19bec028 Exp1

NIRMA UNIVERSITY
School of Technology, Institute of Technology

Electronics & Communication Engineering Department
B. Tech. Semester-IV (Even Academic Year 2020-21)
2EC402: Analog Circuits
INDEX
Name of Student: Dhvanil Chauhan
Roll No: 19BEC028
SR No Title Date of Date of Signature Marks
Experiment Submission
Week 1 Discussion on Lab Rules, Instructions, and demonstration of Digital Storage Oscilloscope
and Analog Discovery Kit.
1. Differential Amplifier using Bipolar /10
Junction Transistor.
2. Measurements of Electrical
Parameters Measurements for IC /10
µA741.
3. Audio Amplifier using Open loop
and closed loop configuration of /10
OPAMP IC µA741.
4. Mathematical Operations using /10
OPAMP IC µA741
5. Temperature to voltage converter /10
using Instrumentation Amplifier
6. Audio frequency filter using /10
OPAMP IC µA741
7. High-Speed Low Noise Comparator /10
8. RC Phase Shift Oscillator Using /10

OPAMP IC µA741
9. Digital to Analog Converter using /10
OPAMP IC µA741
10. IC555 Timer as Multivibrator /10
11. Innovative Project Development /20

using Analog ICs
Total /120
Experiment No. 1 Date: 19/01/2021
Aim: Differential Amplifier using Bipolar Junction Transistor
Objectives:
1. To Design a differential amplifier for given specifications.
2. To measure operating point and small-signal parameters of the differential amplifier
and compare it with the theoretical calculation.
3. To measure differential-mode gain 𝐴d, common-mode gain 𝐴c and common-
mode rejection ratio CMRR of the differential amplifier.
4. To measure the percentage of noise and optimize the Common Mode Rejection Ratio.
Pre-Lab Quiz:
1. Calculate the operating point of the single-stage amplifier with the following
specifications: Vcc=+12V, Current Gain=100. RB=10k, VBE=0.7V. RC=4.7k,
RE=6.8kΩ (Hand calculation)
Reference Book:
1. Sendra and Smith-Microelectronics Circuits, Theory and Applications, 7th Edition.
Theoretical Calculations:
Design Specifications: Calculations:
RC = 4.7k; RE = 6.8k IE, IC, VCE1, VCE2
VBE = 0.7V Ad Acm and CMRR
VCC = 15V IE = VEE – VBE/2RE = 15V-0.7V/6.8Kohm = 2.1 mA

VEE = -15V
Vc1 = Vc2 = Vcc – Ie1*Rc = 15 – (1.05m)(4.7k) = 10.06V Vce =
Vcc – Ic*Rc + Vbe = 15 – (1.05m)(4.7k) + 0.7 = 10.765V
Practical Circuit Diagram:
Requirements:
Select the necessary equipment/apparatus/components required for this experiment and list all
of them in below-given space:
Name of Range/Value/Specification Justification of the selection of

Equipment/Components each component/equipment
Voltage sources Vin1 and Vin2 values as per For supply
given in observation table
Vcc &Vee (DC) 10V each.
Transistors NPN, Gain =100 Used as an Amplifier
Resistors (4.7k, 5k, 100k) Ω For limiting the flow of

current
Probes - For measuring current and
voltage
Procedure & Observation:

1. Construct the circuit, measured the quiescent points (no AC signal applied) by connecting both
bases to ground. Measure the DC values of (𝑉𝑐1, 𝑉𝑐2, 𝑉𝐸, 𝐼𝐵1, 𝐼𝐵2, 𝐼𝐸1, 𝐼𝐸2, 𝐼𝐸)
DC Values Vc V VE IB1 IB2 IE1 IE2 IE

1 c
2
Measured 10.13V 10.13V -776.1mV 10.35uA 10.35uA 1.04mA 1.04mA 2.09mA

Calculated 10.06V 10.06V -0.72 mV 10.39uA 10.39uA 1.05mA 1.05mA 2.1mA
2. Connect the Analog Discovery Kit as Input source as Vin1 and Vin2.
• Single and Dual input mode:
Vin1 Vin2 Vo1 Vo2 V0=|V01-V02| Differenti Common CMRR

(mV) (mV) (V) (V) (V) al Gain Mode (dB)
(V0/Vid) Gain
100 200 9.21 9.42 0.204
100 100 0.068 0.068 0 2.046 0.01 46.23
30 20 1.80 1.76 0.013
20 20 0.013 0.013 0
3. Calculate the amount of noise in terms of percentage for the measured value of CMRR.
1
Noise %=[1 + ( ) 𝑉𝑐𝑚/𝑉𝑖𝑑]= 1.02%
CMRR
4. Optimize the value of CMRR using matching of components values.

Optimize CMRR= 199.49
Post Lab Quiz:

Plot Voltage Transfer Characteristics of Differential Amplifier in Multisim Software and
attached simulation results.
C onclusion:
In this experiment we learned to design a differential amplifier. We

also measured differential-mode gain, common- mode gain, and
CMRR of the differential amplifier. We also got to know that CMRR
of differential amplifier should be high and the output voltage of
common mode amplifier is not zero practically. We also learned
how to plot Voltage Transfer Characteristics of Differential
Amplifier.

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NIRMA UNIVERSITY

School of Technology, Institute of Technology

8. RC Phase Shift Oscillator Using /10

11. Innovative Project Development /20

Aim: Differential Amplifier using Bipolar Junction Transistor

1. Sendra and Smith-Microelectronics Circuits, Theory and Applications, 7th Edition.

VCC = 15V IE = VEE – VBE/2RE = 15V-0.7V/6.8Kohm = 2.1 mA

Name of Range/Value/Specification Justification of the selection of

Resistors (4.7k, 5k, 100k) Ω For limiting the flow of

Procedure & Observation:

DC Values Vc V VE IB1 IB2 IE1 IE2 IE

Measured 10.13V 10.13V -776.1mV 10.35uA 10.35uA 1.04mA 1.04mA 2.09mA

Vin1 Vin2 Vo1 Vo2 V0=|V01-V02| Differenti Common CMRR

4. Optimize the value of CMRR using matching of components values.

Post Lab Quiz:

In this experiment we learned to design a differential amplifier. We

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