Imd World Digital Competitiveness RANKING 2020: About The Institute For Management Development (IMD)

IMD WORLD
DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS
RANKING 2020
Preface
We are pleased and proud to present the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking (WDCR) for 2020. The
fourth edition of this ranking comes at a very challenging time for the world. Since the beginning of the year,
every aspect of our lives has been affected by the pandemic. Technology has been incorporated to address
the pandemic in different dimensions from communication to monitoring, assessing and, hopefully in the non-
distant future, finding a cure for the virus.
WDCR measures the capacity and readiness of 63 economies to adopt and explore digital technologies for
economic and social transformation. The ranking relies on three factors: Knowledge, which captures the
intangible infrastructure necessary for the learning and discovery dimensions of technology; Technology, which
quantifies the landscape of developing digital technologies; and Future Readiness, that examines the level of
preparedness of an economy to assume its digital transformation.
For most countries the responses of our survey were acquired during the first wave of COVID-19. To be clear,
the questions we ask do not refer specifically to issues related to the pandemic. Still, if technology is the most
important tool in our battle against the pandemic, some of the trends we identify have an added significance.
And the trends follow past observations. The role of knowledge generation and talent development in
combination with effective regulation and infrastructure, continue to drive digital competitiveness. Furthermore,
the flexibility and adaptability of not only enterprises but of individuals as well sustain the digital progress of
countries.
An undertaking like the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking could not have been accomplished without
the support and assistance of many stakeholders. Our Partner Institutes, the IMD Alumni community and our
Panel of Experts from all the countries generously offer data and insights that are crucial for completing such
a project. We are fortunate and honored for their continuous collaboration. Yet, this year, they miraculously
managed to make us feel that it was business as usual and not a uniquely complicated and difficult environment.
The reason you have this publication in your hands now is, to a great extent, due to our stakeholders. We are
humbled and thankful!
Professor Arturo Bris Dr Christos Cabolis

Director Chief Economist & Head of Operations
IMD World Competitiveness Center IMD World Competitiveness Center
I M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 2 0 3
Table of Contents
The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2020
Preface��3
User’s Guide to the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking��14

Overall and Breakdown Digital Rankings��14
Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles��15
Trends in the World Digital Competitiveness Ranking, 2020��18
IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2020��27
Methodology in a Nutshell��30
What is the IMD World Digital Competitiveness ranking?��31
The 2020 IMD World Competitiveness Rankings : Selected Breakdowns ��32

Populations greater than 20 million�� 32
Populations less than 20 million��33
GDP per capita greater than $20,000��34
GDP per capita less than $20,000��35
Europe- Middle East - Africa��36
Asia - Pacific��37
The Americas��37
Knowledge��38
Technology��39
Future Readiness��40
Factor Rankings - 5 years overview��42
Sub-factor Rankings��44
Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles��45
Appendices and Sources��172
Notes and Sources by Criteria��174

Factor I: Knowledge��174
Factor II: Technology��176
Factor III: Future Readiness��178
Index to Criteria��180
4 I M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 2 0
World Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles
Argentina�� 46 Lithuania�� 110

Australia�� 48 Luxembourg�� 112
Austria�� 50 Malaysia�� 114
Belgium�� 52 Mexico�� 116
Brazil�� 54 Mongolia�� 118
Bulgaria�� 56 Netherlands�� 120
Canada�� 58 New Zealand�� 122
Chile�� 60 Norway�� 124
China�� 62 Peru�� 126
Colombia�� 64 Philippines�� 128
Croatia�� 66 Poland�� 130
Cyprus�� 68 Portugal�� 132
Czech Republic�� 70 Qatar�� 134
Denmark�� 72 Romania�� 136
Estonia�� 74 Russia�� 138
Finland�� 76 Saudi Arabia�� 140
France�� 78 Singapore�� 142
Germany�� 80 Slovak Republic�� 144
Greece�� 82 Slovenia�� 146
Hong Kong SAR�� 84 South Africa�� 148
Hungary�� 86 Spain�� 150
Iceland�� 88 Sweden�� 152
India�� 90 Switzerland�� 154
Indonesia�� 92 Taiwan, China�� 156
Ireland�� 94 Thailand�� 158
Israel�� 96 Turkey�� 160
Italy�� 98 UAE�� 162
Japan�� 100 Ukraine�� 164
Jordan�� 102 United Kingdom�� 166
Kazakhstan�� 104 USA�� 168
Korea Rep.�� 106 Venezuela�� 170
Latvia�� 108
The IMD World Competitiveness
Center
For more than thirty years, the IMD World Competitiveness Center has pioneered research on how countries and companies
compete to lay the foundations for sustainable value creation. The competitiveness of nations is probably one of the most
significant developments in modern management and IMD is committed to leading the field. The World Competitiveness
Center conducts its mission in cooperation with a network of 57 Partner Institutes worldwide to provide the government,
business and academic communities with the following services:
• Competitiveness Special Reports

• Competitiveness Prognostic Reports
• Workshops/Mega Dives on competitiveness
• IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook
• IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking
• IMD World Talent Ranking
The IMD World Competitiveness Center team:
At IMD Professor Arturo Bris Director of The IMD World Competitiveness Center
Christos Cabolis Chief Economist & Head of Operations
José Caballero Senior Economist
Madeleine Hediger Data Research and Online Services Specialist
Catherine Jobin Order and Sales Administrator
William Milner Research Projects Associate Manager
Marco Pistis Research Specialist
Maryam Zargari Research Specialist

At KAESCO Jean-François Kaeser
Consulting

We also have the privilege of collaborating with a unique network of Partner Institutes, and other organizations, which
guarantees the relevance of the data gathered.
Contact:
Tel: + 41 21/618 02 51
E-mail : [email protected]
Internet: www.imd.org/wcc
Partner Institutes
We would like to express our deep appreciation for the contribution of our Partner Institutes, enabling an extensive
coverage of competitiveness in their home countries. The following Institutes and people supplied data from national
sources and helped distribute the survey questionnaires:
Argentina
Research Program on Economic Development and Dr. Alicia Caballero, Dean

Institutions Dr. Marcelo F. Resico, Senior Economist
Faculty of Economic Sciences Mr. Santiago Franco, Research Assistant
Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires
http://www.uca.edu.ar
Australia
CEDA – Committee for Economic Development of Australia Jarrod Ball, Chief Economist
www.ceda.com.au Roxanne Punton, Director, External Affairs
Austria
Federation of Austrian Industries, Vienna Dr. Christian Helmenstein, Chief Economist

Austrian Institute of Economic Research, Vienna Ms. Helena Zwickl
http://www.iv-net.at Mr. Michael Oliver
Belgium
FEB - Federation of Enterprises in Belgium, Brussels Christophe Ernaelsteen, Conseiller

www.vbo-feb.be Centre de compétence Economie & conjoncture
Brazil
Fundação Dom Cabral, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Carlos Arruda, Professor and Director FDC Innovation and
Center Entrepreneurship Center
https://www.fdc.org.br/ Ana Burcharth, Professor
Naira T. A. C. Gonçalves, Researcher
Bulgaria
Center for the Study of Democracy, Sofia Mr. Ruslan Stefanov, Director, Economic Program
www.csd.bg Ms. Daniela Mineva, Research Fellow, Economic Program
Mr. Martin Vladimirov, Analyst, Economic Program
Dr. Todor Galev, Senior Analyst, Economic Program
Canada
Information and Communications Technology Council Alexandra Cutean, Director Research & Policy
(ICTC) Rosina Hamoni, Research Analyst
www.ictc-ctic.ca
Chile
Universidad de Chile Dr. Enrique Manzur, Vice Dean

Facultad de Economía y Negocios (FEN) Dr. Sergio Olavarrieta, Ph.D Program Director
www.fen.uchile.cl Dr. Pedro Hidalgo, Department Head
China
China Institute for Development Planning, Tsinghua Prof. Yang Yongheng, Associate Dean of School of Public
University Policy & Management, Executive Associate Director of
China Institute for Development Planning
Prof. Wang Youqiang, Associate Director of China Institute
for Development Planning
Dr. Gong Pu, Research Fellow
Mr. Wang Hongshuai, PhD Candidate
Ms. Song Wenjuan, PhD Candidate
Mr. You Shuai, PhD Candidate
Ms. Xie Xiaohong, PhD Candidate
Mr. Mao Junsong, Graduate Student
Ms. Sun Xiao, Graduate Student
Colombia
National Planning Department Luis Alberto Rodríguez, Director, National Department of

https://www.dnp.gov.co/DNPN/Paginas/default.aspx Planning
Juan Sebastián Robledo Botero, Director, Innovation and
Private Sector Development
Croatia
National Competitiveness Council Ivica Mudrinic, President

http://konkurentnost.hr/en/ Jadranka Gable, Advisor
Kresimir Jurlin, PhD, Researcher
Cyprus
Economics Research Centre, University of Cyprus Sofronis Clerides, Professor of Economics

Nicoletta Pashourtidou, Assistant Director
Cyprus Employers and Industrialists Federation (OEB) Antonis Frangoudis

www.oeb.org.cy
Czech Republic
Consumer Forum (Spotřebitelské fórum) Dr. Kryštof Kruliš

www.spotrebitelskeforum.cz
Denmark
Confederation of Danish Industry Allan Sørensen, Chief analyst

https://www.danskindustri.dk/english/
Estonia
Estonian Institute of Economic Research (EKI) Ms. Marje Josing, Director

www.ki.ee
Enterprise Estonia (EAS) Mr. Tanel Rebane, Director of Trade Development Agency
Finland
ETLA Economic Research Ville Kaitila, Researcher

www.etla.fi Markku Lehmus, Head of Forecasting
Aki Kangasharju, Managing Director
France
Business France, Paris Ms. Sylvie Montout, Chief Economist

http://en.businessfrance.fr/
Greece
Federation of Industries of Greece (SBE), Thessaloniki Dr. Christos Georgiou, Director, Research and
Documentation Department
Mr. Constantinos Styliaras, Economist, Research and
Documentation Department
Foundation for Economic and Industrial Research (FEIR/ Aggelos Tsakanikas, Associate Professor National
IOBE), Athens Technical University of Athens - Head of Entepreneurship
Observatory
Sophia Stavraki, Research Associate
Hong Kong SAR
Hong Kong Trade Development Council Ms. Alice Tsang, Assistant Principal Economist
www.hktdc.com Ms. Doris Fung, Economist
Hungary
ICEG European Center, Budapest Ms. Renata Anna Jaksa, Director

http://icegec.org Dr. Oliver Kovacs, Senior Research Fellow
National University of Public Service, Prof. Dr. Magdolna Csath, Research Professor
Competitiveness and Fiscal Stability Research Group,
Budapest - http://en.uni-nke.hu/
Iceland
Icelandic Chamber of Commerce, Reykjavik Mr. Konrad S. Gudjonsson, Chief Economist

www.chamber.is Mr. Isak Einar Runarsson, Economic Analyst
India
National Productivity Council, New Delhi Dr.K.P.Sunny, Director & Head (Economic Services)
www.npcindia.gov.in Mr. Rajesh Sund, Director (Economic Services) & Head
(Productivity Awareness)
Dr. Rajat Sharma, Director (Economic Services)
Indonesia
Lembaga Management, Faculty of Economics and Dr. Willem A. Makaliwe, Managing Director
Business, Universitas Indonesia (LM FEB UI), Jakarta Dr. Toto Pranoto, Senior Adviser
http://www.lmfeui.com/index.php Bayuadi Wibowo, Group Head of Research Services
Arza Faldy Prameswara, Senior Researcher
Yendra Emirsyah Kivatra, Research Analyst
Ajeng Awliya Puspitasari, Research Analyst
Nadia Feby Artharini, Research Analyst
NuPMK Consullting, Jakarta Ms. Tini Moeis, Managing Director

http://nupmk.co.id
Ireland
IDA Ireland Karen Law

www.idaireland.com
Israel
The Federation of Israeli Chambers of Commerce, Tel-Aviv Israela Many – Deputy Managing Director of Economy and
www.chamber.org.il Tax
Itay Boyman – Executive Economist
Italy
CONFINDUSTRIA, Economic Research Department, Rome Dr. Alessandro Fontana, Economist

www.confindustria.it Dr. Cristina Pensa, Economist
Dr. Lorena Scaperrotta, Economist
Japan
Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc., Tokyo Dr. Hirotsugu Sakai, Research Director
Research Center for Policy and Economy
www.mri.co.jp
Jordan
Ministry of planning and International Cooperation Zeina Toukan, Secretary General

www.mop.gov.jo Ghada Issa, Head of Competitiveness Division
Kazakhstan
Economic Research Institute, JSC of the Ministry of National Ruslan Sultanov, Chairman of the Board
Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan Shakharbanu Zhakupova, Deputy Chairman of the Board
www.economy.kz Bakytgul Khambar, Director, Center for Strategic Research
and Sustainable Development
Assem Mukazhanova, Deputy Director, Center for Strategic
Research and Sustainable Development
Madina Nurzhanova, Senior Expert, Center for Strategic
Nauryz Baizakov, Senior Expert, Center for Strategic
Temirlan Otepov, Expert, Center for Strategic Research and
Sustainable Development
Korea Rep.
Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) Dr. Young gui Kim, Senior Research Fellow
http://www.kiep.go.kr/eng/ Ms. Nayoun Park, Researcher
The Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry Ethan Cho, Manager

http://english.korcham.net/
Latvia
University of Latvia Centre for European and Transition Mrs. Zane Zeibote
Studies, LU CETS
http://www.lu.lv/cets
Lithuania
Enterprise Lithuania Vytautas Adomaitis, Regulatory Affairs Officer

www.enterpriselithuania.com
Luxembourg
Chamber of Commerce of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Ms. Christel Chatelain, Head of Economic Affairs
www.cc.lu Mr. Jean-Baptiste Nivet, Senior Economist
Ms. Sidonie Paris, Economist
Malaysia
Malaysia Productivity Corporation (MPC), Petaling Jaya, Dato’ Abdul Latif Hj. Abu Seman, Director General MPC
Selangor En. Ab Rahim Yusoff, Deputy Director General MPC
www.mpc.gov.my En. Zahid Ismail, Deputy Director General MPC
Pn. Wan Fazlin Nadia Wan Osman, Director Productivity &
Competitiveness Development Division
En. Mohamad Muzaffar Abdul Hamid, Deputy Director
Productivity & Competitiveness Development Division
Pn. Haslizayanti Othman, Assistant Manager Productivity &
Competitiveness Development Division
Mexico
Center for Strategic Studies for Competitiveness M.C. Carlos Maroto Cabrera
www.ceec.edu.mx M.S. Carlos Maroto Espinosa
Mongolia
Economic Policy and Competitiveness Research Center Mr. Tsagaan Puntsag, Founder and Chairman of Board
www.ecrc.mn Ms. Lakshmi Boojoo, Director General
Ms. Odonchimeg Ikhbayar, Deputy Director and Head of Research
Ms. Tungalag Erdenebat, Research Economist
Mr. Mungunjiguur Battsolmon, Research Economist
Ms. Munkhshur Purevsuren, Researcher and Administrative
Officer
Mr. Iderkhangai Khenmedekh, Research Economist
Ms. Yesunchuluu Khuderchuluu, Research Economist
Netherlands
Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers Mr. Thomas Grosfeld

(VNO-NCW), The Hague Mr. Tim Zandbergen
www.vno-ncw.nl
New Zealand
Kerridge & Partners, Auckland Mr Peter Kerridge, Partner

https://kerridgepartners.com/
Peru
CENTRUM PUCP Mrs. Beatrice Avolio, Head of the Graduate Business

http://centrum.pucp.edu.pe Department
Mr. Percy Marquina, General Director
Mr. Luis Del Carpio, Center of Competitiveness Director
Mr. Victor Fajardo, Research Analyst
Philippines
Asian Institute of Management Rizalino S. Navarro Policy Jamil Paolo Francisco, Ph.D. – Executive Director, AIM RSN
Center for Competitiveness (AIM RSN PCC) PCC & Associate Dean, Asian Institute of Management
policy.aim.edu John Paul Flaminiano – Associate Director and Senior
Economist, AIM RSN PCC
Christopher Ed Caboverde – Research Associate, AIM RSN
PCC
Poland
SGH Warsaw School of Economics Prof. Marzenna Weresa

World Economy Research Institute Dr. Anna Dzienis
Collegium of World Economy
https://ssl-www.sgh.waw.pl/pl/Strony/default.aspx
Portugal
Porto Business School, University of Porto, Porto Prof. Daniel Bessa

https://www.pbs.up.pt/ Prof. Álvaro Almeida
Prof. José Luís Alvim
Prof. João Loureiro
Prof. Filipe Grilo
Prof. Ramon O’Callaghan
Dr. Rui Coutinho
Qatar
Planning and Statistics Authority Dr. Issa Ju’ma Ibrahim, Economic Expert
Department of Strategic Planning Hissa Alassiry, Project Manager
www.psa.gov.qa
Romania
CIT-IRECSON Center of Technological Information, Mr. Bogdan Ciocanel, PhD, Director

Bucharest Mr. Dan Grigore, Economist
www.cit-irecson.ro
Russia
Moscow School of Management SKOLKOVO Dr. Andrey Shapenko, Associate Professor, Academic
https://school.skolkovo.ru/en/ Director, MBA Programme
Mr. Vladimir Korovkin, Head of Digital and Innovations
Research
Saudi Arabia
NCC, National Competitiveness Center H.E. Dr. Eiman AlMutairi, CEO of National Competitiveness
https://www.ncc.gov.sa/en/Pages/default.aspx Center
Waleed AlRudaian, Vice President
Salman M. AlTukhaifi, Director of Analytical Department
Deema Almudaheem, Project Manager
Abdulrahman AlGhamdi, Senior Analyst
Singapore
Singapore Business Federation Ms. Cheryl Kong, Assistant Executive Director

www.sbf.org.sg/
Economics Division, Ministry of Trade and Industry,

Singapore
www.mti.gov.
Slovak Republic
F.A.Hayek foundation, Bratislava Martin Reguli, Project Manager

http://www.hayek.sk/ Matúš Pošvanc, Director
Slovenia
Institute for Economic Research, Ljubljana Mr. Peter Stanovnik, PhD, Associate Professor
http://www.ier.si/ Ms. Sonja Ursic, M.A.
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics Ms. Mateja Drnovsek, PhD, Full Professor
http://www.ef.uni-lj.si/en Mr. Ales Vahcic, PhD, Full Professor
South Africa
Productivity SA Mr Mothunye Mothiba, CEO

https://productivitysa.co.za/ Dr Leroi Raputsoane, Chief Economist
Ms Juliet Sebolelo Mashabela, Economist
Spain
Spanish Confederation of Employers, Madrid Ms. Edita Pereira, Head of Economic Research Unit
www.ceoe.es Ms. Paloma Blanco, Economic Research Unit
Taiwan, China
National Development Council, Taipei Mr. Cheng, Cheng-Mount, Deputy Minister

http://www.ndc.gov.tw Ms. Wu, Ming Huei, Director of Economic Development
Department
Mr. Wang, Chen-Ya, Specialist
Thailand
Thailand Management Association (TMA), Bangkok Ms. Wanweera Rachdawong, Chief Executive Officer, TMA
www.tma.or.th Ms. Pornkanok Wipusanawan, Director, TMA Center for
Competitiveness
Mr. Nussati Khaneekul, Senior Manager, TMA Center for
Competitiveness
Turkey
TUSIAD, Turkish Industry and Business Association Zümrüt İmamoğlu, Chief Economist
Economic Research Department İsmet Tosunoğlu, Expert
www.tusiad.org
United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Federal Competitiveness & Statistics Authority (FCSA),

Dubai
http://fcsa.gov.ae/en-us
Ukraine
International Management Institute (MIM-Kyiv) Dr. Iryna Tykhomyrova, President

https://mim.kiev.ua/en Dr. Volodymyr Danko, Professor
Ms. Oksana Kukuruza, External Relations Director
Venezuela
National Council to Investment Promotion (CONAPRI) Mr. Juan Cabral, Executive Director
www.conapri.org Ms. Jennyn Osorio, Manager of Economic Affairs
Ms. Lilian Zambrano, Manager of Legal Affairs
User’s Guide to the IMD World Digital
Competitiveness Ranking
Overall and Breakdown Digital Rankings
The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking
The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking

presents the 2020 overall rankings for the 63 economies
covered by the WCY. The rankings are calculated on the
basis of the 52 ranked criteria: 32 Hard and 20 Survey
data. The countries are ranked from the most to the least
digital competitive and the results from the previous
year’s scoreboard (2019) are shown in brackets. The
index value or “score” is also indicated for each country.
Selected breakdowns of the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking
In addition to global digital rankings, other rankings

are provided to show comparisons based on different
perspectives. These digital rankings include countries
split by population size (populations above and below 20
million), by GDP per capita to reflect different peer groups
(above and below $20,000) and three regional rankings
drawn from different geographical areas (Europe-Middle
East-Africa, Asia-Pacific and the Americas).
Digital Competitiveness Factor Rankings
The global rankings for each of the Digital KNOWLEDGE

Know-how necessary to discover, understand and build new technologies
Competitiveness Factors are then shown as individual 0

97.922
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
(1) USA 1
ranking tables. Again, the economies are ranked from 92.031

89.770
(3) Singapore 2
(2) Switzerland 3
the most to the least digital competitive and the previous

89.199 (4) Sweden 4
88.825 (5) Canada 5
86.145 (6) Denmark 6
year’s rankings (2019) are shown in brackets. Similar to 85.380

85.105
(7) Hong Kong SAR 7
(18) China 8
the Overall Digital Ranking, the values or “scores” are

84.485 (8) Israel 9
82.499 (11) Korea Rep. 10
81.821 (10) Austria 11
indicated for each Factor. However, there is only one 81.028

81.012
(12) Germany 12
(14) United Kingdom 13
economy that has a score of 100 and one economy with

80.839 (13) Netherlands 14
80.438 (9) Finland 15
78.196 (16) Norway 16
a score of 0 across all four Factors. 77.848

76.335
73.636
(15) Australia 17
(17) Taiwan, China 18
(19) Malaysia 19
71.021 (20) France 20
70.902 (23) Belgium 21
70.092 (25) Japan 22
69.565 (30) Estonia 23
68.812 (24) Ireland 24
68.773 (26) Lithuania 25
67.891 (22) Russia 26
66.615 (29) Iceland 27
66.603 (21) New Zealand 28
66.239 (27) Slovenia 29
66.083 (33) Poland 30
66.003 (35) UAE 31
65.852 (28) Spain 32
64.937 (31) Portugal 33
62.942 (32) Kazakhstan 34
62.641
62.488
(34) Luxembourg 35
(36) Latvia 36
60.941 (37) Czech Republic 37
58.381 (40) Ukraine 38
56.231 (38) India 39
55.703 (55) Cyprus 40
55.374 (42) Croatia 41
Overall Ranking and Digital Competitiveness Factors
This section presents the overall rankings and the 5-year

OVERALL Knowledge Technology Future readiness
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Argentina 55 57 55 59 59 53 56 58 58 50 56 58 54 56 62 46 49 45 56 47 Argentina
trends for each of the three Digital Competitiveness

Australia 14 15 13 14 15 16 18 15 15 17 15 15 14 14 14 7 14 11 14 17 Australia
Austria 19 16 15 20 17 12 12 13 10 11 28 28 26 32 28 19 15 14 23 16 Austria
Belgium 18 22 23 25 25 20 22 25 23 21 21 24 24 21 19 16 22 23 25 25 Belgium
Brazil 54 55 57 57 51 54 55 62 59 57 54 55 55 57 57 49 44 47 43 43 Brazil
Factors: Knowledge, Technology and Future Readiness.

