Road 20 Sitio Siwang Road, Nagtinig, Barangay San Juan, Taytay, Rizal

NAME:___________________________________________________________
GRADE & SECTION:_________________________________________________
SUBJECT INSTRUCTOR: MR. ANGELO M. LLENES, LPT____________
 CHAPTER 3:
VISUAL ARTS
 LESSON
PHOTOGRAPHY
4

The goal of some artists, as you have seen, is to create lifelike pictures. In the
early 1800s, a device was perfected that made that goal easier than ever to achieve. The
artwork in Figure 1 was created using this new "medium." The work is, of course, a
photograph.

In this lesson you will learn about the history and art of photography. You will also
meet several artists who brought this art form to previously unimagined heights. You will
discover that not all of them have shared the artistic goal of imitating life.

Figure 1: Eliot Porter. Sunrise on

River: Navajo Creek

OBJECTIVES

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Define photography.
2. Design and create a photo essay.
3. Analyze ways that international, historical, and political issues influenced photography.

LESSON PROPER

THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY

Today, we take for granted knowing what people in the news look like. That has not always been the case. Two
centuries ago, people had no easy access to images of news makers or even celebrities. Such images are available to us
today thanks to photography.

WHAT IS PHOTOGRAPHY?

Photography is the art of making images using light and other principles of science. The word photography, which
is Greek, means "drawing with light". The chief tool used in the art of photography is the camera.
 Camera is a dark box with a hole controlling how much light enters. Up until the late twentieth century, all modern
cameras used film to record images. The arrival of the digital camera in the 1980s revolutionized picture taking. A digital
camera contains a tiny scanner, which converts visual information into computer-coded form. Film is not needed. The image
may be transferred to a computer and edited using computer software.

While today’s generation is continuously evolving, so is photography. Because of the invention of computer and the
later time, smartphones, which has a built-in camera in it, people can now easily be a not so true-photographer in their own
little ways. Smartphone is a mobile device that performs many functions of a computer, typically having a touchscreen
interface, internet access, and an operating system capable of running downloaded applications.

There is no doubt that mobile phones have changed quite a lot over a relatively short period of time from what they
used to be. When the first camera on a cell phone was introduced back in the early 2000s, nobody could have ever imagined
how much that technology would evolve and almost become the focal point of every new smartphone.

THE ORIGINS OF PHOTOGRAPHY

Like every invention, photography was a collaborative effort, involving

many individuals. The idea of capturing an image using light dates to the ancient
Phoenicians. During the 1500s, the first device capable of achieving this effect
was invented. That device was the camera obscura, a forerunner of the modern
camera. This was a simple box with a pinhole on one side. On the opposite side
was a glass screen. Light coming through the pinhole projected an image onto the
glass screen. (See Figure 2.) By 1800, scientists had refined the idea behind the
camera obscura. These refinements led to two almost simultaneous Figure 2: the term Camera Obscura means
breakthroughs. "dark room" in Latin.

One was by French theatrical designer Louis Jacques Mandé

Daguerre (loo-we-zhahk-mon-day duh-gehr), and his partner, Joseph
Niépce (zhoh-zef nee-ehp-seh), a scientist. Their invention, the
daguerreotype (duh-gehr-uh-typ), was an image made on copper
plates coated with highly polished silver. Figure 3 shows a
daguerreotype. Notice how grainy the subjects appear.

Figure 3: Unknown French Artist. Street FLutists.

The other breakthrough was made by English scientist William Henry Fox Talbot. His contribution, the calotype,
was the result of a process he termed photogenic drawing. This was the process of coating a sheet of drawing paper with
silver chloride. The paper was then placed inside a camera obscura. The main difference between the calotype and
daguerreotype was that Talbot's process produced a negative. This is a reverse image of the object photographed. Film
negatives are used to this day in photo processing.

