Electronic Circuits Analysis Lab Manual

MADANAPALLE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS ANALYSIS LABORATORY MANUAL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JULY 2012

Lab Incharge

Head of the Department

Dept of ECE

Electronic Circuits Analysis Lab Manual

MADANAPALLE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

MITS LAB WISE-LABMANAUALS

MITS / ECE DEPARTMENT : ECE

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY MANUAL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JULY 2012 -2013

Dept of ECE

Electronic Circuits Analysis Lab Manual

INDEX
S.NO NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT PAGE NO

SOFT WARE:
1. COMMON EMITTER AMPLIFIER 2. COMMON SOURCE AMPLIFIER 3. TWO STAGE RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER 4. CURRENT SHUNT FEED BACK AMPLIFIER 5. WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR USING TRANSISTORS 6. RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR 7. CLASS A AND CLASS AB POWER AMPLIFIERS 8. HIGH FREQUENCY COMMON BASE AMPLIFIER 4 7 10 14 17 19 22 28

HARD WARE:
9. TWO STAGE RC COUPLED AMPLIFER 10. CURRENT SHUNT FEED BACK AMPLIFIER 11. CLASS A AND CLASS AB POWER AMPLIFIERS 12. SINGLE TUNED VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER 13. HARTLEY AND COLPITTS OSCILLATORS 14. MOSFET AMPLIFIER 31 34 37 41 43 45

ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS:
15. SERIES VOLTAGE REGULATOR 16. SHUNTVOLTAGE REGULATOR 48 50

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1.COMMON EMITTER AMPLIFIER AIM: a)To design CE single stage amplifier with potential divider circuit using NPN Transistor 2N2923 for the specifications : IC= 3 mA, Vce = 10v, = 190, & IR1 = 32IB . b) To observe dc operating point, frequency response, & C.R.O waveforms using MULTISIM software.

APPARATUS: - Multisim Soft ware. DESIGN PROCEDURE: Vcc= Select Vre Vce
Select Vre = 5v Re=Vre/Ic Vrc= Vcc-VCE-VRE Rc=VRC/Ic IB=Ic/ IR1=32IB IR2=IR1-IB VB=VBE+VRE R2=VB/IR2 R1= (VCC-VB)/IR1

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:1. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using DC operating point analysis (simulate----analysis ---- DC operating point)

2. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using AC analysis (Simulate ---- analysis ----- AC analysis) 3.Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using oscilloscope

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EXPECTED WAVEFORMS:

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2.COMMON SOURCE AMPLIFIER AIM: a) To design a single stage FET Common Source amplifier with potential divider circuit using 2n4861 FET-N channel for the following specifications: VDD = 24V,ID = 1ma,VGS=2V,VPMAX =13V,RL=1K. b) To observe dc operating point, frequency response, & C.R.O waveforms. APPARATUS: Multisim soft ware. DESIGN PROCEDURE: VDSmin = Vpmax + 1 - VGS VS=VRD= (VDD - VDS)/2 RD=RS= VRD/ID VG=VR2=VS-VGS SELECT R2 = 1M R1=(VR1 * R2)/VR2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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PROCEDURE:- 1. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using DC operating point analysis (simulate----analysis ---- DC operating point) 2. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using AC analysis (Simulate ---- analysis ----- AC analysis) 3..Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using Oscilloscope EXPECTED WAVEFORMS:

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RESULT:

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3.TWO STAGE RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER

Q1) Design a single stage transistor amplifier with potential divider circuit (using an npn si transistors) with following specifications. IC=1.6ma,VCE=7.6v,RC=2.2k,VCC=12v, I1=10IB and =54. Verify the DC values (Voltage and current) at various nodes using Multisim software
DESIGN: IB=IC/

VCC=IC(RC+RE)+VCE ; RE=0.516k V2=VBE+ICRE ; V2= V2=I1R2 ; R2=V2/(I1=10IB) ; I1=VCC/(R1+R2) ; (R1+R2)= R1= ;

PROCEDURE: Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the

results using DC operating point analysis (simulate analysis DC operating point)

