Analytical Chemistry Laboratory: Qualitative Analysis & Metal Flame Emission Lab Report

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS & METAL FLAME EMISSION

LAB REPORT
Course Coordinator: Dr.Lecturer Handan Ertürk

Teaching Assistants: Merve Yurdakul, Hatice Kübra Kara
Students:
Elmas Nur EKMEKÇİBAŞI 182010010022
Serhat Burak KARASAKAL 182010010007
Lulu Abdiaziz HASSAN 182010010101
Date of Report Delivery:
31 March 2021
INTRODUCTION
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
Qualitative analysis is the main part of chemical analysis in chemistry. It gives an idea
about the quality of the chemical compound. It is used to examine what elements or
compounds a substance consists of. It determines the chemical properties or chemical
components of the substance being analyzed.
 By making use of the solubility and color differences of the precipitates formed at the
end of the reaction,
 Taking advantage of the color differences displayed by some ions in the burner flame,
 By making use of the formation of colored soluble complex ions at the end of the
reaction,
 By taking advantage of the oxidation and reduction properties of ions during the
reaction qualitative analysis is done.
HYPOTESIS:
Qualitative inorganic analysis is a method of analytical chemistry that seeks to find
the elemental composition of inorganic compounds. It is mainly focused on detecting ions in
an aqueous solution. The solution is treated with various reagents to test for reactions
characteristic of certain ions, which may cause color change, solid forming, and other visible
changes.
PURPOSE:
The purpose of qualitative analysis is to determine the composition or to identify the
components or elements in an unknown sample. The basis of qualitative analysis is that after
the substance under investigation is brought into solution, this solution is reacted with various
reagents and the components of the unknown substance are determined by making use of the
properties of these reactions.
Cations are generally divided into five groups. Each cation has its own characteristic
reaction. A solution is processed with various reagents to test for the presence of specific
ions. Cations are divided into groups according to the solubility of the cation salts they form.
Later, the cations in this group are dealt with separately. Separation of cations into groups in
this way is done by systematic qualitative analysis. In this grouping, it is benefited from the
different solubilities of the compounds made by the cations with chlorides, sulfur, hydroxide,
carbonates and phosphates. Here each group has a common reagent that can be used to
separate them from solution.
METAL FLAME EMISSION
INTRODUCTION
When heated strongly, different metal ions produce different flame colours. When ions are
heated at high temperatures, some electrons absorb enough energy to allow them to get to
higher energy levels. The element is now known to be in an ‘excited state’ as the
configuration is now unstable. However, as the electrons fall to their normal energy levels
due to instability, the energy that was absorbed is emitted as electromagnetic energy and can
be seen in the form of light, therefore elements can be identified from the light produced.
Using flame tests, unknown metal ions can be tested and depending on the flame colour
produced, can be identified.
OBJECTIVES
 To perform flame tests of metal cations in order to observe their characteristic colors,
 To perform calculations to determine the frequency and energy of the emitted
photons.
 To relate these results to the types of electronic transitions occurring in these
elements.
 To observe and understand line emission spectra of atoms using gas-discharge tubes.
 To practice writing electron configurations for these (and other) elements.
PURPOSE
The purpose is to observe the characteristic colors produced by certain metallic ions when
vaporized in a flame and then to identify an unknown metallic ion by means of its flame test.
Procedure: Light the Bunsen burner and adjust it so that it has a hot blue flame.
Flame tests can be used to identify some metal ions (cations).

Lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and copper compounds produce
distinctive colours in flame tests:
• lithium compounds result in a crimson flame
• sodium compounds result in a yellow flame
• potassium compounds result in a lilac flame
• calcium compounds result in an orange-red flame
• copper compounds result in a green flam
REFERENCES:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/qualitative-chemical-analysis/
(fotoğrafın linki)
https://www.jove.com/science-education/11421/qualitative-analysis
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/qualitative-chemical-analysis/
http://www.kimyaevi.org/TR/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?
F6E10F8892433CFF8007620E7D5602E8005C764B55B5ADC3
https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Ge
neral_Chemistry_Labs/Online_Chemistry_Lab_Manual/Chem_9_Exper
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/chemistry/flame-emission-spectroscopy.php
https://mychem.co.uk/index.php/resourcelist/resources/organic-chemistry/flame-emission
(fotoğrafın linki)

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS & METAL FLAME EMISSION

Course Coordinator: Dr.Lecturer Handan Ertürk

Flame tests can be used to identify some metal ions (cations).

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