Commercial Photography
By the mid-1800s, photography had come a long way. It was becoming increasingly common for newspapers to
include photographs in their stories. The new field of photojournalism had been born. Photojournalism is reporting a news
event mainly or totally through photographic images.
 One of the first photojournalists is the man whose work appears in Figure 4. His name was Mathew Brady. This
photo is one of many Brady took during the Civil War. Figure 5 is a work by another pioneering photojournalist, Dorothea
Lange.

Lange worked during the era of the Great lowing Depression. This was the period following the stock market crash
of 1929. Many Americans lost their jobs; some were forced from their homes. Look closely at this photo. It shows a gaunt
prairie woman in a dress made of burlap sacks. Words alone can't capture the sense of loss or uncertainty conveyed by
this image.

Figure 4: Mathew Brady. Civil War. Figure 5: Dorothea Lange. Woman

of the High Plains, Texas
Panhandle.

Photography as Art
Not all early photographers were content merely to record events with their cameras. Some chose to photograph
whatever captured their interest, to explore photography's potential as art. They took the time and care to compose their
pictures, much like painters

Two of the most important early photo artists were contemporaries of Dorothea Lange. Both were based in New
York City, which served as a backdrop for their work. Their names were Berenice Abbott and Alfred Stieglitz. Figure 6 shows
one of Abbott's many shots of New York. The work depicts a store-lined street in the shadows of an elevated train trestle.
Notice the pattern of contrasting light and dark shapes created by the sun filtering through the wooden slats.

In the twentieth century, artists broadened the horizons of photography as art. Look at the work in Figure 7 by British
artist David Hockney. Notice that this is not a single photograph. Rather, it is a photo collage made up of many shots taken
during a trip in California’s Pear blossom Highway. Hockney reassembled the photos to create a new art form. The work
almost resembles a Cubist painting. What comment do you think the artist was trying to make by including images of litter
in this artwork? What mood or feeling does this artwork convey?

Figure 6: Berenice Abbott. "El" Figure 7: David Hockney. Pear blossom Highway
Second and Third Avenue Lines;
Bowery and Division Street,
Manhattan
 PHOTO ESSAY

Look closely at the six faces in Figure 8. What is unusual about these
photographs? Describe the texture you see and the range of values used.
Brazilian-born artist Vik Muniz created these images for his photographic series
Sugar Children

Muniz used the children of sugarcane workers as his models. He had

met them while visiting the island of St. Kitts in the Caribbean. Each image was
made by carefully sprinkling granulated sugar on black paper. Muniz then
photographed each image, and wiped the black paper clean to begin his next
"drawing.

Photo essays are used to tell a specific story. They often include more
than one image so that the story can be told clearly. Figure 8: Vik Muniz. Sugar Children

 PHOTOGRAMS

The artwork shown in Figure 9 is an example of cyanotype (sy-an-oh-

typ). This is a photograph process using images in tints and tones of blues.
Notice how the plant image I white, and the negative space surrounding it is
blue. Note also how the rounded leaf at the top appears almost to be “see-
through”. The leaf is translucent. This means light is able to pass through. One
variant of cyanotype photograph is called photogram. This is an image made
using precoated paper that detects the presence of ultraviolet light.

Figure 9: Anna Atkins and Anne Dixon. Pink

Lady's Slipper

 HAND-COLORED PHOTOGRAPHY

The hand coloring of photographs began during the first half of the
twentieth century. Its purpose was to make black-and-white photographs more
interesting. Jessica Hines is a postmodern photographer who has turned to old
techniques to create new and interesting works. Look at the photograph in figure
10. Hines has used a variety of techniques to change the look of her hang-
colored photograph. After shooting a roll of film, she choose one negative from
which to create the initial print. Next, she altered the look of the print by exposing
it to chemical toners. Finally she used semitransparent paints to add to her work.

Figure 10: Jessica Hines. Dream Series

 SMARTPHONE PHOTOGRAPHY

The rise of smartphones paved a way to what may have called mobile photography. Mobile Photography refers to
art of capturing images using a mobile device, particularly a smartphone. The term “mobile photographer” mostly applies to
smartphone photography hobbyist and people who take mobile photography a bit more seriously as an art-form more than
the average person does.