Bulgaria 47 45 43 45 45 38 41 41 46 47 38 42 42 42 45 58 57 55 48 44 Bulgaria
Canada 5 9 8 11 12 7 3 3 5 5 14 13 12 13 13 3 8 9 18 15 Canada
Chile 37 40 37 42 41 51 52 47 50 49 34 34 35 41 40 32 33 31 37 39 Chile
China 35 31 30 22 16 24 23 30 18 8 39 36 34 26 27 38 34 28 21 18 China
Thus, the reader is able to analyze the digital evolution

Colombia 56 58 59 58 61 56 57 57 57 59 59 60 60 60 61 44 53 56 55 50 Colombia
Croatia 44 48 44 51 52 45 50 43 42 41 43 47 49 50 49 50 56 54 60 62 Croatia
Cyprus - 53 54 54 40 - 46 55 55 40 - 54 56 59 52 - 54 44 40 29 Cyprus
of an economy over the past few years relative to the

Czech Republic 32 32 33 37 35 34 36 38 37 37 26 26 31 34 36 34 37 34 39 36 Czech Republic
Denmark 8 5 4 4 3 8 8 8 6 6 12 10 10 11 9 6 1 1 2 1 Denmark
Estonia 27 26 25 29 21 30 28 29 30 23 17 19 20 22 23 26 26 26 30 20 Estonia
Finland 6 4 7 7 10 9 9 9 9 15 7 4 4 8 10 5 4 8 7 9 Finland
others on a global basis.

France 22 25 26 24 24 21 19 20 20 20 23 22 19 16 15 20 28 27 29 31 France
Germany 15 17 18 17 18 10 13 14 12 12 25 21 21 31 31 14 18 20 16 19 Germany
Greece 45 50 53 53 46 46 51 51 53 48 52 52 51 54 43 36 47 46 53 46 Greece
Hong Kong SAR 11 7 11 8 5 6 6 5 7 7 2 3 6 4 2 27 17 24 15 10 Hong Kong SAR
Hungary 42 44 46 43 47 43 48 48 44 44 37 38 40 36 39 45 55 58 57 60 Hungary
Iceland 26 23 21 27 23 32 30 28 29 27 22 20 18 20 21 18 21 19 26 22 Iceland
India 53 51 48 44 48 39 37 46 38 39 57 59 53 49 50 54 51 48 46 56 India
Indonesia 60 59 62 56 56 60 58 61 56 63 58 56 59 47 54 60 62 62 58 48 Indonesia
Ireland 20 21 20 19 20 25 25 22 24 24 27 25 29 28 30 12 10 13 5 14 Ireland
Israel 13 13 12 16 19 5 7 2 8 9 24 27 25 30 32 9 11 7 19 23 Israel
Italy 34 39 41 41 42 40 42 42 41 42 44 45 41 46 46 29 30 36 31 38 Italy
Japan 23 27 22 23 27 23 29 18 25 22 19 23 23 24 26 23 25 25 24 26 Japan
Jordan 48 56 45 50 53 59 61 56 49 54 45 50 48 53 44 37 48 41 52 58 Jordan
Kazakhstan 43 38 38 35 36 47 40 35 32 34 42 35 39 39 41 41 38 40 35 33 Kazakhstan
Korea Rep. 17 19 14 10 8 15 14 11 11 10 13 17 17 17 12 25 24 17 4 3 Korea Rep.
Latvia 33 35 35 36 38 33 34 34 36 36 33 32 32 23 34 39 41 39 45 42 Latvia
Lithuania 29 29 29 30 29 18 21 23 26 25 29 29 30 25 29 33 31 33 32 30 Lithuania
Luxembourg 21 20 24 21 28 29 27 32 34 35 11 12 15 12 17 24 23 21 17 27 Luxembourg
Malaysia 24 24 27 26 26 22 17 17 19 19 16 18 22 19 20 28 27 29 28 32 Malaysia
Mexico 52 49 51 49 54 52 54 54 52 52 49 48 46 52 56 56 50 50 49 52 Mexico
Mongolia 57 61 61 62 62 55 59 53 62 58 55 61 62 62 60 52 60 59 61 59 Mongolia
Netherlands 4 6 9 6 7 13 11 12 13 14 10 9 8 6 8 2 3 4 3 4 Netherlands
New Zealand 10 14 19 18 22 14 20 21 21 28 6 11 16 15 18 15 20 18 20 21 New Zealand
Norway 9 10 6 9 9 17 15 16 16 16 3 2 2 3 3 13 12 6 8 6 Norway
Peru 58 62 60 61 55 61 62 60 61 55 53 57 57 58 58 55 58 60 59 55 Peru
Philippines 46 46 56 55 57 50 53 50 51 62 50 51 58 55 53 40 43 52 54 54 Philippines
Poland 38 37 36 33 32 27 32 33 33 30 36 39 37 37 37 51 39 37 33 35 Poland
Portugal 31 33 32 34 37 31 31 27 31 33 35 37 36 38 38 31 35 32 34 41 Portugal
Qatar 28 28 28 31 30 37 35 37 45 45 31 31 27 33 25 21 19 16 22 24 Qatar
Romania 49 54 47 46 49 48 47 45 47 53 46 46 44 45 48 57 59 57 51 49 Romania
Russia 40 42 40 38 43 28 24 24 22 26 47 44 43 43 47 53 52 51 42 53 Russia
Saudi Arabia - 36 42 39 34 - 39 40 39 46 - 41 50 40 24 - 32 38 38 28 Saudi Arabia
Singapore 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 6 15 11 12 Singapore
Slovak Republic 41 43 50 47 50 41 43 49 48 51 41 43 47 44 51 43 46 53 47 51 Slovak Republic
Slovenia 36 34 34 32 31 26 26 26 27 29 40 40 38 35 35 35 36 35 36 37 Slovenia
South Africa 51 47 49 48 60 49 49 52 54 60 51 53 52 51 55 47 42 43 44 57 South Africa
Spain 30 30 31 28 33 36 33 31 28 32 32 33 33 29 33 30 29 30 27 40 Spain
Sweden 3 2 3 3 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 5 5 7 6 8 5 5 6 7 Sweden
Switzerland 7 8 5 5 6 3 4 6 2 3 9 8 9 10 11 10 13 10 10 5 Switzerland
Taiwan, China 16 12 16 13 11 19 16 19 17 18 8 7 11 9 5 22 16 22 12 8 Taiwan, China
Thailand 39 41 39 40 39 42 44 44 43 43 30 30 28 27 22 48 45 49 50 45 Thailand
Turkey 50 52 52 52 44 58 60 59 60 56 48 49 45 48 42 42 40 42 41 34 Turkey
UAE 25 18 17 12 14 35 38 36 35 31 20 14 7 2 4 17 7 12 9 11 UAE
Digital Sub-factor Rankings

Ukraine 59 60 58 60 58 44 45 39 40 38 60 62 61 61 59 61 61 61 62 61 Ukraine
United Kingdom 12 11 10 15 13 11 10 10 14 13 18 16 13 18 16 11 9 3 13 13 United Kingdom
USA 2 3 1 1 1 4 5 4 1 1 5 6 3 5 7 1 2 2 1 2 USA
Venezuela 61 63 63 63 63 57 63 63 63 61 61 63 63 63 63 59 63 63 63 63 Venezuela
A summary of the rankings for all nine sub-factors Knowledge Technology Future readiness
Technological framework
is presented for the 63 economies for 2020. It is
Scientific concentration
Regulatory framework
Training & education
possible, at a glance, to determine in what areas of
Adaptive attitudes
Business agility
IT integration
digital competitiveness an economy excels or has
Capital
Talent
par ticular weaknesses and to make comparisons Argentina 56 43 55 57 62 56 49 39 52 Argentina
between countries. These rankings provide a more Australia

Austria
6
12
28
12
19
14
6
24
13
30
20
33
5
21
43
21
12
9
Australia
Austria
detailed examination of specific aspects of the digital Belgium

Brazil
20
62
31
61
21
27
19
52
21
58
29
50
24
39
35
41
26
48
Belgium
Brazil
transformation and can be used to, for example, evaluate Bulgaria

Canada
48
8
50
6
42
7
55
12
48
3
39
26
41
16
40
16
47
13
Bulgaria
Canada
the technological framework of a country or support Chile

China
37
13
49
40
58
2
33
18
40
31
44
32
22
17
54
4
40
35
Chile
China
international investment decisions. Colombia

Croatia
54
61
48
26
57
32
60
59
56
43
61
40
60
46
38
63
49
59
Colombia
Croatia
Cyprus 57 30 35 47 52 52 28 42 29 Cyprus
Czech Republic 26 46 31 45 27 28 34 27 36 Czech Republic
We view the rankings as a tool for managers or policy Denmark

Estonia
4
31
9
3
15
47
4
30
23
29
6
17
2
18
5
26
1
22
Denmark
Estonia
makers to use when they analyze the above questions. Finland

France
11
25
20
36
12
13
13
9
6
20
10
19
10
36
22
36
2
21
Finland
France
Of course, each company must take into consideration Germany

Greece
22
50
17
56
5
36
28
41
16
49
45
46
23
44
15
55
20
45
Germany
Greece
the logic of its own economic sector, economic forecasts Hong Kong SAR
Hungary
7
44
5
45
17
44
7
39
12
46
2
24
4
62
14
59
19
41
Hong Kong SAR
Hungary
and its own traditions as well as governments should Iceland

India
33
41
15
51
46
29
15
53
35
7
16
62
25
55
19
52
27
55
Iceland
India
consider the national identity and value system of their Indonesia

Ireland
43
19
63
35
51
25
51
14
41
45
55
30
58
12
24
9
60
25
Indonesia
Ireland
economy. Israel
Italy
28
42
1
58
3
22
32
48
26
54
36
43
26
42
29
23
14
39
Israel
Italy
Japan 46 18 11 44 33 5 19 56 23 Japan
Jordan 40 33 63 42 38 53 61 37 57 Jordan
Kazakhstan 49 4 54 23 55 48 33 13 46 Kazakhstan
Korea Rep. 21 11 4 26 25 3 1 3 15 Korea Rep.
Latvia 27 27 49 37 50 13 51 45 37 Latvia
Lithuania 23 16 40 27 42 18 47 18 32 Lithuania
Luxembourg 39 23 41 8 15 35 48 34 16 Luxembourg
Malaysia 30 8 26 35 18 15 30 30 33 Malaysia
Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles Mexico

Mongolia
45
60
57
41
43
61
50
58
53
60
54
60
52
40
50
61
53
61
Mexico
Mongolia
Netherlands 3 29 16 11 2 12 6 7 5 Netherlands
New Zealand 17 37 34 21 24 21 13 46 18 New Zealand
Norway 16 10 23 2 9 9 7 8 6 Norway
Peru 58 39 59 49 37 59 54 47 58 Peru
Philippines 55 59 56 62 39 49 57 32 56 Philippines
Poland 29 32 28 46 36 23 29 33 38 Poland
Portugal 24 38 30 20 44 42 31 57 34 Portugal
Qatar 15 53 60 29 19 31 27 17 28 Qatar
Each two page profile analyses the performance of It is possible, in one glimpse, to evaluate the digital
Romania
Russia
51
47
54
13
39
24
43
40
61
57
37
41
45
43
53
60
54
51
Romania
Russia
one of the 63 economies that are included in the IMD evolution of each economy over time and its relative
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
34
1
34
7
62
10
25
1
5
11
47
1
37
20
28
11
24
3
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
World Digital Competitiveness Ranking. The economies strengths and weaknesses. However, each economy’s
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
53
35
52
22
38
33
61
38
47
28
38
34
50
38
62
31
44
31
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
are presented in alphabetical order. The term economy particular situation is influenced by its development
South Africa
Spain
59
32
60
42
53
20
56
36
32
34
57
27
59
35
58
48
50
30
South Africa
Spain
signifies an economic entity and does not imply any level, political restraints and social value system.
Sweden
Switzerland
9
2
2
14
6
9
5
10
4
14
11
14
8
9
10
6
4
7
Sweden
Switzerland
political independence. Taiwan, China
Thailand
18
36
21
55
18
37
16
31
8
17
4
25
14
53
1
44
17
43
Taiwan, China
Thailand
Turkey 38 62 45 34 51 51 32 20 42 Turkey
UAE 5 44 52 3 10 8 15 12 8 UAE
Ukraine 52 19 50 54 59 58 56 51 62 Ukraine
United Kingdom 10 25 8 17 22 22 11 25 11 United Kingdom
USA 14 24 1 22 1 7 3 2 10 USA
Venezuela 63 47 48 63 63 63 63 49 63 Venezuela
Page 1: Digital Competitiveness – Overall and factors trends
This page shows the overall, factors and sub- Ranking and World Digital Competitiveness Ranking in
factors ranking performances of the country in 2020, the last 5 years.
their 5-years trends and a comparison of between
competitiveness and digital competitiveness rankings. Peer Group Rankings: Based on geographical region
The following indicators are presented: and population size.
Overall Performance: Overall, factors and sub-factors

digital ranking performances of the country in 2020. The
direction of the triangles indicates whether there has
been an improvement or a decline with respect to the
previous year.
Overall & Factors – 5 years: The evolution of the

overall and factors digital rankings in the past 5 years.
Competitiveness and Digital Rankings: Comparison of

the country’ performances in the World Competitiveness
DIGITAL TRENDS - OVERALL

Sub-Factor Rankings
Knowledge Technology Future readiness
THAILAND
Adaptive attitudes
Business agility
IT integration
Capital
Talent
OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)
Argentina 56 43 55 57 62 56 49 39 52 Argentina
Australia 6 28 19 6 13 20 5 43 12 Australia
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
Beta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel Sub-Factors Austria 12 12 14 24 30 33 21 21 9 Austria
Belgium 20 31 21 19 21 29 24 35 26 Belgium
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
Brazil 62 61 27 52 58 50 39 41 48 Brazil
4 4 4 2 2 Bulgaria 48 50 42 55 48 39 41 40 47 Bulgaria
6.5 4 4 2 2
43
Canada 8 6 7 12 3 26 16 16 13 Canada
8.5 4 4 2 2 36 55 37 Chile 37 49 58 33 40 44 22 54 40 Chile
11 4 4 2 2 China 13 40 2 18 31 32 17 4 35 China
Colombia 54 48 57 60 56 61 60 38 49 Colombia
Croatia 61 26 32 59 43 40 46 63 59 Croatia
Talent Training & education Scientific concentration
Knowledge Cyprus 57 30 35 47 52 52 28 42 29 Cyprus
Denmark 4 9 15 4 23 6 2 5 1 Denmark
Estonia 31 3 47 30 29 17 18 26 22 Estonia
Finland 11 20 12 13 6 10 10 22 2 Finland
39
France 25 36 13 9 20 19 36 36 21 France
22 31 17 25 Germany 22 17 5 28 16 45 23 15 20 Germany
Greece 50 56 36 41 49 46 44 55 45 Greece
Hong Kong SAR 7 5 17 7 12 2 4 14 19 Hong Kong SAR
Hungary 44 45 44 39 46 24 62 59 41 Hungary
Regulatory framework Capital Technological framework Iceland 33 15 46 15 35 16 25 19 27 Iceland
Technology
India 41 51 29 53 7 62 55 52 55 India
Indonesia 43 63 51 51 41 55 58 24 60 Indonesia
Ireland 19 35 25 14 45 30 12 9 25 Ireland
Israel 28 1 3 32 26 36 26 29 14 Israel
Italy 42 58 22 48 54 43 42 23 39 Italy
45 53 44 43 Japan 46 18 11 44 33 5 19 56 23 Japan
Factor Rankings - 5 years Overview

Jordan
Kazakhstan
40
49
33
4
63
54
42
23
38
55
53
48
61
33
37
13
57
46
Jordan
Kazakhstan
The direction of the triangle indicates the
Korea Rep. 21 11 OVERALL
4 26 25 3 1 Knowledge
3 15 Korea Rep.
performance change from the last year:
Adaptive attitudes Business agility IT integration Latvia 201627 27
2017 49
2018 37
2019 50 2020 13 2016 51 2017452018 37
2019 2020 Latvia
 improved or stable Future readiness Lithuania
Argentina 23
55 16 57 40 55 27 59 42 5918 5347 56 18 58 32 58 50 Lithuania
declined Luxembourg
Australia 39
14 23 15 41 13 8 14 15 1535 1648 18 34 15 16 15 17 Luxembourg
Malaysia
Austria 30
19 8 16 26 15 35 20 18 1715 1230 12 30 13 33 10 11 Malaysia
Mexico
Belgium 45
18 57 22 43 23 50 25 53 2554 2052 22 50 25 53 23 21 Mexico
Mongolia
Brazil 60
54 41 55 61 57 58 57 60 5160 5440 55 61 62 61 59 57 Mongolia
Netherlands
Bulgaria 473 29 45 16 43 11 45 2 4512 38 6 41 7 41 5 46 47 Netherlands
New Zealand
Canada 17
5 37 9 34 8 21 11 24 1221 713 3 46 3 18 5 5 New Zealand
OVERALL & FACTORS - 5 years 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 ChileNorway 16
37 10 40 23 37 2 42 9 419 51 7 52 8 47 6 50 49 Norway
ChinaPeru 58
35 39 31 59 30 49 22 37 1659 2454 23 47 30 58 18 8 Peru
Philippines
Colombia 55
56 59 58 56 59 62 58 39 6149 5657 57 32 57 56 57 59 Philippines
OVERALL 39 41 39 40 39 Poland
Croatia 29
44 32 48 28 44 46 51 36 5223 4529 50 33 43 38 42 41 Poland
Portugal
Cyprus - 24 38 53 30 54 20 54 44 4042 - 31 46 57 55 34 55 40 Portugal
CzechQatar
Republic 15
32 53 32 60 33 29 37 19 3531 3427 36 17 38 28 37 37 Qatar
Knowledge 42 44 44 43 43 Romania
Denmark 51
8 54 5 39 4 43 4 61 337 845 8 53 8 54 6 6 Romania
Russia
Estonia 47
27 13 26 24 25 40 29 57 2141 3043 28 60 29 51 30 23 Russia
Saudi Arabia
Finland 34
6 34 4 62 7 25 7 5 1047 937 9 28 9 24 9 15 Saudi Arabia
Technology 30 30 28 27 22 Singapore
France 221 7 25 10 26 1 24 11 241 2120 19 11 20 3 20 20 Singapore
Slovak Republic
Germany 53
15 52 17 38 18 61 17 47 1838 1050 13 62 14 44 12 12 Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Greece 35
45 22 50 33 53 38 53 28 4634 4638 51 31 51 31 53 48 Slovenia
Future readiness 48 45 49 50 45 Hong South
KongAfrica
SAR 59
11 60 7 53 11 56 8 32 557 659 6 58 5 50 7 7 South Africa
Spain
Hungary 32
42 42 44 20 46 36 43 34 4727 4335 48 48 48 30 44 44 Spain
Sweden
Iceland 269 2 23 6 21 5 27 4 2311 32 8 30 10 28 4 29 27 Sweden
IndiaSwitzerland 532 14 51 9 48 10 44 14 4814 39 9 37 6 46 7 38 39 Switzerland
Taiwan, China
Indonesia 18
60 21 59 18 62 16 56 8 564 6014 58 1 61 17 56 63 Taiwan, China
Thailand
Ireland 36
20 55 21 37 20 31 19 17 2025 2553 25 44 22 43 24 24 Thailand
COMPETITIVENESS & DIGITAL RANKINGS IsraelTurkey 38

13 62 13 45 12 34 16 51 1951 532 7 20 2 42 8 9 Turkey
ItalyUAE 345 44 39 52 41 3 41 10 428 4015 42 12 42 8 41 42 UAE
JapanUkraine 52
23 19 27 50 22 54 23 59 2758 2356 29 51 18 62 25 22 Ukraine
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 United Kingdom
Jordan 10
48 25 56 8 45 17 50 22 5322 5911 61 25 56 11 49 54 United Kingdom
USA
Kazakhstan 14
43 24 38 1 38 22 35 1 367 47 3 40 2 35 10 32 34 USA
KoreaVenezuela
Rep. 63
17 47 19 48 14 63 10 63 863 1563 14 49 11 63 11 10 Venezuela
Latvia 33 35 35 36 38 33 34 34 36 36
Lithuania 29 29 29 30 29 18 21 23 26 25
Digital Luxembourg 21 20 24 21 28 29 27 32 34 35
Competitiveness
28 27 25 Breakdown Rankings
Malaysia
Mexico
24
52
24
49
27
51
26
49
26
54
22
52
17
54
17
54
19
52
19
52
30 29 Mongolia 57 61 61 62 62 55 59 53 62 58
Netherlands 4 6 9 6 7 13 11 12 13 14
N.B. This graph provides only a 39 41 39 40 39 New Zealand 10 14 19 18 22 14 20 21 21 28
comparison of the country’s Norway 9 10 6 9 9 17 15 16 16 16
performance in the two rankings. Peru 58 62 60 61 55 61 62 60 61 55
Philippines 46 46 56 55 57 50 53 50 51 62
Poland 38 37 36 33 32 27 32 33 33 30
Portugal 31 33 32 34 37 31 31 27 31 33
Qatar 28 28 28 31 30 37 35 37 45 45
Romania 49 54 47 46 49 48 47 45 47 53
Russia 40 42 40 38 43 28 24 24 22 26
PEER GROUPS RANKINGS Saudi Arabia - 36 42 39 34 - 39 40 39 46
Singapore 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 2
Slovak Republic 41 43 50 47 50 41 43 49 48 51
ASIA - PACIFIC (14 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries) Slovenia 36 34 34 32 31 26 26 26 27 29
South Africa 51 47 49 48 60 49 49 52 54 60
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Spain
Sweden
30
3
30
2
31
3
28
3
33
4
36
2
33
2
31
7
28
4
32
4
Switzerland 7 8 5 5 6 3 4 6 2 3
Taiwan, China 16 12 16 13 11 19 16 19 17 18
14
15 15 Thailand 39 41 39 40 39 42 44 44 43 43
10 10 10 10 10 16 16 Turkey 50 52 52 52 44 58 60 59 60 56
UAE 25 18 17 12 14 35 38 36 35 31
Ukraine 59 60 58 60 58 44 45 39 40 38
United Kingdom 12 11 10 15 13 11 10 10 14 13
USA 2 3 1 1 1 4 5 4 1 1
Venezuela 61 63 63 63 63 57 63 63 63 61
Page 2: Factors breakdown & Strengths and Weaknesses
This page shows the country’s performance over time for composing the World Digital Competitiveness Ranking
each of the nine sub-factors composing the three Digital and can thus be considered the digital competitive
Competitiveness Factors (Knowledge, Technology and advantages and disadvantages of the economy.
Future Readiness) and their 52 criteria rankings for
2020. The full criteria names can be found in the Appendix and
the statistical tables are available for subscribers of the
Factors Breakdown: shows the 5-years evolution of IMD World Competitiveness Online.
the sub-factors rankings composing the three factors of
Knowledge, Technology and Future Readiness. It is important to note that what constitutes a strength or
weakness is relative to each economy’s circumstances or
Strengths and Weaknesses: this section highlights the development. Also, the ranking position of a country may
economy’s strongest and weakest criteria included in the not necessarily improve or decline as a consequence
World Digital Competitiveness Ranking. The triangles of its own evolution since it is always relative to the
(►) identify the five top criteria in which the economy performance of the other economies. Therefore, an
ranks best (strengths – filled triangle) and the five criteria improvement may not be reflected by a higher ranking
in which its performance is the worst (weaknesses position if other economies have performed better for
– empty triangle) compared to the other countries the criterion in question. The same can be said for any
included in the WCY sample. The selection of indicators declines in performance – the economy’s ranking position
is determined by the standard deviation values (STD) relative to the others may or may not fall, depending on
of the country for that specific criteria. In other words, how the other economies have performed.
the criteria selected represent the highest STD values
and the lowest STD values among the 52 indicators
Factor Rankings - 5 years Overview

FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OVERALL Knowledge
THAILAND
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Argentina 55 57 55 59 59 53 56 58 58 50
u Overall top strengths Australia 14 15 13 14 15 16 18 15 15 17
Austria 19 16 15 20 17 12 12 13 10 11
w Overall top weaknesses Belgium 18 22 23 25 25 20 22 25 23 21
Brazil 54 55 57 57 51 54 55 62 59 57
Bulgaria 47 45 43 45 45 38 41 41 46 47
Canada 5 9 8 11 12 7 3 3 5 5
KNOWLEDGE Chile 37 40 37 42 41 51 52 47 50 49
China 35 31 30 22 16 24 23 30 18 8
Colombia 56 58 59 58 61 56 57 57 57 59
Croatia 44 48 44 51 52 45 50 43 42 41
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Cyprus - 53 54 54 40 - 46 55 55 40
Czech Republic 32 32 33 37 35 34 36 38 37 37
Talent 42 42 42 40 36 Denmark 8 5 4 4 3 8 8 8 6 6
Estonia 27 26 25 29 21 30 28 29 30 23
Training & education 44 47 44 50 55 Finland 6 4 7 7 10 9 9 9 9 15
France 22 25 26 24 24 21 19 20 20 20
Scientific concentration 41 43 45 35 37 Germany 15 17 18 17 18 10 13 14 12 12
Greece 45 50 53 53 46 46 51 51 53 48
Hong Kong SAR 11 7 11 8 5 6 6 5 7 7
Talent Rank Training & education Rank Scientific concentration Rank Hungary 42 44 46 43 47 43 48 48 44 44
Iceland 26 23 21 27 23 32 30 28 29 27
Educational assessment PISA - Math 48 Employee training 25 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 37 India 53 51 48 44 48 39 37 46 38 39
International experience 15 w Total public expenditure on education 58 Total R&D personnel per capita 40 Indonesia 60 59 62 56 56 60 58 61 56 63
Ireland 20 21 20 19 20 25 25 22 24 24
Foreign highly-skilled personnel 16 Higher education achievement 48 u Female researchers 6 Israel 13 13 12 16 19 5 7 2 8 9
Management of cities 27 w Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 54 R&D productivity by publication 31 Italy 34 39 41 41 42 40 42 42 41 42
Japan 23 27 22 23 27 23 29 18 25 22
Digital/Technological skills 45 Graduates in Sciences 16 w Scientific and technical employment 54 Jordan 48 56 45 50 53 59 61 56 49 54
Kazakhstan 43 38 38 35 36 47 40 35 32 34
Net flow of international students 35 Women with degrees 47 High-tech patent grants 47 Korea Rep. 17 19 14 10 8 15 14 11 11 10
Robots in Education and R&D 21 Latvia 33 35 35 36 38 33 34 34 36 36
Lithuania 29 29 29 30 29 18 21 23 26 25
Luxembourg 21 20 24 21 28 29 27 32 34 35
Malaysia 24 24 27 26 26 22 17 17 19 19
Mexico 52 49 51 49 54 52 54 54 52 52
Mongolia 57 61 61 62 62 55 59 53 62 58
TECHNOLOGY Netherlands 4 6 9 6 7 13 11 12 13 14
New Zealand 10 14 19 18 22 14 20 21 21 28
Norway 9 10 6 9 9 17 15 16 16 16
Peru 58 62 60 61 55 61 62 60 61 55
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Philippines

Poland
46
38
46
37
56
36
55
33
57
32
50
27
53
32
50
33
51
33
62
30
Regulatory framework 43 38 34 33 31 Portugal 31 33 32 34 37 31 31 27 31 33
Qatar 28 28 28 31 30 37 35 37 45 45
Capital 21 21 28 21 17 Romania 49 54 47 46 49 48 47 45 47 53
Russia 40 42 40 38 43 28 24 24 22 26
Technological framework 32 30 23 29 25 Saudi Arabia - 36 42 39 34 - 39 40 39 46
Singapore 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 2
Slovak Republic 41 43 50 47 50 41 43 49 48 51
Regulatory framework Rank Capital Rank Technological framework Rank
Sub-factor Rankings
Slovenia
South Africa
36
51
34
47
34
49
32
48
31
60
26
49
26
49
26
52
27
54
29
60
Starting a business 27 IT & media stock market capitalization 20 Communications technology 24 Spain 30 Knowledge
30 31 28 33
Technology 36Future
33 31 28
readiness 32
Sweden 3 2 3 3 4 2 2 7 4 4
Enforcing contracts 29 Funding for technological development 27 u Mobile Broadband subscribers 10
Switzerland 7 8 5 5 6 3 4 6 2 3
Immigration laws 23 u Banking and financial services 9 Wireless broadband 23 Taiwan, China 16 12 16 13 11 19 16 19 17 18
Adaptive attitudes
Thailand 39 41 39 40 39 42 44 44 43 43
Business agility
Development & application of tech. 32 Country credit rating 40 Internet users 54

IT integration
Turkey 50 52 52 52 44 58 60 59 60 56
Scientific research legislation 28 Venture capital 24 Internet bandwidth speed 20 UAE 25 18 17 12 14 35 38 36 35 31

Capital
Talent
Ukraine 59 60 58 60 58 44 45 39 40 38
Intellectual property rights 44 Investment in Telecommunications 14 u High-tech exports (%) 11 United Kingdom
Argentina
12
56
11
43 55
10
57
15
62
13
56
11
49
10
39
10
52
14 13
Argentina
USA 2 3 1 1 1 4 5 4 1 1
Venezuela 61 63 63 63 63 57 63 63 63 61
Austria 12 12 14 24 30 33 21 21 9 Austria
Belgium 20 31 21 19 21 29 24 35 26 Belgium
Brazil 62 61 27 52 58 50 39 41 48 Brazil
Bulgaria 48 50 42 55 48 39 41 40 47 Bulgaria
Canada 8 6 7 12 3 26 16 16 13 Canada
FUTURE READINESS Chile 37 49 58 33 40 44 22 54 40 Chile
China 13 40 2 18 31 32 17 4 35 China
Croatia 61 26 32 59 43 40 46 63 59 Croatia
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Cyprus

Czech Republic
57
26
30
46
35
31
47
45
52
27
52
28
28
34
42
27
29
36
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Adaptive attitudes 47 51 55 58 53 Denmark 4 9 15 4 23 6 2 5 1 Denmark
Estonia 31 3 47 30 29 17 18 26 22 Estonia
Business agility 34 32 34 30 44 Finland 11 20 12 13 6 10 10 22 2 Finland
France 25 36 13 9 20 19 36 36 21 France
IT integration 55 53 55 51 43 Germany 22 17 5 28 16 45 23 15 20 Germany
Greece 50 56 36 41 49 46 44 55 45 Greece
Adaptive attitudes Rank Business agility Rank IT integration Rank Hungary 44 45 44 39 46 24 62 59 41 Hungary
Iceland 33 15 46 15 35 16 25 19 27 Iceland
E-Participation 42 Opportunities and threats 38 E-Government 49 India 41 51 29 53 7 62 55 52 55 India
Internet retailing 49 u World robots distribution 11 Public-private partnerships 16 Ireland 19 35 25 14 45 30 12 9 25 Ireland
w Tablet possession 58 Agility of companies 36 Cyber security 34 Israel 28 1 3 32 26 36 26 29 14 Israel
Italy 42 58 22 48 54 43 42 23 39 Italy
Smartphone possession 47 Use of big data and analytics 35 w Software piracy 56 Japan 46 18 11 44 33 5 19 56 23 Japan
Jordan 40 33 63 42 38 53 61 37 57 Jordan
Attitudes toward globalization 12 Knowledge transfer 29 Kazakhstan 49 4 54 23 55 48 33 13 46 Kazakhstan
Entrepreneurial fear of failure 53 Korea Rep. 21 11 4 26 25 3 1 3 15 Korea Rep.
Latvia 27 27 49 37 50 13 51 45 37 Latvia
Mexico 45 57 43 50 53 54 52 50 53 Mexico
Mongolia 60 41 61 58 60 60 40 61 61 Mongolia
Norway 16 10 23 2 9 9 7 8 6 Norway
Peru 58 39 59 49 37 59 54 47 58 Peru
Poland 29 32 28 46 36 23 29 33 38 Poland
Qatar 15 53 60 29 19 31 27 17 28 Qatar
Romania 51 54 39 43 61 37 45 53 54 Romania
Russia 47 13 24 40 57 41 43 60 51 Russia
Saudi Arabia 34 34 62 25 5 47 37 28 24 Saudi Arabia
Singapore 1 7 10 1 11 1 20 11 3 Singapore
Slovak Republic 53 52 38 61 47 38 50 62 44 Slovak Republic
Slovenia 35 22 33 38 28 34 38 31 31 Slovenia
South Africa 59 60 53 56 32 57 59 58 50 South Africa
17
Spain 32 42 20 36 34 27 35 48 30 Spain
I M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 2 0
Sweden
Switzerland
9
2
2
14
6
9
5
10
4
14
11
14
8
9
10
6
4
7
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan, China 18 21 18 16 8 4 14 1 17 Taiwan, China
Thailand 36 55 37 31 17 25 53 44 43 Thailand
Turkey 38 62 45 34 51 51 32 20 42 Turkey
UAE 5 44 52 3 10 8 15 12 8 UAE
Ukraine 52 19 50 54 59 58 56 51 62 Ukraine
Trends in the IMD World Digital
Competitiveness Ranking, 2020
Arturo Bris Christos Cabolis
Director Chief Economist
José Caballero Marco Pistis

Senior Economist Research Specialist
Introduction
The IMD World Competitiveness Center is publishing In 2020, USA held the top position for the third consecutive
the fourth edition of the IMD World Digital Competitiveness year. Singapore held the 2nd spot, while Denmark overtook
Ranking (WDCR) that measures the capacity and readiness Sweden to claim 3rd place. Hong Kong climbed three ranks to
of 63 economies to adopt and explore digital technologies 5th, and Switzerland dropped one place to claim the 6th spot.
for economic and social transformation.
2020 has been a challenging year for the world. Every
WDCR relies on three factors: Knowledge, which aspect of our lives has been affected by COVID-19 and
captures the intangible infrastructure necessary for technology has been incorporated to address the pandemic
the learning and discovery dimensions of technology; in different dimensions from communication to monitoring,
Technology, which quantifies the landscape of developing assessing and, hopefully in the non-distant future, finding a
digital technologies; and Future Readiness, that examines cure for the virus.
the level of preparedness of an economy to assume its
digital transformation. For most countries the responses of our survey were
acquired during the first wave of COVID-19. To be clear, the
In this edition of the WDCR, we introduce one new variable questions we ask do not refer specifically to issues related
related to “Entrepreneurial fear of failure” as an additional to the pandemic. Still, if technology is the most important
criterion in the Business Agility sub-factor. The source of this tool in our battle against the pandemic, some of the trends
variable is the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). we identify have an added significance.
Figure 1:Changes in Digital competitiveness ranking between 2019 and 2020
Figure 2: Trends in Digital Competitiveness by region
For 2020, economies that top our ranking focus economies. The Republic of Korea, Denmark and the USA
on building their talent pool and thus strengthen the excel in the dimension of individual adaptive attitudes while
knowledge infrastructure necessary to develop and employ Taiwan-China, the USA, the Republic of Korea and China
digital technology with Singapore, Switzerland, and the capture the four highest places in the area of business
Netherlands holding the top three positions respectively. agility.
In addition, most leading economies in our ranking In the following sections, we review the main facts for the
provide an effective regulatory framework that enables the top ten economies, we identify the characteristics of the
development and introduction of technologies. Singapore, largest increases and declines, as well as the challenges
Norway, UAE and Denmark capture the top four places in for the bottom ten economies in our ranking. We begin by
this sub-factor. outlining the trends in digital competitiveness at the sub-
regional level.
Finally, top performers in digital competitiveness also
combine individual adaptability with business agility in their
Digital competitiveness regional trends: Overall ranking
The WDCR studies 63 economies most of which have a Figure 2 presents the sub-regional overall digital
high or middle level of income per capita. Figure 1 provides competitiveness ranking trend for the years 2016 to 2020.
a visualization of the changes in the ranking between 2019 Only Eastern Asia and South America regions achieved an
and 2020. Of the economies in the study, 29, experienced increase in their digital competitiveness rankings between
a decline in the ranking. From the remaining, 23 advanced, 2019 and 2020; the other sub-regions remained stable or
while 11 remained in the position as last year. experienced a decline in their overall average positions.
The largest improvements in the ranking compared to Eastern Asia tops the regional rankings, steadily
2019 have been experienced by Cyprus, Estonia, Turkey, increasing since 2016 from an average ranking position
Greece, Brazil and China. The largest declines have of about 20th to about 15th in 2019 finally reaching an
affected instead South Africa, Luxembourg, Russia, Mexico average of 13.4 in 2020. Western Europe remains stable
and Spain. Below, we discuss these trends in more details. at about 21st in 2020 but becomes the second most digital
competitive region because of a small decline experienced
Figure 3: Digital competitiveness factors performance across regions in 2020
worse
>
<
better
by North America (which drops from an average position shows a slight improvement this year increasing its average
of about 20th over the past four years to 22.3 in 2020). position from 56th in 2019 to an average ranking of 55th in
Southern Asia and the Pacific and Western Asia and Africa 2020.
regions saw a decline in the 2019-2020 period reaching the
33rd and the 36th positions respectively. In terms of the digital competitiveness factors (Figure
3), regional rankings are fairly similar to the overall digital
The performance of Eastern European countries is stable competitiveness scores. However, a noticeable difference
in 2020 around an average 40th position. Ex-Cis and Central is present in the knowledge factor where North America
Asia economies declined from about 45th to 47th during and Ex-CIS and Central Asia economies perform better
the same period. Conversely, the South American region compared to the general score.
Top 10
The top 10 economies remain the same as last Denmark exceeds in the future readiness factor. In
year. The USA continues to lead the IMD World Digital the latter, it ranks 1st in IT integration, 2nd in adaptive
Competitiveness Ranking for the third consecutive attitudes and 5th in business agility. At the indicator level,
year. Likewise, Singapore remains in the 2nd spot. While Denmark ranks 1st in attitudes toward globalization and
Denmark overtakes Sweden moving up one place (3rd e-government, and 3rd in the effectives of companies’
and 4th respectively), Hong Kong SAR rises three ranks response to opportunities and threats, and in knowledge
to 5th. Switzerland drops to 6th (from 5th) and similarly the transfer between companies and universities.
Netherlands declines to 7th (from 6th). Korea Rep. moves up
to 8th (from 10th), Norway remains at 9th and Finland rounds At the factor level, Sweden reaches its highest ranking in
up the top 10 dropping 3 places from 7th. knowledge which is driven by its performance in training and
education (2nd). Among the indicators, Sweden ranks the
The USA’s performance is largely driven by the highest in the development and application of technology
knowledge and future readiness factors. More specifically, and in country credit rating (1st in both), and it reaches the
it is sustained by factors related to scientific concentration 2nd spot in the availability of digital/technological skills and
(e.g., percentage of scientific and technical employment in attitudes toward globalization.
and the use of robots in education and R&D), capital (e.g.,
availability of venture capital), adaptive attitudes (e.g., Hong Kong’s improvement in the overall digital
e-participation) and business agility (e.g., world robots competitiveness ranking is mainly the result of its
distribution or the percentage share of world robots). performance in the technology factor and to a lesser extent
in knowledge. In the former, Hong Kong ranks highest in the
Singapore achievements comes mainly on the back of technological framework (2nd), and in the latter, in talent (7th).
its performance in the knowledge and technology factors. Its strengths include high-tech exports (as a percentage of
Particularly, Singapore tops the rankings in talent, and in manufactured exports) and the private sector’s response to
the regulatory and technological frameworks. In training and opportunities and threats ranking 1st in both, graduates in
education, employee training rises from the 28th place to the sciences (2nd) and high-tech patent grants (2nd).
16th. In addition, in scientific concentration, the scientific and
technical employment indicator shows improvement.
The slight drop experienced by Switzerland this year is factors. In the talent factor, its performance slumps in the
the result of declines in both the knowledge and technology management of cities, the availability of digital/technological
factors. In knowledge, the most significant change is in skills, and total public expenditure on education. Within
scientific concentration in which Switzerland moves down the technology factor, the Netherlands sees a decline
from 7th to 9th, mainly as a result of a somewhat stagnant in the effectiveness of immigration laws (whether or not
performance in the percentage of female researchers they prevent companies from employing foreign labor)
indicator (34th) and R&D productivity by publication (38th). and the efficiency of the banking and financial services.
In technology, Switzerland drops in the technological Under the future readiness factor, e-participation, the
framework from 9th in 2019 to 14th which results from a agility of companies and their use of big data and analytics
significant drop in high-tech exports. experience a downturn.
The Netherlands sees a slight decline in the overall digital Conversely, Korea improves across all factors. Its
competitiveness ranking as a result of drops across all strongest performance comes in the future readiness
Figure 4: Digital competitiveness ranking 2020 Top 10

Overall Knowledge Technology Future
Rank Readiness
1 USA 1 7 2
2 Singapore 2 1 12
3 Denmark 6 9 1
4 Sweden 4 6 7
5 Hong Kong SAR 7 2 10
6 Switzerland 3 11 5
7 Netherlands 14 8 4
8 Korea Rep. 10 12 3
9 Norway 16 3 6
10 Finland 15 10 9
factor (3rd), specifically in the adaptive attitudes (1st) and number of internet users (per 1000 people, 2nd) and tablet
business agility (3rd) sub-factors. In adaptive attitudes, it and smartphone possession (3rd and 4th, respectively).
ranks 1st in e-participation and internet retailing. In business
agility, Korea benefits from a positive turn in executives’ Finland remains in the top 10 despite declining in several
perceptions particularly in terms of how enterprises manage aspects including graduates in sciences, the effectiveness
opportunities and threats, the agility of companies and their of immigration laws, IT & media stock market capitalization,
use of big data and analytics. e-participation and internet retailing. Nevertheless, Finland
improves in the business agility sub-factor (from 27th to 22nd)
Norway’s strengths are mainly in the technology factor as a result of gains in executives’ perceptions about how
(3rd). Under the regulatory framework sub-factor in which companies react to opportunities and threats, and their use
it ranks 2nd, Norway performs well in the enforcement of of big data and analytics.
contracts (3rd) and in the effectiveness of immigration laws
(7th). Other strengths include country credit rating (joint 1st),
Largest Improvements
Cyprus experiences the largest increase (from 54th to 40th) Greece ranks 46th (up from 53rd) in the overall ranking.
in this year’s overall digital competitiveness ranking. This is Within the technology factor (up to 43rd from 54th), Greece
the results of improvements across all factors increasing from performs well in the regulatory framework sub-factor rising to
55th to 40th in knowledge, 59th to 52nd in technology and 40th to 41st (from 52nd). Such a boost comes from improvements in,
29th in future readiness. The key drivers of such boost include for example, the starting business indicator, in which Greece
increases in high-tech patent grants (percentage of all patents advances from 26th to 6th. In the future readiness factor (46th,
granted), investment in telecommunications (percentage up from 53rd), Greece advances in business agility (from 60th
of GDP), e-participation and e-government. Cyprus also to 55th) and IT integration (from 50th to 45th).
benefits from a favourable turn in executive perceptions.
Brazil improves from the 57th place to 51st rising from
In the overall ranking, Turkey moves from the 52 place nd
near the bottom of the ranking. To different degrees,
to 44th. The move originates mainly from improvements in Brazil’s performance in scientific concentration, regulatory
future readiness particularly in adaptive attitudes (e.g., rise framework, capital and business agility improves.
from 35th to 22nd in e-participation) and business agility (e.g., Specifically, business agility shows advancement in most
moves from 58th to 42nd in the private sector’s use of big data of its components including knowledge transfer between
and analytics). private sector and universities (59th to 54th) and in the agility
of companies (57th to 39th).
Estonia’s improves from the 29th spot to the 21st which
represents its highest position since the inception of the In the overall digital competitiveness ranking, China
digital competitiveness ranking. Estonia performs well in advances from the 22nd spot to the 16th. This improvement is
knowledge (from 30th to 23rd) and future readiness (from 30th driven by boost in talent (19th to 13th), scientific concentration
to 20th). The boost in the knowledge factor is largely the result (9th to 2nd) and adaptive attitudes (24th to 17th). In particular,
of an advancement in talent (from 37th to 31st) and training China advances in measures of scientific and technical
and education (from 10th to 3rd). Estonia’s performance in employment, high-tech patent grants, IT & media stock
future readiness improves in adaptive attitudes (from 26th to market capitalization, e-participation and e-government.
18th) and business agility (from 43rd to 26th).
Largest Delines
South Africa drops from the 48th spot to the 60th which performance in measures related to e-participation,
represents the largest decline in the overall ranking. To business’ response to opportunities and threats, limited use
different degrees, South Africa underperforms in all digital of big data and analytics by the private sector, e-government,
factors with the steepest decline in future readiness from and public and private sector ventures (whether they support
44th to 57th. At the sub-factor level, it also declines in all technological development).
but one with the talent (49th to 59th) and business agility
(from 40th to 58th) sub-factors displaying the largest drop. In Spain declines to 33rd (down from 28th) largely as a result
terms of talent, the decline is mainly due to limited access of a downturn on several measures of future readiness.
to foreign highly-skilled personnel and availability of digital/ These include e-participation, tablet and smartphone
technological skills. Business agility suffers, for example, possession, knowledge transfer and cyber security.
from an ineffective private sector response to opportunities Similarly, Russia drops to 43rd (from 38th) mainly from a dip
and threats, and its limited use of big data and analytics. in the future readiness sub-factor. This is particularly so in
terms of business agility (e.g., private sector’s management
Luxembourg slumps from the 21st place to the 28th in the of opportunities and threats) and IT integration (e.g.,
overall ranking. It sees a downturn in all digital factors with e-government and public-private partnerships).
the largest decline in future readiness (17th to 27th). The latter
decrease results from the deterioration in Luxembourg’s
Bottom 10
Mexico drops to the bottom 10 of the overall ranking Indonesia remains in 56th despite improving in the future
declining from the 49th spot to the 54th. The downturn comes readiness factor, particularly in e-participation (58th to 45th)
as measures of graduates in sciences, effectiveness of and internet retailing (58th to 50th). Such an improvement is
immigration laws, investment in telecommunications and counterbalanced by a drop in the technology factor in which
e-participation experience a decrease. the efficiency of the banking and financial services, the level
of investment in telecommunication and wireless broadband
Despite moving up from the 61st to the 55th spot, Peru (penetration rate, per 100 people) show a steep decline.
remains in the bottom of the overall ranking. Peru shows
a strong improvement in capital (45th to 37th) and business The Philippines slightly falls from 55th to 57th. The
agility (59th to 47th) but remains somewhat stagnant in, for decline reflects the weakening of the talent and training
example, talent (58th), scientific concentration (59th) and and education sub-factors. The deterioration of these sub-
technological framework (59th). In addition, Peru experiences factors is mainly driven by decreases in the availability of
a decline in adaptive attitudes (49th to 54th) mainly as a result internationally experienced senior managers, attracting
of a drop in e-participation. foreign highly-skilled personnel and employee training.
Figure 5: Digital competitiveness ranking 2020 Bottom 10
Overall Knowledge Technology Future
Rank Readiness
54 Mexico 52 56 52
55 Peru 55 58 55
56 Indonesia 63 54 48
57 Philippines 62 53 54
58 Ukraine 38 59 61
59 Argentina 50 62 47
60 South Africa 60 55 57
61 Colombia 59 61 50
62 Mongolia 58 60 59
63 Venezuela 61 63 63
Ukraine improves, moving up two spots from 60th to Despite strong advancements in business agility,
58th, which is driven by gains in talent, particularly in the Colombia drops from 58th place to 61st. The decline
availability of digital/technological skills (40th to 27th), originates largely in a downturn in the technological
e-participation (53rd to 39th) and agility of companies (47th framework and adaptive attitudes sub-factors. In addition,
to 33rd). Colombia experiences stagnation in several other aspects
including talent, training and education, regulatory
Argentina remains in the 59th spot. It experiences some framework and capital.
improvements in the future readiness factor, especially in
adaptive attitudes (57th to 49th) and business agility (48th to Mongolia remains in the 62nd place and Venezuela in the
39th). However, Argentina declines in talent (51st to 56th), 63rd of the overall digital competitiveness ranking.
scientific concentration (50th to 55th), regulatory framework
(49th to 57th) and capital (51st to 62nd).
As discussed previously, South Africa ranks 60th (down

