MOTOR PROTECTION RELAY

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

MOTOR PROTECTION RELAY

PATENTS U.S. 4,241,336 4,224,651
CANADA 1,130,383

COPYRIGHT 1982, 1986, 1988 MULTILIN

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

215 Anderson Ave., PO Box 2700

Markham, Ontario, Canada L3P 4C7
Tel: (905) 294-6222 Fax: (905) 294-8512
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Motor Protection Requirements ................................................... 1
1.2 Protect 4A Features ..................................................................... 3
1.3 Typical Applications ..................................................................... 4
1.4 Order Code .................................................................................. 5
1.5 Technical Specifications .............................................................. 6

2. INSTALLATION
2.1 Physical Dimensions ................................................................... 7
2.2 Mounting ...................................................................................... 9
2.3 External Wiring .......................................................................... 10
2.4 Control Power ............................................................................ 11
2.5 Trip Contacts ............................................................................. 12
2.6 Thermistor Input ........................................................................ 12
2.7 Programmable Controller Output .............................................. 14
2.8 Tamper Proof Cover .................................................................. 14
2.9 Field Options — Auto Reset .................................................... 15
Mechanical Jam ............................................ 16
Ground Fault Indication Only ........................ 16
Single Phase Defeat ..................................... 17
Factory Service ............................................. 17
2.10 Environment .............................................................................. 17

3. SETUP AND USE

3.1 Control and Indicators ............................................................... 19
3.2 Full Load Control ....................................................................... 20
3.3 Stall Time Control ...................................................................... 23
3.4 Ground Fault (Earth Leakage) Level Control ............................ 24
3.5 Ground Fault (Earth Leakage) Time Delay Control ................... 25
3.6 Single Phase Detection ............................................................. 26
3.7 Thermistor Trip Detection .......................................................... 27
3.8 Reset/Test Button ...................................................................... 28
3.9 Motor Amps Output .................................................................... 29
3.10 Fault Diagnosis .......................................................................... 30

4. RELAY TESTING
4.1 Commissioning Tests ................................................................. 31
4.2 Overloads .................................................................................. 33
4.3 Single Phasing ........................................................................... 34
4.4 Ground Fault/Earth Leakage ..................................................... 35
4.5 Thermistor ................................................................................. 37
4.6 4-20 mA Output ......................................................................... 38
4.7 Routine Maintenance Verification .............................................. 39
4.8 Problem Troubleshooting ........................................................... 40

5. THEORY OF OPERATION
5.1 Hardware ................................................................................... 42
5.2 Firmware .................................................................................... 45
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 MOTOR PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

Three phase AC motors have become the workhorse of mod-
ern industry. Although motors are generally reliable devices,
many different causes ranging from abnormal conditions to op-
erator abuse can result in premature failure. Newer motors also
tend to be designed much closer to the normal operation limits
allowing less margin for abuse.

Sophisticated electronic relays are now normally used on large

high voltage motors to protect against a wide range of possible
fault conditions. High cost has precluded the use of these re-
lays on less expensive motors. In these applications, a simple
thermal overload is usually used. While inexpensive, these de-
vices only give limited protection under one type of fault condi-
tion — overloads.

The PROTECT 4A relay is designed to provide protection

against the four main causes of motor failure: overloads, single
phasing, ground faults (earth leakage) and overheating (ther-
mistor sensing). The Protect 4A relay is economical enough in
price that it can be used with low and medium voltage motors,
bridging the gap between expensive, sophisticated relays and
economical thermal overloads which are of limited effectiveness.
While no relay can prevent normal wear on the motor, the Pro-
tect 4A has been optimized to give maximum motor life without
unnecessary production shutdown from overprotection. Controls
are simple and self explanatory for ease of use.

Current sensing is achieved through the use of separate phase

and ground fault CTs connected directly to the PROTECT 4A
relay. Three 5 amp or 1 amp secondary CTs are used to sense
motor phase currents. The three phase current wires pass
through the window of a 2000:1 CT for ground fault sensing.

1
FIGURE1-1 PROTECT 4A TYPICAL SYSTEM CONNECTION

2
1.2 PROTECT 4A FEATURES
A microcomputer housed in a rugged, industrial package al-
lows the Protect 4A to provide accurate, economical protection
in a unit that will outlast the life of the motor. Since many new
factories are using programmable controllers as automation in-
creases, a 4-20mA output of motor current is also provided elimi-
nating the need for an additional transducer. This output gives
a direct reading of motor current.

Fault diagnosis after a trip is displayed on front panel indica-

tors. This will allow operators and electricians to rapidly isolate
and correct problems. It is possible to verify correct operation
of an installed Protect 4A relay to ensure that the motor protec-
tion is functioning properly.

One Protect 4A relay is required per motor. Phase and ground

fault currents are monitored through current transformers so that
motors of any line voltage can be protected. The relay is used
as a pilot device to cause a contactor or breaker to open under
fault conditions; that is, it does not carry the primary motor cur-
rent. Figure 1-1 shows how the Protect 4A is connected into a
system for complete motor protection.

TABLE 1-1 PROTECT 4A FEATURES

PROTECTION FEATURES
• Overloads • Fault Diagnosis
(8 Time Cur ves) • 4–20mA Output of Motor
• Locked Rotor/Stall Current
• Mechanical Jam • Overload Status Indicator
• Multiple Starts • Economical
• Single Phasing • Compact — Plug In
• Ground Fault/Earth • Universal Models
Leakage (Trip or indica- Simplify Spares
tion only)
• Overheating (Thermistor
Sensing)

3
1.3 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Versatile features make the Protect 4A an ideal choice in a wide
range of motor applications. It should be considered for these
and other typical uses:
1) Basic protection on low and medium voltage motors. The
lowest horsepower selected for protection in an installa-
tion will depend on frequency of motor failure.

2) Protection of motors and equipment from operator abuse

3) Personnel safety from shock hazard using sensitive ground

fault settings to detect winding shor ts or leakage current
from moisture in mines.

4) Fault indication of ground fault without shutdown to warn

that corrective maintenance is required.
5) Mechanical protection of gears, pumps, fans, saw mills, cut-
ters and compressors against mechanical jam.

6) Simplified spare parts stocking using one universal model

to cover all motor sizes and settings.

7) Output of motor current suitable for programmable controller

interface (4–20mA).