Thanks to computational photography and other technological advancements, smartphone cameras are now more
than capable of producing images comparable to those of some digital cameras. This has no doubt, increased the popularity
of smartphone photography.
 But just as owning a DSLR camera and taking family holiday photos doesn't make one a photographer, simply
taking pictures with a smartphone or other mobile device does not necessarily make one a "true" mobile photographer.

The evolution of photography to mobile photography

In order to appreciate mobile photography and what it is today, you need to look at what photography was like in
the past and how smartphones and mobile devices have simplified it for the masses.

Looking at the developments in the field of photography, it was inevitable that mobile photography would come into
existence.

 Film Cameras
Back in the day, cameras worked on the basis of exposing
chemically treated strips of film to light that passed through the lens of
the camera. It was quite an involved process and it was not cheap. If
you didn't know what you were doing, you wouldn't be able to capture
and develop your own photos.

The cameras were also quite big. As a result, not many people
owned cameras and/or had dark rooms to develop photos. Cameras
and photography were just for the very few who could afford it or had
Figure 11: Camera Obscura the skills and resources to pursue it.

And even when film camera technology improved and the

cameras became smaller and popular among consumers, very few
people had the facilities and/or skills to develop their own pictures. You
had to pay someone to do that for you.

You'd have to wait for days to get your photos. Also, they'd
see all your photos. So, absolutely no privacy there (unless you had a
Polaroid camera).

Figure 12: Film Camera

 Digital cameras
When digital cameras came into the scene, things changed.
You no longer had to wait for days to have your pictures developed in
a dark room only to discover that your pictures look like utter crap. You
could now take pictures and immediately view them on your camera's
LCD screen.

Not only that, but you also were no longer limited to a finite
number of pictures you could take by the number of available frames
on your film reel. You were only limited by the amount of space you
had on your memory card. And if you wanted to, you could delete
unwanted pictures on the spot to create more space.

You could then transfer your photographs to a personal

computer for storage or some editing if you had the software and the
skills to do so. Figure 13: Digital Camera
 This was a much easier and user friendly option for anyone to capture and share their photos than ever before. More
and more families had digital cameras although they were usually limited to one or two per family.

 Smartphone cameras

And then smartphones came and turned everything on its head. The technology behind smartphones made it possible
to do everything all on one device. On traditional cameras, filters had to be physically attached to the camera. Now you
could digitally add them with a few simple taps on the screen.

Gone are the days when you had to upload your pictures to a computer and be some sort of Photoshop whizkid to able
to touch up and edit your pictures. Now, there are hundreds of apps available for smartphones that make it easy for anybody
to manipulate their photographs in any way they wish.

And forget about going to a friend's house to flip through a photo album of their recent vacation over tea and scones.
The rise of social media brought about a platform that allowed people to share and distribute their pictures with friends and
family (and strangers, too!) near and far with greater ease.

Mobile cameras have made what was once an expensive art form easily accessible to the masses.

Figure 14: Smartphone

LESSON
ARCHITECTURE
5
You will notice many kinds of buildings, whether you live in a town or
a city. Do you live in a house? An apartment building? No matter how you
answer this question, your home is a product of an area of art known as
architecture. The same is true of the building on the left (Figure 15). Do you
know what type of structure this is or what function it serves?
The answers to these and other questions lie in the pages ahead.
There you will learn about and glimpse other examples of architecture, past
and present.

Figure 15: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame,

Cleveland, Ohio. 1998
 OBJECTIVES

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Define architecture and explain what architects do.

2. Describe four main uses of architecture.
3. Explain how architects use floor plans.
4. Use traditional and experimental techniques to design a floor plan for a shopping mall.

LESSON PROPER

THE ART OF ARCHITECTURE

Since the dawn of civilization, people have needed a place to live. For the first humans, shelter came ready-made,
in the form of caves. Later generations began to recognize that caves were sometimes inconvenient. Reaching water or
food sources may have required a long journey. To remedy this problem, these people began building their own shelters
from local materials. The art of architecture was born.

