ECW 231 Tutorial and Answers Buoyancy Sept19

TUTORIAL 2.
2: Buoyancy EC110/UiTMKS2
1. A piece of irregular shaped metal weighs 300 N in the air. When the metal is completely
submerged in water, it weighs 230 N. Find the volume of the metal.
2. A cylindrical steel drums has a mass of 30 kg and volume of 250 litres. It is sealed and
used as a buoy in the sea by holding it vertically using a chain to a seabed anchor.
Calculate the tension in the anchor chain if 75% of the drum is to be immersed in the
seawater. The density of seawater is 1025 kg/m3.
3. A pontoon which is used to do construction works on a pier built into the sea has a mass
of 40 tonnes. The pontoon is rectangular in plan and cross-section. Its length is 10.5 m, its
width is 4.5 m and its sides are 1.5 m high. Taking the density of seawater as 1025 kg/m3,
calculate the volume of water displaced by the pontoon, immersed depth and the buoyant
force.
4. Two students from UiTM have been asked to conduct an experiment on buoyancy. A
rectangular pontoon weighing 350 kN with the dimensions of 7.6 m long and 5.0 m wide
in plan and 3.7 m high is used in this experiment. If specific weight of seawater is 10.06
kN/m3, calculate the depth of immersion, di for that pontoon. If an additional load is placed
on the pontoon, what would be the weight of this additional load that would cause the
pontoon to be completely submerged. (1.09 m, 10 56 kN)
5. A solid circular cylinder of radius r and height h has specific gravity 0.6. Find the minimum
ratio r/h for which the cylinder will float in water with its axis vertical and just be stable.
Comment on the stability with a change in its specific gravity. (0.693)
6. A solid cube floating in multi-layer fluids as shown in Figure Q6. Determine the weight and
density of the cube.
Figure Q6
7. A block of wood, 0.2 m x 0.5 m in cross-section and 0.8 m long has a mass of 64 kg. Can
the block float in water with the 0.5 m side vertical? Refer to Figure Q7.
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TUTORIAL 2.2: Buoyancy EC110/UiTMKS2
Figure Q7
8. Figure Q8 depicts a rectangular pontoon floating in seawater (1025 kg/m3) is 8 m long, 7

m broad and 3 m deep. It weighs 600 kN. It carries on its upper deck an employ boiler 4
m diameter weighing 400 kN. The centre of gravity of pontoon and boiler are at their
geometric centres along a vertical line. Is the system stable?
Figure Q8
9. An aluminium cube of sides 300 mm is immersed into a tank containing two fluid layers of
water and mercury as shown in Figure Q9. The specific weight of the aluminium cube is
26.5 kN/m3. Determine the position of the cube at mercury-water interface when it has
reached equilibrium.
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Figure Q9
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
10. A 65-mm diameter wooden cylinder (𝜌𝜌 = 500 � −3) measuring 1-m long floats
𝑚𝑚
horizontally in seawater as shown in Figure Q10. Determine the immersed depth H if the
water free surface is found to be located below the centroid of the wooden cylinder cross-
section. Hence, check the stability of the wooden cylinder. Given the specific gravity of
seawater is 1.20.
Figure Q10
11. Figure Q11 shows a tsunami buoy system consisting of a fitted structure, a 1.2-m-diameter
spherical buoy and a concrete block. Without the concrete block, the buoy and fitted
structure are found to be floating at ¾ D in seawater. Propose minimum required weight,
W min of the concrete block to completely submerge the buoy together with the fitted
structure (refer to the second diagram). Ignore the tension in the cable holding the concrete
block to the buoy. Take specific weight of seawater and concrete as 12.44 kN/m3 and 24
kN/m3 respectively. The weight of the structure fitted at the top of the buoy is 6.5 kN.
Figure Q11
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12. A hollow cylinder has an external and internal diameter of 0.3 m and 0.15 m respectively.
The cylinder is 1-m high and both ends are opened. The weight of the cylinder is 350 N.
Evaluate the stability of the hollow cylinder if it is placed vertically in water as shown in
Figure Q12.
Figure Q12
13. A conical buoy 1-m long with a base diameter of 1.2 m floats in water with its apex
downwards as shown in Figure Q13. Determine the minimum weight of the buoy to
achieve stable equilibrium. Justify whether the buoy is full submerged or not when a 2.5
kN load is added to the buoy.
Figure Q13
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Answers
1 7.136 x 10-3 m3
2 1591.06 N
3 39.024 m3, 0.826 m, 392.396 kN
4 0.916 m, 1064.436 kN
5 0.693
6 140.712 kN, 918 kg/m3
7 0.208 m, 0.25 m, unstable
8 3.187 m, 2.9 m, unstable
9 0.041 m, 0.259 m
10 0.0248 m, 0.0325 m, 0.0276 m, unstable
11 2811.44 N
12 0.347 m, 0.5 m, stable
13 3426.32 N
14
15
16
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TUTORIAL 2.

8. Figure Q8 depicts a rectangular pontoon floating in seawater (1025 kg/m3) is 8 m long, 7

3 39.024 m3, 0.826 m, 392.396 kN

6 140.712 kN, 918 kg/m3

7 0.208 m, 0.25 m, unstable

8 3.187 m, 2.9 m, unstable

10 0.0248 m, 0.0325 m, 0.0276 m, unstable

12 0.347 m, 0.5 m, stable

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