The motor phase currents are sensed by 3 conventional 1 amp

or 5 amp secondary current transformers (CTs). If ground fault
sensing is required then a separate zero sequence ground fault
CT, through which all 3 phase conductors pass, is required. This
CT is available in 2 sizes: HGF-3 (3½" diameter window) or HGF-
5 (5½" diameter window).

Note: Ground fault sensing only works on systems that are solid
or resistance grounded. Ungrounded systems require an artifi-
cial ground, through the use of a zigzig transformer, for ground
fault sensing to work.

4
1.4 ORDER CODE
TABLE 1-2 RELAY ORDER CODE

RELAY
PROTECT 4A — 120

PART NO. DESCRIPTION

PROTECT 4A Standard relay

— 120 120 VAC control voltage

— 240 240 VAC control voltage

PHASE SENSING CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

Any standard 5 amp secondary 5 VA or greater CT can be
used. 3 phase CTs per PROTECT 4A are required. 1 amp
CT operation available on special order.
PART NO. DESCRIPTION
CT-100:5 100:5
CT-150:5 150:5
CT-200:5 200:5
CT-250:5 250:5
CT-300:5 300:5
CT-500:5 500:5
CT-1000:5 1000:5

GROUND FAULT CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

1 required for ground fault sensing:

PART NO. DESCRIPTION

HGF3 3½" Window 2000:1

HGF5 5½" Window 2000:1

5
1.5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
TABLE 1-3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
FULL LOAD CURRENT MOTOR AMPS OUTPUT
50-100% PHASE CT RATING OUTPUT CURRENCY: 4 mA = 0 AMPS
INPUT: 0-8 TIMES MAXIMUM RANGE 20 mA = PHASE CT RATING
CURRENT ACCURACY: LINEAR ±5% FULL SCALE
FREQUENCY: 48-62 Hz, 3 PHASE SINUSOID MAXIMUM LOAD
MAXIMUM INPUT: 8 TIMES FULL LOAD 25 SECONDS RESISTANCE: 350 OHMS
12 TIMES FULL LOAD 2 SECONDS SATURATION
OUTPUT: 30 mA MAX

FULL LOAD CONTROL — AMPS

RANGE: 50-100% PHASE CT RATING OUTPUT CONTACTS
CALIBRATED VALUE:3 PHASE SINEWAVE-RMS TYPE: SINGLE FORM C NO/NC
EQUIVALENT SILVER CADMIUM OXIDE
PICKUP ACCURACY: ±5% FULL SCALE RATINGS: STANDARD PILOT DUTY
OVERLOAD TIMES: ±10% CURVE VALUE 120/240 VAC 10 AMPS
MECHANICAL JAM: ACTIVATED AT 3 TIMES FULL LOAD @ 80% P.F.
SETTING IF ENABLED. 360VA
NOMINAL DELAY — 1 SECOND 28 VDC 10 AMPS

SINGLE PHASE CONTROL POWER

ACTIVATION: SEVERE UNBALANCE/SINGLE 120VAC INPUT RANGE: 85-140 VAC
PHASE DEFEATED IF MOTOR 240VAC INPUT RANGE: 170-280 VAC
AVERAGE CURRENT < 40% FULL FREQUENCY: 48-62 Hz
LOAD SETTING POWER: 5VA
TRIP DELAY: 5 SECONDS ±2 SECONDS

THERMISTOR INPUT
HOT TRIP
RESISTANCE: 2800-3300 OHMS PHYSICAL
COLD RESET SHIP CARTON
CARTON
RESISTANCE: 250 OHMS MAX PRODUCT WEIGHT DIMENSIONS
TRIP DELAY: 3 SECONDS ±1 SECOND
PROTECT 4A
4 lbs 5¼" × 5¼" × 7½"
THERMISTOR MEMORY MODEL 8.8 kg 133mm × 133mm × 191mm
ACTIVE: MOTOR RUNNING/STOPPED WITH
CONTROL POWER
CLEAR: POWER ON OR RESET AFTER TRIP HGF3 2.2 lbs 2½" × 6½" × 6½"
COOL RATE: 5 MINUTES TO CLEAR MEMORY 1 kg 64mm × 165mm × 165mm
@10 SEC STALL SETTING
RESET: NO LOCKOUT ON TRIP
HGF5 3.8 lbs 3" × 8" × 9"
1.5 kg 76mm × 204mm × 228mm
GROUND FAULT/EARTH LEAKAGE
TRIP LEVEL: 1-10A ±15% PRIMARY CURRENT
FULL SCALE ENVIRONMENT
(0.5A MAX WITH CONTROL FULLY TEMPERATURE RANGE
ANTI-CLOCKWISE) –10°C — +60°C
TRIP DELAY: TIMES AT < 25% PICKUP
THRESHOLD CERTIFICATION: CSA
30ms 7-30ms TYPICAL 30ms MAX
50, 100ms: ±15ms
200, 300, 500, 750,
100ms: ±15%

6
 2. INSTALLATION

2.1 PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS

Dimensions of the Protect 4A relay and mounting components
are shown in fig. 2-1. Both the clear cover and the terminal board
are detachable from the relay. The case is made of rugged plastic
with a clear cover for viewing indicators and control settings.

Phase CTs with 1 amp or 5 amp secondaries should be used.

These can be standard CTs which are user supplied. Dimen-
sions for CTs available from Multilin are shown in figure 2.2. If
zero sequence ground fault detection is required, the appropri-
ate ground fault CT shown in figure 2-3 must be installed.

FIGURE 2-1 RELAY DIMENSIONS

REAR VIEW

7
FIGURE 2-2 PHASE CT DIMENSIONS

FIGURE 2-3 GROUND FAULT CT DIMENSIONS

8
2.2 MOUNTING
Normally the Protect 4A relay will be mounted on a panel or
motor control center door so that the indicators can be viewed
and the reset button is directly accessible. A square cutout is
made in the door as shown in fig. 2-1. The relay is then placed
in the cutout and two mounting brackets are installed to hold it
in place as shown in fig 2-4. The terminal board socket is wired
and plugged into the back of the relay. A spring retaining clip
that goes into slots on the back of the relay is provided with the
relay. This should be installed to prevent the terminal board from
working loose.

If it is desirable to let operators reset a tripped Protect 4A relay,

the cover plate should be mounted with the reset hole plug over
the reset switch. If it is in inconvenient to remove the plug when
resetting the unit is necessary, an extender shaft can be ob-
tained that protrudes through the front cover hole and fits over
the reset button. Tamper proof screws are also available for at-
taching the cover to prevent access to the controls or the reset
switch by unqualified personnel.