Q2) Design a single stage transistor amplifier with potential divider circuit (using an npn si transistors) with following specifications. IC=2.32ma,VCE=5.7v,RC=2.2k,VCC=12v, I1=10IB and =33. Verify the DC values (Voltage and current) at various nodes using Multisim software
DESIGN:

IB=IC/ = VCC=IC(RC+RE)+VCE ; RE=0.51k V2=VBE+ICRE ; V2=I1R2 ; R2=V2/(I1=10IB) ; I1=VCC/(R1+R2) ; (R1+R2)=

results using DC operating point analysis (simulate operating point)

analysis

DC
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Q3) Cascade above two stages and find overall gain (choose Cc=4.7f, Ce=470f, hfe=50) find the frequency response, DC operating points and parameter sweep of load resister. ANALYSIS: Stage-2: AI2= -hfe/(1+hoeRL2) ;
Ri2 = hie+hreAI2RL2 ;

Av2= -AI2*RL2/Ri2 ; Stage -1: RL1 AI1 = Ri1 = Av1 = Overall gain Av = Av1*Av2 Avs = Av*Ri/(Ri+RS) ; Ri = CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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PROCEDURE:- 1. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using DC operating point analysis (simulate----analysis ---- DC operating point) 2. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using AC analysis (Simulate ---- analysis ----- AC analysis) 3..Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using Oscilloscope
EXPECTED WAVEFORMS:

RESULT:

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4.CURRENT SHUNT FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER

current shunt feed back amplifier with a feedback resistance 5K

using transistor BC 107. Obtain DC operating point and frequency response. APPARATUS: Multisim software.

DESIGN PROCEDURE:
R I F I E R F E R E I I I I I R C2 B2 C1 AI I I I I IB1 S B2 C1 B1 S I I C2 hFE 50, C1 hFE 50 I I B2 B1 I R C2 I R CR1 C1 C1 I2 I R IB1 R hie
S

AI D 1 AI A

IF

D =
I

A
VF

V
0

I
O

R
C2

A
IF

C2

VS

IS RS

RS

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:- 1. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using DC operating point analysis (simulate----analysis ---- DC operating point) 2. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using AC analysis (Simulate ---- analysis ----- AC analysis) 3..Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using Oscilloscope

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EXPECTED WAVEFORMS:

RESULT:

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Electronic Circuits Analysis Lab Manual 5.WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR USING TRANSISTORS AIM: To study and calculate frequency of. Wein Bridge Oscillator. APPARATUS: Transistor (BC107) 2no, Resistors 10K - 4no,1K - 3no,2.2K, 33K, 6.8K, Capacitors - 10 F - 2no, 100uF, 0.01uF 2no, SDC Kit, CRO, Connecting wires. DESIGN PROCEDURE: Formula f =1/2(R1C1R2C2) Given R=10k, C=0.01uf If R1=R2 ; C1=C2 fT = 1/ 2RC CIRCUITDIAGRAM:

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Electronic Circuits Analysis Lab Manual PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram 2. Feed the output of the oscillator to a C.R.O by making adjustments in the Potentiometer connected in the +ve feedback loop, try to obtain a stable sine Wave. 3. Measure the time period of the waveform obtained on CRO. & calculate the Frequency of oscillations. 4. Repeat the procedure for different values of capacitance. MODEL WAVE FORM:

RESULT:

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Electronic Circuits Analysis Lab Manual

6.RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR AIM: a) Design RC phaseshift oscillator to have resonant frequency of 6KHz. Assume R1 = 100k, R2 = 22K, RC = 4 K ,RE =1K & VCC = 12V. b) Obtain hfe for the above designed value for AV > - 29, R 2 RC. APPARATUS: Multisim software. DESIGN PROCEDURE: A) Let R = 10K
Fr = 1 ___________

2Rc(6+4K)

WHERE K=Rc/R

B)hfe 23= 29/K for sustained oscillations

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Electronic Circuits Analysis Lab Manual

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

VCC 12V VCC R1 100kohm R3 4kohm 10 Q2 4 10uF R2 22kohm 2N2222A 11 R4 1kohm 0 100uF

C2

C1

C6

C5

C4

7
9 R7 R6 R5

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PROCEDURE: Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using Oscilloscope.