In this lesson you will look at the many uses of architecture. In later lessons you will try out some of the methods
architects use in their work.

WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?
Architecture is the art of planning and creating buildings. An artist who plans and creates buildings is known as an
architect.

Architecture is considered both a fine art and an applied art. Like painters and sculptors, architects use line, color,
shape, form, space, and texture. Like craftspeople, architects make works that are functional. They incorporate design into
artworks for use in everyday life.

USES OF ARCHITECTURE
The first architectural works were dwellings, or homes. Providing people with shelter and privacy has been a key
objective of architects ever since. It has not, however, been the sole objective. More recently, architects have been called
upon to provide other types of structures. These have included structures for prayer, business, affairs of government, and
recreation.

 Structures for Prayer

Structures designed to be used for prayer include temples, churches, synagogues (sin-uh-gogz), and
mosques. Among the earliest temples were those built by the ancient Greeks. One of these appears in Figure 16.
 This famous temple is the Parthenon, in Athens. Temples like this were built as houses for the gods. Only
priests and a few helpers were allowed inside. Everyone else prayed in front of the temple. For this reason Greek
temples did not have to be large or provide areas for seats. Instead, Greek architects concentrated on making the
temples perfectly proportioned.

In Europe in the 1200s and 1300s, large churches known as cathedrals were built. Figure 17 shows one
of the most famous, and largest, cathedrals ever built. It is the Cathedral (Duomo, in Italian) of Milan. This huge,
white marble structure, begun in 1386, rises 350 feet into the air. With a base of 14,000 Square yards, the structure
accommodates 40,000 worshipers.

The mosque in Figure 18 was built in the early 1600s. This structure, found in the city of Istanbul, Turkey,
was built for the Sultan Ahmet (ah-met) I. Its architect, Mehmet Aga (meh-met ah-guh), is considered the greatest
architect of the early Ottoman Empire. Notice how the rhythmic repetition of domes carries your eye upward to the
spires. The pointed towers on this perfectly symmetrical building are called minarets. These are structures from
which the faithful are called to prayer each day.

Figure 16: West Facade of Parthenon Temple. Figure 17: Cathedral of Milan. Milan, Italy. Figure 18: Mehmet Aga. Blue Mosque.
Acropolis, Athens, Greece. Begun 447 B.C Begun 1386 Istanbul, Turkey. 1609-1616

 Structures for Business and Government

As civilization grew, cities were built. Along with them came new types
of buildings. Banks and schools were designed. Government buildings were
constructed. An example of this latter type of building is shown in Figure 19.
Do you recognize this building? It is the U.S. Capitol. It is home to our country's
Congress in Washington, D.C. The Capitol was built in the mid-1800s, during
the Lincoln administration. What feeling do you think the architect intended?
In our own time, buildings used for business have taken a new direction-up.
Figure 19: United States Capitol, Washington, Strong metals such as steel have allowed architects to use space efficiently.
D.C. Charles Bulfinch and Benjamin Henry The modern sky scraper can be found in major cities throughout the world.
Latrobe. 1793-1830

 Structures for Recreation

Even in ancient times people needed a break from routine now and
then. This need was met as it still is today by leisure-time activities, including
sports. Figure 20 shows one of the first sports stadiums. This is the
Colosseum, built by the Romans in the first century. This building is an
example of an architectural form known as an amphitheater (am-fuh-thee-uh-
tuhr.) This is a circular or oval building with seats rising around an open space.
The Colosseum had seating for 50,000 people Do you know how this number
Figure 20: Colosseum. Rome. A.D 72-80 compares with seating capacity in stadiums today?
 Sports arenas, of course, are not the only kinds of buildings designed for recreation. Concert halls and
theaters are two others. A third type may be seen in Figure 15, which opened this lesson. This structure, the Rock
and Roll Hall of Fame, was designed by award-winning Chinese architect I. M. Pei. Does the structure strike you
as playful? That is precisely the response Pei was hoping to generate. The sloping glass atrium on the right side of
the building illuminates exhibits with natural daylight. What adjectives would you use to describe this modern
design?