FIGURE 2-4 RELAY MOUNTING

9
2.3 EXTERNAL WIRING
A typical wiring diagram for the Protect 4A relay is shown in
figure 2-5. Connections are made to the terminal board pro-
vided which is then plugged onto the Protect 4A relay. Protect
4A relays are interchangeable and can be quickly replaced by
a standard spare unit regardless of the motor current range.

Separate phase and ground fault CTs are wired directly to the
back of the Protect 4A. It is recommended that the ground fault
CT wires be twisted together to minimize noise pickup.

FIGURE 2-5 TYPICAL WIRING DIAGRAM

10
2.4 CONTROL POWER
Control power must be applied to the Protect 4A relay before
energizing the motor for correct operation. Supply voltage can
be selected as 120VAC or 240VAC by a selector switch on the
power supply board.

The supply voltage for which the relay is set will be clearly mark-
ed on the wiring diagram label attached to the outside of the
relay. If the supply voltage is to be changed, the cover must be
removed and the selector switch shown in fig. 2-6 set accordingly.
When changing the supply voltage be sure to mark the new
voltage on the terminal label for future reference.

Full accuracy of the Protect 4A relay will be maintained over a

wide range of supply voltages which are typically found in in-
dustrial environments (85-140VAC) or (170-275VAC) 48-62Hz.
When the control voltage drops below the minimum voltage,
the PROTECT 4A output contacts go into the trip condition to
provide fail-safe operation. Whenever control power is applied
to the Protect 4A, it will come on in the state present at loss of
power.

Since the reset for the Protect 4A relay is electrical, control power
must be applied when the relay reset button is pushed.

FIGURE 2-6 CONTROL VOLTAGE SELECTION

11
2.5 TRIP CONTACTS
One set of form C normally open/normally closed contacts are
provided for switching up to 240VAC, 10 amps, 360VA which
should be adequate for most loads. Silver cadmium oxide con-
tacts are provided because of their ability to withstand high in-
rush inductive loads. Connection of the trip contacts to the motor
contactor or breaker is shown in the typical wiring diagram fig-
ure 2-5.

When the relay is ready for motor starting, the contacts for termi-
nals 1, 2, 3 will be as shown in figure 2-5. When the relay trips,
or if control power is lost, the contacts will change to the oppo-
site condition. However, if this change occurred from lost con-
trol power, the main relay will return to its normal operating state
when power is re-applied, without having to reset the relay.

The output contacts can be returned to the untripped state by

pressing the reset button or by selecting the auto reset option
(section 2.9.1.).

2.6 THERMISTOR INPUT

In order to use the thermistor sensing feature the motor being
protected must have a suitable thermistor sensor embedded in
the stator winding. This is normally fitted when the motor is built
or rewound although it may be possible to retrofit a thermistor
into the end turns of some motors. Thermistors exhibit a non-
linear characteristic and the Protect 4A is designed to match a
characteristic similar to that shown in figure 2-7. The actual trip
temperature of the thermistor is specified when it is ordered.
Consult the factory for recommended thermistor types that will
work with the Protect 4A relay.

If three thermistors are installed in the motor connect them in

series as shown in figure 2-8. When combining several ther-
mistors in series, care should be taken to ensure that the maxi-
mum cold resistance including wiring resistance does not
exceed the trip temperature resistance. If any thermistor over-
heats in this configuration the relay will trip. Should no thermis-
tor be installed in the motor it is not necessary to make any

12
connection to terminals 5 and 6. A no sensor detector will pre-
vent the relay from tripping. Alternately, a jumper can be placed
across these two terminals. The Protect 4A relay is not suit-
able for use with RTDs (resistance temperature detectors).

If no thermistor is used, put a jumper between terminals 5 and

6 to prevent nuisance tripping from noise. Shielded wire should
be used for the thermistor input especially if the wiring is near
high current conductors or if the motor is remotely situated. Max-
imum shield effectiveness is obtained if the shield is grounded
at one end only.

FIGURE 2-7 THERMISTOR CHARACTERISTIC

FIGURE 2-8 THERMISTOR CONNECTION

13
2.7 PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLER OUT-
PUT
In many installations an output of motor current into a program-
mable controller is desirable. Terminals 4 (+ VE) and 5 (-VE)
provide a DC output of 4-20mA proportional to motor current.
The 20mA output is obtained at the rated CT ratio. For exam-
ple, if a 600:5 CT is used, at 600 Amps the output would be
20mA. The output saturates below 30mA during overloads to
prevent damage to the programmable control.

2.8 TAMPER PROOF COVER

If limited access to the Protect 4A controls is desired to prevent
settings from being altered by operators, tamper proof screws
and a special installation tool can be ordered. The normal cover
screws are replaced with these special screws so that the cover
cannot be removed without the tool. The cover can also be ro-
tated 180 degrees and a plug placed over the reset button hole.
This prevents access to the reset button so that only qualified
personnel can reset the relay once it has tripped.

2.9 FIELD OPTIONS

It is possible to change some features on the relay in the field
for specific applications. Refer to the internal switch setting loca-
tion diagram fig. 2.9 to set the field options.

14
FIGURE 2-9 FIELD PROGRAMMABLE OPTIONS

2.9.1 AUTO RESET

Normally a Protect 4A relay will only reset after a trip by push-
ing the reset button. If it is required to automatically reset when-
ever a trip occurs, set switch S306 on. The relay will automatically
reset about 5 seconds after tripping. Note that the indicators
will also reset so that the cause of the trip will not be apparent.
If auto reset is used, ensure that the motor can only be restarted
by an operator once the fault has been cleared.

15
2.9.2 MECHANICAL JAM
Overloads will normally cause a trip according to the overload
curves of fig. 3-2. In some situations it may be desirable to pro-
tect associated mechanical equipment against a jam while runn-
ing. Setting switch S303 off will cause the relay to trip whenever
the current rises above 3 times the FULL LOAD—AMPS con-
trol setting for one second while the motor is running

The Protect 4A automatically defeats mechanical jam during

the high starting inrush current but enables this option (if switch
S303 is off) as soon as the inrush current drops below the FULL
LOAD AMPS setting. This feature is especially useful in appli-
cations such as pumps and fans where overloads are not part
of normal operation. Mechanical jam will activate the overload
indicator.