RESULT:

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7.CLASS A,AB,B,C POWER AMPLIFIERS

AIM :
To study the operation of Class A, Class AB, Class B, Class C power amplifiers. APPARATUS: Multisim soft ware.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

V2 12V R2
1kohm

R5 1kohm
47uFC2

R1 100ohm

47uF C1

R3 30kohm

XSC1

Q1 PN2369A
A B

G T

V1 50mV 35.36mV_rms 1000Hz 0Deg

R4 100ohm

THEORY: The classification of amplifiers is based on the position of the quiescent point and extent of the characteristics that is being used to determine the method of operation. There are 4 classes of operations.They are 1.Class A 2.Class AB 3.Class B 4.Class C

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CLASS A:- In class A operation the quiescent point and the input signal are such that the current in the output circuit (at the collector) flows for all times. Class A amplifier operates essentially over a linear portion of its characteristic there by giving rise to minimum of distortion . CLASS B:- In class B operation , the quiescent point is at an extreme end of the characteristic , so that under quiescent conditions the power drawn from the dc power supply is very small .If the input signal is sinusoidal, amplification takes place for only half cycle. CLASS AB:- A class AB amplifier is the one that operates between the two extremes defined for class A and Class B. Hence the output signal exists for more than 1800 of the input signal. CLASS C :- In class C operation, the quiescent operating point is chosen such that output signal (voltage or current)is zero for more than on half of the input sinusoidal signal cycle.

PROCEDURE: 1. An input sine wave (peak-peak)of 50mV is applied to the circuit. 2. connect the output to the C.R.O. 3. varying R3 value, observe and record the output waveforms for different classes of operation. 4. Also observe the Vi & Vo waveforms using parameter sweep for different classes of operation.

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OBSERVATIONS: CLASS A:

CLASS AB :
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CLASS B :

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CLASS C :

RESULT :

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8.HIGH FREQUENCY COMMON BASE AMPLIFIER AIM - Design a common Base high frequency amplifier with a over all gain of 30 and Lower cut off frequency of 130 Hz and Higher cut frequency 10 MHz . Transistor Specifications: hib = 22.6, hfb = -0.98, hrb = 2.910-4 , hob = 0.49 s, IC = 1.35ma = -IE, VCE = 5.85V, VEB = 0.6V, VCB = 5.25V. Verify the DC values (Voltage and current) at various nodes using Multisim software APPARATUS: Multisim software. DESIGN PROCEDURE: 1. DESIGN OF BIASING CIRCUIT : VBE = 0.6V, VCE = 5.85V, IC = 1.35mA = -IE VCB = 5.25V Find the value of Re : KVL to Input: Find the value of RC : KVL to Output : Vcc ICRC - VCB = 0 RC =

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2.DESIGN OF AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT : 1.To find Cb Assume Rs = 100 Calculate the value of Cb
f L=
1 _____________ 2(Rs + Ri)Cb

2. To calculate RL Av = - hfb RL/Ri Overall gain = Avs = Av * Ri/(Ri+Rs) For the above circuit Ri1=Ri = hib Avs = - hib * RL1/(Ri+Rs) ; RL1= RL// Rc

3. To Calculate Shunt Capacitance Csh fh

1 2RL C sh

The Internal junction capacitance Cbc 3pf Csh = Cbc + Csh

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
XSC1 G A B T

Rs 10
100ohm

Cb 10uF 11 12 Re 1kohm 7 VEE 2V

BC107BP

10uF Q1
Rc

Cb1 3

8 R5
15kohm

V1
10mV

5kohm 12V VCC 0 6

Csh
2pF

7.07mV_rms
1000Hz

0Deg

PROCEDURE: 1.Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using DC operating point analysis (Simulate ------Analysis------ DC operating point) 2. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using AC analysis (Simulate--- Analysis--- AC analysis)

RESULTS:

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9.TWO STAGE RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER

AIM:
1. To study the Two-stage RC coupled amplifier. 2. To measure the voltage gain of the amplifier at 1KHz. 3. To obtain the frequency response characteristic and the band width of the amplifier.