THE CHALLENGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Like other applied artists, architects are faced with a double challenge. That challenge is creating works that are
both useful and pleasing to the eye. Since architecture is so much a part of everyday life, the search for new solutions is
never-ending. These solutions show up not only in new styles but also in new and exciting building materials. Take a close
look at buildings going up in your town or city. There you are likely to see how architects combine a knowledge of engineering
with an understanding of design to create buildings that are both attractive and functional.

LESSON
FILM, VIDEO AND DIGITAL ART
6
Four centuries ago, the English poet John Donne wrote that no person "is an island." What he meant is that people
need each other and influence one another. As you have seen throughout this program, artists are no exception. Each
generation learns from and builds on the work of those who came before.

For proof, examine the image in Figure 21. This image represents an art medium that did not exist until the late
1900s. Do you know what art medium was used to make this image? Do you know what this type of artwork is called? After
reading this chapter, you will.

OBJECTIVES

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Tell how movies are made.

2. Analyze ways in which electronic media and technologies have
influenced art.
3. Examine how computerized animation is used in motion pictures

Figure 21: Robert Silvers. Based

on Vincent Van Gogh's Self-
Portrait. 1889
 LESSON PROPER

THE ART OF MOTION PICTURES AND VIDEO

Most artists work on their creations in art studios. These rooms often have large windows to let in plenty of daylight.
Over the last few decades, another type of artist's studio has come into existence. In such studios, the pictures that are
made give the illusion of real motion. Instead of canvas or other conventional art media, these artists use celluloid film. They
are known as filmmakers. In this lesson you will learn about the work they do.

THE BEGINNINGS OF FILM

Still photographs, trace their roots to the Renaissance during the 1500s. Artists back then knew of and used the
camera obscura to practice perspective. The art of photography became widespread in the 1900s. Creative inventors have
taken the picture-making process an additional step, which ushered in the twentieth century. The result of this step is the
motion picture. This is a series of photographs of a moving subject taken a very short time apart and flashed onto a screen.
When projected in this fashion, the image appears to be moving.

Making Films

Every commercial motion picture, or movie, is the combined effort of hundreds of people. The three most
important of those people are:

 The director. The director is the single most important person in the making of a movie. The director is
the person in charge of shooting the film and guiding the actors. He or she also helps with the script. The
director's main job is deciding how every scene should be photographed. To get just the right look, a director
may shoot the same scene dozens of times.
 The producer. The producer is the person in charge of the business end of making a movie. The producer
is the person who finds the story and hires the director. He or she also figures out how much money it will
cost to make the movie. Some producers take part in selecting actors and in writing the script.
 The cinematographer. The cinematographer (sin-uh-muh-tahg-ruh-fuhr) is the person in charge of
running the camera or cameras. Like other artists, cinematographers are trained in using light and color.

Before filming, or shooting, the director and cinematographer will go over the script together. They will
discuss the different camera angles and techniques for shooting each scene.

The Art of Film

The very first films made were silent. Since these films used no words, strong dramatic acting was required.
They could be shown to audiences around the world. The arrival of sound in the late 1920s opened up new doors
to filmmakers. It also closed doors to actors whose voices did not sound right.

One of the most inventive motion pictures ever made was Citizen Kane. Orson Welles's use of camera
angles and editing were highly praised and are still imitated today. It, like many old classics, was made before color
entered the motion picture industry.
 The next advance in film, color, made possible the first colored
film classics. These were movies such as The Adventures of Robin
Hood and The Wizard of Oz.

The films of today, of course, use dazzling effects the earliest

filmmakers probably never dreamed of. Computers and other high-tech
equipment have allowed directors to create "the impossible". (See
Figure 21.) One can only guess what astonishing screen images
tomorrow's breakthroughs will bring.
Figure 21: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. Courtesy
Warner Brothers, 2002

Video Art
Film changed the way artists looked at – and recorded – the world. More recently, newer technologies have had a
similar impact on artists and their work. One such technology is videotape. First developed for the television industry in the
1960s, videotape allows instant playback of moving images. In the decades since its arrival, videotape found its way into
artworks including the one shown in Figure 22. This unusual work is by Korean-born American artist Nam June Paik. Like
many of his works, this one includes many television monitors playing at once.

