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    Chapter 1

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    Tariq Alharbi
    This document discusses numerical methods for solving mathematical problems that cannot be solved analytically. It provides an example of using Euler's method to model the velocity of a bungee jumper over time. Key points: 1) Numerical methods allow formulating mathematical problems computationally in order to find solutions. 2) The example models a bungee jumper's motion using equations for drag force, gravity, and acceleration. 3) Euler's method uses finite differences to iteratively solve the differential equation describing changes in velocity over time.

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    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Tariq Alharbi
    20 views15 pages
    This document discusses numerical methods for solving mathematical problems that cannot be solved analytically. It provides an example of using Euler's method to model the velocity of a bungee jumper over time. Key points: 1) Numerical methods allow formulating mathematical problems computationally in order to find solutions. 2) The example models a bungee jumper's motion using equations for drag force, gravity, and acceleration. 3) Euler's method uses finite differences to iteratively solve the differential equation describing changes in velocity over time.

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    This document discusses numerical methods for solving mathematical problems that cannot be solved analytically. It provides an example of using Euler's method to model the velocity of a bungee jumper over time. Key points: 1) Numerical methods allow formulating mathematical problems computationally in order to find solutions. 2) The example models a bungee jumper's motion using equations for drag force, gravity, and acceleration. 3) Euler's method uses finite differences to iteratively solve the differential equation describing changes in velocity over time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views15 pages

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Tariq Alharbi
    This document discusses numerical methods for solving mathematical problems that cannot be solved analytically. It provides an example of using Euler's method to model the velocity of a bungee jumper over time. Key points: 1) Numerical methods allow formulating mathematical problems computationally in order to find solutions. 2) The example models a bungee jumper's motion using equations for drag force, gravity, and acceleration. 3) Euler's method uses finite differences to iteratively solve the differential equation describing changes in velocity over time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    EE 407 Numerical Methods

    Chapter 1
    Mathematical Modeling, Numerical Methods,
    and Problem Solving
    The Book
    Steven C. Chapra, Applied Numerical Methods
    with MATLAB for Engineers and Scientists, 3rd
    ed, McGraw, New York, 2012.
    Motivation
    • During your carrier or academic study
    • Use of prepackaged computer program
    • Dealing with problem can not be handled with commercial software or solved
    analytically
    What is the meaning of numerical method ?
    • Numerical methods are techniques that used to formulate
    mathematical problems so that they can be solved using
    computations.
    Problem
    𝐹𝑈 = 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 2
    Drive the function to calculate the
    velocity Of the jumper verse time

    𝐹𝐷 = 𝑚 𝑔

    Steven C. Chapra, Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB


    for Engineers and Scientists, 3rd ed, McGraw, New York, 2012.
    Modeling
    • Newton second law of motion:
    𝐹
    𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 → 𝑎=
    𝑚
    𝑑𝑣
    • 𝑎 is the acceleration can be defined as 𝑎 =
    𝑑𝑡

    𝐹 𝑑𝑣 𝐹
    𝑎= → =
    𝑚 𝑑𝑡 𝑚
    Modeling

    𝑑𝑣 𝐹 𝐹𝑈 = 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 2
    =
    𝑑𝑡 𝑚

    𝐹 = 𝐹𝐷 − 𝐹𝑈
    𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 2
    = 𝑔− 𝐹𝐷 = 𝑚 𝑔
    𝑑𝑡 𝑚
    Steven C. Chapra, Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB
    for Engineers and Scientists, 3rd ed, McGraw, New York, 2012.
    EXAMPLE 1.1
    A bungee jumper with a mass of 68.1 kg leaps from a
    stationary hot air balloon. Use Eq. (1.9) to compute velocity for
    the first 12 s of free fall. Also determine the terminal velocity
    that will be attained for an infinitely long cord (or alternatively,
    the jumpmaster is having a particularly bad day!). Use a drag
    coefficient of 0.25 kg/m.

    𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 2 𝑔𝑚 𝑔𝐶𝑑
    = 𝑔−  Exact solution  𝑣 𝑡 =
    𝐶𝑑
    tanh(
    𝑚
    𝑡)
    𝑑𝑡 𝑚
    Exact solution
    𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 2
    = 𝑔−
    𝑑𝑡 𝑚

     Exact Solution

    𝑔𝑚 𝑔𝐶𝑑
    𝑣 𝑡 = tanh( 𝑡)
    𝐶𝑑 𝑚
    Numerical solution - Euler's Method
    First order differential equation

    𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 2
    = 𝑔−
    𝑑𝑡 𝑚

     Finite difference into the differential equation gives:


    𝑐𝑑 𝑣(𝑡𝑖 )2
    𝑑𝑣 ∆𝑣 𝑣(𝑡𝑖+1 ) − 𝑣(𝑡𝑖 ) 𝑣(𝑡𝑖+1 ) − 𝑣(𝑡𝑖 ) = 𝑔 − 𝑡𝑖+1 − 𝑡𝑖
    ≅ = 𝑚
    𝑑𝑡 ∆𝑡 𝑡𝑖+1 − 𝑡𝑖
    𝑐𝑑 𝑣 2 𝑡𝑖
    𝑣(𝑡𝑖+1 ) − 𝑣(𝑡𝑖 ) 𝑐𝑑 𝑣(𝑡𝑖 )2 𝑣 𝑡𝑖+1 = 𝑣 𝑡𝑖 + 𝑔 − ∆𝑡
    𝑚
    = 𝑔−
    𝑡𝑖+1 − 𝑡𝑖 𝑚 new = old + slope  step
    2
    𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 2 𝑐𝑑 𝑣 𝑡𝑖
    = 𝑔− 𝑣 𝑡𝑖+1 = 𝑣 𝑡𝑖 + 𝑔 − ∆𝑡
    𝑑𝑡 𝑚 𝑚
    Model Function

    Any models can be represented by


    Dependent independent forcing 
     f  , parameters, 
    variable  variables functions 

    For the bungee jumper example


    
    The dependent variable is velocity v
    The Independent variable is time t
    The Parameters are mass m, drag coefficient cd
    The Forcing function is gravitational acceleration g
    CONSERVATION LAWS
    Time-variable (or transient)

    Change = increases − decreases

    Steady-state

    if Change = 0  increases = decreases

    𝑑𝑣 2 𝑔𝑚
    =0  𝑚𝑔 = 𝑐𝑑 𝑣  𝑣=
    𝐶𝑑
    𝑑𝑡
    CONSERVATION LAWS

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