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HEALTH
Quarter 3 – Module 3A
Disease Prevention and Control of
Communicable Disease
MAPEH – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3–Module 3a: Disease Prevention and Control of Communicable
Disease
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
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the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Dan Jael T. Miguel
Editors: Ian John Emmanuel T. Tubio, Mary Rose G. Acupanda
Reviewer: Bethel- Anne S. Parco
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Jenith C. Cabajon
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Rosela R. Abiera
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed. D. Elmar L. Cabrera

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 There’s a very popular saying “Prevention is better than cure.” As you go along,
you will notice that the diseases you are experiencing or encountering can be
prevented if you only know how to control it. Accordingly, if you lack self-discipline,
then prevention and control of diseases will be difficult to attain.

One thing is sure after learning from this material, you will be challenged to
become a contributor for the control and prevention of communicable diseases. Start
with yourself, family, neighbor, community including your school then extend it to the
nation. You just need to consistently demonstrate personal responsibility and healthful
practices in order to prevent and control communicable diseases.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
 Discusses the stages of infection - H8DD-IIIa-15
 Analyzes the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines -
H8DD-IIIa-15
 Discusses the most common communicable diseases- H8DD-IIIb-c-17;
H8DD-IIIb-c-18; H8DD-IIIb-c-19
• signs and symptoms of common communicable diseases
• effects of common communicable diseases
• misconceptions, myths, and beliefs about common communicable
diseases
• prevention and control of common communicable diseases

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

 Discuss stages of infection, the common communicable diseases and the
causes of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines.
 Apply prevention and control skills to avoid acquiring communicable
diseases.
 Appreciate the importance of being health conscious and being vigilant
against communicable diseases through health practices to sustain life
and promote wellness.

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 What I Know

Activity 1: How well do you know the nature of diseases?

Read each statement about the nature of communicable diseases. Then, react
to its truth or falsity by putting a check (✓) mark on the appropriate box. Copy and write
your answer in your Health notebook.

Statement True False

1. Organisms like bacteria and viruses
are all over the environment.
2. Many of the most common diseases
are caused by tiny microorganisms
called pathogens.
3. Communicable diseases come from
one infected person to another.
4. Stomach ache is one symptom that
can be manifested by a communicable
disease.
5. Viral hepatitis is caused by a virus
that affects the liver.
6. Rabies virus can enter only the brain
cells while polio virus attacks only the
nervous system.
7. Malaria is a sickness caused by a
carrier mosquito.
8. Pinworms hatch and live primarily in
the intestines of a person.
9. Stagnant water is a reservoir for
mosquitos to multiply.
10. of pathogens to invade its host
through certain points of entry to cause
morbidity.

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 What’s In

Instruction: Here are statements related to prevention and control of diseases.

React to each statement and explain why you AGREE or DISAGREE. Limit your
words from 50 (minimum) to 100 (maximum). Copy the question and write your answer
in your Health notebook.
1. Prevention is better than cure.
2. Health is wealth
3. Good health is a choice.

What’s New
Activity 1: Read, Analyze, and React.
One summer, my family went to Ilocos for our yearly summer vacation. One
night my daughter had a fever, so I gave her medicine to lower the fever. In the
morning, I saw that rashes have appeared on her arms so I suspected measles. I
had her occupy another room where she was alone to prevent cross-infections.
After breakfast, my late mother-in-law brought my daughter out at the backyard and
started scattering some rice while talking indistinctively. She got some soil near a
tree where my daughter played and rubs it on my daughter’s arms, face, and feet.
She said that she did that because my daughter might have disturbed some spirits
in the backyard when she played there.
COPY THE QUESTIONS AND WRITE YOUR ANSWER IN YOUR HEALTH
NOTEBOOK.

1. Are the rashes a result of some disturbed spirit? ( ) yes ( ) no

2. Can playing at the backyard harm some spirits? ( ) yes ( ) no
3. Will scattering some rice around help heal the rashes? ( ) yes ( ) no
4. Does rubbing the soil in the arms, face, & feet heal the rashes? ( ) yes ( ) no
5. What can you say about the story?
6. Do you agree with the belief of the mother-in-law? Why or why not?
7. If you were the mother-in-law, what should you do?

What is It
Communicable diseases are illnesses sourced from pathogens which spread
from living things to another. Pathogens enter the body through direct or indirect
contact causing illness like influenza.
Pathogen is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host.
Pathogens are organisms, frequently microorganisms, or components of these
organisms which include various species of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.

