH roropnr Iro-pyccxü rpaBlnbuo)
How well doeshe speakRussian?
Ki* o" roBoprrr no-pyccxn! ({a, overn xoponro!)

And how he speaksRussian!
Ex. 5. Read and translateinto English. Pay attention to the types of I4K.
a) - Kax oHronoprrrno-pyccxn? 6) - Kaxoü ero nopo4?

1l
- On ronopnr tro-pyccxüxoportro. - Oro Mocxsa.
55
- Kax on roBopnr no-pyccrar! - Kaxoü ero nopo,q!
L2 5
-.[a, o.rernxopouro! - Kaxoü 6oarruoüropo4!
Ex. Readthesewordsand text.
cron[qa Pocurn Russia'scapital
uenapcronrrqu centerof the capilaL
Kpacnar rJroqaÃb RedSquare
Kpenul Kremlin
Mango.neü Mausoleum
Mocxna
Mocxra - cronrqa Pocorn. I{errrp crolnqu - Kpacnar utorqaÀb,

3131
B uernpe - Kpem.nru Marsoreü Jlennna. HeÃalexo Eo.nrmoürearp.
'Homework
l. Put in the verb IOBOPIITb .

-fl ... no-pyccrcr.On rr,roxo... [o-pyccKr,Í.Bu ... no-anulnïcrol? ,Her,
-rrHe ... no-aum?ritcrg4. Onr,roqesr xopoüro... [o-pyccKr,I.Moü crrn
HeMHorò... no-amnraïcrc,r.Baurr Àorr4... no-anr:rnïcrcr. Balr1a.uo.n
roxe ... no-pyccr<u? Trr... no-anuwftcrut?
2. Write the endingsof the words.
qerËrpepy6n...,ÃBal[IarbKo[e...,rpraronefu..., 4ecarr py6tr...
3. W-ritethe possessive pronouÍls:
ÃOqb, CbIH, XeHA, MJDK,TOBApI/ÍUI,BeIIlb, BpAq, nOqTA, IIüCÈMO, qAIIIKa.
4. Answerthesequestions.
Kar eac sonyr? f4e sbr xraëre? Brr xerarrr (aauyrnerr,r)?
Kro salrra
xeua (upx)? Ige nu pa6oraere?V nac ecm Ãefl,r?fÃe srr 6rur,r? Blr
.rro6rmerearp? Brr .nro6rz:re
wflarb?
12 3.Í.. Ìì! 1959

5. Translateinto Russian.
I live in London. I am a doctor.I am married.My wife doesn'twork. These
are my children. We are going to Petersburg.My wife speaksRussian.
6. Translateinto English.
3 4
- Bn ronopnreno-pyccnr? - A namrompnu?
3 ,
- flonmpnre, noxa.ryücra. - O! On yxe xopono noBoprr
tro-pyccx[.
3 3
- Brr mropure Ío-pyccm? - A Bu mBopxre
no-Spaxrryscru?
I I
- .fl euë nnoxo noBopx) - .{a, ueunoro.
tro-pycctiü.
7. Write the answers.
L Kar nac eonyr?2. Btr pyccruü (pyccrax)?3. I4e nn xüsërc? 4.
Brr {ocrn}r.{ (uocrnnvxa)? 5. Bn lro6r.rreMocroy? 6. Blr cry4enr
(cry4eurra)? 7. Bn pa6oraere?8. Bn pa6oraeren yrrurepcurere?9.
lÃe srr pa6orae:re? 10.{ro nrr mo6ureÃe.rÌarb Beqepou?Brr lIoõr.rre
qurarr? ll. tlro nlr lrc6ure qurarr? 12. Kro narunro6raurrü(prefer)
nltcarem? 13. Bu no6rarerraso?Bu:lo6r,rre rearp? Kro raru:uo6u-
urrü aprucr? Kro saur nro6uMbrürounosurop? Kro nau lrc6urrluü
xygorcrur? 14. Bu lIo6rare cnopr? Bu lrc6ure $yr6o.rr?Br,r.nro6rnre
6acrer6ol? 15. Brr xenarrr (sarrayrreu)? 16.V nac ecrr 4erra?17. l.ue
onu lcrayr? 18. BauruÀerr{cryÃeurlr?OHrayxe pa6orarcr?Olru lro-
6rr cnopr? 19. V nac ecrr.4pysrx? Kro onu? Onu r,ruxenepu?Onu
grouorraracrrr?Onu npavu? Onn nolnyr s MocKBe?Onu pa6orator n
Mocxse? 20. Bau gpyr xenar? (Baruanoapyra sarr.lyz<elr?) Kax ero
sonyr? (Kar eë sonyr?) 21. Bst roBopr.rreno-aurauücrur (no-
HeMeqKlr, no-ucnaHcxr,r)? A nauraplr? Bu roBoprrreuo-pyccrra?Brr
qüTaereraseru? Bnr moõure r{r4TarbrrrerËr? Crornxo cror{T ra3era
"Times"? Brr sHaere,cKoJrbKo croríT ra3era "CeroÃnq" n Mocrse?
Brr snaere,cKoJIbKo cror,rr)rypHan"Honrrü rr.rup"?
8. You have a photo of your family. Show it to your conversationpartner,
name all the peoplein the photo and tell what they do.
9. Write a letter to one of the Russianpeople,with whom you want to get ac-
quainted.Tell about yourself,your life and work.
10.Write all new words in alphabeticalorder in specialnotebook.
90
Singwith us
KÂJITIHKA KALINKA
Karlttra, KaJrrüü(a, You, dearsnowballtree,
Kanranca uor, My snowballtree.
B caÃy-moÃaua.lnnnca, You, dear sweetie,
Ma.nnrra Mo.{, Dear sweetiein the garden.
flol cocnoro, rroÃ 3eJrëHoro Under a pine-tree,a greenpine-tree