Multimedia Art
Video technology has also given rise to an art form known as multimedia art. This is art that simultaneously uses
several different electronic media. One popular form of multimedia art is the music video. This is a medium that combines
musical cuts from compact discs with video accompaniment. What other multimedia art forms can you think of?

Figure 23: Nam June Paik. Video Flag. 1958-96.

THE ART OF DIGITAL MEDIA

Another technological advance that has opened new doors for artists is the digital computer. This invention of the
twentieth century redefined the way people work and communicate. It has also had an enormous impact on the art world.

The computer has given artists a new set of virtual tools in the form of software. It has also inspired the development
of other art tools, such as the digital camera and scanner. In this lesson, you will examine the kinds of artworks created
using these devices.
THE HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
The first computers were introduced in the 1950s. These were room-sized machines. Only a handful of technicians
with special training had access to them or knew how to use them.

Then, in the early 1970s, personal computers, or PCs, were introduced to the public. Computers were now small
and inexpensive enough to be a fixture in the home or office. The computer revolution was under way!

The Origin of Computer Art

Computers can only handle visual images in terms of numerical values that describe them. This is
accomplished by digitizing. Digitizing is a method of defining the location of points and lines in space by numerical
values. The earliest computerized art consisted of simple digitized photographs (see Figure 24). Digitized pictures
required a camera and computer hooked together with special cables. The resulting pictures were generally black
and white, because color printers were not yet available. The resolution, or sharpness, of the image was determined
by the number of dots in the output image. The more dots used, the longer an image took to process.

Digitizing involved a very basic computer program. The first true art software packages emerged in the
1980s. Artists were at last able to create images directly on the computer using on-screen tools. These early
programs, which are still in use, belong to one of two categories of image creation and manipulation software:

 Paint programs. Such programs create bitmaps, which result in arrangements of tiny dots similar
to those used in digitized photographs. The difference, however, is that these images are now
created directly on the computer. An example of a computer painting appears in Figure 25.

 Draw programs. Such programs create vector-based images, pictures based on complex
mathematical formulas.

Paint and Draw programs each have strengths and weaknesses not found in the other. Pictures made in
Draw programs, for example, can be enlarged indefinitely without distortion. Pictures made in Paint programs
cannot. By the same token, pictures made in Paint programs can achieve near photo quality. Those made in Draw
programs are more cartoonlike.

Recent Developments in Hardware and Software

Recent technology has ushered in a host of new digital art tools. Digital cameras and scanners have led to
the creation of photo manipulations. The artwork that opened this chapter (Figure 21) also exemplifies the
capabilities available to the digital artist in the twenty-first century. The artist, Robert Silvers, calls these original
creations Photomosaics. Like tile mosaics, the image is composed of small squares. Unlike a tile mosaic, each
square contains a tiny reproduction of a photograph. Can you make out the content of any of these miniature
photos?

Figure 24: Pete Serna. Fruit Bowl. 1960. Figure 25: Ellen Kemper. Brickwork
Digitized Photograph Bonzo. 1987. Adobe Photoshop
Painting
COMPUTERIZED ANIMATION
The art of animation-bringing cartoon figures to life-dates to the early 1900s. The art of computerized animation is
a relatively recent development. The image in Figure 26 is a "still," or frozen image, from one such animation. This particular
still is from the movie Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers. Do you know this figure?

COMPUTERIZED 3-D ANIMATION

Computer animation uses specialized computer software known as 3-D rendering software. This type of program
involves a multistep process. The first step is modeling figures and objects. As in conventional modeling, the digital sculptor
uses sculpting tools to mold forms. A major difference is that in computer modeling, the tools are on screen. While modeling
a form, the digital artist rotates the creation periodically. This permits the artist to view it from different sides and angles.

