Health

Quarter 3 - Module 1
DISEASE PREVENTION and CONTROL
( Communicable )
 Lesson
Discussing the Stages of
1 Infection

What I Need to Know

We always observe the signs and symptoms every time a person feel sick, in order to
prevent the spread and further developing of the infection. That person may also stay away
or isolate him/herself and better to take advice from a doctor or a physician. When a person
is sick, its severity depends upon the extent of the infection.

Infection is the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria,

viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body. An infection may cause
no symptoms and be subclinical, or it may cause symptoms and be clinically apparent.
Definition of Infection – MedicineNet www.medicinenet.com › script › main › ar

What I Know

Direction: Look at the pictures. Answer the following questions:

http:bit.ly/2HlijwC http:bit.ly/2YqzYsq

1. what do you think are the cause of the problem in the second picture?
2. What can you say about the person in the picture?
3. What does the picture show?

1
 What’s In

Activity 1: Recall the Past

Direction: Supply the missing words of the following:
1. Can you still remember the stages of human growth and development? ( )yes( )no.
2. I__c__b__t__ __n, a stage where human growth and development starts
(birth to 2yrs old).
3. 3 to 8 years old is called _____________ Childhood.
4. ____ to ____ years old is called Middle Childhood.
5. Adolescent starts from 12 years old up to ____ years old.

What’s New

In order forus to track the development of a child, we need to monitor his/her physical
progress through stages of human growth and development. By doing this, we may discover
their strength, and weaknesses. We may be able to help and guide him/her to improve more
their physical, mental, psychological, spiritual and health development.

Early monitoring of a child will help us also determine and can act early if ever there
are potential delays of a child’s development and will be given treatment and proper care
because these are very important in the development of a child.

What Is It
ACTIVITY 2: A Life – Changing Letter

Dear Students,

This life-changing letter is about the course of infection by stages. Read it carefully
and understand how infection manifests through its various stages.

When a person is sick, the first stage of infection is .It is the period starting from the
entry of the pathogen until the appearance of first sign. For example: chicken pox, it takes 2
to 3 weeks of incubation. For common cold, 1 to 2 days of incubation, influenza takes 1 to 3
days, and 15 to 18 days for mumps.

The second stage is called the prodromal stage which starts from the onset of non-
specific signs and symptoms such as fever.

2
 IIlness stage begins when more specific signs and symptoms appear. For example,
common cold is characterized by sore throat, sinus congestion, and rhinitis, mumps
manifested by earache, high fever, and salivary gland swelling.

The last stage of infection is an interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear.
The length of recovery depends on the severity of infection and the sick person’s general
state of health. Recovery may take several days to months and is called the Convalescence
stage.
By understanding the chain of infection, the sick person must intervene to prevent the
infection from developing any further. When a sick person acquires an infection, he / she
must observe signs and symptoms of infection and take appropriate actions to prevent the
spread like staying away from other people, and taking the doctor’s advice seriously.
Infection follows a progressive course as explained above. The severity of the sick person’s
illness depends on the extent of the infection, the pathogenicity of the microorganism and
susceptibility of the host.

I hope that you were able to learn something about the stages of infection.
-Michelle Ziegler, Contagions,wordpress.com

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/myrHy48ZXg7gFGeq0LTYGkCm7Le6FcKHbOh9dnxpJhnQMwL5jh3jvG
YRtFaD_0f9G24OlmatGZif7CmHuTMl2q0GKk_qenlOKkalQlz5uOVQtfFdUQU3lw

3
 What’s More

Activity 1.1 “Pick n Write “

Direction: Copy in your activity notebook the table as shown below and pick the
answers from the choices. Write the signs and symptoms under the correct stage.

Incubation Prodromal Illness Stage Convalescence

Stage Stage Stage

Choices:

Length of
recovery depends Chickenpox, 2 to 3 Common cold
on the severity of weeks Common manifested by sore
infection and the colds, 1 to 2 days Malaise, low grade throat, sinus
patient’s general Influenza, 1 to 3 days fever, fatigue congestion, rhinitis,
state of health; Mumps, 15 to 18 mumps manifested
takes several days by earache
days to months

Activity 1.2

Direction: Read the column “When this happens...” analyze if you will do or not the
statement in the column “What will I do?” put a check mark (/) on the column that
corresponds your answer.