Cnarr no;roxrme Bbr Merrg. Put me to sleep.
Aü, rrro.rtlt-rloÍlt, Hi, luly-luly,
Air, ttomr-lfiofi4, Hi, luly-luly,
Cnaìr rro.uoxr.ne Bbr MeHq. . Put me to sleep.
Cocënyurxa,Tbr3eÍëHaq, Dearpine-tree,greenpine-tree
He nryu ru uago nanoü, Don't rustleabovemy head.
Aü, tnott:a.-snonw, Hi, luly-luly,
Aü, .nroln-.nro.m, Hi, luly-luly,
He lrryu rrr na4o unoü. Don't rustleabovemy head.
Kpacarunqa,A/rrra-ÃeBr/trIa, Beauty,the girl of my dream,

.flo;no6ra
xe rbl Merrrr, Will you love me, please.
Aü, .nIolr-lnrnz, Hi. luly-luly,
Aú, lrolu-.ruoan, Hi, luly-luly,
florro6r,r xe rbr Menrr! Will you love me, please.
t2* 9l
KATIOIIIA KATYUSIIA
PacqseraruÍg6nonu n rpyr[r, Appleand peartreeswere
flormrrrra ryr'.ranrr.nag peroü. blossomingout,
Brxognna na 6eper Kartorua, The mists wererising abovethe river.
Ha srrco nü 6eperna Kp)"roü. Katyushacameto its bank
The river high bank, steepbaú.
Buxogrua, uecuÌo 3aBoÃrl;ra Shecameand begansinging
flpo crennoro cllsoro opna. About a steppebluish eagle,*
flpo roro, Koroporo nro6rala, About the eagle,her friend sheloved.
flpo roro, rlblr nr,rc6Ma
6eper.na. About her darling,whoselettersshekept.
Oü, rrr, rrecnrl,[eceuKaÀeBr.rlbr, Hi, the song,a girl's song,
Tu leru,:a .rcHbIMcorHUeMBcJIeÀ. Fly followingthe clearsun.
I,I 6oüÌry Ha ÃaJrbHeMnorpaHr,rqbe Sendbestregardsfrom Katyushka,
Or Karrorur nepenaít npr,rBer. To a soldier,who is servingfar away
at the border.
flycu on BcrroMHrlrÃeByruKy Let him rememberthe homely girt,
rrpocTyro,
Ilycrt yclrnulr, xax oHa noër. Let him listen to her singing,
flycru on seulrc 6epexër poÃHyro, Let him defendthe native land.
A ntoõosr Kanorua c6epexër. And Katyushawill savethe lové.
* "EagÍe"' in Russiaa man, whom

the girl loves and who is strong and brave,
is often called"an eagle".
Russian speech. Conventions
Kar ronopar no-pyccKl,I
1. Ilplnmcrrrr. flpoqama.
3apaacrnyrïre!3aparcreyü!
,{o6poeyrpo!
Ào6prrü aenr!
Ão6prnã se.rep!
Ilpuaer!
O.reur pa,ure6a (nac) rrÃetrl
Kaxal acrpeva!
Kar ÀasHolrrr re sr4qertacl!
Kar Ãera?Kar nauruÃe.na?
Cnacra6o. Bcexopouro.
Cnacr6o. Bce nopuamno.
[o cruaalr'trsl
,{o sar:rpa!
Bceroxopourerol
Bcero.4o6poro!
2. KLs.oõparnrrcr x fle3rraKououyqeloBeny:
Mo:roÃoü.reroner! Mo.no.(rre.rno.ua!
.{erlrura! .{eryurcr!
Manrqlu<! .[enovra!
Craxlrre , noxa.ryücra, ....
I4saunrre, cKa)t<llTe,
noxa.nyücra,...
Vlzntmtne,Bu re anaere,rge....
Kax orrErnrr:
[a, noxa;ryücra.
,{a, cnyruarcBac!
3. Ecrn Bn xoture trro-To (o veu-ro) trotrpocrrrb:
Craxrme, noxaryücra, .,.
.{afrre, noxanyftcra, ...
florroprre, noxalyrÌcra, .fi eule rrJroxoroBoprorro-pyccKr,Í.
-[ neÃarno)flxrByB Mocroe.
Ioroprre, noxanyrïcra,MeÃJreHHo. .ÍI eureruroxoroBoprono-pyccKlr.
' 4. Kax orser[ru na npocr6y:

[a, uoxa.nyücra.
{a, ronevno.
IlsnlürI,rfe. t He 3HaríJ.
C y4oaoarcrnueu.
5. Kax npnr.lacrrrbB tocru tr KaKorBernrb Ha.npr Jrarnenae:
flpurnauraro Bac (re6r) B rocrr{ 3aB,rpa.
Cnacu6o.C y4oeo.rucravelr.
93
6. B naraoxxe:
Cxa;orre, noxa.ryrïcra, y BacecrËpyccro-arrur,lïcrunï orouapr?
Ãaftre, uoxanyücra,cJroBapb.
Cronno crou:r cnonapl?
7. Tpancropr:
Karorï gro anro6yc?
On raÃeÍs qen'rp?
Craxrtre, noxa;ryrlcra, rÃe Merpo (cramg{r uerpo)?
Brr sÉD(o.üfiecerïqac?
llsnr,nru:re,uoxno rrporhnz?
8. B xnno (r racce):
Craxrme, noxa;ryricra, ecrr 6ruetu wa 2 (pa) uaca?
Cro;rno crorr 6me'r?
9. B xacce:
V nac ecm õta,lreruxa 6a,ret <<Xngelp>?
V rac eqrr 6nrreru B EorbIrroü rcarp? Àarïre, noxa.ryücra, 6ra.ner.
V sac ecm 6wrcrrl B rupK?
10. Ha ynnqe:
llsnr,trrl.rre,oKÍDKI4Te,
noxa.ryrïcra, r4e Eolruroü tea'ip?
I,Igzre np-nrao.
94
YNPAXHEHIIfl üJIg PAEOTbI C MATHIITOOOHOM
(DOH ETI4q ECKI4E .III4KTAHTbI
1. Àau, TaM, HÍÌM, naKT, TaK, ÃoM, sraKan, yI![, Kor, Yc, cYn, 3oHT, crou, KTo,
6arox, 6anan, 6axra, ungyc, KaÍrrara, croJl, Mocr, [ocr.
2. flarr, (!arr, nryr,6lror, rryx, arr, $arr, 6yx, ruror,3Íurbr,TbÌlÍ,BauI,Karrycra,
ÍJIATa, KyCTbr, KATOK,rr,'IarOK, JIaMIrbr, 6arnu, yclr.
3. Crnr, caM, cou, 3BoH, no3a, tto3bI, ca3aH, 3aca.ua.[ÍyM, urë1, uryu. uë.1r,
TYU, ÃYU, UÍyrKâ, )KI4lr, Ca,6r, Ury6a, sraH, cralroK, IIÍ?ÍJI.
4. Arr.r6ap,Topr, rropr, 6opr, rpana, [paBa, rpoM, pbl6aK, KpacKa, fpoM, rpw,
rapÍDK[, rpyrrÌr4, rporu, Ap6ar, urap(f, ]IIToprr.r, [rrypM, ur:ra6rr, ulna6pa, .qpa-
ra, uryp$, ürropbr.
5. I{enrp, {ên-or,cqenu, TaHÌrbr,rlr4rara,MarpaIL aKIreHT,uI4pK,ueJI, ueHT,
II€HTbI.
6. ,4eur, TeHÉ,IrI4Tb,Ãyrb, rurbrrb, I,ÍÃeIrÍ,rtycrÉ, KoHb; .{anb, TroK, TKaHb,crarÉ-q,
ÍrJrarbtr, ówrcru, 6a.netn, $yr6o;t, cBer, lper.
7. Cutru, cunt'rú, usnt ., cerb, crarb, ucnz:r, 6ygrau , 6yaw, ne$rr, cneq, nom,,
cTaJïb,cTÍìJr,6mrTbl, BlrHTr,rK, cr:r, cepuü, cblp, cgp.
8. .{nnu, 6oüt, Ãrc:ia,,,t6ura, erëu, Bracrb, 6relr, ltlrrc, BaJrer,coprlr, ecrrr4,
y3rlbl, cÍrÍBbl, KrIIoqI,Í,KruIKcbI,cIIu, c[arb, crarhÍ, crapbrrÌ, Ì\.{y3hIKaHT,
Macr},,
rrurcc, c;ra6rrü, cr'rnr;nttit, rpacrrrü, pasnuü.
9. M-s.{, qacrb, qllcrra, vëpnrrü, [prlrr,rHbl, Hoqr4, Korrror, pyrerï, vucr, ceur,,
üepcTb, KolrrKlt, Hoqbro,ÍIyJIaHbI,Ì{epHb,qyryH, TÍItKt{, TaIIK}I.
10. Heurpr, uraxrbl, rllomyrb, rlex, qexlr, rrax, Tex, tttlrpb, ÌIrÍpMa, rrapM, cKaJ'ra,
rrmaJrbl,xeprBâ, xarDKa,Ã3or, coK, lüesr, u1n, xèur,r, xlmor.
11. Ilrarlrff(, rurtou, qâÌr{a, ryula, qaIrra, rqyKa, qyÃecurrrï, lr1ërrur, porqu,
rrfforq, ruuDKra,ruraq, [ypr4n, .neu1,Jlërra, uërcr, crnqrr, IeÌÌr<t,Í.
12. Ee.{Hrrür, Ãwronuü., cbrnbr, HrrrKr4, -nravnrrü, r:,zloluttï,t, necur, 6acrrz, uy:t,
ue:r, sa6oru, flTrrrlbr,pbÌTr,,pbrcb,pocrr, quSplr, ysrÌ,r, rrblrrb.
95
Vnpaatnenun
À 1 4 K T A HT b I
l. Oro Mocrna. Bor ÂoM.3ro rounara. Tyr vaua, Írana cbru.