Once the form is finished, textures are applied by means of visual maps. These are mathematical formulas that
create a form-fitting "skin" for the object. Maps determine whether a form appears bumpy or smooth, shiny or dull, and so
on. Which of these texture properties do you think were "mapped onto" Figure 26?

Another step in Computer animation is frame development. Like any movie, an animation is made up of a series of
frames. The illusion of movement is created by changing a form's frame to-frame location.

The screen shot in Figure 27 shows a behind-the-scenes glimpse at a single frame. Notice that the object appears
in front of three connected surfaces, or planes. Each plane has grid lines like those on graph paper. The form's precise
location in any frame is determined by a set of three mathematical coordinates. Notice that there is one coordinate for each
dimension. Side-to-side movement is measured along the X axis. Up-and-down motion is computed along the Y axis, front-
to-back on the Z axis.

Figure 27: Sample Frame in Animation

Figure 26: Lord of the Rings: The Two
Towers. Courtesy Warner Brothers,
2003
 POST ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY # 1: PHOTO ESSAY (PHOTOGRAPHY)

Photo essay is very simply a collection of images that are placed in a specific order to tell the progression of events,
emotions, and concepts. Used by world class photojournalists such as Lauren Greenfield and James Nachtwey, and
Joachim Ladefoged to name a few, the photo essay takes the same story telling techniques as a normal essay, translated
into visual images.

WHAT YOU WILL LEARN

You will select and use a variety of appropriate art materials and tools when producing a biographical photo essay
using traditional methods. You will use no less than five photographs to tell a story about one person. Select either color or
black-and-white photos to tell your story. Give your essay variety and visual interest by how you arrange your photographs.
You will use either formal or informal balance in your composition. Unify your photographs by cropping and arranging them
on a single color background. Your photo essay will incorporate clues about historical and cultural contexts.

WHAT YOU WILL NEED

 Sketch Board (12 x 18 inches)  Phone Camera

 Pencil  Scissors
 Ruler  White Glue
 Eraser

WHAT YOU WILL DO

1. Ask a friend or relative to serve as the subject for your photo essay. Explain to that person that your photo essay
will tell a story of some aspect of their life. Discuss with your subject what story you could tell about them, writing
notes in your sketchbook. Discuss different poses and expressions he or she can make to convey meaning.

2. Have your model demonstrate different poses as you choose an angle from which to take each photograph.
Decide if photographing from above or below eye level will add interest to the photo. Will you take photographs of
items and environments without your model? This may provide clues about historical and cultural contexts.

3. Photograph your subject using your phone. Compose each photograph to capture the exact expressions,
gestures, and poses needed to complete the story.

4. Lay out the developed photographs and select the best ones. Choose no less than five that tell a story about
your subject.

5. Print your chosen 5 photographs.

6. Arrange your photographs on a sheet of sketch board you have. You may want to cut or crop your photographs.
By overlapping, placement, and cropping, you can create variety and visual interest. Carefully glue the photographs
in place.

7. Exhibit your photo essay along within those created by your classmates.
ACTIVITY # 2: DRAWING FLOOR PLANS (ARCHITECTURE)

Architects work with and design space. In every instance, their designs must take into account the needs and
desires of the people who will use the space. A critical step in designing any structure, therefore, is preparing a detailed
floor plan. A floor plan is a diagram, drawn to scale, of a room or building as seen from above. A floor plan shows the
location, size, and shape of rooms. It also pinpoints such features as corridors, windows, doors, and stairs. Another step in
the planning process is presenting a sketch of the building's exterior.

Imagine that your community is planning to build a new shopping mall. You are the architect selected by community
leaders to design this new mall. They have asked you to design a unique structure that will provide enough space inside for
businesses and shoppers to move about freely. They also want a large parking area for mall visitors. Most important, they
want the mall to be an inviting, convenient, and pleasant place for people to shop.