2.9.3 GROUND FAULT INDICATION ONLY

In some resistance grounded systems a single ground fault
detector is used to monitor a complete bus feeding numerous
motors. If one of the motors develops a ground fault, an alarm
condition is registered on the central ground fault monitor but
the motors may be allowed to continue running to prevent a
production shut down. This is possible since the ground fault
current is resistance limited, however the faulty motor should
be repaired as soon as possible because a second ground fault
on another phase could cause a phase to phase short circuit
resulting in extensive damage. If the motors don’t have indi-
vidual ground fault protection, the whole bus must be sched-
uled for a convenient shutdown and each motor checked until
the faulty one is found.

A ground fault above the trip settings will normally cause the
Protect 4A to trip with a ground fault indication. Setting switch
S304 off will cause the ground fault indicator to activate but will
inhibit a trip due to a ground fault. If each motor is equipped
with a Protect 4A and this feature is selected, when the central
monitor registers a ground fault, it is only necessary to look at
each Protect 4A to locate the faulty motor. The defective motor
can then be shut down and repaired when convenient without
shutting down the rest of the bus and testing every motor.
16
This scheme is not suitable for solidly grounded systems since
any motor which develops a ground fault should be shut down
immediately due to the high current that can flow.

Once the ground fault indicator is set it can only be reset by

pressing the reset button. This makes it particularly useful for
detecting momentary ground faults due to initial insulation break-
down and arcing or excessive moisture in mines,

2.9.4 SINGLE PHASE DEFEAT

Systems such as variable speed controllers may produce non-
sinusoidal waveforms that may cause nuisance tripping of the
single phase detection. If this is a problem, the single phase
protection may be defeated by setting switch S305 off.

2.9.5 FACTORY SERVICE

Switches S301/S302 are used for factory calibration. They
should be left off for correct operation.

2.10 ENVIRONMENT
Precision components and rugged industrial packaging are us-
ed to ensure that Protect 4A relays will perform accurately and
reliably over a wide range of conditions typical of industrial en-
vironments around the world. Some of the features incorporated
into the Protect 4A design to ensure trouble free operation and
useful life longer than the motor being protected are listed in
table 2-1.

TABLE 2-1 PROTECT 4A ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES

• Transient protection/filtering on inputs and outputs

• Crystal controlled time delays for accuracy with tem-
perature/aging
• Precision IC voltage references for stable accuracy
• Wide temperature range –10°C to +60°C

17
FIGURE 3-1 FRONT PANEL LAYOUT

18
 3. SETUP AND USE
3.1 CONTROL AND INDICATORS
NO. NAME FUNCTION

1 FULL LOAD CONTROL Sets the maximum average RMS motor

current at which overload pickup occurs.
Calibrated in % CT rated amps.

2 STALL TIME Selects one of eight overload time curves

based on stall times at 6 times inrush
current.

3 OVERLOAD Flashing - motor current exceeds full load

INDICATOR setting (overloads or starting).

4 GROUND FAULT Sets level of ground fault current

(EARTH LEAKAGE) necessary to cause a trip. Calibrated in
TIME DELAY CONTROL amps.

5 GROUND FAULT Sets time ground fault current must

(EARTH LEAKAGE) exceed level setting before a trip.
TIME DELAY CONTROL Calibrated in seconds.

6 OVERLOAD Set whenever overload or mechanical

INDICATOR jam trip occurs.

7 UNBALANCE Set whenever single phase trip occurs.

INDICATOR

8 THERMISTOR Set when thermistor senses an

INDICATOR overtemperature and relay trips.

9 GROUND FAULT/ Set when ground fault trip or ground fault

EARTH LEAKAGE alarm occurs.
INDICATOR

10 TEST TRIP Activates trip indicators (6-9) and the trip

relay when pressed.

11 RESET Resets all fault indicators and trip relay.

12 READY INDICATOR Indicates the output contacts are

untripped ready for motor starting.

13 FAULT INDICATOR Indicates the output contacts are tripped

due to a fault condition. Motor cannot be
started.

19
3.2 FULL LOAD CONTROL
The full load control is calibrated in % of phase CT rated amps.
It should be set to the maximum load rating of the motor being
protected. For example, a setting of 75% with 100:5 phase CTs
corresponds to a motor full load current of 75 amps. In the
time/overload curves of figures 3-2 the value of a multiple of
one full load is represented by the current set on this control.
When the current exceeds the full load control setting, the over-
load indicator light will flash to indicate an overload and the
relay will begin to time the overload according to the time/over-
load curves of fig. 3-2. If the condition persists the relay will
eventually trip.

When the motor is in a normal run state the internal memory

begins to discharge to simulate motor cooling. Overload trip time
will be reduced by the cumulative effect of previous overloads
and starting inrush unless the motor has not been overloaded
for a period of time in which case the memory is empty to simu-
late a cool motor.

Multiple start protection is provided by the memory which in-

tegrates the heating effect of each start. If power is lost and
reapplied or if the reset button is pressed after a trip, the memory
will be empty. Figures 3-3 shows how the thermal memory mod-
elling operates for typical motor operation.

20
FIGURE 3-2 TIME/OVERLOAD CURVES

P4A STANDAR D OVERLOAD CURVES

1 0 00 0 0

1 00 0 0

10 0 0
TIME IN SECONDS

100

10

1 .0 0
0.10 1 .0 0 10 100 1000
FU L L L OA D
C O N TR OL S E TTI N G OVERLOAD FACTOR
930112A 1.CDR
(Multiples of full load control)

21
TABLE 3-2 TIME/OVERLOAD CHARACTERISTIC

TRIP TIME VS. OVERLOAD (SECONDS)

Stall Time Multiples of Full Load

Setting 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.5 1.25
2.5 1.8 2.5 3.6 5.8 10.9 29.2 70 156
5 3.6 5 7.9 11.7 21.9 58.4 140 311
7.5 5.5 7.5 10.9 17.5 32.8 87.6 210 467
10 7.3 10 14.6 23.3 43.7 116 280 622
12.5 9.1 12.5 18.2 29.2 54.7 146 350 778
15 10.9 15 21.8 35.0 65.6 175 420 934
17.5 12.7 17.5 25.5 40.8 76.5 204 490 1089
20 14.6 20 29.1 46.7 87.4 234 560 1245

FIGURE 3-3 THERMAL MEMORY MODELLING

22
3.3 STALL TIME CONTROL
One of eight different time/overload curves can be selected by
the stall time control to closely match the thermal characteris-
tics of the motor. If curve data is available from the motor
manufacturer the next lowest curve from fig. 3-2 should be se-
lected and the stall time control set accordingly.