When this happens… What will I do? Yes No

When I understood the chain I will intervene to prevent infections from
and stages of infection developing.
I will observe signs and symptoms of
When I acquire infection
infections.
When there are symptoms and I will take appropriate actions to prevent its
signs spread.
When the symptoms and signs I will see the appropriate doctor / medical
persist specialist.

1st If you checked four (4) yes, then you are really a disciplined and health conscious
student. You are ready to be a model for others to follow.

4
2nd If you checked two (2) yes, then you have to go back to where you started and
internalize or analyze what a sick person should do when he / she is infected. So that when
you are infected, you know what to do.

3rd If you checked one (1) yes, then you have to read the module again and
research on other health information to understand what to do during the course of
infection.

Source:
P.E. and Health Module 8, pages 333-334

What I Have Learned

Activity: Explain the Graph

Direction: Study the graph on page three and answer the questions below.

1. Locate where the arc starts and where it ends. Explain what it means.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. Describe the flow of the graph?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Critical Thinking

3. Is there anything we can do in the stages of infection? What do you think is the best thing
to do to in order to stop the flow of infection?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5
 What I Can Do
Activity: Draw and Label

Directions: Draw the graph of stages of infections inside the box and label it.

Stages of Infection

6
 Lesson
Analyzing the Leading Causes

2 of Morbidity and Mortality in the

Philippines

What’s In

We have learned from in lesson 1 the different stages of infection, and that most of
the leading causes of death are caused by disease / infections such as heart attack,
diabetes, acute respiratory infection and etc.

What I Need to Know

A lot of people die every day because of different reasons and causes. Some die
because of accidents, natural death and some are because of different crimes committed by
friends, enemies, even a family member out of a lot of reasons. But there are also people die
because of different diseases which some are communicable and acquired through lifestyle.

Definition of Terms

Morbidity is the condition of being diseased.

Mortality is the state of being subject to death.
Disease is a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially
one that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not
simply a direct result of physical injury.
Definitions from Oxford Languages, (google)

What I Know

Activity 1: Read between the Graphs

Direction: Think and analyze the graph that shows the leading causes of mortality
and morbidity in the Philippines.

7
Mortality: Ten (10) Leading Causes

https://www.doh.gov.ph/mortality

Morbidity: Ten (10) Leading Causes

https://www.doh.gov.ph/morbidity

8
 What’s New
ACTIVITY 2: Think and Share

Direction: Analyze the graph and write your answers on the space provided.

1. What are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality based on the graph?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What Is It
The leading causes of death are diseases of the heart, diseases of the vascular
system, pneumonias, malignant neoplasm/cancers, and all forms of tuberculosis, accidents,
COPD and allied conditions, diabetes mellitus, nephritis /nephritic syndrome and other
diseases of respiratory system. Among these diseases, six are non-communicable and four
are the major NCDs such as CVD, cancers, COPD and diabetes mellitus. www.doh.gov.ph

Mortality: Ten ( 10 ) Leading Causes by Sex ( 2015 )

RATE %
R
PER SHARE
a
CAUSE OF DEATH MALE FEMALE TOTAL 100,000 TO
n
POPU- TOTAL
k
LATION DEATHS
1 Diseases of the Heart 77,496 50,838 138,879 135.5 24.4
Diseases of tthe Vascular
2 33,807 27,281 61,196 60.6 10.9
System
3 Malignant Neoplasm 28,834 29,331 58,715 55.1 10.6
4 Pneumonia 24,603 24,992 49.595 49.1 8.8
5 Accidents 31,783 7,473 39,255 35.9 7
6 Diabetes Milletus 16,953 17,097 34,050 33.7 6.7
7 Tuberculosis (All Forms ) 18,247 7,800 25,047 25.8 4.6
Chronic Lower Respiratory
8 16,478 7,282 23,760 23.5 4.2
Diseases
Diseases Of The Digestive
9 15,524 6,831 22,465 22.2 4
System
10 Disease of the gastro-urinary 13,165 8,878 22,031 21.8 3.9
*Total deaths in 2015 580,605
https://images.gmanews.tv/webpics/2018/10/Ten_Leading_Causes_by_Sex_2018_10_31_22_54_27_1.jpg

9
 What’s More
Activity 3: Supply Me
Direction: Study the relationship between each pair of words. Complete the
Information in each succeeding pair of words.