2. Maua, rrarran cbÌHÃoMa.Bor KoMHara. Tau orcro.T,!"r,cro;r.
Bor cyn r,ÍcoK. 9To craKaHbr.
3. 9ro nauraKoMHara.Bor orcro. Tau ca4. Bor ryct.
4. CârTra I,ÍMaura.{orr,ra.
I4 Arrron Ãorvra.
5. 9ro naur 6par Anrou. On 4oua. A gro rot Aroc.
6. Oro uoü Ãplr. Oro Mo.ÍrfioÃpyra.9ro lroü 6par.
7. Kro sro? 9ro Balr Ãpyr'?Ãa, gro ÌuoüÃpyr IIIypa.
8. Brr gryÃern?[a, x cryÃerT.Kar BacaoByr?Merrr sonyr Mapr. A rar Bac
sonyr? Merra soayr Marc.
9. V Bac ecm 6par? la, y uenx ecrr 6par. Kar ero sony'r?Ero soryr Ba"qr,ru.
Ou ropracr?Her, on aprr{cr.
10. Morï a4pec.Mocrca, yrroIa lapr,r6anr4r. .{orr,r4ecxr. Kraprrapanmr.
11. Moü re.ne$on.Y re6g ecrr uoü reneSon?[a, .ecrr.
12. fl x*rty B Mocroe. A r4e Bu xlmëre? fl, xtzr.yn [y6He. A rae !y6lra?
.{y6Hana Bo;rre.
13. Kyaarrr ugëum?Ã uxy s romo. Trr.luo6nul romo?Oqenr nrc6nÍo.
14. Kyaa rrr ra4ënrr?fl ugy wa craÃrron.Trr lro6rnur cnopr? ,,{a, s rro6nrc
6acrer6o.n.A rrr? fl .nro6lro[rÍrxMarbr.
15. fae rÉorï 6par? On n ynlmepcrarere.On cry4enr? Her, on nperroÃaBa-
Telrb.
16. 9ro Baura rasera?.{a, uox. 3ro Baur lrypnal? [a, :vroír.
17. fae noqra? flo.rra ratvr.Y sac ecm vapror? la, noxa:ryücra.
18. Cro.rmro morr uaprul? Onr.r crosr oglcr py6.rmrúrrbÀecÍT KoÌreeK.
19. Oro Haur )'Hr4Bepclrrer. Bor Harrr Krlacc. Oro rrarrr npeno4anare.rr,. gro
HaÌrr loBaprflq ragMann.
20. 9ro Mor4Ãpy3b{. Anapeü xr.mër s Kraese. Hrcra xomër B Mocxae.
96
KJITOIII4K YNPAXHEHI4.IM
Vpor I
2. Moqoa, Bo,ua,oro, Anua, Anrou, ÃoMa,oKHo.
3.[M^crcs'a],[Ày6lra],["ra], [corl, [s^.(al,[Kycrl,[nan^ì.
4.Myxcrorï poÃ:ÃoM,coK,Kycr, Mocr, rrarra,AHToH;
cpe4nraipoÃ:oKHo;
xencrotft poÃ:Mocroa, BoÃ4,MaMa.
5. Mrr Ãonaa.I,I Brr Ãoua.Oro Anua. 9ro I4saH.Om Anron. Mrr
3HAKOMbI.
6.Mocroa, oruro;Mocr, cbIH.
7..{ou, oruo, l4naw,Attua,Anron.
Ypor 2
1. Mocrrr, croJIbI, JIaMÌrbI,3Írnt't.

2. MyxcroÍr poÃ:cron, uacc, Marc;
cpegntaÍapoÃ: cnoBo, MotroKo;
xencn'uï po.q:Bo.nra,launa, Mocxaa.
4. [vrr], [rnacc], [c;tosr], [Îcrol.
5. Kro ero? 9ro A;ura. Ona Ãoua. Kro gro? Oro Marc. Os Ãoua.
7. Kounara, Bo.nra,crol, MoJIoKo.
Vpor 3
l. Haura Mocrea, HarrrcaÃ,HarrreoKHo, BarrrHo)K,naura Bolra, naur

rana, Halrra Auna, naurr lrra$rr, Balra JroxKa, Balr ÃoM, BarÌra
KOMHara,BArrraMaürI4Ha,BalII CbrH,Hallr}Í oKHa, HÍ[rra ruKoJra.
2. Baurracro;rrr, HaIIrI,ÍcaÃu, Halrrrr Malrr4HÉr,Barrrr4KoMHarbI,
BAUII4 OKHA.
3. Mlurcxoft po4: urra$, Krracc,cbrn, croJr,MaJrbrru;
cperÍrr.rúpoÃ: cnoBo, oKHo;
xencxrnï poÃ: rlrKoJra,JÌoxKa, KoMHara,MaIIrI4Ha.
4. [norrrrll, [r"rga,rì, [rr.raurrrrrl, [car], [urro;rc], [rnyn], [cnoer],
Inou].
5. Kro sro? Oro naru crrn. gro Arron. Kax nac soeyr? A,ura. Mu
3HaKoMbr. 9ro gro? 9ro naura urKoJra.Bor naru rcracc.Bor nalr
caÃ.9ro HÍ rr ÃoM. Bor naura KoMHara.
7. Knacc. Cnoso. Kounata. IIka$. Ilkona.
8. Kounara, oKHo,ÃoM, caÃ.
Vpor 4
z- Myxcroft po.q: 6par, cbrp, LU,IpK,IIeHTp, pa3roBop, llpryrcr;

xencrurü poÃ: rroÃpyra,r/ÍKpa,crleua, pu6a, Aurapa.
J. lqenrpì, [cnn], [r"mn^<ol,lqbrpr], [^rp^noul, [yrpr], [nou],
[uânvlrì, [4pyx], [carl, [ruacrrr], ["rp^nou].
l3 3.R!t lt le59
4. 9ro IIIypa. .{a, ero uoü 6par. On a(norar (arponorvr).
5. Kar Bac sonyr? Marc. A rar Bac soayr? .{xolr. }ro Bau
4pyr?
[a, ero llran.
7. Mo;roro..Crrp. Mac.iro.Ko(pe. Topr.
8. Xypna.n, rrox, pu6a, 3aBrpaK.
Vpor 5
l Mytr<crorïpo1: Àplr, ropr, IOpa, 6par, nox;

