become / became / become

of

bet / bet / bet

call for

combine

create

depend on

give / gave / given away

list

mix

purchase

put off

separate

stir

tear / tore / torn up

apart

apart from

most

mostly

raw

separate

thus

a good deal of
can’t help

to feel like + gerund

from time to time

on hand

bag

bet

cost

groceries

ingredient

jar

label

list

mix

mixture

property

purchase

quantity

recipe

set
verb: to happen to
What became of Sam? I haven’t seen him for three years.
verb: be certain; to think something is true
I bet he’s a good player. He scored three goals.
verb: to require
This recipe calls for three eggs and one cup of sugar.
verb: to add together
Combine the eggs and sugar in a bowl and mix them.
verb: to invent; to make something new
I created a new recipe for cooking chicken.
verb: to rely on; to count on
Children are helpless; they depend on their parents for everything.
verb: to give something to someone for free
I gave my old TV away when I bought the new one.
verb: to write a group of things on a piece of paper
She listed the groceries that she needed in her notebook.
verb: to combine different things
She mixed the chicken, rice and beans together for dinner.
verb: to buy
I purchased some furniture at the new store.
verb: to delay; postpone
They put off the football match until next week.
verb: to divide; to keep apart
She separated the egg yolks and the egg whites.
verb: to mix things together using a circular motion
He took the big spoon and stirred the soup in the pot.
verb: to separate a piece of paper into many pieces; to rip
He was angry with his score and he tore up his test paper.
preposition: separate; away from
Jeddah and Port Sudan are 300 km apart. It is an overnight boat ride.
preposition: besides, except for
Two windows were broken. Apart from that, there was no damage.
adverb: the biggest part of
I put most of the eggs in the omelet.
adverb: chiefly; for the most part
The students are mostly enlisted men, but there are some officers.
adjective: not cooked
Sushi is raw fish. It is a delicious food from Japan!
adjective: different; another
Put the groceries on one list, and the phone numbers on a separate list.
conjunction: therefore
He didn’t study; thus, he failed the test.
adjective: a lot of; many
It costs a good deal of money to buy that car.
verb: can’t avoid, can’t stop
I can’t help being angry when he doesn’t do his homework.
verb: to want to
I feel like going to Riyadh this weekend.
expression: once in a while; occasionally, a few times
I go to Jeddah from time to time.
adjective: here at the present time
I need four steaks. I have two on hand. I need to buy two more.
noun: a paper or plastic container for holding groceries
I bought four bags of groceries at the store today.
noun: an amount of money risked
Ali bet SR1,000 that Saudi Arabia would win the World Cup.
noun: the amount of money needed to buy something
The cost of the car was SR40,000.
noun: food items that you buy at a supermarket
Please carry the groceries from the store to the car.
noun: one part of a recipe; one part of a mixture
The ingredients are water, sugar, and flour.
noun: a glass container
I have two jars of sauce for the spaghetti.
noun: the part of a package or can with information about the product
Read the label on the shampoo bottle and see if it’s ok for children.
noun: a group of things on a piece of paper
She has a grocery list with her. She won’t forget anything.
noun: mixture; a group of things together
This salad is a mix of fruit, nuts, and vegetables.
noun: something made of many different things combined together
This salad is a mixture of fruit, nuts, and vegetables.
noun: something that is owned, especially land or houses
He owns three houses. He has a lot of property.
noun: something you have bought
I made a lot of purchases at the mall today.
noun: an amount
We have a large quantity of food, but a small quantity of tea.
noun: instructions for cooking something
I don’t like fried chicken. I’m going to use a new recipe.
noun: a television; a electronic device
I didn’t like my old TV. I bought a new set last week.
alert