1. Morbidity : frequency of disease

Mortality : _____________________

2. Morbidity : Acute Respiratory infection

Mortality : ______________________

3. Morbidity : Pneumonia
________: Disease for vascular system

Activity 4: Poster Making

Direction: Create a poster that will give awareness to the picture below.

https://ncdalliance.org/sites/default/files/styles/feature_1800x900/public/news/World_Diabetes_Day2017_Women
%27sDeaths.jpg?itok=fDrBbrn

10
 RUBRIC
Excellent Good Average Poor
POSTER MAKING
4 3 2 1
The poster
includes all All required All but 1 required
Several required
Required required elements are elements are
elements were
Elements elements as well included in the included in the
missing.
as additional poster. poster
information.
Students can
Students can Students can Students appear
accurately answer
accurately answer accurately answer to have
about 75% of
all questions most questions insufficient
Knowledge questions related
related to facts in related to facts in knowledge about
Gained to facts in the
the poster and the poster and the facts or
poster and
processes used to processes used to processes used in
processes used to
create the poster create the poster the poster.
create the poster
At least 7 6 - 5 accurate Less than 3
3-4 accurate facts
Content Accuracy accurate facts are facts are accurate facts are
are displayed on
displayed on the displayed on the displayed on the
the poster
poster poster poster
The poster is The poster is
The poster is
exceptionally The poster is distractingly
attractive in
Attractiveness attractive in acceptably messy or very
terms of design,
terms of design, attractive it may poorly designed.
layout and
layout and be a bit messy. It is not
neatness
neatness attractive.

What I Have Learned

Activity 5: Local Discovery

Direction: Explain briefly. Write your answers on the space provided below.

1. What are the leading causes of death and leading causes of morbidity in your locality?”

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
11
 What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 6: More Discoveries

Direction: Explain and write your answer below.

1. Why do we need to know the reasons of mortality and morbidity in our country?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

12
 Lesson Signs and Symptoms Most
3 Common Communicable
Diseases
What’s In

In our previous lesson, we discussed the leading causes of morbidity and

mortality in the Philippines. And we have learned also that in mortality, disease of the heart
is the most leading according to the graph presented. When it comes to morbidity, acute
respiratory infection is the number one out of ten different leading causes. The causes of
death statistics help health authorities determine the focus of their public health action.

What I Need to Know

In order for us to prevent the spread of communicable diseases, everyone must know
the common types of communicable diseases particularly the signs and symptoms in order
to identify the infected individual and will be given proper assistance to prevent the spread of
the disease. Some individual have less obvious signs and symptoms.

In some cases, children may not able to express their discomfort. Others, if they have
high temperature, children may express the condition of discomfort through crying, nagging,
lack of energy and sometimes loss of appetite.

What I Know
Activity 1: Say It!

Direction: Describe the following pictures and write your answers below.

1.
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
http://tiny.cc/1kzt6y 13
2.
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
http://tiny.cc/ypzt6y

What’s New
Activity 2: Scrambled Words

Direction : Arrange the scrambled letters below to reveal the words. Write your
answers on the space provided before each number.