xeucrunï pog: ë.rxa, noga;
cpe4nlü pog: r6noro, MonoKo,cJroBo.
2. Moq (raol) rorranara,uoú (moü) ÃoM, Mo_rr (raox) uaurrura,
rr,rolï(rnoú) npyr, lroë (rnoë) c.noao.
3. K:ro gro? Kax eë sonyr? Kro e,ro?Kar ero soew?
4. Hawu ca.qhr,Mor4xypHaJIbI, BaÌrrrrKoMHarbI,,uo" ooru, uu*"
CJIOBA.
5. [xo-irrgrrl, [xrpûro], [rontrrm], ln^lpyml,
[.nourrrl, [car],
[uu^ro], [apyr].
6. Oro Mocroa. Oro rlenrp. Ã ugy gouoit.Bor uoü 4ou. Oro uor.r
orcra. Bor MoÍ KoMHaTa. 9To Harrrruracc.gro yro? Oro Haürcro;r.
J(ro ero? Oro Mo.sfioÀpyra.Kar eë sonyr? Eë soayl 61çla.
_
7. Xo.no4no.Xopouro.Mocrca. C:roso.
8. flo4pyra, Ãpyr, arpouoM,aÃBoKar, Topr.
Vpor 6.
1. Iyut*t, [r'or'rl, [T"r,aur], [fl,orp], [cnopr], Irr^írr,kl,_nl.

2. Myxcrorã poÀ:xypnarr,Arns;
xencrc,nïpoÀ: crarh_s, KHI{ra,ceMbs,[oÃpyra.
Cpelxzü poÃ: Merpo.
J. Tërur, rolrrarrr, croJÌbr, MarüLrnbr,KaprrrHbr,Kaprbr, rearpbr.
4. Mox xoruuara, TBor ceMb.s,rr,roú4ou, ,uo" ,*r-u, MoÃ
sta:rÍ,rr,
Mor Marb, TBo_ÍTerpa.[b,rsolï orer1.
5. Ttr ne 3naetrrb,rro yro? [a, x snan, Kro sro. Oro cry4enr?
ero cry4eur. Kar ero son1,r?Ero:oeyt IOpa.
6. Marr, oreq, 6par, cectpa.
7. Tërs, ceMhq,orerI, cryÀenT,TerpâÌtr-.
Vpox 7.
1. Myr<crorï po4: lryaeü, Tearp, cryÃeHT,ÀrÃs, orerl;
xeHclotrï poÃ: croJrlltrIa, ylrwr\a, rocrI4HlIIIa,
.{Bepb,no)<Ka,
Tauxna, ltarr;
cpeÃHltrã poÃ: oKHO, MOJTOKO.
?. Y"" uam, uorï orer{,Mo_rr rëra, uoü gxgg,,woir6par, uoü crrn.
3. -ÍI-xroy n flerep6ypre.Moü orerl xrcër n [y6ne.-Moü.qp1r xr,reër
?--trupry.. fl, 6Hn s uysee..{ern 6rurr.rs Arrrra1rrtaB My3ee.
6rur B yr-r,rBepcr4rere.
Auna v VLlla;r-*óo..
6rr,run:reatpe..{eru
$Vna
6rrrlt s qrzpKe.Mot,tÃpysrxpa6orarorHa3aBo.qe.
98
Vnpaarcnenun
4. [car], [cr^rr,rurr], lla r'yúr'yl, [pr'lm'npc'rr'er], [uys'sü],

[cn^c'ra6r],l^Hrp'sftI.
5. Ão6prú 4erm,A;ura!,flo6prrft germ, An4peft! Ky4a rrr r44ëun,
Alrlra?lae ru 6rura, Nr:na?fl.6ua n qenrpe. Trr 6rrna n rearpe?
HEr, .s 6buraB My3ee.
6. Vrlmepcrrrr. Croru.qa. Tearp.
7. Mocrca. Iocrr.mcla. Cromala. Vnurepcrarer. Ilko.na.
8. Bn xeirarrr, Arqpeü? [a, x xewar. Batra xeua r,ulrerep? Ona
6nolor. lÃe ona pa6oraer?Ona pa6omer B r4Hcrr{Tyle.Kro sro?
9ro rvroücrur. On crygeuT?On cryaerr-$usrzr<.Brr pa6oraere
na sano4e? Àa, na saloÃe.
Vpor 8
l. 9Ls sro.{ocb? lleü sro oreu? {rs gro rounara? grra sro qacu?
IIeü e,ro6par? lleú ero .qpyr?9rlr ero xypnanrr? 9tn gro raserrr?
9rra ero aerra?tlr.Í gro uaurr,nra?
2. Ã .vlztrarc xypuaJr. Moü oreq pa6maer B rrrKoJre . Moü crnr xopoüro
rnrTaer. pa6oraroB My3oe . Epar rl cecrpa qrraror rrr,ÍcbMo.
-ÍI
3. Mo-srraarrpa6oranaB rrrKoJre. fl.,rzffan xypnaJr. Mox govr wmara
rrr,ÍcbMo.Moü gpyr pa6oran B ynr4Bepcrrrere. f4e pa6oran naur orcq?
Morï oreu pa6-ora.n Ha 3aBoÃo.l4e pa6ora;rarnox cecrpa?fÃe nrr
pa6oratrn'lBlr .rrrarLr xypna.n?
4. [p^6ov'ruï], [v'I,rrrrp'u], [rrlar'], [rusct'], [.u'sn'rar'1, [4,ec,rr,
v'uco(!|, [ov'mr'], [4ov'].
5.Meru sotyr Mapi,m.Ã r;pau.Í saMyxeru.9ro rr.roúrvrpr. Ero sonyr
Àxon.
6. Bpav, pa6owút, a,@oKar,)KypHaJlr4cr, alponoM, t4H)KeHep, apracr.
13. Bpau.9errrpe. Marr. .{o.n.
14.Crarrrare,rro sro? 9ro ruo-s4ovr. Kar eë sonyr? Eë sonyr Kar*.
Ona yxe pa6oraer?Het, ona ne pa6oraer.Ona crygernxa?Ona
cTyÃeHTKa.
Ypor 9
1. .ÍI xrmy s JIoHÃoHe. Mon.upyarx)KrrByrB Jlurepny.ne. Au4peüra