attack

authorize

call up

defend

engage

maintain

notify

settle

take / took / taken over

threaten

additional

alert

neutral

nevertheless

secure

on alert

take control of

take sides

take steps

ally
ally

battle

border

combat

defense

an enemy

freedom

maintenance

peace

security

situation

threat

war
verb: to warn to be prepared; to warn that something important may happen.
The General alerted the army that the enemy was coming.
verb: to begin violence against
We defended our city when the enemy attacked.
verb: to give power to
“I authorized the Lieutenant to lead the men,” said the General.
verb: to order, usually reserve forces and in time of war
The government had to call up soldiers to fight the war.
verb: to protect one’s self against attack
The army defended the city against the enemy.
verb: to enter into battle with; to be involved in doing something
We engaged the enemy at 0700. We won the battle at 1000 hours.
He was engaged in cooking when I called him up.
verb: to keep in good condition; to keep up
The mechanic in Hafar Al Batin maintains my car.
verb: to inform
The students were notified of the new schedule on Monday.
verb: to make an agreement; to live someplace permanently
The settled the argument by using the dictionary.
My family settled in America 100 years ago.
verb: to take control of
He took control of the company when his father died.
verb: to promise harm or danger; warn of bad intentions
The teacher threatened to punish the students.
adjective: extra; added
I need additional information before I decide.
adjective: prepared; ready for action; to know what is going on around you
The soldier was alert for any sign of danger.
adjective: not one either side of an argument or war
Switzerland is a neutral country. They never get involved in anybody’s wars.
He thinks it’s a bad idea. You think it’s a good one. I’m neutral.
conjunction / adverb: however
I like that student; nevertheless I have to give him a bad score.
adjective: free from danger
We won the war. Our country is secure.
preposition: ready, cautious, careful
The soldiers must be on alert. The enemy is coming.
verb: assume responsibility for
The new commander took control of the army today.
verb: to become an ally of one side in a fight or war
When the two men began to fight, the others took sides.
verb: to begin to act; to start using a plan
They attacked and we took steps to defend ourselves.
noun: a friend, usually between countries, tribes, or groups
Saudi Arabia was an ally of Kuwait in the Gulf War.
noun: combat between two armies; a large fight with many people
The battle in the desert ended the Gulf War.

noun: the edge of something (often used to talk about countries)

Saudi Arabia has a border with Kuwait and Iraq.
noun: fighting; any battle
The soldier has a lot of experience in combat.
noun: the act of protecting one’s self from an attack
The army provided a strong defense for the city.
noun: someone who doesn’t like you, or hates you
India is the enemy of Pakistan.
I had a big fight with John. Now he’s my enemy.
noun: independence; not having restraints
Kuwait won its freedom from Iraq during the Gulf War.
noun: the act of keeping something in good condition
There is good maintenance performed on the cars every week.
noun: the absence of war
The war is finished. There is peace between our countries now.
noun: safety; protection
There is good security at KKMC? The terrorists will never attack it.
noun: condition; the way things are
The situation is dangerous. The enemy is preparing for battle.
noun: danger, intention to damage
Nuclear weapons are a threat to global security.
noun: combat between two armies
Many soldiers and civilians died in the Iran-Iraq war.
accelerate

align

estimate

function

ignite

look over

provide

pump

release

service

shift

supply

transmit
wear out
wore/worn
carburetor

clutch

defect

estimate

exterior

fluid

function
gear

ignition

interior

lever

liquid

pedal

pipe

pump

repair

spark

spark plug

system

transmission

altogether

automatic

defective

hydraulic

manual

standard

used

worn
step on the gas
take a look at
have a look at

-ive / -tive / -ative

verb: to increase the speed of
On the highway, you can accelerate from 100 to 120kph.
verb: to bring into a straight line
In the morning formation, the soldiers align themselves in neat rows.
verb: to guess; to form an opinion
I estimate that everyone will get 100 on the Book Quiz.
verb: to operate, to work
Does your car function well in cold weather? Mine doesn’t.
verb: to set fire to, to catch fire
He threw a match on the gasoline and it ignited.
verb: to examine
He looked over the car to see what the problem was.
verb: to furnish what is needed; to supply; to give
I provided the food for the party.
verb: to move liquids from one place to another
They pumped the gasoline from the fuel tank into the humvee.
verb: to let go; to allow to come out
The class will be released at 1200 hours.
He released the brake and the car began to move.
verb: to repair or provide maintenance for
My car broke down and the mechanic is servicing it.
verb: to move from one place to another; to change gears in a car
The students shifted classrooms from 101 to 205.
As the car went faster, the driver shifted gears.
verb: to provide what is needed; to give
The school will supply the pencils for the test.
verb: to send out
The transmission transmits power from the engine to the wheels.
verb: to reduce to a useless state
The men ran twenty kilometers today. They are worn out.
noun: a device used to mix fuel and air in a car engine
I need a new carburetor for my engine. This one is worn out.
noun: a device used to engage and disengage gears in a car
Step on the clutch before you shift gears.
noun: a problem or a flaw in a product or design
This radio has a defect. It won’t receive any stations.
noun: an intelligent guess
He gave me an estimate of the price. It was 500 dollars.
noun: the outside of something
He polished the exterior of the car. Now it looks great!
noun: a liquid; something in a water-like state
He has a cold so he should drink lots of fluids.
noun: a job; a use
A soldier’s function is to fight for his country.
noun: a toothed wheel; used in cars to go faster or slower
If you want to go faster, downshift to a lower gear.