from 48th) which represents the largest decline in this year’s
overall digital competitiveness ranking.
Concluding Remarks
The Digital technologies remain at the core of Furthermore, the flexibility and adaptability of not only
strengthening the competitiveness of an economy. In enterprises but of individuals sustain the digital progress
particular, the role of knowledge generation and talent of countries. This is particularly so in the current pandemic
development in combination with effective regulation and context in which flexibility and adaptability to upcoming
infrastructure, continue to drive digital competitiveness. digital technologies will enable societies to overcome the
crisis.
Appendices
Figure 6: Digital competitiveness ranking 2019 and 2020
Country / Country
Economy / Economy
2020 Change
2020 2019
Change 2019 Country / Country
Economy 2020
/ Economy Change
2020 2019
Change 2019
USA USA 1 ▬ (0)
1 ▬ (0) 1 1 Spain Spain 33 ▼ 33
(-5) ▼ (-5)28 28
SingaporeSingapore 2 ▬ (0)
2 ▬ (0) 2 2 Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia 34 ▲ 34
(+5) ▲ (+5) 39 39
Denmark Denmark 3 ▲ (+1)
3 ▲ (+1)4 4 Czech Republic
Czech Republic 35 ▲ 35
(+2) ▲ (+2) 37 37
Sweden Sweden 4 ▼ (-1)
4 ▼ (-1)3 3 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 36 ▼ 36
(-1) ▼ (-1)35 35
Hong Kong SARKong SAR 5
Hong ▲ (+3)
5 ▲ (+3)8 8 Portugal Portugal 37 ▼ 37
(-3) ▼ (-3)34 34
Switzerland
Switzerland 6 ▼ (-1)
6 ▼ (-1)5 5 Latvia Latvia 38 ▼ 38
(-2) ▼ (-2)36 36
Netherlands
Netherlands 7 ▼ (-1)
7 ▼ (-1)6 6 Thailand Thailand 39 ▲ 39
(+1) ▲ (+1) 40 40
Korea Rep.Korea Rep. 8 ▲ (+2)
8 ▲ (+2)10 10 Cyprus Cyprus 40 ▲ 40
(+14) ▲ (+14)
54 54
Norway Norway 9 ▬ (0)
9 ▬ (0) 9 9 Chile Chile 41 ▲ 41
(+1) ▲ (+1) 42 42
Finland Finland 10 ▼ 10
(-3) ▼ (-3)7 7 Italy Italy 42 ▼ 42
(-1) ▼ (-1)41 41
Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China 11 ▲ 11
(+2) ▲ (+2)13 13 Russia Russia 43 ▼ 43
(-5) ▼ (-5)38 38
Canada Canada 12 ▼ 12
(-1) ▼ (-1)11 11 Turkey Turkey 44 ▲ 44
(+8) ▲ (+8) 52 52
United Kingdom
United Kingdom 13 ▲ 13
(+2) ▲ (+2)15 15 Bulgaria Bulgaria 45 ▬ 45
(0) ▬ (0) 45 45
UAE UAE 14 ▼ 14
(-2) ▼ (-2)12 12 Greece Greece 46 ▲ 46
(+7) ▲ (+7) 53 53
Australia Australia 15 ▼ 15
(-1) ▼ (-1)14 14 Hungary Hungary 47 ▼ 47
(-4) ▼ (-4)43 43
China China 16 ▲ 16
(+6) ▲ (+6)22 22 India India 48 ▼ 48
(-4) ▼ (-4)44 44
Austria Austria 17 ▲ 17
(+3) ▲ (+3)20 20 Romania Romania 49 ▼ 49
(-3) ▼ (-3)46 46
Germany Germany 18 ▼ 18
(-1) ▼ (-1)17 17 Slovak Republic
Slovak Republic 50 ▼ 50
(-3) ▼ (-3)47 47
Israel Israel 19 ▼ 19
(-3) ▼ (-3)16 16 Brazil Brazil 51 ▲ 51
(+6) ▲ (+6) 57 57
Ireland Ireland 20 ▼ 20
(-1) ▼ (-1)19 19 Croatia Croatia 52 ▼ 52
(-1) ▼ (-1)51 51
Estonia Estonia 21 ▲ 21
(+8) ▲ (+8)29 29 Jordan Jordan 53 ▼ 53
(-3) ▼ (-3)50 50
New Zealand
New Zealand 22 ▼ 22
(-4) ▼ (-4)18 18 Mexico Mexico 54 ▼ 54
(-5) ▼ (-5)49 49
Iceland Iceland 23 ▲ 23
(+4) ▲ (+4)27 27 Peru Peru 55 ▲ 55
(+6) ▲ (+6) 61 61
France France 24 ▬ 24
(0) ▬ (0) 24 24 Indonesia Indonesia 56 ▬ 56
(0) ▬ (0) 56 56
Belgium Belgium 25 ▬ 25
(0) ▬ (0) 25 25 PhilippinesPhilippines 57 ▼ 57
(-2) ▼ (-2)55 55
Malaysia Malaysia 26 ▬ 26
(0) ▬ (0) 26 26 Ukraine Ukraine 58 ▲ 58
(+2) ▲ (+2) 60 60
Japan Japan 27 ▼ 27
(-4) ▼ (-4)23 23 Argentina Argentina 59 ▬ 59
(0) ▬ (0) 59 59
LuxembourgLuxembourg 28 ▼ 28
(-7) ▼ (-7)21 21 South Africa
South Africa 60 ▼ 60
(-12) ▼ (-12)
48 48
Lithuania Lithuania 29 ▲ 29
(+1) ▲ (+1)30 30 Colombia Colombia 61 ▼ 61
(-3) ▼ (-3)58 58
Qatar Qatar 30 ▲ 30
(+1) ▲ (+1)31 31 Mongolia Mongolia 62 ▬ 62
(0) ▬ (0) 62 62
Slovenia Slovenia 31 ▲ 31
(+1) ▲ (+1)32 32 VenezuelaVenezuela 63 ▬ 63
(0) ▬ (0) 63 63
Poland Poland 32 ▲ 32
(+1) ▲ (+1)33 33
Figure 7: Digital competitiveness ranking 2018, 2019 and 2020
1 63 Digital 2020
59 15
13 17
58 63 Digital 2019
59 25
14 1 14 51
15 20
44 60 25 45
12 1 63 Digital 2018
55
13 57
39 10 15 12
52 58 23 45
11 40 17 57 11 41
52 43
6 13 42 16
39 8
4
3
5
5
16
IMD WORLD 37
30
22
58
61
33 52
DIGITAL
28 3 59 51
60 31 44 40
48 54
31 49 54
50
32
34 COMPETITIVENESS 33
37
35
3
47 4
2 2
50
2
RANKING 4
25 29 21
34 39 42 7 7 10
38 40 26
43 24 24
47 18
46 17
49 28 53 18
31 53
30 32 11 46
34 36 8
46
37 5
33 56 21 43
32 55 60 48 27 47
6 62
57 61 44 23
19 20
55 9 9 12 56
61 41 48
18 51 22 19
9 6 27 24 45 16 56
29 35 14 38
22 62 41 20
49 23
7 26 21 50 19
62 30 36 10 35 42
54 27
26 28
29 38 8 36 53
Latvia
Figure 8: Composition of sub-regions and regions
 Austria  Italy
 Belgium  Luxembourg
 Cyprus  Netherlands
 Denmark  Norway
 Finland  Portugal
Western Europe
 France  Spain
 Germany  Sweden
 Greece  Switzerland
 Iceland  United Kingdom
 Ireland Europe,
 Bulgaria  Latvia Middle East &
 Czech Republic  Poland Africa
 Estonia  Romania
Eastern Europe
 Croatia  Slovenia
 Hungary  Slovak Republic
 Lithuania  Ukraine
 Israel  South Africa
Western Asia &  Jordan  Turkey
Africa  Qatar  UAE
 Saudi Arabia
Ex-CIS &  Kazakhstan  Russia
Central Asia  Mongolia
 China Mainland  Korea Rep.
Eastern Asia  Hong Kong SAR  Taiwan
 Japan Asia &
 Australia  New Zealand Pacific
Southern Asia &  India  Philippines
The Pacific  Indonesia  Singapore
 Malaysia  Thailand
 Canada  USA
North America
 Mexico
 Argentina  Colombia The Americas
South America  Brazil  Peru
 Chile  Venezuela
IMD WORLD DIGITAL
COMPETITIVENESS
RANKING 2020
The statistical tables are available for subscribers of the

IMD World Competitiveness Online.
Visit our eShop
T h e 2 0 2 0 I M D Wo r l d D i g i t a l
DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS RANKING (Ranks 1 - 30)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100.000 (1) USA 1
98.052 (2) Singapore 2
96.013 (4) Denmark 3
95.146 (3) Sweden 4
94.451 (8) Hong Kong SAR 5
93.693 (5) Switzerland 6
92.252 (10) Korea Rep. 8
92.170 (9) Norway 9
91.130 (7) Finland 10
90.772 (13) Taiwan, China 11
90.482 (11) Canada 12
86.314 (15) United Kingdom 13
85.970 (12) UAE 14
85.472 (14) Australia 15
84.105 (22) China 16
83.127 (20) Austria 17
81.062 (17) Germany 18
80.723 (16) Israel 19
79.232 (19) Ireland 20
78.030 (29) Estonia 21
77.690 (18) New Zealand 22
77.091 (27) Iceland 23
76.983 (24) France 24
76.977 (25) Belgium 25
75.985 (26) Malaysia 26
75.099 (23) Japan 27
73.269 (21) Luxembourg 28
72.932 (30) Lithuania 29
71.619 (31) Qatar 30
(2019 rankings are in parentheses)
Competitiveness Ranking
DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS RANKING (Ranks 31 - 63)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
69.475 (32) Slovenia 31
69.233 (33) Poland 32
68.985 (28) Spain 33
67.910 (39) Saudi Arabia 34
66.511 (34) Portugal 37
65.502 (36) Latvia 38
64.265 (40) Thailand 39
61.664 (54) Cyprus 40
61.518 (42) Chile 41
60.911 (41) Italy 42
59.950 (38) Russia 43
59.823 (52) Turkey 44
56.295 (45) Bulgaria 45
56.209 (53) Greece 46
55.914 (43) Hungary 47
54.836 (44) India 48
53.668 (46) Romania 49
53.261 (47) Slovak Republic 50
52.095 (57) Brazil 51
52.045 (51) Croatia 52
51.844 (50) Jordan 53
51.509 (49) Mexico 54 The IMD Digital World Competitiveness

Ranking presents the 2020 overall ranking
50.120 (61) Peru 55 for the 63 economies covered by the
50.075 (56) Indonesia 56
Center. The economies are ranked
from the most to the least competitive
50.031 (55) Philippines 57 and the results from the previous year’s
ranking (2019) are shown in brackets.
48.807 (60) Ukraine 58 The Scores shown to the left are actually
indices (0 to 100) generated for the
48.784 (59) Argentina 59
unique purpose of constructing charts
48.353 (48) South Africa 60 and graphics.
46.450 (58) Colombia 61
43.681 (62) Mongolia 62
23.991 (63) Venezuela 63
Methodology in a Nutshell
1. The IMD World Digital Competitiveness (WDC) ranking analyzes and ranks the extent to which countries adopt
and explore digital technologies leading to transformation in government practices, business models and society
in general.
2. As in the case of the IMD World Competitiveness ranking, we assume that digital transformation takes place
primarily at enterprise level (whether private or state-owned) but it also occurs at the government and society
levels.
3. Based on our research, the methodology of the WDC ranking defines digital competitiveness into three main
factors:
- Knowledge
- Technology
- Future readiness
4. In turn, each of these factors is divided into 3 sub-factors which highlight every facet of the areas analyzed.
Altogether, the WDC features 9 such sub-factors.
5. These 9 sub-factors comprise 52 criteria, although each sub-factor does not necessarily have the same number
of criteria (for example, it takes more criteria to assess Training and Education than to evaluate IT integration).
6. Each sub-factor, independently of the number of criteria it contains, has the same weight in the overall
consolidation of results, that is approximately 11.1% (100 ÷ 9 ~ 11.1).
7. Criteria can be hard data, which analyze digital competitiveness as it can be measured (e.g. Internet bandwidth
speed) or soft data, which analyze competitiveness as it can be perceived (e.g. Agility of companies). Hard
criteria represent a weight of 2/3 in the overall ranking whereas the survey data represent a weight of 1/3.
8. The 52 criteria include 19 new indicators which are only used in the assessment of the WDC ranking. The rest of
the indicators are shared with the IMD World Competitiveness Ranking.
9. In addition, two criteria are for background information only, which means that they are not used in calculating
the overall competitiveness ranking (i.e., Population and GDP).
10. Finally, aggregating the results of the 9 sub-factors makes the total consolidation, which leads to the overall
ranking of the WDC.
W h a t i s t h e I M D Wo r l d D i g i t a l
Competitiveness ranking?
Digital Competitiveness Factors and Sub-factors
FA C T O R S
Knowledge Technology Future Readiness
Know-how necessary to Overall context that enables Level of country preparedness to

discover, understand and build the development of digital exploit digital transformation.
new technologies. technologies.
S U B - FA CTO R S
Talent Regulatory Framework Adaptive Attitudes
Training and Education Capital Business Agility
Scientific Concentration Technological Framework IT Integration
Computing the Rankings
Hard Data Survey Data

Statistics from international International panel of experts
regional and national sources Executive Opinion Survey
32 Criteria 20 Criteria
Compute STD Values

Individually, for all criteria used
in the rankings
52 Criteria
Criteria Rankings Factor Rankings Overall Rankings