Hrarcrraxr{Byr B Kvece. -fl e4y n Kraen.Mor;rapyr e4er a Covn.
Àxorr z [xgr eayt n flerep6ypr. Mrr 6rurv B My3oe . .fl r4r n rear:p.
2. fl.'*rraro )Kypnan<.Mocxla>..fl.nro6:rro cflDoa.Mrr e4err,r n Kuet.
Ouu ra4n B KLrHo.Ona 6rua B Tearpe.Ona pa6oruer B [rr(oJre.
3. fl.6lutr r flercp6ypre. Í 6rur n rea,rpe..ÍI )KzByB Kr,rese._g6rl,,rs
rcrro. Í xir4ByB Mouoe . fl, ugy u napr. .Í[ e4y r Covn.
4. Oro nroü apyr Aruperï I4sauos. Orl xrasër n Kzeae. On pa6ovr.nï.
On pa6oraetHa 3aBoÃe. Ero xena npau.Oro w( Ãe.rfi.Bor ro<Ãou.
Onn ganno )Krmyrryr.
5. gro lvro.sceMËs.9ro uoft oreq. On pa6ovraï. On pa6oraer na
3aBoÃe.On .nro6rarpa6orarr. Bevepou ox rno6lrr il4Tarb )KypHaJrbr r{
ra3erbr.Oro uo-s uarl. Ona npav. Ona pa6omer r 6o.rrrnr.nre. Ora
13. 99
.rno6rr pa6marr. Bor rvroü6pat. On sryÃer , KaKn s. On o.reH6
.mo6rarcnopr. On.mo6m xorcceü.gro uos cecrpa. Ona pa6oraer n
ynÍrBepcrrTere.
Ona rqreuo4aaaro.nr. Ona mo6ür rarsreaarÉLrrrerb.
Ona o.reub.nro6rr tearp.
6. Jlywue rro34{o, .rerr,Írfld<orau.Vrpo aevepaMyÃpenee.
Vpor l0
l. .{ roaopro no-pyccKu. On rrnoxoroBoprrr [o-pyccKrl. Brr ronoprre

no-anurrïcrçr? Her, x He roBoprono-anurmircr<u.Otrtao.reÍrr
xopo[ro roBop.Írr[o-pyccKrÍ. Moü cmr HeMHororoBopr4r
no-anr.nmïcrçr.BauruÃerl4roBopÍT no-arrarttcrcr. Barrra.Eo.rÉ
mxe roBopr4tno-arurl ãcKI{?
2. llerrrpe py6ns, ÃBaularr pyúreü, ,rprdrlrcÍrm py6leü.
3. Moü crnr, rr,roüuyx, uoü ronaprnrSuoü npavj '
MOq ÃO!{É, MO-'IXeHa, MorI BeII[b, HaIIIa IIoqTa, Mog qautr<a;
Moë rMcbMo.
5. .ÍI:rc,oy B JIoHÃoHe. .fl npav.
-fl xenar. Mos xena ne pa6maer.
9ro naruz .4eur.Mrr egeu n flerep6ypr. Mor xorÌa roBoprrr
no-pyccKr4.
r00
Preface
A$habetArrparr4r ....,....,...:....... ..............................5
Tableof thehardconsonants. Ta6nraqanepgbrx coüracHLrx..,.........................,......6
Tableof the soft consonants. Ta6nwp MÍrKHxcoflracHbrx..,.-,-.--.-.-.-..,.--.-.-.6
Tableof combinations of the consonants.Ta6nrua coqeraHuüco racnbrx............7
Someprincipalpecúiaritiesof RussianPhoneticSystem................,..........,..,.............8
Lessonl. ìrPOK IIEPBbIIï.
Vowelsa[a], o [o],y [y], e [e],u [u], u [u].
Syllable. Consonants u [rra],6[6],n [n],n [e], ô [ô], Ã[Ã], r[r], n[n], r [r],
x [r], s [:], c [c]. Stressedandunstressed vowels.Reductionofrmstressed vowels.
The Genderof Norurs.The Nominative Case.Omissionin the PresentTenseof the
EquivalentofEnglishVerb <TO BE>.TheFirstIntonâtionalConstruçtion (lIK-l).
Homework.
Lesson2. I.POK BTOPOü. ..................... ..........21
The Hard Consonantx [n]. The Plural ofNorms. The SecondIntonational
Construction(LIK-2). Homework.
Lesson3. yPOK TPETIIü ..................................25
TheHardConsonantsil [ür], x [x]. Possesive PronounsHAIII our(s),BAIII
your(s).VoicedandVoicelessConsonants. Homework.
Lesson4. l?OK !IETBEPTbtrï. ................. .................................30
The Hard Consonantp [p]. The Hard Consonantq [q]. The Third Intonational
Construction
tr{K-3.Homework.
Lesson5. frPOK IIflTbü
TheHardConsonant x [x]. The SoftConsonantü [ü]. Letterse, ë, ro, e.
PossessivePronorms1 and2 PersonsSingular.TheHardStemAdjectives.
(Whatkind of ... raxoü, xarax, xaxoe). QuestionandAnswers.
Functionsof Adjectives in a Sentence.Homework.
Lesson6. YPOK IIIECTOü. +)
TheSoftConsonants [6'], [n'], [s'], tQ'1,tr"r'1,[H'], [r'], [n'].
TheNegativeAnswersto the Questionwith IIK-3. The Letter <o>.The Verbs.
The Conjugationof úe Verb 3HATb (to know). The PesentTense.
Imperativeof the verbs.Homework.
Lesson7. yPOK CEIFMOü. .................... ..................................50
The Soft Consonant[n']. The Conjugationofúe verbsJIIOEIITb (ro love).
Thè PresentTense.The AccusativeDenotingthe Direct Objectof Nouns
InanimateMasculineandNerÍer. The Soft Consonant[p']. The Conjugation
of the Verb XI,ITb (to live). QuestionF[E? (where?)
The PrepositionalofNouns. The PrepositionalDenotingPlace.
TheEndingsofúe Prepositional Singutar.The SoftConsonant [c'], [s'].
The Conjugationof the Verb PAEOTATb (to work).
The PastTenseof the Verb. The Verb EbITb (to be)
in the PresentandPastTense.Homework.
Lesson8. ì.POKBOC6MOü .............................61
The SoftConsonant.r [v']. Countl(l-20)
Koropuü uac?what time is it? The conjugation of úe verb gzrATb (to read).
TheAccusativeDenotingThe Direct o_Uect.The conjugation orae verb
4EleÍl
(to do). ïhe IntenogativePronotm tIEü (whose?).The Fo'rth Intonational
Construction(IIK-4). Proverb.Homework.
Lesson9. ì.POK ruBffTbü ...............................j2

