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    Marine Engines: Main Article

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    Marcos Ballesteros
    Near the end of the 19th century, compound marine steam engines came into widespread use, exhausting steam into successively larger cylinders to improve efficiency. This allowed shipping to reduce coal weights. While steam engines remained dominant into the early 20th century, steam turbines and internal combustion engines gradually replaced reciprocating steam engines. The first full-scale steam locomotive was built in 1804 in the UK. Steam locomotives were then widely used on railways until the late 20th century. Steam turbines, more efficient than reciprocating engines, virtually replaced them in power generation in the early 1900s.

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    Marine Engines: Main Article

    Uploaded by

    Marcos Ballesteros
    51 views5 pages
    Near the end of the 19th century, compound marine steam engines came into widespread use, exhausting steam into successively larger cylinders to improve efficiency. This allowed shipping to reduce coal weights. While steam engines remained dominant into the early 20th century, steam turbines and internal combustion engines gradually replaced reciprocating steam engines. The first full-scale steam locomotive was built in 1804 in the UK. Steam locomotives were then widely used on railways until the late 20th century. Steam turbines, more efficient than reciprocating engines, virtually replaced them in power generation in the early 1900s.

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    Near the end of the 19th century, compound marine steam engines came into widespread use, exhausting steam into successively larger cylinders to improve efficiency. This allowed shipping to reduce coal weights. While steam engines remained dominant into the early 20th century, steam turbines and internal combustion engines gradually replaced reciprocating steam engines. The first full-scale steam locomotive was built in 1804 in the UK. Steam locomotives were then widely used on railways until the late 20th century. Steam turbines, more efficient than reciprocating engines, virtually replaced them in power generation in the early 1900s.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    51 views5 pages

    Marine Engines: Main Article

    Uploaded by

    Marcos Ballesteros
    Near the end of the 19th century, compound marine steam engines came into widespread use, exhausting steam into successively larger cylinders to improve efficiency. This allowed shipping to reduce coal weights. While steam engines remained dominant into the early 20th century, steam turbines and internal combustion engines gradually replaced reciprocating steam engines. The first full-scale steam locomotive was built in 1804 in the UK. Steam locomotives were then widely used on railways until the late 20th century. Steam turbines, more efficient than reciprocating engines, virtually replaced them in power generation in the early 1900s.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Marine engines[edit]

    A triple-expansion marine steam engine on the 1907 oceangoing tug Hercules


    Main article: Marine steam engine
    Near the end of the 19th century, compound engines came into widespread use. Compound
    engines exhausted steam into successively larger cylinders to accommodate the higher
    volumes at reduced pressures, giving improved efficiency. These stages were called
    expansions, with double- and triple-expansion engines being common, especially in shipping
    where efficiency was important to reduce the weight of coal carried. [17] Steam engines
    remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century, when advances in the
    design of the steam turbine, electric motors and internal combustion engines gradually
    resulted in the replacement of reciprocating (piston) steam engines, with shipping in the
    20th-century relying upon the steam turbine.[17][2]
    Steam locomotives[edit]
    Main articles: Steam locomotive, Traction engine, and Steam tractor

    Vintage image of steam train


    As the development of steam engines progressed through the 18th century, various attempts
    were made to apply them to road and railway use.[32] In 1784, William Murdoch,
    a Scottish inventor, built a model steam road locomotive. [33] An early working model of a
    steam rail locomotive was designed and constructed by steamboat pioneer John Fitch in the
    United States probably during the 1780s or 1790s. [34] His steam locomotive used interior
    bladed wheels[clarification needed] guided by rails or tracks.
    Steam train [Grand Trunk 600] and operators, Glengarry County, Ontario, [between 1895 and 1910]
    The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in
    the United Kingdom and, on 21 February 1804, the world's first railway journey took place as
    Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway from the Pen-y-
    darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales.[32][35][36] The design
    incorporated a number of important innovations that included using high-pressure steam
    which reduced the weight of the engine and increased its efficiency. Trevithick visited the
    Newcastle area later in 1804 and the colliery railways in north-east England became the
    leading centre for experimentation and development of steam locomotives. [37]
    Trevithick continued his own experiments using a trio of locomotives, concluding with
    the Catch Me Who Can in 1808. Only four years later, the successful twin-cylinder
    locomotive Salamanca by Matthew Murray was used by the edge railed rack and
    pinion Middleton Railway.[38] In 1825 George Stephenson built the Locomotion for
    the Stockton and Darlington Railway. This was the first public steam railway in the world and
    then in 1829, he built The Rocket which was entered in and won the Rainhill Trials.
    [39]
     The Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened in 1830 making exclusive use of steam
    power for both passenger and freight trains.
    Steam locomotives continued to be manufactured until the late twentieth century in places
    such as China and the former East Germany (where the DR Class 52.80 was produced).[40]
    Steam turbines[edit]
    Main article: Steam turbine
    The final major evolution of the steam engine design was the use of steam turbines starting
    in the late part of the 19th century. Steam turbines are generally more efficient than
    reciprocating piston type steam engines (for outputs above several hundred horsepower),
    have fewer moving parts, and provide rotary power directly instead of through a connecting
    rod system or similar means.[41] Steam turbines virtually replaced reciprocating engines in
    electricity generating stations early in the 20th century, where their efficiency, higher speed
    appropriate to generator service, and smooth rotation were advantages. Today most electric
    power is provided by steam turbines. In the United States, 90% of the electric power is
    produced in this way using a variety of heat sources.[2] Steam turbines were extensively
    applied for propulsion of large ships throughout most of the 20th century.
    Present development[edit]
    Main article: Advanced steam technology
    Although the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various
    companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal
    combustion engines. The company Energiprojekt AB in Sweden has made progress in using
    modern materials for harnessing the power of steam. The efficiency of Energiprojekt's steam
    engine reaches some 27–30% on high-pressure engines. It is a single-step, 5-cylinder
    engine (no compound) with superheated steam and consumes approx. 4 kg (8.8 lb) of steam
    per kWh.[42][failed verification]
    Marine engines[edit]