Each of the 52 criteria is Knowledge, Technology, Aggregates the STD values for
individually ranked for the Future Readiness all the 52 ranked criteria
countries
T h e 2 0 2 0 I M D Wo r l d D i g i t a l
Competitiveness Rankings :
S e le c t e d B re a k d o w n s
Populations greater than 20 million
Populations greater than 20 million
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100.000 USA 1
92.252 Korea Rep. 2
90.772 Taiwan, China 3
90.482 Canada 4
86.314 United Kingdom 5
85.472 Australia 6
84.105 China 7
81.062 Germany 8
76.983 France 9
75.985 Malaysia 10
75.099 Japan 11
69.233 Poland 12
68.985 Spain 13
67.910 Saudi Arabia 14
64.265 Thailand 15
60.911 Italy 16
59.950 Russia 17
59.823 Turkey 18
54.836 India 19
52.095 Brazil 20
51.509 Mexico 21
50.120 Peru 22
50.075 Indonesia 23
50.031 Philippines 24
48.807 Ukraine 25
48.784 Argentina 26
48.353 South Africa 27
46.450 Colombia 28
23.991 Venezuela 29
Populations less than 20 million
Populations less than 20 million
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
98.052 Singapore 1
96.013 Denmark 2
95.146 Sweden 3
94.451 Hong Kong SAR 4
93.693 Switzerland 5
92.567 Netherlands 6
92.170 Norway 7
91.130 Finland 8
85.970 UAE 9
83.127 Austria 10
80.723 Israel 11
79.232 Ireland 12
78.030 Estonia 13
77.690 New Zealand 14
77.091 Iceland 15
76.977 Belgium 16
73.269 Luxembourg 17
72.932 Lithuania 18
71.619 Qatar 19
69.475 Slovenia 20
67.459 Czech Republic 21
66.524 Kazakhstan 22
66.511 Portugal 23
65.502 Latvia 24
61.664 Cyprus 25
61.518 Chile 26
56.295 Bulgaria 27
56.209 Greece 28
55.914 Hungary 29
53.668 Romania 30
53.261 Slovak Republic 31
52.045 Croatia 32
51.844 Jordan 33
43.681 Mongolia 34
GDP per capita greater than $20,000
GDP per capita greater than $20,000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100.000 USA 1
98.052 Singapore 2
96.013 Denmark 3
95.146 Sweden 4
92.252 Korea Rep. 8
92.170 Norway 9
91.130 Finland 10
90.482 Canada 12
85.970 UAE 14
85.472 Australia 15
83.127 Austria 16
81.062 Germany 17
80.723 Israel 18
79.232 Ireland 19
78.030 Estonia 20
77.091 Iceland 22
76.983 France 23
76.977 Belgium 24
75.099 Japan 25
71.619 Qatar 27
69.475 Slovenia 28
68.985 Spain 29
66.511 Portugal 32
61.664 Cyprus 33
60.911 Italy 34
GDP per capita less than $20,000
GDP per capita less than $20,000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
84.105 China 1
75.985 Malaysia 2
72.932 Lithuania 3
69.233 Poland 4
66.524 Kazakhstan 5
65.502 Latvia 6
64.265 Thailand 7
61.518 Chile 8
59.950 Russia 9
59.823 Turkey 10
56.295 Bulgaria 11
56.209 Greece 12
55.914 Hungary 13
54.836 India 14
53.668 Romania 15
52.095 Brazil 17
52.045 Croatia 18
51.844 Jordan 19
51.509 Mexico 20
50.120 Peru 21
50.075 Indonesia 22
48.807 Ukraine 24
48.784 Argentina 25
46.450 Colombia 27
43.681 Mongolia 28
23.991 Venezuela 29
Europe - Middle East - Africa
Europe - Middle East - Africa
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
96.013 Denmark 1
95.146 Sweden 2
92.170 Norway 5
91.130 Finland 6
85.970 UAE 8
83.127 Austria 9
81.062 Germany 10
80.723 Israel 11
79.232 Ireland 12
78.030 Estonia 13
77.091 Iceland 14
76.983 France 15
76.977 Belgium 16
72.932 Lithuania 18
71.619 Qatar 19
69.475 Slovenia 20
69.233 Poland 21
68.985 Spain 22
66.524 Kazakhstan 25
66.511 Portugal 26
65.502 Latvia 27
61.664 Cyprus 28
60.911 Italy 29
59.950 Russia 30
59.823 Turkey 31
56.295 Bulgaria 32
56.209 Greece 33
55.914 Hungary 34
53.668 Romania 35
52.045 Croatia 37
51.844 Jordan 38
48.807 Ukraine 39
Asia - Pacific
Asia - Pacific
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
98.052 Singapore 1
92.252 Korea Rep. 3
85.472 Australia 5
84.105 China 6
75.985 Malaysia 8
75.099 Japan 9
64.265 Thailand 10
54.836 India 11
50.075 Indonesia 12
43.681 Mongolia 14
The Americas
The Americas
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100.000 USA 1
90.482 Canada 2
61.518 Chile 3
52.095 Brazil 4
51.509 Mexico 5
50.120 Peru 6
48.784 Argentina 7
46.450 Colombia 8
23.991 Venezuela 9
Knowledge
KNOWLEDGE
Know-how necessary to discover, understand and build new technologies
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
97.922 (1) USA 1
89.199 (4) Sweden 4
88.825 (5) Canada 5
86.145 (6) Denmark 6
85.105 (18) China 8
84.485 (8) Israel 9
82.499 (11) Korea Rep. 10
81.821 (10) Austria 11
81.028 (12) Germany 12
80.438 (9) Finland 15
78.196 (16) Norway 16
77.848 (15) Australia 17
76.335 (17) Taiwan, China 18
73.636 (19) Malaysia 19
71.021 (20) France 20
70.902 (23) Belgium 21
70.092 (25) Japan 22
69.565 (30) Estonia 23
68.812 (24) Ireland 24
68.773 (26) Lithuania 25
67.891 (22) Russia 26
66.615 (29) Iceland 27
66.603 (21) New Zealand 28
66.239 (27) Slovenia 29
66.083 (33) Poland 30
66.003 (35) UAE 31
65.852 (28) Spain 32
64.937 (31) Portugal 33
62.488 (36) Latvia 36
58.381 (40) Ukraine 38
56.231 (38) India 39
55.703 (55) Cyprus 40
55.374 (42) Croatia 41
54.920 (41) Italy 42
54.193 (43) Thailand 43
53.634 (44) Hungary 44
53.559 (45) Qatar 45
50.023 (46) Bulgaria 47
49.780 (53) Greece 48
49.501 (50) Chile 49
49.097 (58) Argentina 50
48.874 (52) Mexico 52
48.839 (47) Romania 53
48.636 (49) Jordan 54
46.924 (61) Peru 55
46.294 (60) Turkey 56
44.349 (59) Brazil 57
44.127 (62) Mongolia 58
43.754 (57) Colombia 59
43.055 (54) South Africa 60
42.757 (63) Venezuela 61
42.557 (51) Philippines 62
41.260 (56) Indonesia 63
Technology
TECHNOLOGY
Overall context that enables the development of digital technologies
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
89.874 (3) Norway 3
89.038 (2) UAE 4
88.675 (9) Taiwan, China 5
88.348 (7) Sweden 6
87.927 (5) USA 7
86.394 (11) Denmark 9
86.270 (8) Finland 10
82.634 (17) Korea Rep. 12
82.050 (13) Canada 13
81.766 (14) Australia 14
80.046 (16) France 15
75.946 (15) New Zealand 18
75.034 (21) Belgium 19
74.771 (19) Malaysia 20
74.461 (20) Iceland 21
73.168 (27) Thailand 22
72.565 (22) Estonia 23
71.890 (33) Qatar 25
71.773 (24) Japan 26
71.706 (26) China 27
70.113 (32) Austria 28
69.800 (25) Lithuania 29
68.134 (28) Ireland 30
67.851 (31) Germany 31
67.506 (30) Israel 32
66.800 (29) Spain 33
66.191 (23) Latvia 34
65.610 (35) Slovenia 35
63.190 (37) Poland 37
62.861 (38) Portugal 38
62.334 (36) Hungary 39
60.318 (41) Chile 40
54.402 (48) Turkey 42
53.990 (54) Greece 43
52.234 (53) Jordan 44
51.906 (42) Bulgaria 45
51.828 (46) Italy 46
51.653 (43) Russia 47
50.593 (45) Romania 48
50.344 (50) Croatia 49
49.982 (49) India 50
48.576 (59) Cyprus 52
46.772 (47) Indonesia 54
45.179 (52) Mexico 56
44.818 (57) Brazil 57
44.739 (58) Peru 58
37.215 (61) Ukraine 59
34.397 (62) Mongolia 60
34.083 (60) Colombia 61
33.072 (56) Argentina 62
0.00 (63) Venezuela 63
Future Readiness
FUTURE READINESS
Level of country preparedness to exploit digital transformation
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100.000 (2) Denmark 1
98.652 (1) USA 2
96.124 (4) Korea Rep. 3
92.943 (8) Norway 6
92.393 (6) Sweden 7
91.808 (12) Taiwan, China 8
91.184 (7) Finland 9
87.872 (15) Hong Kong SAR 10
87.371 (9) UAE 11
87.123 (11) Singapore 12
85.252 (5) Ireland 14
85.073 (18) Canada 15
81.948 (23) Austria 16
81.302 (14) Australia 17
80.004 (21) China 18
78.809 (16) Germany 19
76.461 (30) Estonia 20
75.023 (20) New Zealand 21
74.700 (26) Iceland 22
74.679 (19) Israel 23
73.910 (22) Qatar 24
69.495 (25) Belgium 25
67.932 (24) Japan 26
65.216 (40) Cyprus 29
64.725 (32) Lithuania 30
64.384 (29) France 31
64.048 (28) Malaysia 32
63.274 (41) Turkey 34
62.927 (33) Poland 35
61.078 (36) Slovenia 37
60.486 (31) Italy 38
59.236 (37) Chile 39
58.805 (27) Spain 40
56.238 (34) Portugal 41
52.328 (45) Latvia 42
51.618 (43) Brazil 43
51.458 (48) Bulgaria 44
49.936 (50) Thailand 45
49.357 (53) Greece 46
48.685 (56) Argentina 47
46.695 (58) Indonesia 48
46.074 (51) Romania 49
46.015 (55) Colombia 50
44.976 (49) Mexico 52
44.807 (42) Russia 53
43.198 (59) Peru 55
42.797 (46) India 56
39.164 (52) Jordan 58
37.020 (61) Mongolia 59
36.275 (57) Hungary 60
35.325 (62) Ukraine 61
34.917 (60) Croatia 62
13.717 (63) Venezuela 63
Factor Rankings - 5 years overview
OVERALL Knowledge
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Argentina 55 57 55 59 59 53 56 58 58 50
Australia 14 15 13 14 15 16 18 15 15 17
Austria 19 16 15 20 17 12 12 13 10 11
Belgium 18 22 23 25 25 20 22 25 23 21
Brazil 54 55 57 57 51 54 55 62 59 57
Bulgaria 47 45 43 45 45 38 41 41 46 47
Canada 5 9 8 11 12 7 3 3 5 5
Chile 37 40 37 42 41 51 52 47 50 49
China 35 31 30 22 16 24 23 30 18 8
Colombia 56 58 59 58 61 56 57 57 57 59
Croatia 44 48 44 51 52 45 50 43 42 41
Cyprus - 53 54 54 40 - 46 55 55 40
Czech Republic 32 32 33 37 35 34 36 38 37 37
Denmark 8 5 4 4 3 8 8 8 6 6
Estonia 27 26 25 29 21 30 28 29 30 23
Finland 6 4 7 7 10 9 9 9 9 15
France 22 25 26 24 24 21 19 20 20 20
Germany 15 17 18 17 18 10 13 14 12 12
Greece 45 50 53 53 46 46 51 51 53 48
Hong Kong SAR 11 7 11 8 5 6 6 5 7 7
Hungary 42 44 46 43 47 43 48 48 44 44
Iceland 26 23 21 27 23 32 30 28 29 27
India 53 51 48 44 48 39 37 46 38 39
Indonesia 60 59 62 56 56 60 58 61 56 63
Ireland 20 21 20 19 20 25 25 22 24 24
Israel 13 13 12 16 19 5 7 2 8 9
Italy 34 39 41 41 42 40 42 42 41 42
Japan 23 27 22 23 27 23 29 18 25 22
Jordan 48 56 45 50 53 59 61 56 49 54
Kazakhstan 43 38 38 35 36 47 40 35 32 34
Korea Rep. 17 19 14 10 8 15 14 11 11 10
Latvia 33 35 35 36 38 33 34 34 36 36
Lithuania 29 29 29 30 29 18 21 23 26 25
Luxembourg 21 20 24 21 28 29 27 32 34 35
Malaysia 24 24 27 26 26 22 17 17 19 19
Mexico 52 49 51 49 54 52 54 54 52 52
Mongolia 57 61 61 62 62 55 59 53 62 58
Netherlands 4 6 9 6 7 13 11 12 13 14
New Zealand 10 14 19 18 22 14 20 21 21 28
Norway 9 10 6 9 9 17 15 16 16 16
Peru 58 62 60 61 55 61 62 60 61 55
Philippines 46 46 56 55 57 50 53 50 51 62
Poland 38 37 36 33 32 27 32 33 33 30
Portugal 31 33 32 34 37 31 31 27 31 33
Qatar 28 28 28 31 30 37 35 37 45 45
Romania 49 54 47 46 49 48 47 45 47 53
Russia 40 42 40 38 43 28 24 24 22 26
Saudi Arabia - 36 42 39 34 - 39 40 39 46
Singapore 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 2
Slovak Republic 41 43 50 47 50 41 43 49 48 51
Slovenia 36 34 34 32 31 26 26 26 27 29
South Africa 51 47 49 48 60 49 49 52 54 60
Spain 30 30 31 28 33 36 33 31 28 32
Sweden 3 2 3 3 4 2 2 7 4 4
Switzerland 7 8 5 5 6 3 4 6 2 3
Taiwan, China 16 12 16 13 11 19 16 19 17 18
Thailand 39 41 39 40 39 42 44 44 43 43
Turkey 50 52 52 52 44 58 60 59 60 56
UAE 25 18 17 12 14 35 38 36 35 31
Ukraine 59 60 58 60 58 44 45 39 40 38
United Kingdom 12 11 10 15 13 11 10 10 14 13
USA 2 3 1 1 1 4 5 4 1 1
Venezuela 61 63 63 63 63 57 63 63 63 61
Technology Future readiness
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
56 58 54 56 62 46 49 45 56 47 Argentina
15 15 14 14 14 7 14 11 14 17 Australia
28 28 26 32 28 19 15 14 23 16 Austria
21 24 24 21 19 16 22 23 25 25 Belgium
54 55 55 57 57 49 44 47 43 43 Brazil
38 42 42 42 45 58 57 55 48 44 Bulgaria
14 13 12 13 13 3 8 9 18 15 Canada
34 34 35 41 40 32 33 31 37 39 Chile
39 36 34 26 27 38 34 28 21 18 China
59 60 60 60 61 44 53 56 55 50 Colombia
43 47 49 50 49 50 56 54 60 62 Croatia
- 54 56 59 52 - 54 44 40 29 Cyprus
26 26 31 34 36 34 37 34 39 36 Czech Republic
12 10 10 11 9 6 1 1 2 1 Denmark
17 19 20 22 23 26 26 26 30 20 Estonia
7 4 4 8 10 5 4 8 7 9 Finland
23 22 19 16 15 20 28 27 29 31 France
25 21 21 31 31 14 18 20 16 19 Germany
52 52 51 54 43 36 47 46 53 46 Greece
2 3 6 4 2 27 17 24 15 10 Hong Kong SAR
37 38 40 36 39 45 55 58 57 60 Hungary
22 20 18 20 21 18 21 19 26 22 Iceland
57 59 53 49 50 54 51 48 46 56 India
58 56 59 47 54 60 62 62 58 48 Indonesia
27 25 29 28 30 12 10 13 5 14 Ireland
24 27 25 30 32 9 11 7 19 23 Israel
44 45 41 46 46 29 30 36 31 38 Italy
19 23 23 24 26 23 25 25 24 26 Japan
45 50 48 53 44 37 48 41 52 58 Jordan
42 35 39 39 41 41 38 40 35 33 Kazakhstan
13 17 17 17 12 25 24 17 4 3 Korea Rep.
33 32 32 23 34 39 41 39 45 42 Latvia
29 29 30 25 29 33 31 33 32 30 Lithuania
11 12 15 12 17 24 23 21 17 27 Luxembourg
16 18 22 19 20 28 27 29 28 32 Malaysia
49 48 46 52 56 56 50 50 49 52 Mexico
55 61 62 62 60 52 60 59 61 59 Mongolia
10 9 8 6 8 2 3 4 3 4 Netherlands
6 11 16 15 18 15 20 18 20 21 New Zealand
3 2 2 3 3 13 12 6 8 6 Norway
53 57 57 58 58 55 58 60 59 55 Peru
50 51 58 55 53 40 43 52 54 54 Philippines
36 39 37 37 37 51 39 37 33 35 Poland
35 37 36 38 38 31 35 32 34 41 Portugal
31 31 27 33 25 21 19 16 22 24 Qatar
46 46 44 45 48 57 59 57 51 49 Romania
47 44 43 43 47 53 52 51 42 53 Russia
- 41 50 40 24 - 32 38 38 28 Saudi Arabia
1 1 1 1 1 4 6 15 11 12 Singapore
41 43 47 44 51 43 46 53 47 51 Slovak Republic
40 40 38 35 35 35 36 35 36 37 Slovenia
51 53 52 51 55 47 42 43 44 57 South Africa
32 33 33 29 33 30 29 30 27 40 Spain
4 5 5 7 6 8 5 5 6 7 Sweden
9 8 9 10 11 10 13 10 10 5 Switzerland
8 7 11 9 5 22 16 22 12 8 Taiwan, China
30 30 28 27 22 48 45 49 50 45 Thailand
48 49 45 48 42 42 40 42 41 34 Turkey
20 14 7 2 4 17 7 12 9 11 UAE
60 62 61 61 59 61 61 61 62 61 Ukraine
18 16 13 18 16 11 9 3 13 13 United Kingdom
5 6 3 5 7 1 2 2 1 2 USA
61 63 63 63 63 59 63 63 63 63 Venezuela
Sub-factor Rankings
Knowledge Technology Future readiness
Adaptive attitudes
Business agility
IT integration
Capital
Talent
Argentina 56 43 55 57 62 56 49 39 52 Argentina
Austria 12 12 14 24 30 33 21 21 9 Austria
Belgium 20 31 21 19 21 29 24 35 26 Belgium
Brazil 62 61 27 52 58 50 39 41 48 Brazil
Bulgaria 48 50 42 55 48 39 41 40 47 Bulgaria
Canada 8 6 7 12 3 26 16 16 13 Canada
Chile 37 49 58 33 40 44 22 54 40 Chile
China 13 40 2 18 31 32 17 4 35 China
Croatia 61 26 32 59 43 40 46 63 59 Croatia
Cyprus 57 30 35 47 52 52 28 42 29 Cyprus
Denmark 4 9 15 4 23 6 2 5 1 Denmark
Estonia 31 3 47 30 29 17 18 26 22 Estonia
Finland 11 20 12 13 6 10 10 22 2 Finland
France 25 36 13 9 20 19 36 36 21 France
Germany 22 17 5 28 16 45 23 15 20 Germany
Greece 50 56 36 41 49 46 44 55 45 Greece
Hungary 44 45 44 39 46 24 62 59 41 Hungary
Iceland 33 15 46 15 35 16 25 19 27 Iceland
India 41 51 29 53 7 62 55 52 55 India
Ireland 19 35 25 14 45 30 12 9 25 Ireland
Israel 28 1 3 32 26 36 26 29 14 Israel
Italy 42 58 22 48 54 43 42 23 39 Italy
Japan 46 18 11 44 33 5 19 56 23 Japan
Jordan 40 33 63 42 38 53 61 37 57 Jordan
Kazakhstan 49 4 54 23 55 48 33 13 46 Kazakhstan
Korea Rep. 21 11 4 26 25 3 1 3 15 Korea Rep.
Latvia 27 27 49 37 50 13 51 45 37 Latvia
Mexico 45 57 43 50 53 54 52 50 53 Mexico
Mongolia 60 41 61 58 60 60 40 61 61 Mongolia
Norway 16 10 23 2 9 9 7 8 6 Norway
Peru 58 39 59 49 37 59 54 47 58 Peru
Poland 29 32 28 46 36 23 29 33 38 Poland
Qatar 15 53 60 29 19 31 27 17 28 Qatar
Romania 51 54 39 43 61 37 45 53 54 Romania
Russia 47 13 24 40 57 41 43 60 51 Russia
Saudi Arabia 34 34 62 25 5 47 37 28 24 Saudi Arabia
Singapore 1 7 10 1 11 1 20 11 3 Singapore
Slovak Republic 53 52 38 61 47 38 50 62 44 Slovak Republic
Slovenia 35 22 33 38 28 34 38 31 31 Slovenia
South Africa 59 60 53 56 32 57 59 58 50 South Africa
Spain 32 42 20 36 34 27 35 48 30 Spain
Sweden 9 2 6 5 4 11 8 10 4 Sweden
Switzerland 2 14 9 10 14 14 9 6 7 Switzerland
Taiwan, China 18 21 18 16 8 4 14 1 17 Taiwan, China
Thailand 36 55 37 31 17 25 53 44 43 Thailand
Turkey 38 62 45 34 51 51 32 20 42 Turkey
UAE 5 44 52 3 10 8 15 12 8 UAE
Ukraine 52 19 50 54 59 58 56 51 62 Ukraine
United Kingdom 10 25 8 17 22 22 11 25 11 United Kingdom
USA 14 24 1 22 1 7 3 2 10 USA
Venezuela 63 47 48 63 63 63 63 49 63 Venezuela
DIGITAL
COMPETITIVENESS
COUNTRY PROFILES
The statistical tables are available for subscribers of the

IMD World Competitiveness Online.
Visit our eShop
ARGENTINA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
Beta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel Sub-Factors
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 250 2 56 43 55
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
59 62 57 62 56
Regulatory framework Capital Technological framework

Technology
47 49 39 52
Adaptive attitudes Business agility IT integration
 improved or stable Future readiness
declined
OVERALL & FACTORS - 5 years 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
OVERALL 55 57 55 59 59
Knowledge 53 56 58 58 50
Technology 56 58 54 56 62
Future readiness 46 49 45 56 47
COMPETITIVENESS & DIGITAL RANKINGS

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 55 55
Competitiveness 57
56 59 59
58
N.B. This graph provides only a 62
comparison of the country’s 61
performance in the two rankings.
PEER GROUPS RANKINGS
THE AMERICAS (9 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
23 22
5 24
6 6 7 7 26 26
FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
u Overall top strengths ARGENTINA

w Overall top weaknesses
KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 50 54 47 51 56
Training & education 57 61 63 62 43
Scientific concentration 40 42 41 50 55
Talent Rank Training & education Rank Scientific concentration Rank

Educational assessment PISA - Math 56 Employee training 53 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 48
International experience 30 u Total public expenditure on education 15 Total R&D personnel per capita 42
Foreign highly-skilled personnel 60 Higher education achievement 37 u Female researchers 2
Management of cities 51 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 24 R&D productivity by publication 23
Digital/Technological skills 49 Graduates in Sciences 59 Scientific and technical employment 56
Net flow of international students 17 Women with degrees 29 w High-tech patent grants 62
Robots in Education and R&D 35
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Regulatory framework 46 46 48 49 57
Capital 59 59 48 51 62
Technological framework 54 56 53 57 56

Starting a business 61 IT & media stock market capitalization 30 Communications technology 60
Enforcing contracts 49 w Funding for technological development 62 Mobile Broadband subscribers 53
u Immigration laws 5 w Banking and financial services 62 Wireless broadband 54
Development & application of tech. 58 w Country credit rating 62 Internet users 53
Scientific research legislation 56 w Venture capital 62 Internet bandwidth speed 55
Intellectual property rights 60 u Investment in Telecommunications 12 High-tech exports (%) 53
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Adaptive attitudes 49 49 49 57 49
Business agility 42 36 37 48 39
IT integration 51 54 52 52 52
Adaptive attitudes Rank Business agility Rank IT integration Rank

E-Participation 28 Opportunities and threats 36 E-Government 29
Internet retailing 44 World robots distribution 38 Public-private partnerships 47
Tablet possession 39 Agility of companies 46 Cyber security 53
Smartphone possession 44 Use of big data and analytics 49 Software piracy 58
Attitudes toward globalization 60 Knowledge transfer 55
u Entrepreneurial fear of failure 13
AUSTRALIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 17 2 6 28 19
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
15 14 6 13 20

Technology
17 5 43 12
declined
OVERALL 14 15 13 14 15
Knowledge 16 18 15 15 17

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness 13
14 15 14 15
19
N.B. This graph provides only a 17 21 18 18
comparison of the country’s
ASIA - PACIFIC (14 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3 4 5 4 5
4 6
5 5 5
u Overall top strengths AUSTRALIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 6 8 8 7 6

International experience 37 Total public expenditure on education 19 Total R&D personnel per capita -
Foreign highly-skilled personnel 9 Higher education achievement 14 Female researchers -
Management of cities 26 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) - R&D productivity by publication 17
Digital/Technological skills 40 w Graduates in Sciences 53 Scientific and technical employment 15
u Net flow of international students 1 Women with degrees 11 w High-tech patent grants 44
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 15 16 18 19 13

Starting a business 5 IT & media stock market capitalization 37 w Communications technology 51
Immigration laws 26 Banking and financial services 19 Wireless broadband 10
Development & application of tech. 17 u Country credit rating 1 Internet users 28
Scientific research legislation 18 Venture capital 35 Internet bandwidth speed 41
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


E-Participation 9 w Opportunities and threats 45 E-Government 5
u Tablet possession 4 w Agility of companies 48 Cyber security 28
Entrepreneurial fear of failure 43
AUSTRIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 211 2 12 12 14
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
17 28 24 30 33

Technology
16 21 21 9
declined
OVERALL 19 16 15 20 17
Knowledge 12 12 13 10 11

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
16
Competitiveness 15 19
16 17
19 20
24 18
EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries) POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (34 countries)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
11 9 9 9 11 10 10
12 12 13
u Overall top strengths AUSTRIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 13 12 12 12 12

Educational assessment PISA - Math 22 u Employee training 2 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 7
International experience 27 Total public expenditure on education 28 Total R&D personnel per capita 7
Foreign highly-skilled personnel 17 Higher education achievement 35 w Female researchers 46
Management of cities 10 u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 2 w R&D productivity by publication 50
u Net flow of international students 4 Women with degrees 38 High-tech patent grants 24
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 39 38 38 34 30

w Starting a business 53 IT & media stock market capitalization 36 Communications technology 21
Enforcing contracts 10 Funding for technological development 19 Mobile Broadband subscribers 18
w Immigration laws 45 Banking and financial services 18 Wireless broadband 35
Intellectual property rights 9 w Investment in Telecommunications 58 High-tech exports (%) 34
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


u E-Participation 6 Opportunities and threats 18 E-Government 15
Smartphone possession 36 Use of big data and analytics 36 u Software piracy 6
BELGIUM
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 21 2 20 31 21
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
25 19 19 21 29

Technology
25 24 35 26
declined
OVERALL 18 22 23 25 25
Knowledge 20 22 25 23 21

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
18
22 23
N.B. This graph provides only a 25 25
comparison of the country’s 22 23
performance in the two rankings. 26 27
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
10 11
14 14 15 16 15 15 15 16
u Overall top strengths BELGIUM

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 12 17 17 18 20

Educational assessment PISA - Math 14 Employee training 26 u Total expenditure on R&D (%) 11
Foreign highly-skilled personnel 27 Higher education achievement 23 Female researchers 35
Net flow of international students 14 Women with degrees 24 High-tech patent grants 42
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 19 23 23 25 21

Immigration laws 12 Banking and financial services 22 w Wireless broadband 56
u Intellectual property rights 11 Investment in Telecommunications 28 High-tech exports (%) 38
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


w E-Participation 56 w Opportunities and threats 46 E-Government 36
u Internet retailing 11 World robots distribution 24 Public-private partnerships 34
u Tablet possession 11 Agility of companies 31 Cyber security 30
w Entrepreneurial fear of failure 46
BRAZIL
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 257 2 62 61 27
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
51 57 52 58 50

Technology
43 39 41 48
declined
OVERALL 54 55 57 57 51
Knowledge 54 55 62 59 57

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 51
Competitiveness 54
55
56
57 57 57
N.B. This graph provides only a
60
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
5 5 5 4 20
6 22 23 24 24
u Overall top strengths BRAZIL

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 59 60 61 61 62

Educational assessment PISA - Math 55 w Employee training 59 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 31
w Management of cities 59 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 46 u R&D productivity by publication 9
w Digital/Technological skills 60 Graduates in Sciences 55 Scientific and technical employment 40
u Robots in Education and R&D 14
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 54 56 56 61 58

Starting a business 58 IT & media stock market capitalization 42 w Communications technology 59
Intellectual property rights 51 Investment in Telecommunications 38 High-tech exports (%) 31
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


Smartphone possession 34 w Use of big data and analytics 58 Software piracy 36
BULGARIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 247 2 48 50 42
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
45 45 55 48 39

Technology
44 41 40 47
declined
OVERALL 47 45 43 45 45
Knowledge 38 41 41 46 47

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 43
Competitiveness 45 45 45
47
55 48 48 48
50
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
30 26 27 27
31 28
32 32 30
33
u Overall top strengths BULGARIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 52 51 53 50 48

w Foreign highly-skilled personnel 56 Higher education achievement 44 u Female researchers 12
Management of cities 47 u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 14 R&D productivity by publication 52
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 36 46 50 42 48