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Types of Pathogen:
Pathogen Description Diseases
Bacteria -single-celled microorganisms Tuberculosis, strep
-most are beneficial but close throat, diphtheria,
to a hundred types are known whooping cough,
to cause disease. pneumonia,
-some release poisonous meningococcemia,
substance. anthrax, syphilis,
https://bit.ly/35bnwTQ meningitis, cholera
Virus -smallest known pathogen common colds,
infecting cells of biological measles, rabies,
organisms. polio, mumps,
-unable to reproduce on their influenza, severe
own, it replicates through acute respiratory
infecting host cells. system (SARS), Bird
Flu, hepatitis, chicken
https://bit.ly/3bxn97e pox, HIV.
Fungi -single or multi-celled parasitic Athlete’s foot, ring
organisms which can live on worm and tinea flava
skin, mucous membranes and or an-an.
lungs.
-obtain food from organic
materials such as plants,
animals, or human tissue.
https://www.cedars-
sinai.org/blog/germs-viruses-bacteria-
fungi.html
Rickettsia -grows inside living cells and Typhus, spotted
resembles bacteria. fever, rocky mountain
-carried as parasites by ticks,
fleas, and lies.

https://bit.ly/2R0jDZV
Protozoa - Tiny single-celled organisms Malaria, amoebiasis,
producing toxins. African sleeping
-reproduce fast through sexual sickness, giardiasis.
and asexual ways.

https://bit.ly/2Zd29xP
Parasitic Worm -also called helminths. Tapeworm,
-largest pathogens that can enter hookworm, pinworm,
the human body. roundworm, filariasis.
-worm like organisms living and
feeding in living hosts while
disrupting the nutrients absorption
of their host, causing weakness
https://bit.ly/2QY7CnA and disease.

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Chain of Infection

https://bit.ly/2Fh8IrO

a. Causative Agent/Infectious Agent

-A microbial organism with the ability to cause disease. Infectious agents are
bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites.
b. Reservoir
-A place where microorganisms can thrive and reproduce. Microorganisms thrive in
human beings, animals and inanimate objects such as water, table tops and
doorknobs.
c. Portal of Exits
-Place of Exit providing a way for a microorganism to leave the reservoir.
Microorganisms may leave the reservoir through the nose or mouth when someone
sneezes or coughs. Microorganisms, carried away from the body by feces, may also
leave the reservoir of an infected bowel.
d. Mode of Transmission
-The method of transfer by which the organism moves or carried from one place to
another or from the reservoir to susceptible hosts.
e. Portal of Entry
-Any opening allowing the microorganisms to enter the host. It is within the same
system of portals of exits like digestive to digestive, respiratory to respiratory, and
reproductive to reproductive.
f. Susceptible Host
-An individual who cannot resist a microorganism invading the body, multiplying and
resulting in infection.
Did you know? There are three levels of preventing diseases: primary, secondary,
and tertiary.
 In primary prevention, activities are done to prevent one from having the
disease. This includes getting immunized, eating a healthy diet, and getting
enough sleep.
 The secondary prevention activities are done to prevent further damages
when the disease has already started. This includes prompt diagnosis and
treatment.
 For the tertiary prevention, the focus is on rehabilitating the sick person so
as to prevent long-term complications of the disease.

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Mode of Transmission:

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What are the Stages of Infection?
 Incubation Stage- is the period between initial infection to and appearance of
symptoms. Length of this stage varies from few hours to months, depending on
the virulence and concentration of the organism.
 Prodromal Stage- the short period where the body begins to react to
pathogens. These reactions include discharge, slight fever, headache, watery
eyes, runny nose, tiredness, irritability. The pathogen continues to multiply
during this stage and the host is already capable of transferring this pathogen
to a new host.
 Clinical or Illness Stage- is the time when it reaches its highest point of
development. All clinical signs or symptoms of a particular disease can be
analyzed through appropriate test.
 Decline Stage- Phase when the host feels improved but might or might not feel
like doing normal activities. This is when infection is ending or in some cases
being reduced.
 Recovery Stage- the time in which recovery seems complete, the body’s
defenses defeat the illness although the disease may still be communicable.
The host may experience relapse or being sick again.
 Relapse Stage- when a person who has been affected by conditions in the past
is affected with the same again. It could be a medical or psychological condition
like cancer, drug addiction or depression.

LEADING CAUSES OF MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN THE PHILIPPINEES

According to data from the Department of Health, last updated January 2010
statistics, the 10 leading causes of mortality and morbidity are as follows:

https://www.doh.gov.ph/Statistics/Leading-Causes-of-Mortality

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 https://www.doh.gov.ph/Statistics/Leading-Causes-of-Morbidity

What’s More

Activity A.

Read the paragraph and fill in with words you think best fit to complete it. Copy and
write your answers in your notebook.
“THE CHAIN LETTER”

(1) ______________is a disease-causing organism which includes bacteria, virus,

parasitic worm, protozoa, and fungi and lives in the (2)_______________ which
can be a living or non-living object. In order to be transmitted, the pathogen leaves
the reservoir through the (3) ________________. Examples include the mouth,
nose, anus, and other special body openings. The pathogen is then passed through
a direct or indirect (4) ________________from one host to the next host. It is
transmitted through a living vector like a mosquito or flea. Some diseases like
malaria have complicated life cycles involving more than one species. Some are
transmitted by respiratory droplets, while others are through blood contact, semen
or other secretions. Hand-to-mouth is a common mode for gastrointestinal
pathogens. The organism enters the body through the (5)__________________
such as the nose, skin, or mouth. The portal of entry determines the type of
personal protective equipment (PPE) to use to keep health care workers, family
and visitors safe in the hospital. The (6) _____________ is a person with low
immunity to disease. This includes the very old, and the immune suppressed (due
to genetics, transplant drugs, malnutrition, or viral infection like HIV).