The SoftConsonants [r'], [r'], [x,]. The Conjugationof the VerbfOBOp?ITb
(to speak,to say).The Conjugationof VerbsHITI4 (to go, to walk) and EXATb
(to go,to havel by...).Expressionof PlaceandDirection.
The Constructionúth úe Questions|ÀE? and KyÀA?
The ConstructionCKOJIbKO CTO?IT...?(How muchis ... D CKOJIbKO
CTO-flT...?(How muchare... ?). Conjugationof úe Verbsby modelgI{TATb,
CTIPAIIII,IBATb, OTBEqATb, CJIYIIIATb, IOHI4MATb, I43YI{ATb.
AyMATb. Conjugationof theVerbsby model III4CATb (ro write).
Text <Mu r.r3yqaeM pyccKrü qslm>>.TheAdverbs.Homework.
Lesson10.yPOKmCflïbtrï .............................87
The Soft Consonantq [rq']. The Plural ofúe Nouns.The Fifth Intonational.
Construction (ZK-5). Text <Mocrga). Homework.
Singwiú us:Kannrlxa.Karroura........... ..............,.91

Russianspeech,Conventions, Kar rouop_rrno-pyccrü4..,..,....,..........................,......93
VnpaxHeHrax gnr pa6orrr c rraarnrarotpouoM.......,........,...... ..........95
(Doueruqecrre Ãr{KTaHTbr....,... ...,....,....,.,....,.........95
,{r.rxranrrr........ .....,..........,......,..,...96
Key to exercises. Kruoqr x ynpaxHeHúrM.. ...,..,....g7
Bao4nrü rloneruxo-rpaMMarrìqecxuo ÃrÍ nrrq,roBop.suüxro-aHür'üc*r.r

-rï;1lrï.i:ïr,rKa
T.V. Shustikova
Introductory Russian phonetic-grammar course for English speakers
JIP lrtb064795or I 6.I 0.I 996

Cxano a na6op 23.03.1997.
flosnrcaao r rcqa.m2.06.1997. @opuar 60x90/g.
ËyMaraoôcsrHar.ne.r. n.13.Tr4rax 50003rc. 3aKa3JÊ19S9.
3AO (CoBelllleucrBon, ll732l, À4oçrca,alt 44.
Omeqarauo c torororo opïnruarr-Ma(era D CÀroreuc(oü o6aaç"rnoü

op4eaa <3nax llorera> rrmorpaQan ru. Cuupuooa
214000,Cuoneacr,np-r tol. IO.farapruta, 2
ìX'
-\/-.-
-,.-\
-/-- '
4\
COBEPruEHCTBO
I{onurconâH., lllycrnrcoBaT.
Pyccxan zp&MJwemuKa e ma6nurl&x.
flar.nn4nocrr ra6.nnqnoro Marepr{ala B npeÀranaeMoru