Immigration laws 55 Banking and financial services 52 u Wireless broadband 22
w Scientific research legislation 56 Venture capital 39 Internet bandwidth speed 40
w Intellectual property rights 55 Investment in Telecommunications 34 High-tech exports (%) 40
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


Tablet possession 46 Agility of companies 54 w Cyber security 56
CANADA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 5 2 8 6 7
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
12 13 12 3 26

Technology
15 16 16 13
declined
OVERALL 5 9 8 11 12
Knowledge 7 3 3 5 5

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 5
Competitiveness
8 8
9
10
12 10 12
performance in the two rankings. 13
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2 2 2
3
2 2 2 2 2 4
u Overall top strengths CANADA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 10 9 7 13 8

Net flow of international students 10 u Women with degrees 2 High-tech patent grants 12
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 5 1 5 10 3

u Starting a business 2 IT & media stock market capitalization 24 Communications technology 17
w Enforcing contracts 50 Funding for technological development 14 w Mobile Broadband subscribers 43
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


Internet retailing 6 World robots distribution 13 u Public-private partnerships 3
Smartphone possession 33 u Use of big data and analytics 4 Software piracy 13
CHILE
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 49 2 37 49 58
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
41 40 33 40 44

Technology
39 22 54 40
declined
OVERALL 37 40 37 42 41
Knowledge 51 52 47 50 49

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
35
Digital 36
35
38
40
42
THE AMERICAS (9 countries) POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (34 countries)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
24 24
25 25
3 3 3 3 3 26
u Overall top strengths CHILE

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 35 34 31 36 37

Educational assessment PISA - Math 49 Employee training 47 w Total expenditure on R&D (%) 53
International experience 19 Total public expenditure on education 17 w Total R&D personnel per capita 52
u Foreign highly-skilled personnel 8 Higher education achievement 43 Female researchers 36
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 23 20 26 44 40

u Immigration laws 6 u Banking and financial services 14 Wireless broadband 38
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


u Smartphone possession 8 w Use of big data and analytics 56 Software piracy 46
u Attitudes toward globalization 11 Knowledge transfer 51
CHINA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 8 2 13 40 2
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
16 27 18 31 32

Technology
18 17 4 35
declined
OVERALL 35 31 30 22 16
Knowledge 24 23 30 18 8

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 13 14
18 16
Competitiveness
22
25 20
31 30
35
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
6 8 7
7 12 11
9 9 9 13
u Overall top strengths CHINA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 21 23 18 19 13

u Educational assessment PISA - Math 1 Employee training 19 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 15
w International experience 44 w Total public expenditure on education 51 Total R&D personnel per capita 36
Management of cities 11 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 38 u R&D productivity by publication 1
Digital/Technological skills 12 Graduates in Sciences - u Scientific and technical employment 2
w Net flow of international students 46 Women with degrees - High-tech patent grants 9
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 27 22 30 32 31

Development & application of tech. 23 Country credit rating 27 w Internet users 56
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


Internet retailing 19 u World robots distribution 1 Public-private partnerships 11
Smartphone possession 17 Use of big data and analytics 8 w Software piracy 56
COLOMBIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 259 2 54 48 57
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
61 61 60 56 61

Technology
50 60 38 49
declined
OVERALL 56 58 59 58 61
Knowledge 56 57 57 57 59

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 51
52
56 58
58 58
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
24 25 25
7 7 7 6 26
8 28
u Overall top strengths COLOMBIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 55 58 57 56 54

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 53 55 57 55 56

u Immigration laws 27 Banking and financial services 57 w Wireless broadband 60
Scientific research legislation 52 Venture capital 53 w Internet bandwidth speed 60
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


CROATIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 241 2 61 26 32
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
52 49 59 43 40

Technology
62 46 63 59
declined
OVERALL 44 48 44 51 52
Knowledge 45 50 43 42 41

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
44 48 44
51 52
performance in the two rankings. 59 60 60
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
31 31 28 27
34 36 29 31
37 32
u Overall top strengths CROATIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 56 59 59 58 61

w International experience 62 Total public expenditure on education 18 Total R&D personnel per capita 38
Net flow of international students 52 u Women with degrees 5 u High-tech patent grants 10
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 48 52 52 50 43

Starting a business 48 IT & media stock market capitalization - Communications technology 44
w Development & application of tech. 63 Country credit rating 53 Internet users 37
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


Internet retailing 47 World robots distribution 49 w Public-private partnerships 62
CYPRUS
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 402 2 57 30 35
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
40 52 47 52 52

Technology
29 28 42 29
declined
OVERALL 53 54 54 40
Knowledge 46 55 55 40
Technology 54 56 59 52
Future readiness 54 44 40 29

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness 30
37 40
41 41
comparison of the country’s 53 54 54
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
28
37 39 39 25
31 33 33
u Overall top strengths CYPRUS

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 56 62 62 57
Training & education 22 29 33 30
Scientific concentration 51 52 53 35

u International experience 13 Total public expenditure on education 20 Total R&D personnel per capita 46
Foreign highly-skilled personnel 30 u Higher education achievement 10 Female researchers 27
Management of cities 30 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 29 w R&D productivity by publication 58
Digital/Technological skills 28 w Graduates in Sciences 60 u Scientific and technical employment 7
w Net flow of international students 61 Women with degrees 16 u High-tech patent grants 13
Robots in Education and R&D -
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Regulatory framework 45 51 56 47
Capital 54 60 60 52
Technological framework 54 49 48 52

FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Adaptive attitudes 56 45 34 28
Business agility 51 45 57 42
IT integration 47 46 38 29

Internet retailing - World robots distribution 58 Public-private partnerships 30
Smartphone possession - Use of big data and analytics 50 Software piracy 34
CZECH REPUBLIC
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 37 2 26 46 31
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
35 36 45 27 28

Technology
36 34 27 36
declined
OVERALL 32 32 33 37 35
Knowledge 34 36 38 37 37

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
33 33
N.B. This graph provides only a 32 32 33
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
21 20 21 21
22 21 22 24
26 24
u Overall top strengths CZECH REPUBLIC

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 22 26 29 35 26

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 17 15 19 28 27

w Starting a business 56 u IT & media stock market capitalization 12 Communications technology 43
w Enforcing contracts 52 Funding for technological development 32 Mobile Broadband subscribers 20
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


w E-Participation 50 Opportunities and threats 31 E-Government 35
Internet retailing 22 u World robots distribution 16 w Public-private partnerships 55
Entrepreneurial fear of failure -
DENMARK
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 6 2 4 9 15
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
3 9 4 23 6

Technology
1 2 5 1
declined
OVERALL 8 5 4 4 3
Knowledge 8 8 8 6 6

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2
Digital 3
4 4
Competitiveness 5
6 6
7
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1 3 3 2
2 2 4
3 6
5
u Overall top strengths DENMARK

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 8 6 6 6 4

International experience 10 Total public expenditure on education 6 u Total R&D personnel per capita 1
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 26 25 22 27 23

Starting a business 26 w IT & media stock market capitalization 46 Communications technology 2
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


E-Participation 9 Opportunities and threats 3 u E-Government 1
ESTONIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 23 2 31 3 47
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
21 23 30 29 17

Technology
20 18 26 22
declined
OVERALL 27 26 25 29 21
Knowledge 30 28 29 30 23

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness 21
27 26 25
29 28
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
13 13
17 17 16 18 17 17 17 17
u Overall top strengths ESTONIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 46 40 34 37 31

w Robots in Education and R&D 50
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 16 18 21 24 29

w Immigration laws 59 Banking and financial services 38 u Wireless broadband 4
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


u E-Participation 1 Opportunities and threats 29 u E-Government 3
Internet retailing 20 w World robots distribution 47 Public-private partnerships 44
FINLAND
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 15 2 11 20 12
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
10 10 13 6 10

Technology
9 10 22 2
declined
OVERALL 6 4 7 7 10
Knowledge 9 9 9 9 15

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
4
6 7 7
Digital
10
Competitiveness
15 16 15
13
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3 2 3
5 5 4
6 6 6
8
u Overall top strengths FINLAND

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 15 10 13 9 11

Management of cities 7 w Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 47 w R&D productivity by publication 51
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 13 10 9 11 6

Starting a business 18 IT & media stock market capitalization 15 u Communications technology 1
Enforcing contracts 34 u Funding for technological development 1 Mobile Broadband subscribers 7
w Immigration laws 52 u Banking and financial services 1 Wireless broadband 5
u Scientific research legislation 3 u Venture capital 3 Internet bandwidth speed 24
Intellectual property rights 3 w Investment in Telecommunications 48 w High-tech exports (%) 43
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


FRANCE
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 220 2 25 36 13
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
24 15 9 20 19

Technology
31 36 36 21
declined
OVERALL 22 25 26 24 24
Knowledge 21 19 20 20 20

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
22 24 24
25 26
comparison of the country’s 32 31 31 32
28
EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
8 9 9 10 9
14 16 14 15
17
u Overall top strengths FRANCE

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 24 24 21 24 25

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 31 26 25 18 20

u Immigration laws 9 Banking and financial services 36 Wireless broadband 36
Intellectual property rights 17 Investment in Telecommunications 22 u High-tech exports (%) 8
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


u Internet retailing 13 u World robots distribution 8 Public-private partnerships 20
Tablet possession 48 w Agility of companies 55 Cyber security 26
w Attitudes toward globalization 62 Knowledge transfer 26
GERMANY
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 12 2 22 17 5
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
18 31 28 16 45

Technology
19 23 15 20
declined
OVERALL 15 17 18 17 18
Knowledge 10 13 14 12 12

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
12
15
13 17
15
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
9 5 6
10 11 10 10 7 7 8
u Overall top strengths GERMANY

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 16 16 22 25 22

w Digital/Technological skills 56 u Graduates in Sciences 3 Scientific and technical employment 22
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 22 19 16 17 16

w Starting a business 51 IT & media stock market capitalization 10 w Communications technology 53
Enforcing contracts 12 Funding for technological development 25 w Mobile Broadband subscribers 57
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


GREECE
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 48 2 50 56 36
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
46 43 41 49 46

Technology
46 44 55 45
declined
OVERALL 45 50 53 53 46
Knowledge 46 51 51 53 48

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
45 46
50 53 53
49
56 57 57 58
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
29 28
32 33 30
35 32 32
38 38
u Overall top strengths GREECE

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 47 47 50 53 50

w Foreign highly-skilled personnel 58 Higher education achievement 31 Female researchers 28
Management of cities 46 w Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 57 R&D productivity by publication 33
Digital/Technological skills 41 u Graduates in Sciences 10 Scientific and technical employment 25
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 55 58 54 52 49

u Starting a business 6 u IT & media stock market capitalization 11 Communications technology 50
u Immigration laws 15 w Banking and financial services 60 Wireless broadband 40
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


HONG KONG SAR

Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 7 2 7 5 17
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
5 2 7 12 2

Technology
10 4 14 19
declined
OVERALL 11 7 11 8 5
Knowledge 6 6 5 7 7

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1 1
2 2
Digital
5
Competitiveness
7
8
ASIA - PACIFIC (14 countries) POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (34 countries)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2 2 2 2 4
6 7
3 8
9
u Overall top strengths HONG KONG SAR

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 3 4 5 4 7

International experience 4 w Total public expenditure on education 45 Total R&D personnel per capita 31
w Net flow of international students 43 Women with degrees - u High-tech patent grants 2
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 2 6 6 6 12

Intellectual property rights 12 w Investment in Telecommunications 46 u High-tech exports (%) 1
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


E-Participation - u Opportunities and threats 1 E-Government -
u Smartphone possession 1 Use of big data and analytics 21 Software piracy 28
HUNGARY
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 44 2 44 45 44
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
47 39 39 46 24

Technology
60 62 59 41
declined
OVERALL 42 44 46 43 47
Knowledge 43 48 48 44 44

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
42 44 43
46 47
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
29 26 26
31 30 27
33 34 29 29
u Overall top strengths HUNGARY

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 43 46 46 47 44

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 47 44 51 46 46

u Enforcing contracts 22 Funding for technological development 45 u Mobile Broadband subscribers 5
Scientific research legislation 46 Venture capital 48 u Internet bandwidth speed 13
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


w Smartphone possession 60 w Use of big data and analytics 60 Software piracy 27
ICELAND
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 27 2 33 15 46
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
23 21 15 35 16

Technology
22 25 19 27
declined
OVERALL 26 23 21 27 23
Knowledge 32 30 28 29 27

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
23
21 20
23 23
26 27
24
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
14
15
15 13 14 16 16 16
16 16
u Overall top strengths ICELAND

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 41 38 37 34 33

International experience 43 u Total public expenditure on education 2 u Total R&D personnel per capita 5
Management of cities 29 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) - w R&D productivity by publication 63
u Digital/Technological skills 1 Graduates in Sciences 49 Scientific and technical employment 14
w Net flow of international students 59 Women with degrees 9 w High-tech patent grants 56
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 43 43 40 39 35

Starting a business 34 IT & media stock market capitalization - u Communications technology 4
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


E-Participation 42 u Opportunities and threats 5 E-Government 12
Tablet possession - Agility of companies 10 Cyber security 23
INDIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 239 2 41 51 29
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
48 50 53 7 62

Technology
56 55 52 55
declined
OVERALL 53 51 48 44 48
Knowledge 39 37 46 38 39

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
45 44 43 43
41 44
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
11 11 11 18 18
19
12 12
21 21
u Overall top strengths INDIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 38 43 43 38 41

Educational assessment PISA - Math - Employee training 44 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 47
Digital/Technological skills 22 u Graduates in Sciences 6 Scientific and technical employment -
Net flow of international students 42 Women with degrees - High-tech patent grants 39
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 30 28 3 3 7

Starting a business 57 u IT & media stock market capitalization 13 Communications technology 36
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


w Tablet possession 60 Agility of companies 35 Cyber security 38
INDONESIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 263 2 43 63 51
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
56 54 51 41 55

Technology
48 58 24 60
declined
OVERALL 60 59 62 56 56
Knowledge 60 58 61 56 63

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness 32
42 43 40
48
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
12
13 13
14 14 23 23
27 26 28
u Overall top strengths INDONESIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 54 48 51 42 43

Digital/Technological skills 44 Graduates in Sciences 51 Scientific and technical employment -
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 42 37 34 26 41

w Starting a business 60 u IT & media stock market capitalization 21 Communications technology 52
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


Smartphone possession 55 u Use of big data and analytics 17 w Software piracy 61
IRELAND
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 24 2 19 35 25
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
20 30 14 45 30

Technology
14 12 9 25
declined
OVERALL 20 21 20 19 20
Knowledge 25 25 22 24 24

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
7 6 7
Digital
20 20 19 20
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
11 12 12
12 12 12 13 13
13 14
u Overall top strengths IRELAND

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 18 15 14 10 19

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 49 49 53 49 45

Starting a business 12 w IT & media stock market capitalization 50 w Communications technology 54
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


Tablet possession 15 u Agility of companies 5 Cyber security 31
ISRAEL
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 9 2 28 1 3
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
19 32 32 26 36

Technology
23 26 29 14
declined
OVERALL 13 13 12 16 19
Knowledge 5 7 2 8 9

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
13 13 12
Competitiveness 16
19
21 22 21
26
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
8 8 8 9 10 9 9 10
11 11
u Overall top strengths ISRAEL

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 23 21 19 27 28

International experience 20 u Total public expenditure on education 3 Total R&D personnel per capita -
Management of cities 31 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) - w R&D productivity by publication 56
Digital/Technological skills 19 Graduates in Sciences - Scientific and technical employment 8
Net flow of international students 45 Women with degrees 6 u High-tech patent grants 6
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 20 27 20 20 26

FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


Tablet possession 18 Agility of companies 24 u Cyber security 3
ITALY
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 42 2 42 58 22
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
42 46 48 54 43

Technology
38 42 23 39
declined
OVERALL 34 39 41 41 42
Knowledge 40 42 42 41 42

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
34
39 41 41
35 42
performance in the two rankings. 44 42 44 44
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
24 28 28 29 29 12
15 16 17 16
u Overall top strengths ITALY

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 44 44 41 44 42

Digital/Technological skills 51 Graduates in Sciences 26 u Scientific and technical employment 16
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 51 53 49 53 54

Immigration laws 21 w Banking and financial services 54 Wireless broadband 26
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


JAPAN
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 22 2 46 18 11
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
27 26 44 33 5

Technology
26 19 56 23
declined
OVERALL 23 27 22 23 27
Knowledge 23 29 18 25 22

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness 26
23 22 23
27 27
25 30
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
9 10 8 9
7 8 7 8 11
9
u Overall top strengths JAPAN

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 30 41 36 46 46

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 29 33 33 37 33

Immigration laws 56 Banking and financial services 40 u Wireless broadband 2
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


Smartphone possession 21 w Use of big data and analytics 63 u Software piracy 2
JORDAN
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 54 2 40 33 63
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
53 44 42 38 53

Technology
58 61 37 57
declined
OVERALL 48 56 45 50 53
Knowledge 59 61 56 49 54

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
48 45
50 53
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
28
34 32 35 38 31 30
39
33 33
u Overall top strengths JORDAN

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 40 55 39 43 40

Foreign highly-skilled personnel 36 Higher education achievement - Female researchers 55
u Net flow of international students 21 Women with degrees - High-tech patent grants 51
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 24 30 39 41 38

Intellectual property rights 30 u Investment in Telecommunications 20 w High-tech exports (%) 60
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


w E-Participation 60 Opportunities and threats 40 w E-Government 60
w Internet retailing 60 World robots distribution - Public-private partnerships 33
Attitudes toward globalization 41 u Knowledge transfer 22
KAZAKHSTAN
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 234 2 49 4 54
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
36 41 23 55 48

Technology
33 33 13 46
declined
OVERALL 43 38 38 35 36
Knowledge 47 40 35 32 34

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
35 36
38 38
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
27 26 24 25 22 22
30 24 25
27
u Overall top strengths KAZAKHSTAN

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 45 36 44 39 49

Foreign highly-skilled personnel 31 u Higher education achievement 1 u Female researchers 3
w Net flow of international students 57 u Women with degrees 1 w High-tech patent grants 58
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 56 51 59 54 55

u Enforcing contracts 4 Funding for technological development 37 Mobile Broadband subscribers 33
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


Internet retailing 53 World robots distribution - Public-private partnerships 28
KOREA REP.
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 210 2 21 11 4
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
8 12 26 25 3

Technology
3 1 3 15
declined
OVERALL 17 19 14 10 8
Knowledge 15 14 11 11 10

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
10 8
Digital
14
23
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3 3 2 2
4 5
6 6 7 7
u Overall top strengths KOREA REP.

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 27 25 26 30 21

w Foreign highly-skilled personnel 43 Higher education achievement 4 w Female researchers 54
w Net flow of international students 49 Women with degrees 20 High-tech patent grants 3
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 35 41 44 29 25

FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


LATVIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 36 2 27 27 49
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
38 34 37 50 13

Technology
42 51 45 37
declined
OVERALL 33 35 35 36 38
Knowledge 33 34 34 36 36

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
33 35 35 36 38
40 40 40 41
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
23 24 24 22
25 23 23 23
27 24
u Overall top strengths LATVIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 28 29 28 32 27

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 45 31 36 35 50

Development & application of tech. 35 Country credit rating 36 u Internet users 14
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


LITHUANIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 25 2 23 16 40
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
29 29 27 42 18

Technology
30 47 18 32
declined
OVERALL 29 29 29 30 29
Knowledge 18 21 23 26 25

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
29
Digital 29 29 29 29
Competitiveness
30
30 31
32
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
18 18 18
19 19 19 19 19 19 19
u Overall top strengths LITHUANIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 29 33 27 23 23

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 37 42 35 36 42

Starting a business 20 IT & media stock market capitalization - u Communications technology 6
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


w Smartphone possession 54 Use of big data and analytics 14 Software piracy 43
LUXEMBOURG
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 235 2 39 23 41
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
28 17 8 15 35

Technology
27 48 34 16
declined
OVERALL 21 20 24 21 28
Knowledge 29 27 32 34 35

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 8
11 11 12
Competitiveness 15
21 20 21
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
13 12 13 14 13 14
15 17 16 17
u Overall top strengths LUXEMBOURG

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 33 31 33 31 39

u Foreign highly-skilled personnel 4 Higher education achievement 13 Female researchers 48
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 3 3 4 9 15

FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


Internet retailing - w World robots distribution 58 Public-private partnerships 21
Tablet possession - Agility of companies 21 Cyber security 11
Smartphone possession - Use of big data and analytics 38 u Software piracy 4
MALAYSIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 219 2 30 8 26
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
26 20 35 18 15

Technology
32 30 30 33
declined
OVERALL 24 24 27 26 26
Knowledge 22 17 17 19 19

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
22
19
22
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
10 8 10 10
8 7 8 8 11
9
u Overall top strengths MALAYSIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 26 27 24 22 30

Digital/Technological skills 30 u Graduates in Sciences 1 w Scientific and technical employment 50
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 7 9 12 14 18

Intellectual property rights 34 u Investment in Telecommunications 8 u High-tech exports (%) 3
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


w Internet retailing 45 World robots distribution 22 Public-private partnerships 17
MEXICO
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 252 2 45 57 43
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
54 56 50 53 54

Technology
52 52 50 53
declined
OVERALL 52 49 51 49 54
Knowledge 52 54 54 52 52

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 45 48
Competitiveness
49 49
51 53
52 50
54
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
20 20 20 20
4 4 4 4 21
5
u Overall top strengths MEXICO

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 51 53 52 55 45

Management of cities 55 u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 17 u R&D productivity by publication 7
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 44 45 42 47 53

Enforcing contracts 33 w Funding for technological development 58 Mobile Broadband subscribers 45
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


MONGOLIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 258 2 60 41 61
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
62 60 58 60 60

Technology
59 40 61 61
declined
OVERALL 57 61 61 62 62
Knowledge 55 59 53 62 58

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 57
Competitiveness
60 61
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
13 13 33
14 14 14 34 34 34 34
u Overall top strengths MONGOLIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 57 62 60 60 60

Educational assessment PISA - Math - u Employee training 9 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 59
Net flow of international students 56 u Women with degrees 21 w High-tech patent grants 63
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 52 61 55 58 60

w Intellectual property rights 62 u Investment in Telecommunications 9 High-tech exports (%) 56
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


Internet retailing - World robots distribution - Public-private partnerships 61
Tablet possession - Agility of companies 59 w Cyber security 62
u Smartphone possession 9 Use of big data and analytics 53 Software piracy -
Attitudes toward globalization 56 w Knowledge transfer 63
NETHERLANDS
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 14 2 3 29 16
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
7 8 11 2 12

Technology
4 6 7 5
declined
OVERALL 4 6 9 6 7
Knowledge 13 11 12 13 14

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 5
4 4 4
Competitiveness
6 6
7
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2 3
4 4 4 5 5
6 7 6
u Overall top strengths NETHERLANDS

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 4 3 3 3 3

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 9 5 7 5 2

Scientific research legislation 10 u Venture capital 2 Internet bandwidth speed 16
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


NEW ZEALAND
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 228 2 17 37 34
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
22 18 21 24 21