Each of the curves represents an I2t characteristic of a motor

having the specified stall time set by the control at an inrush
current of 6 times the motor full load rating which is fairly typi-
cal. If no motor curve data is available, this control should be
set to the next lowest stall time from that specified for the mo-
tor. Thus for a motor with a rated stall time of 9 seconds at 6
times full load, the STALL TIME control would be set to 7.5 sec-
onds. If the stall time is specified at some other inrush current,
the point can be plotted on the time/overload curves of fig. 3-2
and the next lowest curve selected.

Table 3-2 lists the curve points in tabular form. Points for a se-
lected curve can be plotted directly on curves for associated
equipment to facilitate a coordination study with systems that
use the Protect 4 relay.

23
3.4 GROUND FAULT (EARTH LEAKAGE)
LEVEL CONTROL
Aging or overheating may cause the insulation of the stator win-
dings to degrade until a point of the stator winding touches the
metal stator slot or the insulation becomes carbonized. This pro-
vides a low impedance path from the supply to ground and back
to the source resulting in very high currents on a solidly
grounded system. It is necessary to shut down the motor im-
mediately if this ground fault occurs. Many systems have a re-
sistance in series with the ground at the supply source to limit
this fault current and allow the system to continue running.
However the problem should be identified and fixed as soon as
possible because a second fault occurring on another phase
would cause a very high current to flow.

It will usually be necessary to rewind a motor which develops a

fault to ear th due to insulation breakdown. If no ground fault
protection were used, however, the high fault current could cause
severe structural damage to the motor stator or result in the
shutdown of the complete bus on which the faulty motor is lo-
cated.

Environmental conditions can result in ground faults even on a

sound motor. Moisture or conductive dust which are often pre-
sent in mines may provide an electrical path to ground. By shut-
ting down the motor immediately using ground fault (earth
leakage) protection the motor can be dried or cleaned then re-
started without any damage. To use the ground fault feature a
separate ground fault sensing CT must be used. Each of the 3
motor current conductors passes through this zero sequence
(core balance) current transformer.

24
3.5 GROUND FAULT (EARTH LEAKAGE)
TIME DELAY CONTROL
In systems with several levels of ground fault (earth leakage)
detection, time coordination is required for satisfactory opera-
tion. If ground fault protection is used on a bus, each motor
must have a shor ter time delay than the bus fault detector or a
fault in any motor will shut down the whole bus. In a solidly
grounded system, short time delays should be used to prevent
system damage unless the contactor is not capable of break-
ing the fault current in which case a backup detection system
of sufficient interrupt capacity should be allowed to operate first.

On resistance grounded systems where the fault is limited to

safe levels longer time delays can be used if there are no coor-
dination constraints. Short time delays may cause nuisance trip-
ping due to transients or capacitive charging currents and should
be avoided if possible.

25
3.6 SINGLE PHASE DETECTION
Under normal balanced conditions the stator current in each of
the three motor phases is equal and the rotor current is just
sufficient to provide the turning torque. When the stator cur-
rents are unbalanced, a much higher current is induced in the
rotor because it has a much lower impedance to this negative
sequence current component. Usually the increase in stator cur-
rent is small (125-200%) so that conventional thermal overloads
do not trip, however the much higher induced rotor current can
cause extensive rotor damage.

Motors can tolerate different levels of current unbalance depen-

ding on the rotor design. The most common and serious case
called single phasing is the complete loss of one phase. Typ-
ically this is caused by a blown fuse or malfunction in the utility
supply. If this condition is allowed to persist, extensive rotor dam-
age is likely. The Protect 4A is internally set to respond to the
large phase current unbalance that occurs under a single phase
condition and to trip if this condition persists for five seconds
consecutively. If an unbalance trip occurs check for a blown fuse,
loose wiring connections and the incoming supply. To prevent
nuisance trips on lightly loaded motors when a much larger
unbalance level will not damage the rotor, the single phase de-
tection will automatically be defeated if the average motor cur-
rent is less than 40% of the full load control setting.

Some starting schemes switch in a reactor in only two phases

to limit the inrush current. If this creates a severe enough un-
balance to trip the relay, a third reactor should be added to cre-
ate a balanced condition on starting. Before applying the Protect
4A to motors which do not operate from a conventional three
phase supply such as electronic speed controllers, consult the
factory, as the unbalance detector may give nuisance tripping
due to the unusual waveforms present. For these conditions, it
is possible to defeat the single phase protection as described
in section 2.9.4.

26
3.7 THERMISTOR TRIP DETECTION
Insulation breakdown of the stator windings due to overheating
is the main cause of motor failure under overload conditions.
Heat buildup in the rotor can be very rapid but the large ther-
mal mass of the motor prevents direct detection by tempera-
ture sensors embedded in the stator slots soon enough to
prevent damage. It may take several minutes for the tempera-
ture sensor to reach its trip temperature. Consequently, a pre-
dictive model is required to accurately determine heat buildup
within the motor. The Protect 4A relay uses an accurate elec-
tronic memory method based on motor currents. Thermal over-
loads rely on using motor current to heat an element with a
much smaller time constant than the motor itself to predict over-
heating within the motor but these devices, although inexpen-
sive, are subject to many limitations.

Overheating from causes other than resistive heating due to

current cannot be detected by modelling methods that only
sense current. To detect the effects of motor overheating due to
blocked ventilation, high ambient temperature or other unfore-
seen causes, direct temperature sensing is necessary. Since
temperature rise under these conditions is much slower, the
temperature detector will accurately sense the actual tempera-
ture within the motor which would not be true under a rapid
heat buildup situation such as locked rotor, for example.

Linear sensing elements such as RTDs and thermocouples can

give an output of actual temperature but these are expensive
and unnecessary for basic motor protection. Thermistors are
available which give a rapid change of resistance at a specific
temperature which is determined at the time of installation. The
Protect 4A accepts a thermistor input and will provide a trip
within 3 seconds of the thermistor threshold temperature being
exceeded. Several thermistors can be connected in series to
protect each of the stator phases. Any one of the thermistors
exceeding its threshold temperature will cause the Protect 4A
to trip. In addition, if the motor is still overheated, the thermistor
signal will prevent restarting of the motor by tripping the Protect
4A immediate after reset.

