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    CHM2045 Chapter 9 Part 1

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    Destiny Kit Manuel
    The document summarizes key concepts from a chemistry chapter on thermodynamics. It defines kinetic and potential energy, and explains how the concepts of system and surroundings relate to thermodynamics. It states that the law of conservation of energy applies by allowing energy to be transformed between different forms while maintaining a constant total quantity. Internal energy is defined as the sum of a system's potential and kinetic energy. It provides examples of how internal energy changes with energy flow into or out of a system.

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    CHM2045 Chapter 9 Part 1

    Uploaded by

    Destiny Kit Manuel
    176 views3 pages
    The document summarizes key concepts from a chemistry chapter on thermodynamics. It defines kinetic and potential energy, and explains how the concepts of system and surroundings relate to thermodynamics. It states that the law of conservation of energy applies by allowing energy to be transformed between different forms while maintaining a constant total quantity. Internal energy is defined as the sum of a system's potential and kinetic energy. It provides examples of how internal energy changes with energy flow into or out of a system.

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    The document summarizes key concepts from a chemistry chapter on thermodynamics. It defines kinetic and potential energy, and explains how the concepts of system and surroundings relate to thermodynamics. It states that the law of conservation of energy applies by allowing energy to be transformed between different forms while maintaining a constant total quantity. Internal energy is defined as the sum of a system's potential and kinetic energy. It provides examples of how internal energy changes with energy flow into or out of a system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    176 views3 pages

    CHM2045 Chapter 9 Part 1

    Uploaded by

    Destiny Kit Manuel
    The document summarizes key concepts from a chemistry chapter on thermodynamics. It defines kinetic and potential energy, and explains how the concepts of system and surroundings relate to thermodynamics. It states that the law of conservation of energy applies by allowing energy to be transformed between different forms while maintaining a constant total quantity. Internal energy is defined as the sum of a system's potential and kinetic energy. It provides examples of how internal energy changes with energy flow into or out of a system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    CHM 2045C

    Chapter 9 Part 1 Pre-Class


    Name: _________________________________

    1. List and define the two main type of energy.


    a. Kinetic Energy – is the type of energy expended by a moving
    object, or energy of motion.
    b. Potential Energy – is the stored energy or energy available by
    virtue of an object’s position.
    2. How do the concepts of system and surroundings relate to
    thermodynamics? Thermodynamics is the study of the interconversions
    of heat and other kinds of energy. The concepts of system and
    surroundings describe if and how matter and heat/energy can be
    exchanged or transferred.
    3. How does the Law of Conservation of Energy apply to thermodynamics?
    The Law of Conservation of Energy states that the total quantity of
    energy in the universe is assumed constant and it can be applied in
    thermodynamics where the energy can be transformed form one form to
    another but the total energy must remain unchanged.
    4. What is internal energy? Internal energy is the sum of potential energy
    of the system and the kinetic energy of the system, hence, it is the total
    energy that a system constains.
    5. How does the value of ∆E change with respect to the energy flow from
    system to surrounding? If energy flows out of a system into the
    surroundings, the ∆E of the system decreases. While if energy flows
    from the surrounding into the system, the ∆E of the system increases.
    6. What is a state function? State functions are properties determined by
    the state of the system, regardless of how that condition was achieved.
    7. How does the concept of heat and work affect the internal energy of a
    system? The internal energy of the system is the sum of the heat
    exchange between the system and the surroundings and the work done
    on or by the system.
    CHM 2045C
    Chapter 9 Part 1 In-Class
    Name: _________________________________

    8. Determine the change in internal energy associated with a system that


    does 3152 J of work on the surrounding by absorbing 21.2 kJ of heat?
    Given:
    W=–3152 J Q=21.2 kJ
    Solution:
    ∆𝐸 = 𝑄 + 𝑊
    ∆𝐸 = 21.2 𝑘𝐽 − 3.152 𝑘𝐽
    ∆𝑬 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟎 𝒌𝑱

    9. If a balloon expands from a volume of 0.200 L to 10.24 L under a


    pressure of 878mmHg, how much work (in kJ) is done?

    Given:
    V1=0.200 L V2=10.24 L
    P=878 mmHg
    Solution:
    1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 8.314 𝐽
    𝑊 = −𝑃∆𝑉 = 878 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 𝑥 𝑥 (10.24 − 0.200)𝐿 𝑥
    760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 0.08206 𝐿 ∙ 𝑎𝑡𝑚
    𝑊 = −1175 𝐽
    𝑾 = −𝟏. 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝑱

    10. Give the balanced equation for the formation of a mole of solid
    Al(C2H3O2)3 from its elements.

    Balanced equation:
    𝟗
    𝑨𝒍(𝒔) + 𝟔𝑪(𝒔) + 𝑯𝟐(𝒈) + 𝟑𝑶𝟐(𝒈) → 𝑨𝒍(𝑪𝟐 𝑯𝟑 𝑶𝟐 )𝟑(𝒔)
    𝟐
    11. A 5.67g rock at 24.5oC is heated to 67.9oC with 214J of heat, what is
    the specific heat capacity for this rock?
    Given:
    m=5.67 g T1= 24.5 0C T2= 67.9 0C
    Q=214 J
    Solution:
    𝑄 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝∆𝑇
    214 𝐽 = 5.67 𝑔 𝑥 𝐶𝑝 𝑥 (67.9 − 24.5)℃
    214 𝐽
    𝐶𝑝 =
    5.67 𝑔 𝑥 (67.9 − 24.5)℃
    𝑱
    𝑪𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕𝟎
    𝒈∙℃

    12. A bomb calorimeter is used to determine the ∆E for 6.92g of unknown


    liquid. The initial temperature of the bomb is 23.78oC and the final
    temperature is 36.71oC, if the heat capacity constant for the bomb is
    5.23 kJ/oC then what is the ∆E (in kJ/mol) of the liquid? (molar mass of
    unknown is 53.7 g/mol)
    Given:
    m=6.92 g T1= 23.78 0C T2= 36.71 0C
    Cp=5.23 kJ/0C
    Solution:
    ∆𝐸 = 𝑄 + 𝑊
    Since constant volume,
    ∆𝐸 = 𝑄
    ∆𝐸 = 𝑄 = 𝐶𝑝∆𝑇
    𝑘𝐽
    5.23 ℃ (36.71 − 23.78)℃
    ∆𝐸 =
    6.92 𝑔
    53.7 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
    𝒌𝑱
    ∆𝑬 = 𝟓𝟐𝟒
    𝒎𝒐𝒍

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