Technology
21 13 46 18
declined
OVERALL 10 14 19 18 22
Knowledge 14 20 21 21 28

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
10
Competitiveness
14
16
19 18
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2
4 8
6 6 7 10 11
12 14
u Overall top strengths NEW ZEALAND

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 9 14 16 11 17

w Management of cities 49 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 36 R&D productivity by publication 44
u Net flow of international students 2 Women with degrees 26 w High-tech patent grants 49
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 4 4 14 15 24

u Starting a business 1 IT & media stock market capitalization 31 Communications technology 28
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


u E-Participation 4 Opportunities and threats 37 u E-Government 8
NORWAY
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 16 2 16 10 23
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
9 3 2 9 9

Technology
6 7 8 6
declined
OVERALL 9 10 6 9 9
Knowledge 17 15 16 16 16

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness 6
7
8
9 9 9
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
4 5 5
6 6 6 7 7
8 8
u Overall top strengths NORWAY

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 20 20 20 16 16

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 8 7 2 7 9

Development & application of tech. 10 u Country credit rating 1 u Internet users 2
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


PERU
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 255 2 58 39 59
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
55 58 49 37 59

Technology
55 54 47 58
declined
OVERALL 58 62 60 61 55
Knowledge 61 62 60 61 55

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 52
Competitiveness 54 55 54 55 55
58
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
6 22
8 8 8 8 25 28 27 28
u Overall top strengths PERU

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 60 61 58 59 58

w Management of cities 61 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 43 R&D productivity by publication 29
Net flow of international students - Women with degrees 40 w High-tech patent grants 59
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 40 48 47 45 37

u Immigration laws 13 Banking and financial services 38 w Wireless broadband 59
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


PHILIPPINES
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 62 2 55 59 56
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
57 53 62 39 49

Technology
54 57 32 56
declined
OVERALL 46 46 56 55 57
Knowledge 50 53 50 51 62

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
46
50
46 46 45
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
11 11
12 12 17 18
13 23 22 24
u Overall top strengths PHILIPPINES

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 32 39 48 41 55

w Educational assessment PISA - Math 59 Employee training 37 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 58
Net flow of international students 37 Women with degrees 49 u High-tech patent grants 16
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 28 29 43 40 39

Intellectual property rights 54 u Investment in Telecommunications 10 u High-tech exports (%) 2
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


POLAND
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 30 2 29 32 28
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
32 37 46 36 23

Technology
35 29 33 38
declined
OVERALL 38 37 36 33 32
Knowledge 27 32 33 33 30

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
33 32
38 37 36
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
12
13 13
22 21 14 14
26 26 25
u Overall top strengths POLAND

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 17 28 30 28 29

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 32 32 32 38 36

FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


PORTUGAL
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 33 2 24 38 30
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
37 38 20 44 42

Technology
41 31 57 34
declined
OVERALL 31 33 32 34 37
Knowledge 31 31 27 31 33

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
31 33 32 34
37
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
20 20
21 21
21 22 21 23 26 23
u Overall top strengths PORTUGAL

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 31 30 23 26 24

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 50 50 45 48 44

Starting a business 33 IT & media stock market capitalization 34 u Communications technology 5
Development & application of tech. 18 Country credit rating 46 u Internet users 12
Intellectual property rights 29 Investment in Telecommunications 39 w High-tech exports (%) 55
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


QATAR
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 245 2 15 53 60
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
30 25 29 19 31

Technology
24 27 17 28
declined
OVERALL 28 28 28 31 30
Knowledge 37 35 37 45 45

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 10
13 14 14
Competitiveness 17

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
18 18 18 18 18 18
19
20 19 19
u Overall top strengths QATAR

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 25 19 15 15 15

u International experience 5 w Total public expenditure on education 60 Total R&D personnel per capita 48
Foreign highly-skilled personnel 7 w Higher education achievement 57 Female researchers 38
u Management of cities 5 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 31 w R&D productivity by publication 57
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 18 17 24 23 19

FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


u Tablet possession 5 Agility of companies 18 u Cyber security 1
ROMANIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 253 2 51 54 39
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
49 48 43 61 37

Technology
49 45 53 54
declined
OVERALL 49 54 47 46 49
Knowledge 48 47 45 47 53

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 46
47
50
49
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
28
34 32 30 30
35 35 32 32
38
u Overall top strengths ROMANIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 49 45 45 48 51

w Management of cities 57 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 48 u R&D productivity by publication 20
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 58 60 62 59 61

FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


w Attitudes toward globalization 57 w Knowledge transfer 57
RUSSIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 26 2 47 13 24
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
43 47 40 57 41

Technology
53 43 60 51
declined
OVERALL 40 42 40 38 43
Knowledge 28 24 24 22 26

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
40 40 38
42 43
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
27 27 27
29 30 15 14
16 17 17
u Overall top strengths RUSSIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 37 35 40 45 47

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 57 57 58 57 57

Scientific research legislation 49 w Venture capital 59 Internet bandwidth speed 42
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


SAUDI ARABIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 462 2 34 34 62
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
34 24 25 5 47

Technology
28 37 28 24
declined
OVERALL 36 42 39 34
Knowledge 39 40 39 46
Technology 41 50 40 24
Future readiness 32 38 38 28

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
39
36 34
39
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
25 28 23 13 14
29 17 15
u Overall top strengths SAUDI ARABIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 22 38 20 34
Training & education 16 39 38 34
Scientific concentration 61 49 59 62

w Educational assessment PISA - Math 58 Employee training 34 Total expenditure on R&D (%) -
International experience 11 u Total public expenditure on education 4 Total R&D personnel per capita -
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Regulatory framework 48 50 39 25
Capital 36 31 13 5
Technological framework 41 56 54 47

Enforcing contracts 37 u Funding for technological development 7 Mobile Broadband subscribers 37
u Development & application of tech. 9 Country credit rating 27 Internet users 47
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Adaptive attitudes 29 43 50 37
Business agility 38 48 36 28
IT integration 31 33 30 24

Internet retailing 42 World robots distribution 52 u Public-private partnerships 4
SINGAPORE
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 2 2 1 7 10
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
2 1 1 11 1

Technology
12 20 11 3
declined
OVERALL 1 1 2 2 2
Knowledge 1 1 1 3 2

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1 1 1 1
Digital
2 2 2
Competitiveness
3 3
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u Overall top strengths SINGAPORE

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 1 1 1 1 1

Net flow of international students 6 Women with degrees - u High-tech patent grants 1
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 10 14 8 8 11

u Enforcing contracts 1 Funding for technological development 3 u Mobile Broadband subscribers 1
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 51 2 53 52 38
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
50 51 61 47 38

Technology
51 50 62 44
declined
OVERALL 41 43 50 47 50
Knowledge 41 43 49 48 51

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness 40
41 43
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
28 30 25 26 29
36 33 36 31 31
u Overall top strengths SLOVAK REPUBLIC

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 48 50 56 54 53

w Foreign highly-skilled personnel 61 Higher education achievement 38 u Female researchers 21
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 34 39 46 43 47

w Development & application of tech. 61 Country credit rating 30 u Internet users 26
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


SLOVENIA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 29 2 35 22 33
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
31 35 38 28 34

Technology
37 38 31 31
declined
OVERALL 36 34 34 32 31
Knowledge 26 26 26 27 29

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
32 31
36 34 34
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
20 20
23 23 21 20 22 22
25 23
u Overall top strengths SLOVENIA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 39 37 35 33 35

International experience 42 Total public expenditure on education 26 u Total R&D personnel per capita 15
w Foreign highly-skilled personnel 53 Higher education achievement 34 Female researchers 43
Management of cities 38 u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 15 w R&D productivity by publication 59
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 41 40 29 31 28

w Enforcing contracts 54 Funding for technological development 31 u Mobile Broadband subscribers 9
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


SOUTH AFRICA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 260 2 59 60 53
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
60 55 56 32 57

Technology
57 59 58 50
declined
OVERALL 51 47 49 48 60
Knowledge 49 49 52 54 60

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
51 47 49 48 59
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
37 33 35 34 40 19 19 19 19
27
u Overall top strengths SOUTH AFRICA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 53 52 54 49 59

Foreign highly-skilled personnel 44 w Higher education achievement 60 u Female researchers 16
w Digital/Technological skills 61 Graduates in Sciences 52 Scientific and technical employment -
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 33 35 27 30 32

Starting a business 59 u IT & media stock market capitalization 7 w Communications technology 61
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


w Internet retailing 59 World robots distribution 34 Public-private partnerships 57
SPAIN
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 32 2 32 42 20
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
33 33 36 34 27

Technology
40 35 48 30
declined
OVERALL 30 30 31 28 33
Knowledge 36 33 31 28 32

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
30 30 28
31 33
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
11 11
17 12 12
20 20 20 22 13
u Overall top strengths SPAIN

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 34 32 32 29 32

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 38 34 37 33 34

w Scientific research legislation 50 Venture capital 32 u Internet bandwidth speed 14
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


w Smartphone possession 57 w Use of big data and analytics 61 Software piracy 32
SWEDEN
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 4 2 9 2 6
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
4 6 5 4 11

Technology
7 8 10 4
declined
OVERALL 3 2 3 3 4
Knowledge 2 2 7 4 4

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2
Digital 3 3 3
4
Competitiveness 5
6
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
2 3
u Overall top strengths SWEDEN

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 14 11 10 8 9

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 11 13 10 4 4

u Development & application of tech. 1 u Country credit rating 1 Internet users 7
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


SWITZERLAND
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 3 2 2 14 9
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
6 11 10 14 14

Technology
5 9 6 7
declined
OVERALL 7 8 5 5 6
Knowledge 3 4 6 2 3

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2 2 4
Digital 3
Competitiveness 5 5
6
7
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3 3 3 5 4 4 5
4 7
5
u Overall top strengths SWITZERLAND

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 2 2 2 2 2

u Foreign highly-skilled personnel 1 Higher education achievement 15 w Female researchers 34
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 12 11 15 16 14

w Starting a business 37 w IT & media stock market capitalization 43 Communications technology 11
u Scientific research legislation 1 Venture capital 15 Internet bandwidth speed 3
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


TAIWAN, CHINA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 18 2 18 21 18
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
11 5 16 8 4

Technology
8 14 1 17
declined
OVERALL 16 12 16 13 11
Knowledge 19 16 19 17 18

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness 14
12 11
13
14
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
4 4 3
3 6 6
4 4
5 5
u Overall top strengths TAIWAN, CHINA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 19 18 25 21 18

International experience 34 w Total public expenditure on education 46 u Total R&D personnel per capita 2
w Foreign highly-skilled personnel 47 Higher education achievement 3 w Female researchers 53
Digital/Technological skills 25 Graduates in Sciences 5 w Scientific and technical employment 44
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 6 8 13 12 8

FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


E-Participation - Opportunities and threats 2 E-Government -
THAILAND
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 243 2 36 55 37
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
39 22 31 17 25

Technology
45 53 44 43
declined
OVERALL 39 41 39 40 39
Knowledge 42 44 44 43 43

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
27 25
28 30 29
N.B. This graph provides only a 39 41 39 40 39

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
14
15 15
10 10 10 10 10 16 16
u Overall top strengths THAILAND

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 42 42 42 40 36

Digital/Technological skills 45 Graduates in Sciences 16 w Scientific and technical employment 54
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 21 21 28 21 17

Immigration laws 23 u Banking and financial services 9 Wireless broadband 23
Intellectual property rights 44 Investment in Telecommunications 14 u High-tech exports (%) 11
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


w Tablet possession 58 Agility of companies 36 Cyber security 34
TURKEY
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 256 2 38 62 45
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
44 42 34 51 51

Technology
34 32 20 42
declined
OVERALL 50 52 52 52 44
Knowledge 58 60 59 60 56

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
38 47 46
51 44
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
31
36 36 18 22 21 21 18
37 37
u Overall top strengths TURKEY

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 36 49 49 52 38

Management of cities 37 w Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 58 u R&D productivity by publication 12
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 46 47 41 56 51

FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


UAE
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 231 2 5 44 52
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
14 4 3 10 8

Technology
11 15 12 8
declined
OVERALL 25 18 17 12 14
Knowledge 35 38 36 35 31

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
5
7
Digital 10 9
12
18 17

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
7 8 9 9
11 10 12 11
15 15
u Overall top strengths UAE

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 5 5 4 5 5

u International experience 2 w Total public expenditure on education 62 Total R&D personnel per capita 32
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 14 12 11 2 10

u Immigration laws 1 Banking and financial services 6 u Wireless broadband 1
Intellectual property rights 23 w Investment in Telecommunications 50 w High-tech exports (%) 58
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


Internet retailing 32 w World robots distribution 53 u Public-private partnerships 1
UKRAINE
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 238 2 52 19 50
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
58 59 54 59 58

Technology
61 56 51 62
declined
OVERALL 59 60 58 60 58
Knowledge 44 45 39 40 38

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 54
55
Competitiveness
58 58
59
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
38 25 25
39 26
40 40 40 27 27
u Overall top strengths UKRAINE

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 58 57 55 57 52

Foreign highly-skilled personnel 59 Higher education achievement - u Female researchers 17
Management of cities 56 u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 11 u R&D productivity by publication 21
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 60 62 61 62 59

w Intellectual property rights 61 u Investment in Telecommunications 7 High-tech exports (%) 52
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


UNITED KINGDOM
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 213 2 10 25 8
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
13 16 17 22 22

Technology
13 11 25 11
declined
OVERALL 12 11 10 15 13
Knowledge 11 10 10 14 13

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
11 10
15
18 19 19
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
7 7 7 7 3 3 3
6 5
8
u Overall top strengths UNITED KINGDOM

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 7 7 9 17 10

TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 25 24 17 22 22

Scientific research legislation 16 u Venture capital 5 w Internet bandwidth speed 35
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


USA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 2 1 2 14 24 1
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
1 7 22 1 7

Technology
2 3 2 10
declined
OVERALL 2 3 1 1 1
Knowledge 4 5 4 1 1

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1 1 1
2
Digital
3 3
3
Competitiveness 4

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u Overall top strengths USA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 11 13 11 14 14

International experience 31 Total public expenditure on education 10 Total R&D personnel per capita -
Digital/Technological skills 6 w Graduates in Sciences 54 u Scientific and technical employment 1
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 1 2 1 1 1

Scientific research legislation 7 u Venture capital 1 Internet bandwidth speed 12
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


VENEZUELA
Overall Factors
Alpha AlphaLabel
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 2
8.5 4 4 261 2 63 47 48
11 4 4 2 2

Knowledge
63 63 63 63 63

Technology
63 63 49 63
declined
OVERALL 61 63 63 63 63
Knowledge 57 63 63 63 61

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital 61
Competitiveness

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
28
29 29 29 29
9 9 9 9 9
u Overall top strengths VENEZUELA

KNOWLEDGE
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Talent 61 63 63 63 63

International experience 57 Total public expenditure on education - Total R&D personnel per capita -
Foreign highly-skilled personnel 63 Higher education achievement - u Female researchers 1
Digital/Technological skills 63 Graduates in Sciences - Scientific and technical employment -
Net flow of international students - Women with degrees - High-tech patent grants 53
TECHNOLOGY
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Capital 61 63 63 63 63

Intellectual property rights 63 w Investment in Telecommunications 63 High-tech exports (%) -
FUTURE READINESS
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


A p p e n d i c e s a n d S o u rc e s
The statistical tables are available for subscribers of the IMD World Competitiveness Online.
Visit our eShop
B a c k g ro u n d S t a t i s t i c s

0.0.1 [B] Population - market size Estimates in millions
0.0.2 [B] GDP per capita US$ per capita
Fa c t o r I : K n o w le d g e
1 . 1 Ta le n t
1.1.1 Educational assessment PISA - Math PISA survey of 15-year olds

1.1.2 [S] International experience International experience of senior managers is generally significant
1.1.3 [S] Foreign highly-skilled personnel Foreign highly-skilled personnel are attracted to your country’s business environment
1.1.4 [S] Management of cities Management of cities supports business development
1.1.5 [S] Digital/Technological skills Digital/Technological skills are readily available
1.1.6 Net flow of international students Tertiary-level international students inbound minus students outbound (per 1000 people)
1 . 2 Tr a i n i n g & e d u c a t i o n
1.2.1 [S] Employee training Employee training is a high priority in companies

1.2.2 Total public expenditure on education Percentage of GDP
1.2.3 Higher education achievement Percentage of population that has attained at least tertiary education for persons 25-34
1.2.4 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Number of pupils per teacher
1.2.5 Graduates in Sciences % of graduates in ICT, Engineering, Math & Natural Sciences
1.2.6 Women with degrees Share of women who have a degree in the population 25-65
1 . 3 S c i e n t i f i c co n ce n t r a t i o n
1.3.1 Total expenditure on R&D (%) Percentage of GDP

1.3.2 Total R&D personnel per capita Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people
1.3.3 Female researchers % of total (headcount FT&PT)
1.3.4 R&D productivity by publication No. of scientific articles over R&D expenditure (as % GDP)
1.3.5 Scientific and technical employment % of total employment
1.3.6 High-tech patent grants % of all patents granted by applicant’s origin (average 2015-2017)
1.3.7 Robots in Education and R&D number of robots
Fa c t o r I I : Te c h n o lo g y
2.1 Regulatory framework
2.1.1 Starting a business Distance to Frontier

2.1.2 Enforcing contracts Distance to Frontier
2.1.3 [S] Immigration laws Immigration laws do not prevent your company from employing foreign labor
2.1.4 [S] Development & application of technology Development and application of technology are supported by the legal environment
2.1.5 [S] Scientific research legislation Laws relating to scientific research do encourage innovation
2.1.6 [S] Intellectual property rights Intellectual property rights are adequately enforced
2.2 Capital
2.2.1 IT & media stock market capitalization % of total stock market capitalization
2.2.2 [S] Funding for technological development Funding for technological development is readily available
2.2.3 [S] Banking and financial services Banking and financial services do support business activities efficiently
2.2.4 Country credit rating Index (0-60) of three country credit ratings: Fitch, Moody’s and S&P
2.2.5 [S] Venture capital Venture capital is easily available for business
2.2.6 Investment in Telecommunications Percentage of GDP
2 . 3 Te c h n o lo g i c a l f r a m e w o r k
2.3.1 [S] Communications technology Communications technology (voice and data) meets business requirements
2.3.2 Mobile Broadband subscribers 3G & 4G market, % of mobile market
2.3.3 Wireless broadband Penetration rate (per 100 people)
2.3.4 Internet users Number of internet users per 1000 people/ Source: Computer Industry Almanac
2.3.5 Internet bandwidth speed Average speed
2.3.6 High-tech exports (%) Percentage of manufactured exports
Fa c t o r I I I : Fu t u re R e a d i n e s s
3.1 Adaptive attitudes
3.1.1 E-Participation Use of online services that facilitate public’s interaction with government
3.1.2 Internet retailing US$ Per ‘000 People
3.1.3 Tablet possession % households
3.1.4 Smartphone possession % households
3.1.5 [S] Attitudes toward globalization Attitudes toward globalization are generally positive in your society
3.2 Business agility
3.2.1 [S] Opportunities and threats Companies are very good at responding quickly to opportunities and threats
3.2.2 World robots distribution Percentage share of world robots
3.2.3 [S] Agility of companies Companies are agile
3.2.4 [S] Use of big data and analytics Companies are very good at using big data and analytics to support decision-making
3.2.5 [S] Knowledge transfer Knowledge transfer is highly developed between companies and universities
3.2.6 Entrepreneurial fear of failure % indicating that fear of failure would prevent them from setting up a business
3.3 IT integration
3.3.1 E-Government Provision of online government services to promote access and inclusion of citizens
3.3.2 [S] Public-private partnerships Public and private sector ventures are supporting technological development
3.3.3 [S] Cyber security Cyber security is being adequately addressed by corporations
3.3.4 Sofware piracy % of unlicensed software installation
Notes and Sources by Cr iter ia
The source of the survey criteria is always :
IMD World Competitiveness Center’s Executive Opinion Survey 2020.
Which was conducted from mid-February to early May 2020, with a total number of 5'866 respondents.
Standard notes used in the data tables

When statistical data is not available or is too out-dated to be relevant for a particular economy, the name appears at the
bottom of the statistical table and a dash is shown. When the data is older than the reference year, the year of the data is
shown next to the criterion value.
Exchange Rate As most data are expressed in U.S. dollars, you will find the exchange rates used at the beginning
of the Statistical Tables. The sources for the Exchange Rates are International Financial Statistics
Online March 2020 (IMF) and national sources.

