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    Chapter 1

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    ُIBRAHEEM ALHARBI
    This document discusses numerical methods for solving mathematical problems. It introduces the bungee jumper example problem of calculating velocity over time. The problem is modeled using Newton's second law of motion and the equations for drag force and gravity. Euler's method is presented as a numerical solution technique for approximating the first order differential equation describing the problem. Finally, the document explains that mathematical models relate dependent variables to independent variables, parameters, and forcing functions according to conservation laws.

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    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    ُIBRAHEEM ALHARBI
    242 views15 pages
    This document discusses numerical methods for solving mathematical problems. It introduces the bungee jumper example problem of calculating velocity over time. The problem is modeled using Newton's second law of motion and the equations for drag force and gravity. Euler's method is presented as a numerical solution technique for approximating the first order differential equation describing the problem. Finally, the document explains that mathematical models relate dependent variables to independent variables, parameters, and forcing functions according to conservation laws.

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    This document discusses numerical methods for solving mathematical problems. It introduces the bungee jumper example problem of calculating velocity over time. The problem is modeled using Newton's second law of motion and the equations for drag force and gravity. Euler's method is presented as a numerical solution technique for approximating the first order differential equation describing the problem. Finally, the document explains that mathematical models relate dependent variables to independent variables, parameters, and forcing functions according to conservation laws.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    242 views15 pages

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    ُIBRAHEEM ALHARBI
    This document discusses numerical methods for solving mathematical problems. It introduces the bungee jumper example problem of calculating velocity over time. The problem is modeled using Newton's second law of motion and the equations for drag force and gravity. Euler's method is presented as a numerical solution technique for approximating the first order differential equation describing the problem. Finally, the document explains that mathematical models relate dependent variables to independent variables, parameters, and forcing functions according to conservation laws.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    EE 407 Numerical Methods

    Chapter 1
    Mathematical Modeling, Numerical Methods,
    and Problem Solving
    The Book
    Steven C. Chapra, Applied Numerical Methods
    with MATLAB for Engineers and Scientists, 3rd
    ed, McGraw, New York, 2012.
    Motivation
    • During your carrier or academic study
    • Use of prepackaged computer program
    • Dealing with problem can not be handled with commercial software or solved
    analytically
    What is the meaning of numerical method ?
    • Numerical methods are techniques that used to formulate
    mathematical problems so that they can be solved using
    computations.
    Problem
    2
    𝐹𝑈 = 𝑐𝑑 𝑣
    Drive the function to calculate the
    velocity Of the jumper verse time

    𝐹𝐷 = 𝑚 𝑔

    Steven C. Chapra, Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB


    for Engineers and Scientists, 3rd ed, McGraw, New York, 2012.
    Modeling
    • Newton second law of motion:
    𝐹
    𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 → 𝑎=
    𝑚
    𝑑𝑣
    • 𝑎 is the acceleration can be defined as 𝑎 =
    𝑑𝑡

    𝐹 𝑑𝑣 𝐹
    𝑎= → =
    𝑚 𝑑𝑡 𝑚
    Modeling

    2
    𝑑𝑣 𝐹 𝐹𝑈 = 𝑐𝑑 𝑣
    =
    𝑑𝑡 𝑚

    𝐹 = 𝐹𝐷 − 𝐹𝑈
    𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 2
    = 𝑔− 𝐹𝐷 = 𝑚 𝑔
    𝑑𝑡 𝑚
    Steven C. Chapra, Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB
    for Engineers and Scientists, 3rd ed, McGraw, New York, 2012.
    EXAMPLE 1.1
    A bungee jumper with a mass of 68.1 kg leaps from a
    stationary hot air balloon. Use Eq. (1.9) to compute velocity for
    the first 12 s of free fall. Also determine the terminal velocity
    that will be attained for an infinitely long cord (or alternatively,
    the jumpmaster is having a particularly bad day!). Use a drag
    coefficient of 0.25 kg/m.

    2
    𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 𝑔𝑚 𝑔𝐶𝑑
    = 𝑔−  Exact solution  𝑣 𝑡 =
    𝐶𝑑
    tanh(
    𝑚
    𝑡)
    𝑑𝑡 𝑚
    Exact solution
    𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 2
    = 𝑔−
    𝑑𝑡 𝑚

     Exact Solution

    𝑔𝑚 𝑔𝐶𝑑
    𝑣 𝑡 = tanh( 𝑡)
    𝐶𝑑 𝑚
    Numerical solution - Euler's Method
    First order differential equation

    𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 2
    = 𝑔−
    𝑑𝑡 𝑚

     Finite difference into the differential equation gives:


    𝑐𝑑 𝑣(𝑡𝑖 )2
    𝑑𝑣 ∆𝑣 𝑣(𝑡𝑖+1 ) − 𝑣(𝑡𝑖 ) 𝑣(𝑡𝑖+1 ) − 𝑣(𝑡𝑖 ) = 𝑔 − 𝑡𝑖+1 − 𝑡𝑖
    ≅ = 𝑚
    𝑑𝑡 ∆𝑡 𝑡𝑖+1 − 𝑡𝑖
    𝑐𝑑 𝑣 2 𝑡𝑖
    𝑣(𝑡𝑖+1 ) − 𝑣(𝑡𝑖 ) 𝑐𝑑 𝑣(𝑡𝑖 )2 𝑣 𝑡𝑖+1 = 𝑣 𝑡𝑖 + 𝑔 − ∆𝑡
    𝑚
    = 𝑔−
    𝑡𝑖+1 − 𝑡𝑖 𝑚 new = old + slope  step
    2
    𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 2 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 𝑡𝑖
    = 𝑔− 𝑣 𝑡𝑖+1 = 𝑣 𝑡𝑖 + 𝑔 − ∆𝑡
    𝑑𝑡 𝑚 𝑚
    Model Function

    Any models can be represented by


    Dependent independent forcing 
     f  , parameters, 
    variable  variables functions 

    For the bungee jumper example


    
    The dependent variable is velocity v
    The Independent variable is time t
    The Parameters are mass m, drag coefficient cd
    The Forcing function is gravitational acceleration g
    CONSERVATION LAWS
    Time-variable (or transient)

    Change = increases − decreases

    Steady-state

    if Change = 0  increases = decreases

    𝑑𝑣 2 𝑔𝑚
    =0  𝑚𝑔 = 𝑐𝑑 𝑣  𝑣=
    𝐶𝑑
    𝑑𝑡
    CONSERVATION LAWS

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