EQUIPMENT:
Two stage RC coupled amplifier, trainer. 1. Signal Generator. 2. C.R.O 3. Connecting patch cords. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

VCC 12V

R1 33kohm

RC 2.2kohm CC 15kohm

R3

R6 2.2kohm C2

C1 RG 15kohm 10uF

Q1 10uF BC107BP

Q2 10uF BC107BP

C3 OUTPUT
CE R2 RE 510ohm 10uF 10uF 2.7kohm R4 R5 1kohm

INPUT V 50mV
5.1kohm

VO

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PROCEDURE:
1.Switch ON the power supply. 2. Connect the signal generator with sine wave output 50mV p-p at the input terminals. 3. Connect the C.R.O at output terminals of the module. 4. Measure the voltage at the second stage of amplifier. 5. Now vary the input frequency from 10Hz to 1MHz in steps,and for every value of input frequency note the output voltage amplitude at constant value. 6. Calculate the gain magnitude of the amplifier using the formula Gain = Vo/Vi Gain in dB= 20 log (Vo / Vi ) 7. Plot a graph of frequency versus gain (dB) of the amplifier. Sample frequency response graph is as shown in fig. Below. OBSERVATION: Vi = 50mV(p-p) Frequency VO Gain =20 log (Vo/Vi)dB keeping the input

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FREQUENCY RESPONSE:

0.707 VO/VI Gain VO/VI

Frequency

RESULT: The gain of the amplifier at 1 KHz is -----The BW of the amplifier is -------

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10.CURRENT SHUNT FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER

AIM:
1. To study the current shunt feedback amplifier 2. To measure the voltage gain of the amplifier at 1KHz. 3. To obtain the frequency response characteristic and the band width of the amplifier.

EQUIPMENT:
Current shunt feed back amplifier trainer. 4. Signal Generator. 5. C.R.O 6. Connecting patch cords. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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PROCEDURE:
1. Switch ON the power supply. 2. Connect the signal generator with sine wave output 50mV p-p at the input terminals. 3. Connect the C.R.O at output terminals of the module. 4. Measure the voltage at the second stage of amplifier. 5. Now vary the input frequency from 10Hz to 1MHz in steps, and for each value of input frequency note the output voltage keeping the input amplitude at constant value. 6. Calculate the gain magnitude of the amplifier using the formula Gain = Vo/Vi Gain in dB= 20 log (Vo / Vi ) 7. Plot a graph of frequency versus gain (dB) of the amplifier. Sample frequency response graph is as shown in fig. Below.

OBSERVATIONS : Vi = 50mV(p-p) Frequency VO Gain =20 log (Vo/Vi)dB

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FREQUENCY RESPONSE:

RESULT: The gain of the amplifier at 1 KHz is -----The BW of the amplifier is -------

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11.CLASS A/B/C/AB POWER AMPLIFIER

AIM: To study the operation of Class A, Class B, Class AB and Class C power amplifiers. EQUIPMENT: 1.Class/A/B/C/AB amplifier trainer 2.Function generator. 3.C.R.O 4. Connecting patch cords. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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PROCEDURE: 1.Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram, and get the circuit verified by your Instructor. 2. Connect the signal generator with sine wave at 1KHz and keep the amplitude at .5V (peak-to-peak) 3. Connect the C.R.O across the output terminals. 4. Now switch ON the trainer and see that the supply LED glows. 5. Keep the potentiometer at minimum position, observe and record the waveform from the C.R.O. 6. Slowly varying the potentiometer, observe the outputs for the Class A/B/AB/C amplifiers as shown in fig. CLASS A:

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CLASS B:

CLASS AB:

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CLASS C :

RESULT:

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12.SINGLE TUNED VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER

AIM: 1.To calculate the resonant frequency of tank circuit.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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PROCEDURE:
1.Connect the circuit as shown in fig and get the circuit verified by your Instructor. 2. Connect the signal generator with sine wave at the input and keep the amplitude to minimum position, and connect a C.R.O at output terminals of the circuit. 3. Apply the amplitude between 1.6v to 4.4v to get the distortion less output sine wave. 4. Now, vary the input frequency in steps and observe and record The output voltage. 5. Calculate the gain of the tuned RF amplifier using the formula Gain = out put voltage/ input voltage. 6. plot a graph with input frequency versus gain (in dBs) Gain (in dBs) = 20 log (Vo/Vi) Graph :-

Gain

Frequency

RESULT:

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Electronic Circuits Analysis Lab Manual 13.HARTLEY AND COLPITTS OSCILLATORS AIM: To design Hartley and Colpitts Oscillators to have resonant frequency of 1KHz.