    A triple-expansion marine steam engine on the 1907 oceangoing tug Hercules


    Main article: Marine steam engine
    Near the end of the 19th century, compound engines came into widespread use. Compound
    engines exhausted steam into successively larger cylinders to accommodate the higher
    volumes at reduced pressures, giving improved efficiency. These stages were called
    expansions, with double- and triple-expansion engines being common, especially in shipping
    where efficiency was important to reduce the weight of coal carried. [17] Steam engines
    remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century, when advances in the
    design of the steam turbine, electric motors and internal combustion engines gradually
    resulted in the replacement of reciprocating (piston) steam engines, with shipping in the
    20th-century relying upon the steam turbine.[17][2]
    Steam locomotives[edit]
    Main articles: Steam locomotive, Traction engine, and Steam tractor

    Vintage image of steam train


    As the development of steam engines progressed through the 18th century, various attempts
    were made to apply them to road and railway use.[32] In 1784, William Murdoch,
    a Scottish inventor, built a model steam road locomotive. [33] An early working model of a
    steam rail locomotive was designed and constructed by steamboat pioneer John Fitch in the
    United States probably during the 1780s or 1790s. [34] His steam locomotive used interior
    bladed wheels[clarification needed] guided by rails or tracks.

    Steam train [Grand Trunk 600] and operators, Glengarry County, Ontario, [between 1895 and 1910]
    The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in
    the United Kingdom and, on 21 February 1804, the world's first railway journey took place as
    Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway from the Pen-y-
    darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales.[32][35][36] The design
    incorporated a number of important innovations that included using high-pressure steam
    which reduced the weight of the engine and increased its efficiency. Trevithick visited the
    Newcastle area later in 1804 and the colliery railways in north-east England became the
    leading centre for experimentation and development of steam locomotives. [37]
    Trevithick continued his own experiments using a trio of locomotives, concluding with
    the Catch Me Who Can in 1808. Only four years later, the successful twin-cylinder
    locomotive Salamanca by Matthew Murray was used by the edge railed rack and
    pinion Middleton Railway.[38] In 1825 George Stephenson built the Locomotion for
    the Stockton and Darlington Railway. This was the first public steam railway in the world and
    then in 1829, he built The Rocket which was entered in and won the Rainhill Trials.
    [39]
     The Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened in 1830 making exclusive use of steam
    power for both passenger and freight trains.
    Steam locomotives continued to be manufactured until the late twentieth century in places
    such as China and the former East Germany (where the DR Class 52.80 was produced).[40]
    Steam turbines[edit]
    Main article: Steam turbine
    The final major evolution of the steam engine design was the use of steam turbines starting
    in the late part of the 19th century. Steam turbines are generally more efficient than
    reciprocating piston type steam engines (for outputs above several hundred horsepower),
    have fewer moving parts, and provide rotary power directly instead of through a connecting
    rod system or similar means.[41] Steam turbines virtually replaced reciprocating engines in
    electricity generating stations early in the 20th century, where their efficiency, higher speed
    appropriate to generator service, and smooth rotation were advantages. Today most electric
    power is provided by steam turbines. In the United States, 90% of the electric power is
    produced in this way using a variety of heat sources.[2] Steam turbines were extensively
    applied for propulsion of large ships throughout most of the 20th century.
    Present development[edit]
    Main article: Advanced steam technology
    Although the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various
    companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal
    combustion engines. The company Energiprojekt AB in Sweden has made progress in using
    modern materials for harnessing the power of steam. The efficiency of Energiprojekt's steam
    engine reaches some 27–30% on high-pressure engines. It is a single-step, 5-cylinder
    engine (no compound) with superheated steam and consumes approx. 4 kg (8.8 lb) of steam
    per kWh.[42][failed verification]

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