______________________________ a. ecutarestorypirafectionin

______________________________ b. niamoneup

______________________________ c. tischibron

______________________________ d. flueniza

______________________________ e. culosistuber

______________________________ f. gueden

______________________________ g. sexllyautransttedmiseasedi

______________________________ h. VIH

______________________________ i. SDIA

What Is It
The Common Communicable Diseases, Sign and Symptoms and Effect

Pneumonia is an infection in one or both of the lungs. Many germs, such as bacteria,
viruses, and fungi, can cause pneumonia. You can also get pneumonia by inhaling a liquid

14
or chemical. People most at risk are older than 65 or younger than 2 years of age, or already
have health problems. Symptoms of pneumonia may vary from mild to severe. See your
doctor promptly if you have high fever, have shaking chills, have a cough with phlegm that
doesn’t improve or gets worse after a cold or the flu.

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your
lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up the mucus. It can also cause shortness of
breath, wheezing, a low fever, and chest tightness. There are two main types of bronchitis:
acute and chronic

Influenza commonly called the flu is a viral infection that attacks the respiratory
system. This type of flue is not the same as the stomach “flu” virus that causes diarrhea and
vomiting. Young children, older adults, pregnant women, and people who have weakened
immune system are highly susceptible to flue. Incubation period is 1-3 days. The common
signs and symptoms are fever, headache, runny nose, sore throat, cough, or other
respiratory manifestation

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that primarily is an infectious disease that

primarily affects the lungs and this condition is known as pulmonary tuberculosis. Other parts
of the body may also be affected by tuberculosis; this is known as extra pulmonary
tuberculosis. It may affect the bones, meninges, joints, genito-urinary tract, intestines, liver,
kidneys, and the heart. Signs and symptoms are cough for two weeks or more, fever, chest
or back pain not referable to other diseases, loss of weight and blood-streaked sputum.

Dengue fever is acute viral infections that affect infants, young children, and adults.
Signs and symptoms are onset of high fever which may last from 2 to 7 days Joint and
muscle pain and pain behind the eyes, weakness, skin rashes, nose bleeding when fever
starts to subside, abdominal pain, vomiting of coffee-colored matter.

AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is a chronic, sexually transmitted

disease. Acquired means that the disease is not hereditary but it develops after birth from
contact with a disease-causing agent (in this case, HIV). Immunodeficiency means that the
virus weakens the immune system, causing the body’s inability to fight diseases. Syndrome
refers to a group of symptoms that indicate or characterize a disease. Cause Human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Signs and Symptoms Early symptomatic infections are fever,
fatigue, swollen lymph nodes diarrhea, weight loss, cough, shortness of breath. Primary
infection (flu-like illness) occurs 3-6 weeks after acquiring infection in almost 50% of newly
infected people are; fever, muscle soreness, rash, headache, sore throat, mouth or genital
ulcers, swollen lymph glands, mainly on the neck, Joint pain, Night sweats, and Diarrhea.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are spread primarily from
person-to-person during sex. Causes are bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Some of the most
common infections are; Gonorrhoea (caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae), Chlamydial
infections (caused by Chlamydia trachomatis), Syphilis (caused by Treponema pallidum,
Chancroid (caused by Haemophilusducreyi), Granuloma inguinale or donovanosis (caused
by Klebsiella granulomatis, previously known as Calymmatobacteriumgranulomatis) and
AIDS (caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV), Genital herpes (caused by
Herpes simplex virus type 2), Genital warts and cervical cancer in women (caused by human

15
papilloma virus Hepatitis (caused by Hepatitis B virus); chronic cases may lead to cancer of
the liver, inflammation in the brain, the eye, and the bowel (caused by cytomegalovirus),
vaginal trichomoniasis (caused by Trichomonas vaginalis), Vaginal yeast infection or
vulvovaginitis.Signs and Symptoms Symptoms vary and some STIs exist without symptoms.
, soreness, unusual lumps or sores, itching, pain when urinating and unusual discharge
from the genitals

What’s More
Activity 3: Infection Bank

Direction: Matching Type. Match column A to column B. Write your answers on the
space before each number.

A. B.

_______1. Acute viral infection that affects infant, a. Bronchitis

young children, and adults.

_______2. It is a bacterial infection in the lungs b. Influenza

which may cause death if untreated.

_______3) It is the inflammation of the linings in c. Common cold

the bronchial tubes of the lungs.