WHAT YOU WILL LEARN

You will select and use a variety of art materials and tools to produce an architectural drawing in traditional and
experimental ways. You will design a floor plan for a one story shopping mall. Your mall will have one department store, ten
smaller shops, and two restaurants. The department store should be emphasized as the most prominent place of business
in the mall. Divide the space in your mall so that large and small shops are created. Your mall will have a wide, roomy,
public walkway linking the different stores, and a large parking lot.

WHAT YOU WILL NEED

 Sketch Board (12 x 18 inches)  Ruler

 Pencil  Eraser

WHAT YOU WILL DO

1. Using pencil, ruler, and sketch paper, experiment by creating different possibilities for floor plans. A large
department store will be the focal point of the mall. Decide what kinds of businesses you will have among the ten
shops. Decide which businesses will be next to each other along the walkway. Decide whether either or both of the
restaurants will serve fast food. Decide how much floor space each business will need. Provide a large parking lot.
Use the foot as a unit of measurement. Develop a scale for your design, such as 1/4 inch equals 1 foot.

2. Add colors to your work by utilizing any coloring medium (color pencils, color pens, water color paints, poster
paints, etc.) and neatly label each store. Label the walkway and parking area.

3. Show where the entrance to the mall will be. Add any details that will be used as decoration.

4. Display your floor plan in a class exhibition.

Sample Student Artwork: Photo Essay Sample Student Artwork: Floor Plan
Part A. IDENTIFICATION:

Direction: Identify what is being asked for in each of the following items. Look for the answers in the answer pool
given below. Write your answers on the underline provided beside the numbers

CAMERA PHOTOGRAM DAGUERREOTYPE

PHOTOGRAPHY DIGITAL CAMERA PHOTOJOURNALISM

NEGATIVE TRANSLUCENT PHOTOGENIC DRAWING

_______________________1. A term that means light is able to pass through.

_______________________2. The art of making images using light and other principles of science.

_______________________3. Reverse image of the object photographed.

_______________________4. A device containing a tiny scanner, which Converts visual information into computer- coded
form.

_______________________5. An image made using precoated paper that detects the presence of ultraviolet light.

_______________________6. Reporting a news event mainly or totally through photographic images.

_______________________7. A dark box with a hole controlling how much light enters.

_______________________8. An image made on copper plates coated with highly polished silver.

_______________________9. The process of coating a sheet of drawing paper with silver chloride to produce a calotype

Part B. IDENTIFICATION:

Direction: Identify what is being asked for in each of the following items. Look for the answers in the answer pool
given below. Write your answers on the underline provided beside the numbers

AMPHITHEATER ARCHITECT ELEVATION

FAÇADE ARCHITECTURE FLOOR PLAN

CATHEDRALS COLUMNS MINARETS

VANISHING POINTS DWELLINGS

_______________________1. Large churches.

_______________________2. The art of planning and creating buildings.

_______________________3. A drawing of an outside view of a building.

_______________________4. An artist who plans and creates buildings.

_______________________5. Homes.

_______________________6. Imaginary points at the horizon.

_______________________7. Vertical posts that rise to support another structure.

_______________________8. Structures from which the faithful are called to prayer each day.

_______________________9. A circular or oval building with seats rising around an open space.

_______________________10. A diagram, drawn to scale, of a room or building as seen from above.

_______________________11. The front of a building.

Part C. IDENTIFICATION:

Direction: Identify what is being asked for in each of the following items. Look for the answers in the answer pool
given below. Write your answers on the underline provided beside the numbers

CINEMATOGRAPHER DIGITIZING

DIRECTOR MOTION PICTURE

MULTIMEDIA ART PRODUCER

_______________________1. A series of photographs of a moving subject taken a very short time apart and flashed onto
a screen.

_______________________2. The person in charge of the business end of making a movie.

_______________________3. Art that simultaneously uses several different electronic media.

_______________________4. The person in charge of running the camera in the filming of a movie.

_______________________5. A method of defining the location of points and lines in space by numerical values.

_______________________6. The person in charge of shooting a film and guiding the actors.