noun: a device used to start a car

Put the key in the ignition and start the car.
noun: the inside of something
The interior of a car has seats, a radio, and a steering wheel.
noun: a bar on which pressure is exerted to move something
On an automatic transmission, you move the gear lever to “D” to go forward.
noun: a fluid; a water-like substance
Brake fluid is a liquid.
noun: something you step on to perform a function
I step on the brake pedal when I want to stop the car.
noun: a round hollow object used to transport fluids or gases
The exhaust pipe takes harmful gasses away from the car.
noun: a device used to move a liquid from one place to another
The fuel pump moves gasoline from the tank to the carburetor.
noun: something done to fix a problem or defect
I had an engine repair done on my car. It was expensive.
noun: a small bit of fire
The spark plug provides a spark to ignite the fuel.
noun: a device for igniting the fuel in a car or engine
I have four spark plugs in my 4 cylinder car.
noun: a group of parts performing one function
The ignition system, which has several parts, starts the car.
noun: a device for moving power from the engine to the wheels
My car has an automatic transmission. I don’t have to shift the gears.
adverb: considering everything
I have a ten, two twenties, and a one. Altogether I have $51.
adjective: without help; opposite of manual
I have an automatic transmission. There is no clutch.
adjective: having a problem or a flaw
The engine on my car is defective. It doesn’t work.
adjective: operated by the flow of a liquid or fluid
I have a hydraulic brake system on my car.
adjective: opposite of automatic; something you operate by hand
I have a manual transmission. I have to use the clutch to shift.
adjective: manual; old
I have a standard transmission. I have to use the clutch to shift.
adjective: not new
I can’t afford a new car. I’m going to buy a used car.
adjective: used until no longer effective
I have 300,000 kilometers on my car. The brakes are worn.
idiom: go faster
We’re late! Step on the gas!
idiom: to examine in search of a problem
I asked the mechanic to take a look at the car. It doesn’t work.
I asked the mechanic to have a look at my car. It doesn’t work.
suffix: used to change nouns and verbs to adjectives
The car has a defect. It is defective.
circulate

eliminate

filter

lubricate

malfunction

overheat

rebuild

regulate

rub

tear down

Antifreeze

Combustion

A component

some coolant

Cylinder

Exhaust

Filter

Malfunction

Overhaul

Piston

Pressure

process
process

purpose

speedometer

surface

thermostat

combustible

external

internal

least

overheated

useful

so (so that)

wear and tear

in order to

for the purpose of

verb: to move in a circle and return to the starting point
Water is circulated through the engine by the water pump.
verb: to remove or get rid of; to delete
Eliminate his name from the list. He’s not here anymore.
verb: to clean a liquid by passing it through a device
We filter the water to eliminate the dirt.
verb: to make slippery; to apply a lubricant
The mechanic lubricated the gears of the engine. It runs great now!
verb: to fail to function properly; to not work right
The engine is malfunctioning. It won’t start.
verb: to become too hot
If you don’t put water in the engine, it will overheat.
verb: to repair by replacing the important parts
My engine broke down. The mechanic rebuilt it.
verb: to control
The carburetor regulates the flow of fuel.
verb: to move something along a surface using pressure or friction
Friction is caused by rubbing two things together.
verb: to destroy; to disassemble
Tear down that engine and find the problem.
They tore down all the old buildings in the village.
noun: a fluid which keeps the water in your engine from freezing
Winter is coming. You’d better put some antifreeze in your car.
noun: the act or process of burning
The combustion begins with a spark.
noun: one part of a system
A spark plug is a component of the ignition system.
noun: a fluid used for cooling engines
The water pump circulates the coolant.
noun: a hollow, solid, circular body
Combustion takes place in the cylinder and moves the piston.
noun: the gases produced by engine combustion
The exhaust from the engine is dangerous.
noun: a device which removes harmful things from a liquid
The fuel filter removes dirt from your fuel.
noun: a problem or a flaw
My engine had a malfunction today. I had to have it fixed.
noun: a big repair
My engine broke down yesterday. The mechanic is giving it an overhaul.
noun: a part of an engine, in the cylinder, that moves up and down.
My car needs to have its pistons replaced.
noun: applied force
I keep thirty pounds of pressure in my tires.
noun: a series of actions that produce a result
The car is started by the ignition process.

noun: a reason; an objective

My purpose for studying English is to learn a second language.
noun: a gauge for showing the speed of a vehicle
According to the speedometer you’re going 135 KPH.
noun: the outer part of something; the top of a liquid
There were leaves on the surface of the lake.
noun: a device used for controlling temperature
The thermostat is on the wall. Turn it down, it’s too hot here.
adjective: capable of burning; something that burns
Wood is combustible, but steel is noncombustible.
adjective: on the outside
The skin is an external organ of the body.
adjective: on the inside
The heart is an internal organ of the body.
adjective: the smallest amount; in the smallest degree
December 21st has the least amount of daylight of any day in the year. It is the shortest day of the year.
adjective: too hot
If you don’t lubricate the engine it becomes overheated.
adjective: capable of being used; helpful
A dictionary is useful when you are studying English.
conjunction: in order that; for the purpose of
Speak louder so I can hear you.
Speak louder so that I can hear you.
expression: damage resulting from use
I’ve had my car for ten years. It has a lot of wear and tear.
prepositional phrase: for the purpose of
You must study in order to pass the test.
prepositional phrase: in order to
The students are in school for the purpose of studying.