_______4. It is a respiratory tract viral infection. d. Dengue Fever

_______5. Commonly called the “Flu”, a viral infection that e. Pneumonia

attacks the respiratory system.

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: “Sharing is Caring”

Direction: Write your answer on the space provided below.

1. How can you stay protected from communicable diseases in your daily living?

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
16
 What I Can Do
Activity 5: Communicate and Define It!

Direction: Define the different communicable diseases below. Explain how it affect
your community.

1. STI
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. HIV

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3. Dengue Fever

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

17
 Lesson Misconceptions, Myths and Beliefs
4 about Common Communicable
Diseases

What’s In

We have learned in lesson 3 about the signs, symptoms and effects of common
communicable diseases. There are different communicable diseases in which the signs and
symptoms are less obvious, but most of the diseases brings discomfort and make a person
unwell and uneasy.

What I Need to Know

Definition of Terms

Misconception is a wrong or inaccurate idea or conception.

Myths are a usually traditional story of ostensibly historical events that serves to
unfold part of the world view of a people or explain a practice, belief, or natural
phenomenon.

Beliefs are conviction of the truth of some statement or the reality of some being or
phenomenon especially when based on examination of evidence.

Source: Merriam-webster.com

There are different myths and misconceptions we heard from our parents,
grandparents and older individuals, and most of us easily adopt and believe in it. There are
also beliefs and practices at home being taught by elders regarding the common
communicable diseases on how and where they acquire it, just like for example,
grandparents don’t allow their young children to go outside when it is already 6’oclock in the
afternoon because the bad spirits are out and they cause harm to people. Stories like these
bring fear and children easily believe in it.

18
 What I Know
Activity 1: Define Me!

Direction: Define the following terms using your own words and write your answers
on the space provided below.

1. Misconception
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Myths

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. Beliefs

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

What’s New
Activity 2: I thought it was!

Direction: Give at least five examples of myths, misconceptions and beliefs of

common communicable diseases.

1.________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2.________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3.________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

4.________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5.________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

19
 What Is It

Explanations and corrections about the misconceptions, myths, and beliefs

examples given:

1. By touching alone to someone who has HIV, a person cannot contract. All types of
physical contact will not transmit the virus.

2. Oral contraceptives cannot protect you from having STI’s. Abstinence or not having sex
from the infected person are the only way that can protect you from HIV or STI.

3. HIV cannot be transmitted through sweat and tears. Only certain body fluids, blood,
semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk from a person who has HIV can transmit the disease.

4. There is cure for Tuberculosis. Tb is fully curable, as long as you take your full medication.

5. TB is not a family sickness. TB doesn’t have anything to do with your genes. TB infection
is spread from person to person through the air when people with lung TB cough, sneeze or
spit. When a person develops the disease TB, the symptoms may be mild for many months.
This can lead to delays in seeking care, and results in transmission of the bacteria to others.
An individual with undiagnosed and untreated lung TB disease may infect ten to fifteen other
people through close contact.
KNCV-Tuberculosisfoundation

What’s More
Activity 3: Be a Poet

Direction: Make a poem about the topic myths, misconceptions and beliefs of
common communicable diseases having 2 stanzas with 4 lines each.

_________________________________ ________________________________

_________________________________ ________________________________

_________________________________ ________________________________

_________________________________ ________________________________

20
 What I Have Learned

Activity 4: “Oh My, What Shall I Do?”

Direction: Read the scenarios below. Write your dos and don’ts in every situation.

What I should do Scenarios What I should not do

1. You are very tired and
thirsty after playing
basketball with your
friends.
2. You and your friends
are walking going home
and it start to rain heavily
with thunder but you
reach home safely and
very wet.
3. You and your friends
sat on a bench after a
sweaty basketball game.

4. Your team won the

game. You shook hands
with your opponents to
show sportsmanship.

What I Can Do

Activity 5: Know the Facts

Direction: What are the common misconceptions of communicable diseases?

Write the facts about those misconceptions.

Misconceptions Facts

21
22
23