yve6nou noco6nu
no3BoJrfleraHnroroBopflrrlrrMyqaurrucfl, rÍ3yqaroqrrMpyccruü q3brn,nouflTb ero
Jlorlrny, a 3Harrr.rr,
Jrerqe3anoMnr{Tr,
Ty lrJurr.nryroQopuy. Kax4ar ra6.nnqa
cna6xena KoHKperHbrMu
rrpnMepaMtl,B3flTbtMr{
rr3coBpeMenuoropa3roBopnoro
fl3btrca,qro no3BoJrfleryqaurr{McflyBltÀerb,KaKTo rlJrnrnoe QopnrenxoenpaBr.uto
pear[3yeTcq B pequ.
IIrÀaHue Moxer 6urr unrepecno rr flpenoÀanarerflMpyccnoro fl3brnaKaK
Irnocrpaunoro, Koropbtepa6oraror c aunrofl3btqHoüay4uropneü.
IIo aonpocatuonmo66tx3&KynoKo6pat4aúmeco
e Qapuy uCooeptueucmeo'.
KonmaxmnwúmeneQon:( 095) 362-83I I
' .\l /,
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-...
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â
COBEPIIIEHCTBO
Bceeòa e accopmuMeHme6onee 1000 uauueHoeaHuúKHueno

ncuxofioeuu, neÔaeoeuKe, @unocoSuu, ucmopuu u
Kynbmyponoeuu. 6onuwoü e]6op yqe6Ho-pa3suea,ouleú,
MemoÔuqecKoú,õyxoeHoú numepamypbt, yqeõHuKoeu yqe6Hbtx
uKofi u ey3oe.
noco6uúÒnna6umypueHmoe,
aBTopoB il aBTopcKl4eKonfleKTuBblK
flpurnauaeu K corpyÃHl4t'recrBy
coanecrxoü pa6ore B nporpaMMe "f'lpaxrnvecxan ncrxoflorilg B
o6pasoaanru", a raoxe no il3ÃaHiltoKHír no nonynlpnoú ncuxonortar4,
yve6noüu uHrenneKryanunoünÍreparypbt.
lìpnrnauraeu K corpyAHnltecrByKHilroroproBbleopÍaHrcaqutí 14roproBblx

nperqcraBnreneú a pernonax.
ffnn nrceu:117321,Mocxea,aln M.
Tene$on/$axc: (095)362-83-18.
E-mail:[email protected].
Web-crpannqa:http://www.perfection.sitek.ru.
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Pvcckoro G3Bika: Bboãhbrü ' Oo H Etii Ko. F Pammatúq N Ckvifi Kypc

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What is the purpose of the introductory course?

What is the purpose of the introductory course?

What topics does the course cover?

What topics does the course cover?

T.B.

Vqe6lrux o6ecneqtnagt co3Hare,r6HoeoBnaÃeHrreocHoBaMH

The ímponance of the elementary stage ín leaching Russian as a foreign languoge is

3'a'{e','e HaqaÌJr.HorogTarrarpr{ o6yuenun pyccKoMy Í3bIKy KaK I,ÍHocrpaHHoMy

Aa lal Nevada Henaga

NÌA - IÌIO - ÌIIy - IIIE - ]]II4

BBA - BBO - BBI4 OIIA - Ono - ollt4 3KA [CKA] - CKA

PA - TPA _ BTPA IOTPA] - CTPA - BCTPA IOCTPA]

IACK _ CKNA - OPCK _ IIOJIbCK - KYPCK,

As in Engiish, the Russianconsonantsare divided into voiced and voiceless.

Hard and Soft Consonants

Harana noÈh?(lIK-3) DoesNataliesing?

The sentences though identical by their lexico-syntactical structure may

Ki* ona noër! (I{K-5) How beautifuttyshe sings!

- E.A.Epsrsrynoaa. pyccxoüpewr". M., 1972.

- Bu 6run r rearpe? - Were you at the theatre?

- Bu 6ruln r rearpe? - Wereyou at the theatre?

Lesson1. YPOK IIEPBbIII

a-o -y y-o -a a- 3- r r r |- 3- a a- o- y- I|- 9- â

y a! (y -a!) ay! (a-y!)

Consonants u_[nl, 6 [õ1,n [nl, r [r], 0 [01, ] hl,

u [ul = [ml sUoke

Ex. 3. Read.Differentiatethe vowels.

Don't forget that in the articulation of the Russian the tip

Ex. 6. Read and rememberthe pronouns.

e [s] : [z] peasant 3 a -3 it -3 ()-3 y -3 H

cold - sleep cw - soup YC- moustoche3oHT- umbrella

ÃoM- house, Kysr - bush - CAt

a lal TAM Arnón 6awâr, caÃoBoÃ MAMA

Ex. 9. Read. Pay attention to tho stress.

sauóx - lock {auox - castle

pre-stressedpart shessedpart post-stressedpart

The Genderof Nouns

Masculine (m) Feminine (0 Neuter

Arura llran . Arron

pre-stressedpart stressedpart, center of IIK-I post-stressedpart

Ãa. Yes. 9ro Anron. He is Antony. Kounara. Room.

Ero AHfla. OHa Ãoua.

Lesson2. YPOK BTOPOü

â - an - aJr sa:r a hall

paying attentionto the intonation.

The Plural of Nouns

Center of l4K-2 Post-stressed

. Ex' 4' Pay attention to the intonational schemes. The center

Kto ryr? Tyr Á,rua.

Ex. 5. Make up the sentences

1) - Kax Bac eoryr? - fuua.

l. Write in plural form:

2. Write the genderof nouns: .

Ex. l. Readthe syllables,wordsand sentences.

3'o CL.. Ero M"t.. üKarp MAÀbIIII

book case baby

Names: Canra (m,fl pet nameof "Alexander"

PossesivePronounsEMIII our(s), BNII your(s)

4 3rrdr J\i 1959 25

tro..4L. 9^, ,rr Íto"0ttuanL(2.97(o,^, omrL urgr.

i, fl,n, f, 6ë, ,ffi, Nqrxr@,rt^//a&o,