Per capita For all information presented “per capita” the sources for the population are Passport GMID
(Euromonitor) and national sources.
% of GDP For all information presented as a “percentage of GDP” the sources for GDP are the OECD
Main Economic Indicators April 2020 and national sources.
[B] GDP per capita (US$ per capita)

OECD (2020), Main Economic Indicators - complete database
National sources
Provisional data or estimates for most recent year. Malaysia: Data 2017 & 2018: Preliminary; Data 2019 is sum of 4 quarters.
[B] Population - market size (Estimates in millions)

UNDP Human Development Report 2019
Mid-year estimates. Croatia: new census in 2011 with a new methodology.India: break in series in 2011. Jordan: series have been
revised according to the the new Population and Housing Census published in 2016: end of year population for 2019. Portugal:
methodological change in 2011. Russia: including Crimea as of 2015. UAE: re-estimation of the national population was made by the
National Bureau of Statistics in 2010 (consequent increase as of 2008). Lithuania: break in series 2011 - census revised population
figure downwards by 10% (emigration to EU over past decade). Philippines: Latest available census data is for 2010. 2011-2015
figures are projections based on PSA’s annual Philippines in Figures publication.
Factor 1: Knowledge
1.1 Talent
1.1.1 Educational assessment PISA - Math (PISA survey of 15-year olds)

PISA 2018 (OECD)
http://www.oecd.org/pisa/
The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a regular survey of 15-year olds which assesses aspects
of their preparedness for adult life. PISA selects a sample of students that represents the full population of 15-year-old students in
each participating country or education system, in both public and private schools. Mathematical literacy: an individual’s capacity to
identify and understand the role that mathematics plays in the world, to make well-founded judgments and to use and engage with
mathematics in ways that meet the needs of that individual’s life as a constructive, concerned and reflective citizen. Scientific literacy:
an individual’s scientific knowledge and use of that knowledge to identify questions, to acquire new knowledge, to explain scientific
phenomena, and to draw evidence based conclusions about science-related issues, understanding of the characteristic features
of science as a form of human knowledge and enquiry, awareness of how science and technology shape our material, intellectual,
and cultural environments, and willingness to engage in science-related issues, and with the ideas of science, as a reflective citizen.
Hong Kong (China), Netherlands, Portugal and United States: Data did not meet the PISA technical standards but were accepted as
largely comparable. China: limited regions (B-S-J-Z); the municipalities of Beijing and Shanghai and the provinces of Jiangsu and
Zhejiang participated.
1.1.6 Net flow of international students (Tertiary-level international students inbound minus students outbound (per
1000 people))
UNESCO http://stats.uis.unesco.org
Net flow of internationally mobile students (inbound from abroad studying in a given country minus outbound from a given country),
both sexes, in tertiary education. Data can refer to the school or financial year prior or after the reference year.
1.2 Training & education
1.2.2 Total public expenditure on education (Percentage of GDP)

Eurostat April 2020
National sources
Total general (local, regional and central) government expenditure in educational institutions (current and capital). It excludes
transfers to private entities such as subsidies to households and students, but includes expenditure funded by transfers from
international sources to government. It includes pre-primary, primary, secondary all levels and tertiary public institutions. Chile and
Jordan: Budgetary central government. Philippines: Includes expenditure for items other than basic and higher education such as
vocational education, culture and sports.
1.2.3 Higher education achievement (Percentage of population that has attained at least tertiary education for persons
25-34)
OECD Education at a Glance 2019
National sources
Percentage of the population aged 25-34 that has attained tertiary-type B and tertiary-type A and advance research programs.
Tertiary-type A education covers more theoretical programs that give access to advanced research programs and to professions with
high general skills requirements. Tertiary-type B education covers more practical or occupationally specific programs that provide
participants with a qualification of immediate relevance to the labor market. Hong Kong: Figures starting from 2012 exclude post-
secondary diploma or certificate and exclude foreign domestic helpers. New-Zealand and Slovenia: break in series. Peru: Tertiary
education type A refers to University tertiary level and terciary education type B refers to Non-university tertiary level; for 25 years and
more. Singapore: proportion of resident non-students aged 25-34 years with polytechnic, professional qualification or other diploma,
or university qualification. Japan: Data for tertiary education include upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary programmes
(less than 5% of adults are in this group).
1.2.4 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) (Number of pupils per teacher)

National sources
Average number of pupils per teacher at a given level of education, based on headcounts of both pupils and teachers. Tertiary
education (ISCED levels 5 to 8). Tertiary education builds on secondary education, providing learning activities in specialised fields
of education. It aims at learning at a high level of complexity and specialisation. Tertiary education includes what is commonly
understood as academic education but also includes advanced vocational or professional education. Australia, Czech Republic,
Estonia, Greece and Ireland: based on full-time equivalents. Philippines: Academic Year 2017-2018 data. Data includes students and
faculty from both public and private tertiary educational institutions.
1.2.5 Graduates in Sciences (% of graduates in ICT, Engineering, Math & Natural Sciences)
UNESCO
National sources
Share of graduates in Natural Sciences; Mathematics and Statistics; Information and Communication technologies; Engineering,
manufacturing and construction. In tertiary education (ISCED2011 levels 5 to 8), both sexes (%). Philippines: Academic Year 2017-
2018 data..
1.2.6 Women with degrees (Share of women who have a degree in the population 25-65)
Educational attainment in tertiary education of 25-64 year-old females expressed as a percentage of the female population 25-64.
In most countries data refer to ISCED 2011 (codes 5/6/7/8). Japan: includes data from another category. Kazakhstan: Proportion of
women aged 24-44 who have received tertiary education.
1.3.1 Total expenditure on R&D (%) (Percentage of GDP)

OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators
National sources
National estimates, projections or provisional data for the most recent year. Chile, Denmark, France, Japan, Korea, Netherlands,
Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden: break in series. Hungary (up to 2003), Israel: defense excluded(all or mostly). Indonesia:
Estimate based on target GERD by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Sweden: underestimated or based on underestimated
data. USA: excludes most or all capital expenditure.
1.3.2 Total R&D personnel per capita (Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people)
OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators
National sources
National estimates, projections or provisional data for most recent year. Czech Republic, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, Korea,
Mexico, Netherlands, Hungary, Japan, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden and Taiwan: break in series. United Kingdom: underestimated or
based on underestimated data. Jordan, Philippines: based on headcount, not FTE.
1.3.3 Female researchers (% of total (headcount FT&PT))

UNESCO
Female researchers (headcount) who are mainly or partially employed in R&D. This includes staff employed both full-time and part-
time. Expressed as a percentage of the total workforce (male + female)
1.3.4 R&D productivity by publication (No. of scientific articles over R&D expenditure (as % GDP))
NSF Science & Engineering Indicators 2020
Courtesy: National Science Foundation
National sources
The indicator is calculated as a ratio between the number of scientific articles by author’s origin and the total expenditure in R&D
as % GDP, which clearly include the input costs to produce research (e.g. researchers’ salaries, equipement etc.). The result gives
therefore the number of scientific articles published every year for a one percent (of GDP) expenditure in R&D activities. This measure
can be consider as a proxy to assess the efficiency (or productivity) in producing high-level scientific research at country level.
1.3.5 Scientific and technical employment (% of total employment)

Business Monitor International
Eurostat
OECD
Scientific and technical employment as a % of total employment. Defined as formal employment within the ‘scientific and technical’
sector. For more information, refer to NACE2 category M (or equivalent).
1.3.6 High-tech patent grants (% of all patents granted by applicant’s origin (average 2014-2016))
WIPO Statistics Database
http://www.wipo.int/ipstats/en/statistics/patents/
TIPO for Taiwan
High-Tech patent grants as a percentage of total patent grants (Direct and PCT national phase entries) by applicant’s origin. Three
year average to reduce volatility. Counts are based on the grant date. Country of origin refers to the country of residency of the first-
named applicant in the application. Taiwan: data compiled by TIPO using data supplied by international patent offices (USPTO, JPO,
EPO, KIPO, SIPO).
1.3.7 Robots in Education and R&D (number of robots)

World Robotics 2019
International Federation of Robotics (IFR)
Industrial robot as defined by ISO 8373:2012: an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable
in three or more axes, which can be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.
The primary source is data on robot installations by country, industry and application that nearly all industrial robot suppliers worldwide
report to the IFR Statistical Department directly. Several national robot associations collect data on their national robot markets and
provide their results as secondary data to the IFR. This data is used to validate and complete the IFR primary data.
IFR Statistical Departments estimates the operational stock assuming an average service life of 12 years with an immediate
withdrawal from service afterwards.
Factor 2: Technology
2.1 Regulatory framework
2.1.1 Starting a business (Distance to Frontier)

Doing Business 2020 - World Bank
The distance to frontier score aids in assessing the absolute level of regulatory performance and how it improves over time. This
measure shows the distance of each economy to the “frontier,” which represents the best performance observed on each of the
indicators across all economies in the Doing Business sample since 2005. This allows users both to see the gap between a particular
economy’s performance and the best performance at any point in time and to assess the absolute change in the economy’s regulatory
environment over time as measured by Doing Business. An economy’s distance to frontier is reflected on a scale from 0 to 100, where
0 represents the lowest performance and 100 represents the frontier. For example, a score of 75 in DB 2016 means an economy was
25 percentage points away from the frontier constructed from the best performances across all economies and across time. A score
of 80 in DB 2017 would indicate the economy is improving. In this way the distance to frontier measure complements the annual ease
of doing business ranking, which compares economies with one another at a point in time.
2.1.2 Enforcing contracts (Distance to Frontier)

Doing Business 2020 - World Bank
The distance to frontier score aids in assessing the absolute level of regulatory performance and how it improves over time. This
measure shows the distance of each economy to the “frontier,” which represents the best performance observed on each of the
indicators across all economies in the Doing Business sample since 2005. This allows users both to see the gap between a particular
economy’s performance and the best performance at any point in time and to assess the absolute change in the economy’s regulatory
environment over time as measured by Doing Business. An economy’s distance to frontier is reflected on a scale from 0 to 100, where
0 represents the lowest performance and 100 represents the frontier. For example, a score of 75 in DB 2016 means an economy was
25 percentage points away from the frontier constructed from the best performances across all economies and across time. A score
of 80 in DB 2017 would indicate the economy is improving. In this way the distance to frontier measure complements the annual ease
of doing business ranking, which compares economies with one another at a point in time.
2.2 Capital
2.2.1 IT & media stock market capitalization (% of total stock market capitalization)
Thomson One Banker
Thomson Data Stream
Datastream Telecom, Media and IT (TMT) Market Value in national currency. Calculated as a percentage of Datastream Total Market
Value in national currency. Figures for close-of-business on the 29th March each year.
2.2.4 Country credit rating (Index (0-60) of three country credit ratings: Fitch, Moody’s and S&P)
Fitch, Moody’s and S&P
IMD WCC created index of the three country credit ratings Fitch, Moody’s and S&P. Each rating, including the outlook, is converted
to a numerical score from 20-0 and totalled for each country.
2.2.6 Investment in Telecommunications (Percentage of GDP)

Passport GMID
Source: © Euromonitor International 2020
National sources
Investment refers to as the annual capital expenditure; this is the gross annual investment in telecom (including fixed, mobile and other
services) for acquiring property and network. The term investment means the expenditure associated with acquiring the ownership of
property (including intellectual and non-tangible property such as computer software) and plant. This includes expenditure on initial
installations and on additions to existing installations where the usage is expected to be over an extended period of time. Note that
this applies to telecom services that are available to the public, and exclude investment in telecom software or equipment for private
use.
2.3 Technological framework
2.3.2 Mobile Broadband subscribers (3G & 4G market, % of mobile market)

Business Monitor International
Total active mobile 3G and 4G subscriptions, excluding broadband connections on dedicated data SIM cards or USB dongles. Data
given as a percentage of the total mobile market.
2.3.3 Wireless broadband (Penetration rate (per 100 people))
Passport GMID
The penetration rates of wireless broadband is calculated by dividing the number of Wireless Broadband subscribers by the total
population and multiplying by 100. Wireless-broadband subscriptions refer to the sum of satellite broadband, terrestrial fixed wireless
broadband and active mobile-broadband subscriptions to the public Internet. The indicator refers to total active wireless-broadband
Internet subscriptions using satellite, terrestrial fixed wireless or terrestrial mobile connections. Broadband subscriptions are those
with an advertised download speed of at least 256 kbit/s. In the case of mobile-broadband, only active subscriptions are included
(those with at least one access to the Internet in the last three months or with a dedicated data plan). The service can be standalone
with a data card, or an add-on service to a voice plan. The indicator does not cover fixed (wired)-broadband or Wi-Fi subscriptions.
Both residential and business subscriptions should be included.
2.3.4 Internet users (Number of internet users per 1000 people/ Source: Computer Industry Almanac )
Computer Industry Almanac Inc. April 2018
National sources
2.3.5 Internet bandwidth speed (Average speed)

M-Labs / cable.co.uk
Ookla
Akamai
OpenSignal
Average connection speed in Mbps: data transfer rates for Internet access by end-users.
Values presented are an average compiled from four different sources: M-Labs / cablie.co.uk; Ookla; Akamai; and OpenSignal.
2.3.6 High-tech exports (%) (Percentage of manufactured exports)

The World Bank (Development Data Group)
http://databank.worldbank.org
National sources
High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific
instruments, and electrical machinery.
Factor 3: Future readiness
Adaptive attitudes
3.1.1 E-Participation (Use of online services that facilitate public’s interaction with government)
UN E-Government Knowledge Database
The e-participation index (EPI) measures the use of online services to facilitate provision of information by governments to citizens
(“e-information sharing”), interaction with stakeholders (“e-consultation”), and engagement in decision-making processes (“e-decision
making”).
“
3.1.2 Internet retailing (US$ Per ‘000 People)
Passport GMID
Retail Value excluding sales tax
3.1.3 Tablet possession (% households)

Passport GMID
Percentage of households having at least one item. Portable, usually battery-powered, and very thin personal computer contained
with a touchscreen panel.
3.1.4 Smartphone possession (% households)

Passport GMID
Percentage of households having at least one item. A smartphone is a cellular telephone with an integrated computer and other
features not originally associated with telephones, such as an operating system, Web browsing, music and movie player, camera and
camcorder, GPS navigation, voice dictation for messaging, the ability to run software applications, etc.
Business agility
3.2.2 World robots distribution (Percentage share of world robots)

World Robotics 2019
International Federation of Robotics (IFR)
Industrial robot as defined by ISO 8373:2012: an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable
in three or more axes, which can be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.
The primary source is data on robot installations by country, industry and application that nearly all industrial robot suppliers worldwide
report to the IFR Statistical Department directly. Several national robot associations collect data on their national robot markets and
provide their results as secondary data to the IFR. This data is used to validate and complete the IFR primary data.
IFR Statistical Departments estimates the operational stock assuming an average service life of 12 years with an immediate
withdrawal from service afterwards.
3.2.6 Entrepreneurial fear of failure

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor https://www.gemconsortium.org/data
Percentage of 18-64 population perceiving good opportunities to start a business who indicate that fear of failure would prevent them
from setting up a business.
IT integration
3.3.1 E-Government (Provision of online government services to promote access and inclusion of citizens)
UN E-Government Knowledge Database
The E-Government Development Index presents the state of E-Government Development of the United Nations Member States.
Along with an assessment of the website development patterns in a country, the E-Government Development index incorporates the
access characteristics, such as the infrastructure and educational levels, to reflect how a country is using information technologies
to promote access and inclusion of its people. The EGDI is a composite measure of three important dimensions of e-government,
namely: provision of online services, telecommunication connectivity and human capacity.
3.3.4 Sofware piracy (% of unlicensed software installation)

BSA Global Software Survey
The BSA Global Software Survey calculates unlicensed installations of software that runs on PCs — including desktops, laptops, and
ultra-portables, such as netbooks. A key component of the BSA Global Software Survey is a global survey of more than 20,000 home
and enterprise PC users, conducted by IDC. In addition, a parallel survey was carried out among 2,200 IT managers in 22 countries.
Please consult the original report for a more detailed explanation of the methodology.
Index to Cr iter ia
The first number indicates the Competitiveness Factor, the second number indicates the sub-factor and the third number
indicates the criterion number.
A
Agility of companies...........................................................................................................................................3.2.1-3.2.3
Attitudes toward globalization..................................................................................................................................... 3.1.5
B
Banking and financial services....................................................................................................................................2.2.3
Big data.......................................................................................................................................................................3.2.4
Broadband........................................................................................................................................................ 2.3.2-2.3.3
C
Capital...............................................................................................................................................................2.2.1-2.2.6
City, management....................................................................................................................................................... 1.1.4
Communications technology.......................................................................................................................................2.3.1
Company agility.................................................................................................................................................3.2.1-3.2.3
Computer penetration.........................................................................................................................................3.1.1-3.1.5
Cyber security.............................................................................................................................................................3.3.3
Credit Rating...............................................................................................................................................................2.2.4
D
Degrees,............................................................................................................................................................1.2.5-1.2.6
Digital/Technological skills.......................................................................................................................................... 1.1.5
E
Education........................................................................................................................................................... 1.2.1-1.2.6
Educational assessment PISA - Math..........................................................................................................................1.1.1
E-Government............................................................................................................................................................3.3.1
Employee training....................................................................................................................................................... 1.2.1
Enforcing contracts..................................................................................................................................................... 2.1.2
Entrepreneurship (fear of failure).................................................................................................................................3.2.6
E-Participation............................................................................................................................................................ 3.1.1
Exports, High-tech......................................................................................................................................................2.3.6
F
Fear of failure (entrepreneurship)................................................................................................................................3.2.6
Female researchers....................................................................................................................................................1.3.3
Foreign highly-skilled personnel................................................................................................................................. 1.1.3
Funding for technological development...................................................................................................................... 2.2.2
G
Globalization, attitudes towards.................................................................................................................................. 3.1.5
Graduates in Sciences................................................................................................................................................1.2.5
H
Higher education achievement....................................................................................................................................1.2.3
High-tech exports (%).................................................................................................................................................2.3.6
High-tech patent grants...............................................................................................................................................1.3.6
I
Immigration laws......................................................................................................................................................... 2.1.3
Innovative firms.......................................................................................................................................................... 3.2.2
Intellectual property rights.......................................................................................................................................... 2.1.6
International experience............................................................................................................................................. 1.1.2
Internet............................................................................................................................................................. 2.3.1-2.3-6
Internet bandwidth speed............................................................................................................................................2.3.5
Internet retailing.......................................................................................................................................................... 3.1.2
Internet users..............................................................................................................................................................2.3.4
Investment.........................................................................................................................................................2.2.1-2.2.6
Investment in Telecommunications.............................................................................................................................2.2.6
Investment risk............................................................................................................................................................2.2.4
IT & media stock market capitalization........................................................................................................................2.2.1
IT penetration......................................................................................................................................................3.1.1-3.1.5
IT, digital skills............................................................................................................................................................. 1.1.5
K-L
Knowledge transfer.....................................................................................................................................................3.2.5
Legislation..........................................................................................................................................................2.1.1-2.1.6
M
Management of cities.................................................................................................................................................. 1.1.4
Mobile Broadband subscribers...................................................................................................................................2.3.2
N-O
Net flow of international students................................................................................................................................ 1.1.6
Opportunities and threats...........................................................................................................................................3.2.1
P
Piracy..........................................................................................................................................................................3.3.4
Public-private partnerships.........................................................................................................................................3.3.2
Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education)........................................................................................................................1.2.4
R
R&D .................................................................................................................................................................. 1.3.1-1.3.6
R&D productivity.........................................................................................................................................................1.3.4
Regulations.........................................................................................................................................................2.1.1-2.1.6
Robotics............................................................................................................................................................ 1.3.7, 3.2.2
S
Scientific and technical employment...........................................................................................................................1.3.5
Scientific research legislation..................................................................................................................................... 2.1.5
Skills.........................................................................................................................................................1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.5
Smartphone possession............................................................................................................................................. 3.1.4
Sofware piracy............................................................................................................................................................3.3.4
Starting a business..................................................................................................................................................... 2.1.1
T
Tablet possession....................................................................................................................................................... 3.1.3
Talent........................................................................................................................................................1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.5
Technological regulation............................................................................................................................................. 2.1.4
Technology....................................................................................................................................................... 2.3.1-2.3-6
Total expenditure on R&D (%)..................................................................................................................................... 1.3.1
Total public expenditure on education.........................................................................................................................1.2.2
Total R&D personnel per capita..................................................................................................................................1.3.2
Training....................................................................................................................................................................... 1.2.1
U-V
Use of big data and analytics......................................................................................................................................3.2.4
Venture capital............................................................................................................................................................2.2.5
W
Wireless broadband....................................................................................................................................................2.3.3
Women with degrees..................................................................................................................................................1.2.6
About the Institute for Management Development (IMD)
IMD is an independent academic institution with Swiss roots and global

reach, founded almost 75 years ago by business leaders for business
leaders. Since its creation, IMD has been a pioneering force in developing
leaders who transform organizations and contribute to society.
Based in Lausanne (Switzerland) and Singapore, IMD has been ranked

in the Top 3 of the FT’s annual Executive Education Global Ranking for
the last nine consecutive years and in the top five for 17 consecutive
years. Our MBA and EMBA programs have repeatedly been singled out
among the best in Europe and the world.
We believe that this consistency at the forefront of our industry is

grounded in IMD’s unique approach to creating “Real Learning. Real
Impact”. Led by an expert and diverse faculty, we strive to be the trusted
learning partner of choice for ambitious individuals and organizations
worldwide. Challenging what is and inspiring what could be.
www.imd.org
IMD, IMD INTERNATIONAL, REAL LEARNING. REAL IMPACT, IMD BUSINESS SCHOOL and IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARBOOK are trademarks of IMD- International Institute for Management Development

Imd World Digital Competitiveness RANKING 2020: About The Institute For Management Development (IMD)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Imd World Digital Competitiveness RANKING 2020: About The Institute For Management Development (IMD)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Imd World Digital Competitiveness RANKING 2020: About The Institute For Management Development (IMD)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IMD WORLD

Professor Arturo Bris Dr Christos Cabolis

The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2020

User’s Guide to the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking�����������������������������������������������������������������������14

Trends in the World Digital Competitiveness Ranking, 2020������������������������������������������������������������������������������18

The 2020 IMD World Competitiveness Rankings : Selected Breakdowns ���������������������������������������������������������32

• Competitiveness Special Reports

The IMD World Competitiveness Center team:

Research Program on Economic Development and Dr. Alicia Caballero, Dean

Federation of Austrian Industries, Vienna Dr. Christian Helmenstein, Chief Economist

FEB - Federation of Enterprises in Belgium, Brussels Christophe Ernaelsteen, Conseiller

Universidad de Chile Dr. Enrique Manzur, Vice Dean

National Planning Department Luis Alberto Rodríguez, Director, National Department of

National Competitiveness Council Ivica Mudrinic, President

Economics Research Centre, University of Cyprus Sofronis Clerides, Professor of Economics

Cyprus Employers and Industrialists Federation (OEB) Antonis Frangoudis

Consumer Forum (Spotřebitelské fórum) Dr. Kryštof Kruliš

Confederation of Danish Industry Allan Sørensen, Chief analyst

Estonian Institute of Economic Research (EKI) Ms. Marje Josing, Director

ETLA Economic Research Ville Kaitila, Researcher

Business France, Paris Ms. Sylvie Montout, Chief Economist

Hong Kong SAR

ICEG European Center, Budapest Ms. Renata Anna Jaksa, Director

Icelandic Chamber of Commerce, Reykjavik Mr. Konrad S. Gudjonsson, Chief Economist

NuPMK Consullting, Jakarta Ms. Tini Moeis, Managing Director

IDA Ireland Karen Law

CONFINDUSTRIA, Economic Research Department, Rome Dr. Alessandro Fontana, Economist

Ministry of planning and International Cooperation Zeina Toukan, Secretary General

The Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry Ethan Cho, Manager

Enterprise Lithuania Vytautas Adomaitis, Regulatory Affairs Officer

Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers Mr. Thomas Grosfeld

Kerridge & Partners, Auckland Mr Peter Kerridge, Partner

CENTRUM PUCP Mrs. Beatrice Avolio, Head of the Graduate Business

SGH Warsaw School of Economics Prof. Marzenna Weresa

Porto Business School, University of Porto, Porto Prof. Daniel Bessa

CIT-IRECSON Center of Technological Information, Mr. Bogdan Ciocanel, PhD, Director

Singapore Business Federation Ms. Cheryl Kong, Assistant Executive Director

Economics Division, Ministry of Trade and Industry,

F.A.Hayek foundation, Bratislava Martin Reguli, Project Manager

Productivity SA Mr Mothunye Mothiba, CEO

National Development Council, Taipei Mr. Cheng, Cheng-Mount, Deputy Minister

United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Federal Competitiveness & Statistics Authority (FCSA),

International Management Institute (MIM-Kyiv) Dr. Iryna Tykhomyrova, President

The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking

The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking

Selected breakdowns of the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking

In addition to global digital rankings, other rankings

Digital Competitiveness Factor Rankings

The global rankings for each of the Digital KNOWLEDGE

Competitiveness Factors are then shown as individual 0

ranking tables. Again, the economies are ranked from 92.031

the most to the least digital competitive and the previous

year’s rankings (2019) are shown in brackets. Similar to 85.380

the Overall Digital Ranking, the values or “scores” are

indicated for each Factor. However, there is only one 81.028

economy that has a score of 100 and one economy with

a score of 0 across all four Factors. 77.848

This section presents the overall rankings and the 5-year

The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2020

User’s Guide to the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking��14

Trends in the World Digital Competitiveness Ranking, 2020��18

The 2020 IMD World Competitiveness Rankings : Selected Breakdowns ��32