27
3.8 RESET/TEST BUTTON
When a fault condition causes the Protect 4A relay to trip, the
red fault light will come on and the fault condition will remain
latched. If control power is lost or re-applied the relay will retain
the state and fault indications present when control power was
removed. Pressing the reset button will clear all fault indica-
tions and restore the output contacts to a condition ready for
motor starting. There is no lockout of the relay after a trip. Reset
is possible after a five second delay which is provided to en-
sure contactor opening on a fault when using auto reset.

In many smaller motor applications where the Protect 4A is ap-

plied, down time is more expensive than motor protection. In
these situations, maintenance staff will correct the fault and put
the motor back on line. Consequently, no lockout after trip is
provided since it would be a nuisance. When the reset button is
pressed after a trip, the motor is considered to be cold making
it possible to damage a motor by starting, tripping and resetting
several times. Heat build up in this situation would be detected
by a thermistor in the motor which would prevent starting if the
motor were hot. If a thermistor is not installed in the motor and
unskilled operators are using the equipment, the reset button
should be made tamper proof (Section 2.8). Pressing the reset
button when the Protect 4A is not tripped will have no effect.

Pushing the TEST button when the relay is not tripped will cause
all fault indicators to be set and the output to go to a tripped
state. This is useful for verifying correct operation of the inter-
nal circuitry and the contactor wiring.

28
3.9 MOTOR AMPS OUTPUT
An output of the average RMS current in the three motor phases
is provided for connecting to a programmable controller. Unlike
conventional schemes which give an indication of only one
phase current, the Protect 4A relay can monitor all 3 phase cur-
rents simultaneously without the need for additional current
transformers. The output of 4-20 mA corresponds to motor cur-
rent from 0 amps to the full load current of the CT, For example,
if 100:5 phase CTs were used, the linear output of 4-20 mA
would correspond to phase currents of 0-100 amps. Under over-
load conditions the current is limited to 30 mA maximum.

For online monitoring the output can be used to drive a pro-

grammable controller or chart recorder with a linear 4-20 mA
input range. Useful applications include load studies and com-
puter control of loads.

29
 FAULT OVERLOAD OVERLOAD OVERLOAD OVERLOAD
INDICATION

UNBALANCE UNBALANCE UNBALANCE UNBALANCE

THERMISTOR THERMISTOR THERMISTOR THERMISTOR

GROUND FAULT/ GROUND FAULT/ GROUND FAULT/ GROUND FAULT/

EARTH LEAKAGE EARTH LEAKAGE EARTH LEAKAGE EARTH LEAKAGE

CONDITION OVERLOAD/JAM SINGLE PHASE HOT THERMISTOR GROUND FAULT/

EARTH LEAKAGE
PROBABLE - excessive overloads - loss of phase by utility - buildup of material - motor winding to
CAUSE during running - blown fuse on cooling fins case short

30
3.10 FAULT DIAGNOSIS

- multiple starts - loose wiring - blocked ventilation to - wiring touching metal

- mechanical jam (if connection motor ground
required for various fault indicators.

enabled) - worn contactor - high ambient - moisture in motor

- locked rotor start - short between motor temperature - conductor particles
- incorrect run curve windings - too many starts/ in motor
TABLE 3-3 PROTECT 4 FAULT FINDER

overloads - level/time settings

too sensitive
- intermittent fault to
ground
CORRECTIVE - allow motor to cool - check incoming - allow motor to cool - static testing of
ACTION - investigate cause of supply - clean external motor winding to ground
overloads - check fuses housing resistance
- operator training - monitor each phase - check airflow to - dry motor with hot
- disable jam feature current motor blower
running overloads - tighten mechanical - clean motor
normal connections - increase level/time
settings to prevent
provided to display the relay state and cause of fault after trip.
Table 3-3 lists probable causes of trip and corrective measures
Four fault indicators as well as READY/FAULT status lights are

nuisance trips
 4. RELAY TESTING

4.1 COMMISSIONING TESTS

Prior to applying power at a new installation, system operation
can be verified by injecting current through the phase CTs. If a
3 phase current injection set is available it would be connected
as shown in figure 2-5 in place of the 3 phase supply and using
a short between the 3 phases in place of the motor. A short
must be placed across the ground fault CT terminals when do-
ing current tests or nuisance ground fault trips will occur.

When a single phase injection set is used, the sensing circuitry

sees an unbalance condition as shown in figure 5-2 and ex-
plained in the theory of operation section 5. To make the single
phase input appear to the Protect 4A like a 3 phase input, it is
necessary to temporarily connect a capacitor (observe capaci-
tor polarity) across the two test points on the terminal board as
shown in figure 4.1. Larger capacitors may be substituted. The
actual value is not critical. This shifts the measured values so
that all current readings should be multiplied by a factor of 1.5
to set the equivalent 3 phase current.

Figure 4-1 shows a suitable setup for single phase testing. Fig-
ure 4-2 shows how to build a 100 amp current source if a
commercial unit is not available. All current values can be in-
creased by winding n turns in place of the single turn shown
and multiplying current readings by n.

To verify that the internal relay circuitr y is operating press the

front panel test button. When the test button is pressed, the
fault indicators operate and the motor contactor should trip, Tests
for each protection mode are outlined in the sections that fol-
low.

31
FIGURE 4-1 SINGLE PHASE INJECTION TESTING

FIGURE 4-2 100 AMP CURRENT SOURCE

32
4.2 OVERLOADS
Set the FULL LOAD — AMPS control to the desired pickup cur-
rent and gradually increase the phase current through the phase
CTs. With current applied below the full load pickup point the
overload indicator light will be off. When the pickup current is
reached the light will flash.

At the point where the light just begins to flash, the control set-
ting and actual three phase RMS current of simulated current
(multiplied by the overload factor) using a single phase source
should agree.

Example: Verify 3 times overload trip time for a stall setting of 2.5
seconds using 100:5 CTs with single phase injection (figure 4-1).

1) Set the Protect 4A FULL LOAD control to 50% for a 50 amp

pickup level and stall time to 5 seconds.

2) Pass 1 turn from the current source (or n turns and multiply
the current by n) through two of the 100:5 CTs shown in figure
4-1 wiring diagram. (Pass the current source through the two
CTs in opposite direction.)