APPARATUS:
BJT(BC107),Resistors(2.2k,100k,10k,1k), Capacitors(10f,100f,0.33 f), Decade inductance box ,RPS.

EQUIPMENT: 1. SDC kit. 2. Function generator. 3. C.R.O. DESIGN PROCEDURE:

F = 1 / (2LeqC) Where Leq=L1+L2

F = 1 / (2LCeq) Where Ceq= (c1*c2) / (c1+c2) CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

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COLPITTS OSCILLATOR:

EXPECTED WAVEFORM:

RESULT:

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14.COMMON SOURCE FET AMPLIFIER AIM: 1. To obtain the frequency response of the common source FET Amplifier 2. To find the Bandwidth. APPRATUS: N-channel FET (BFW11),Resistors (6.8K, 1M, 1.5K),Capacitors (0.1F, 47F) Regulated power Supply (0-30V), Function generator, CRO,CRO probes,Bread board, Connecting wires CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. A signal of 1 KHz frequency and 50mV peak-to-peak is applied at the Input of amplifier. 3. Output is taken at drain and gain is calculated by using the expression, Av=V0/Vi 4. Voltage gain in dB is calculated by using the expression, Av=20log 10(V0/Vi) 5. Repeat the above steps for various input voltages. 6. Plot Av vs. Frequency 7. The Bandwidth of the amplifier is calculated from the graph using the Expression, Bandwidth BW=f2-f1 Where f1 is lower 3 dB frequency, f2 is upper 3 dB frequency

OBSERVATIONS:

S.NO

INPUT VOLTAGE(Vi)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE(V0)

VOLTAGE GAIN Av= (V0/Vi)

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MODEL GRAPH:

RESULT:

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15.SERIES VOLTAGE REGULATOR AIM : To study and design a Series voltage regulator and to observe the load regulation feature.

EQUIPMENT :
1. Series voltage regulated power supply trainer. 2. Multimeter.
3. Patch chords

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
3055 560E Rs Un Regulated Input VZ=12V + IR
+

+ IL

- IZ

500E

VO
50%

PROCEDURE:
1. Switch ON the power supply. 2. Observe the Unregulated voltage at the output of rectifier. 3. Connect this voltage to the input of series voltage regulator circuit. 4. Keep the load resistance 1K at constant. 5. Observe the output voltage VO = VZ-VBE

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6. And also observe the voltage across RS,and values of IR,IL and IZ. 7. Compare the practical values with theoretical values. 8. By changing the load resistance, observe the output voltage and various currents. OBSERVATIONS: RL VO IR IZ IL

LOAD REGULATION :

VO

RL

RESULT:

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16.SHUNT VOLTAGE REGULATOR

AIM : To study and design a Shunt Regulator and to observe the load regulation feature. EQUIPMENT : 1. Shunt regulated power supply trainer. 2. Multimeter. 3. Patch chords.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
RS

+
220E

+
IL 8.2V IC RL 3055 1K

Un Regulated In put

VO

50%

PROCEDURE: 1. Switch On the main power supply. 2. Observe the unregulated voltage at the output of rectifier. 3. Connect this voltage to the input of shunt Regulator circuit 4 .Keep the load resistance 1K constant.
5. Observe the output voltage across the load resistor V0 =VZ + VBE

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6. Also observe IL, IS & IC. 7. Compare the practical values with theoretical values. 8. By changing the load resistance, observe the output voltage and various currents. OBSERVATIONS: RL VO IS IC IL

LOAD REGULATION:

VO

RL RESULT:

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