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 What I Have Learned

Congratulations on finishing this learning module! Hope you had an amazing

journey. This time, please share your insights by completing the following sentence
prompts. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

I have learned that

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
____
I wish to ask my teacher about
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________

What I Can Do

WRITE YOUR ANSWER IN YOUR NOTEBOOK.

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Read and copy each question in your notebook. Circle the letter of
the best answer.
1. What are the smallest known pathogen infecting cells of biological organisms?
A. Bacteria B. Fungi C. Protozoa D. Virus
2. These are tiny single-celled organisms producing toxins.
A. Bacteria B. Fungi C. Protozoa D. Virus
3. Example diseases that we can acquire from bacteria are as follow, Except:
A. Cholera B. Pneumonia C. Tuberculosis D. Typhus
4. These are microbial organisms with the ability to cause diseases. These refer
to bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites.
A. Infectious Agent B. Pathogen C. Portal of Exit D. Reservoir
5. These refer to illnesses sourced from pathogens which spread from living things
to another. Pathogens enter the body through direct or indirect contact causing
illness like influenza.
A. Communicable diseases C. Pathogen
B. Infectious Agent D. Reservoir
6. What do you call an individual who cannot resist a microorganism invading the
body, multiplying and resulting in infection?
A. Portal of Entry C. Reservoir
B. Portal of Exit D. Susceptible Host
7. What is this stage in which recovery seems complete? The body’s defenses
defeat the illness although the disease may still be communicable. The host may
experience relapse or being sick again.
A. Decline Stage C. Recovery Stage
B. Prodromal Stage D. Relapse Stage
8. In which stage refers to a person who has been affected by conditions in the
past and is affected with the same again? It could be a medical or psychological
condition like cancer, drug addiction or depression.
A. Decline Stage C. Recovery Stage
B. Prodromal Stage D. Relapse Stage
9. These reactions include discharge, slight fever, headache, watery eyes, runny
nose, tiredness, irritability. The pathogen continues to multiply during this stage
and the host is already capable of transferring this pathogen to a new host. What
stage is this?
A. Decline Stage C. Recovery Stage
B. Prodromal Stage D. Relapse Stage
10. Phase when the host feels improved but might or might not feel like doing
normal activities. This is when infection is ending or in some cases being
reduced. What stage is this?
A. Decline Stage C. Recovery Stage
B. Prodromal Stage D. Relapse Stage

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 Additional Activities

Instruction:
Fill in each blank with an appropriate word. Then, follow these guidelines
to reduce the spread of infections. You may choose your answers from the box
below.
1. ___________________ everyday to keep your skin, hair, and nails clean.
2. Avoid sharing __________________or drinking utensils.
3. Store & prepare food in a safe way to prevent food _________________.
4. _____________ your hands after using the toilet and wash your hands
before and _____________eating.
5. If you are sick, avoid sharing your sickness to others. Cover your
___________ ____when coughing.
6. There are three other ways to protect yourself from _________________.
You can become ______________ by having the disease. You can be
immunized by injection. If a ___________ is available, then you can
practice bio______________________ back.
CHOICES:

Communicable Disease Sick Vaccines

Mouth Personal Contamination
Wash Biofeedback After Bath

Answer Key

I. What I know II. What’s In

-answers may vary

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https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/germs-viruses-bacteria-fungi.html 
https://www.doh.gov.ph/Statistics/Leading-Causes-of-Morbidity 
https://bit.ly/2Fh8IrO 
https://bit.ly/2QY7CnA 
https://bit.ly/2Zd29xP 
https://bit.ly/2R0jDZV 
https://bit.ly/3bxn97e 
https://bit.ly/35bnwTQ 
Physical Education and Health-grade 8; Learner’s Module First Edition, 2013. 
References
III. What’s New IV. WHAT’S MORE
1-4. NO 1. PATHOGEN 4. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
5-7. ANSWERS MAY VARY. 2. RESERVOIR 5. PORTAL OF ENTRY
3. PORTAL OF EXIT 6. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
V. What I Can Do
-ANSWER MAY VARY
VI. ASSESSMENT VII. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
1. D 6. D 1.BATH 6. COMMUNICABLE DISEASE;
SICK;
2. C 7. C 2.PERSONAL VACCINES;
BIOFEEDBACK
3. D 8. D 3. CONTAMINATION
4. A 9. B 4.WASH; AFTER
5. A 10. A 5. MOUTH
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: [email protected]
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

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