3) Connect 220 uF/25V capacitor (nominal) to Protect 4A test

points A (+ ve) and B (- ve) on the terminal board. Observe
polarity.
4) a) Slowly increase the current until the overload indicator
starts to flash. This is the pickup level. The injected current
should be 50A × 1.5 (multiplier factor) = 75A for correct
calibration.

b) Increase the current to 3 × 75A = 225A.

c) Turn off the current. Press front panel TEST and then RE-
SET buttons. This clears the internal thermal memory ready
for timing tests.
d) Apply the full 225A immediately while timing. From the
overload curves of figure 3-2, the relay should trip in 21.9
seconds. Other overload levels and stall times can also be
verified this way. Note that the times will only be as accu-
rate as the current multiples of pickup level injected.
5) Repeat steps 2-4 for the 3rd 5 amp phase CT.

33
When checking the time/over current curves for accuracy, it must
be remembered that previous overloads will shorten the time
available since the internal memory is partially full to simulate
motor heating. Before performing timing tests, ensure that full
memory capacity is available by:

a) removing and re-applying control power.

or b) tripping and resetting relay.
or c) applying no overloads for a ten minute period.

If the mechanical jam feature has been selected (section 2.9.2)

apply current to the motor below the full load setting and wait
several seconds for the PROTECT 4A to internally determine
that the simulated motor is in a normal run state. Gradually in-
crease the current until the relay trips. This should occur at ap-
proximately three times the full load pickup point. Since there
is a one second delay between sensing the threshold and ac-
tually tripping, the current must be increased slowly.

Use the maximum stall time setting and clear the memory be-
fore doing this test to prevent the overload memory from trip-
ping before mechanical jam.

4.3 SINGLE PHASING

Set the FULL LOAD—(AMPS) control to a suitable pickup set-
ting and apply slightly less than one full load of three phase
input current. Create a single phase by removing the capacitor
across test posts A and B for a single phase injection setup.
After approximately 5 seconds the relay should trip with an un-
balance indication.

If the current applied is below 40% of the full load setting, the
single phase protection is automatically deactivated to prevent
nuisance tripping on lightly loaded motors where a large un-
balance will not cause damage.

34
4.4 GROUND FAULT/EARTH LEAKAGE
When a ground fault occurs on a three phase system, the core
balance CT will pick up a sine wave current at the system fre-
quency. Consequently, to test this protection feature, pass a wire
through the separate ground fault CT and apply a single phase
current. When the current through this wire reaches the ground
fault pickup level selected, the relay will trip. Some mine speci-
fications require a permanent ground fault test system installed
in the switchgear. Fig. 4-3 shows a typical scheme that can be
used with the Protect 4A relay.

Ground fault time delays are controlled by an accurate crystal

reference and should be drift free. Time delays can be checked
using a frequency counter or mechanical cycle timer. The
scheme will depend upon the equipment used, however it will
be necessary to use the ground fault current signal to trigger
the timer on and the closure of the output contacts to stop the
timer. A typical setup is shown in figure 4-1. Time delay meas-
urements should be made with applied currents of 25% or
greater than the PICKUP — AMPS control setting.

35
FIGURE 4-3 GROUND FAULT/EARTH LEAKAGE TEST

36
4.5 THERMISTOR
A simple 5000 ohm variable resistor connected across termi-
nals 5 and 6 can be used to check the operation of the thermis-
tor circuit as shown in Fig. 4-4. For low resistance values the
PROTECT 4A remains untripped. At approximately 3000 ohms
the relay will trip. Since there is a 3 second delay after sensing
a hot thermistor, the control should be increased slowly.

With the thermistor connected or with very high resistances,

the relay will not trip because a no sensor hold off circuit is
activated. If an actual thermistor similar to the type used in the
motor is available it can be connected instead of the variable
resistance. When gently heated with a match or heat gun, it
should cause the relay to trip.

FIGURE 4-4 THERMISTOR TEST

16
PHASE 2 PHASE 1 15
CT CT 14
13
1 REAR 12
2 PCB 11
3 (A100) 10
4 PHASE 3 9
5000
OHM
OHMETER 5 CT 8
MEASURE
6 7
RELAY INPUT 930122A1.CDR

37
4.6 4-20 mA OUTPUT
Connect a DC milliammeter to terminals 4 (+ ve) and 5 (- ve).
With no input current the meter should read zero. Apply a balanc-
ed three phase signal through the current transformers equal
to the rated CT current (e.g. 100 amps into 100:5 CTs should
give a current reading of 20 mA). The meter should now read
20 mA and this reading will be independent of the FULL LOAD
— AMPS control setting

Intermediate current values will result in a meter reading of:

actual current
meter mA = × 16 + 4
full load current

For example, 75 amps into a 100:5 CT will result in a meter

reading of:

75
× 16 + 4 = 16 mA
100

Use the setup of fig. 4-1 if single phase injection is to be used.

Multiply all current values by 1.5 and calculate the output as
above. For example: if 200:5 CTs are used, apply a current of
200 x 1.5 = 300 amps through one CT to set an effective input
current of 200 amps.

The output is a current source with a maximum drive voltage of

about 8 volts. Consequently the programmable controller load
or sensing resistance used for these tests must be less than
350 ohms or saturation will occur. For loads in this range, the
output current will be independent of the load resistance.

It is possible to recalibrate the PROTECT 4A to give a linear

output over a range of 0-20 mA for use with standard current
loop interfaces. Consult factory if this is required.

38
4.7 ROUTINE MAINTENANCE VERIFICATION
A front panel self test feature is provided so that proper opera-
tion of the relay and its indicators can be verified. If this test
button is pushed while a motor is running the motor should shut
down with the 4 fault indicators set. Although this indicates that
the internal circuitry is operating, fur ther tests are needed to
check calibration accuracy.

Periodic checks of the overload pickup calibration are possible

by turning the FULL LOAD — AMPS control counter-clockwise
when the motor is running until the overload light just begins to
flash. The dial value at this setting should correspond to the
actual average current measured in the motor using a separate
ammeter. To simulate an overload, set the FULL LOAD —AMPS
control to a value less than the actual motor current and note
the trip time from the run curves of figure 3-2. Calculate the
amount of overload from:

actual current
period multiple =
pickup setting

Read the trip time from the overcurrent curves of figure 3-2 us-
ing the curve selected by the STALL TIME — (SEC) control.

For example: if 100:5 CTs are used and the motor is drawing
75 amps, set the FULL LOAD — AMPS control to 50 amps to
simulate and overload of:

75
= 15
. times
50

Note that any previous overloads or starting inrush currents in

the previous 10 minutes will reduce the total trip time.

It is difficult to simulate other fault conditions directly. The test

methods outlined in the previous sections will be required if these
checks are to be performed on a routine basis.

39
4.8 PROBLEM TROUBLESHOOTING
TABLE 4-1 PROBLEM TROUBLESHOOTING
SYMPTOM PROBABLE CAUSE ACTION
Periodic – Overload surges – Defeat mechanical
Overload during running. jam.
Tripping – Incorrect run curve. – Use run curve with
longer trip time (higher
stall setting).

Overload Trip – Previous overloads – Trip test/reset relay

Time Too Short affect values. before doing time
– Jam enabled (1 tests.
second trip). – Defeat jam feature

Ground Fault – Capacive motor – Increase ground fault

Nuisance Trip inrush currents give level/time settings.
ground fault signal. – Twist CT wires
– CT wiring too close to together and route
high noise source. away from high current
cables or use shielded
cable.

Nuisance – Non-sinusoidal – May not be suitable for

Unbalance Trip waveform. variable speed drive
application.
– Check load distribu-
tion.

Cannot Reset – No control power. – Status light will be on if

control power applied.
– Push test/reset or
power off/on then
reset.

4-20 mA Output – Meter or programma- – Maximum load 350

Low ble controller too ohms.
high.

40
FIGURE 5-1 HARDWARE BLOCK DIAGRAM

41
 5. THEORY OF OPERATION

5.1 HARDWARE
The Protect 4A is able to provide many protection features at
low cost through the use of a powerful single chip microcomputer
as shown in block diagram of figure 5-1 and the schematic in-
sert. Phase currents are sensed by three current transformers
with 1 amp or 5 amp secondaries. A three phase bridge recti-
fier is used to provide a rectified output signal into a fixed bur-
den which is shown for balanced and unbalanced conditions in
fig. 5-2. Under microcomputer control an analog to digital con-
vertor continuously samples this signal and generates both the
three phase average for overload curve timing and the phase
minimum for unbalance detection. The burden voltage propor-
tional to the three phase average current is also connected to a
voltage to current conver tor to provide a 4-20 mA output for a
programmable controller.

Ground fault/earth leakage sensing is provided by a fourth cur-

rent transformer in the current sensing module which encircles
the three motor conductors and senses ground faults by the
reliable core balance (zero sequence) method. Only if a ground
fault is present will this CT give an output which is rectified,
filtered and compared against a preset value set by the front
panel ground fault/earth leakage level control. Time delays for
both the ground fault and overload curves are provided by ac-
curate crystal controlled time counters under program control.
This eliminates inaccuracies and time/temperature drift associ-
ated with resistor/capacitor time constant circuits.

A voltage divider circuit using the remote thermistor as one re-

sistance element is used to detect if the thermistor resistance
has exceeded the preset threshold point. The voltage across
the thermistor is compared to two fixed reference values; the
lower reference is the trip resistance point and the higher refer-
ence is used to determine if no thermistor is connected to pre-
vent nuisance tripping.

42
FIGURE 5-2 SINGLE PHASE DETECTION
FIGURE 5-2a 3 PHASES, BALANCED CONDITION

FIGURE 5-2b SINGLE PHASE CONDITION

43
All front panel and option switches are monitored and stored in
the microprocessor for use by various parts of the program.
Indicators and the output relay are strobed under program con-
trol as required. Since these are activated by pulse action, power
is conserved and the relay returns to the state before loss of
power whenever power is reapplied

Reliable operation of the microprocessor under erratic or tran-

sient supply conditions is obtained through the use of a power
fail detector which resets the microprocessor to a star t up state
whenever control power is out of range.

In case a transient or system malfunction should cause erratic

program execution a watchdog timer, consisting of independ-
ent circuitry, will reset the microprocessor. The correct strobe
signals which are only present during normal program execu-
tion must be received or the watchdog timer will be activated

A switch is used to select 120/240 VAC 50/60 Hz for the dual

primary power transformer. This transformer is designed to ac-
cept a wide range of input voltages commonly encountered in
industrial applications and is of split bobbin design to minimize
control line transients. In addition to voltage regulators for the
circuitry, reference voltages are derived from a temperature
compensated precision voltage reference to provide stable long
term performance.

44
5.2 FIRMWARE
All mathematical computations and logical operations are per-
formed by a program stored in the microcomputer. Execution
flow of the routines is shown in the firmware block diagram of
fig. 5-3.

An initialize routine ensures that the system always comes up

in the same state when first powered on. Ground fault and ther-
mistor input signals, if present, are used to update delay
counters to determine if there is a trip condition. The unbalance
routine compares the average and minimum phase current dif-
ference to the average. If this difference exceeds the threshold
representative of a single phase condition for a specific time
period an unbalance trip condition occurs.

In order to generate an inverse curve the three phase average

current is squared and integrated over time. If the integrated
value, which represents the thermal heat buildup in the motor,
exceeds a threshold determined by the stall time setting the
relay trips on overload. When the motor is stopped or not over-
loaded the integrated value is reduced with time propor tional to
motor cooling.

Other housekeeping features include analog to digital conver-

tor sampling, updating all timers using programmed timers, read-
ing switches and sampling internal status. When the relay is
tripped, the internal program continuously scans for a reset sig-
nal and ignores all fault inputs.

45
FIGURE 5-3 FIRMWARE BLOCK DIAGRAM

46
MULTILIN RELAY WARRANTY
Multilin warrants each relay it manufactures to be free
from defects in material and workmanship under nor-
mal use and service for a period of 24 months from
date of shipment from factory.
In the event of a failure covered by this warranty,
Multilin will undertake to repair or replace the relay
providing the warrantor determined that it is defec-
tive and it is returned with all transportation charges
prepaid to and from an authorized service centre or
the factory. Repairs or replacement under this war-
ranty will be made without charge.
This warranty shall not apply to any relay which has
been subject to misuse, negligence, accident, incor-
rect installation or use not in accordance with
instructions nor any unit that has been altered out-
side a Multilin authorized factory outlet.
Multilin is not liable for contingent or consequential
damages or expenses sustained as a result of a re-
lay malfunction, incorrect application or adjustment.
 MOTOR PROTECTION

215 Anderson Ave., P.O. Box 2700

Markham, Ontario, Canada L3P 4C7
Tel: (905) 294-6222 Fax: (905) 294-8512 Made in Canada
PART NO. P4A-M01/94V