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    LESON 3.4 Forces & Pressure

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    Rais Rahimi
    The document discusses Pascal's principle and its applications in hydraulics. It provides examples of how pressure is transmitted equally throughout an enclosed fluid, including: 1) A force applied to a small piston is amplified at a larger piston due to their different surface areas. 2) Hydraulic systems like lifts and jacks use Pascal's principle to multiply force over distance. 3) Hydraulic brakes transmit a small force at the pedal into a larger stopping force at the wheels.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    LESON 3.4 Forces & Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Rais Rahimi
    164 views5 pages
    The document discusses Pascal's principle and its applications in hydraulics. It provides examples of how pressure is transmitted equally throughout an enclosed fluid, including: 1) A force applied to a small piston is amplified at a larger piston due to their different surface areas. 2) Hydraulic systems like lifts and jacks use Pascal's principle to multiply force over distance. 3) Hydraulic brakes transmit a small force at the pedal into a larger stopping force at the wheels.

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    The document discusses Pascal's principle and its applications in hydraulics. It provides examples of how pressure is transmitted equally throughout an enclosed fluid, including: 1) A force applied to a small piston is amplified at a larger piston due to their different surface areas. 2) Hydraulic systems like lifts and jacks use Pascal's principle to multiply force over distance. 3) Hydraulic brakes transmit a small force at the pedal into a larger stopping force at the wheels.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    164 views5 pages

    LESON 3.4 Forces & Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Rais Rahimi
    The document discusses Pascal's principle and its applications in hydraulics. It provides examples of how pressure is transmitted equally throughout an enclosed fluid, including: 1) A force applied to a small piston is amplified at a larger piston due to their different surface areas. 2) Hydraulic systems like lifts and jacks use Pascal's principle to multiply force over distance. 3) Hydraulic brakes transmit a small force at the pedal into a larger stopping force at the wheels.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    LESSON 4

    -APPLYING
    PASCAL’S

    Introduction

    The molecules in a liquid are close and


    in contact with each other. As a
    result ,liquids are practically in
    compressible.

    Pascal’s Principle
    Example 1
    Pascal’s principle states that when
    To produce a 2 500 N force over a 20
    pressure is applied to an enclosed
    m2 area of a hydraulic system,
    fluid, the pressure will be transmitted
    calculate the magnitude of the force
    equally throughout the whole enclosed
    that must be applied to a 50 cm2 area.
    fluid.
    Solution
    Experiment to verify the Pascal’s
    Principle

    Applications of Pascal’s Principle

    (1)Automobile hydraulic lift

    Automobile hydraulic lift is used to lift


    a vehicle in a workshop.
    The system uses Pascal’s Principle to
    When the piston is pushed into the produce a larger force to lift a heavy
    glass sphere the jet of water is shot vehicle.
    out from the holes in the glass sphere
    with the same speed.
    This is because the pressure acting on
    the water is transferred uniformly
    throughout the water.

    Pascal’s Principle in Mathematic


    Expression

    Output force = output piston area When incompressible fluid is moved


    Input force input piston area through a hydraulic system, the
    volume through which the input
    F2 = A2 system moved must be the same as
    F1 A1

    23
    the volume through which the output
    system,
    Hence
    A1d1 = A2d2

    Based on the Pascal’s Principle, the


    pressure is transmitted throughout all
    points in the fluid and acts in all
    directions,
    F1 = F2
    A1 A2

    Example 2

    The figure shows a basic hydraulic


    system has small and large pistons (2) Hydraulic Jack
    with cross-sectional area of 0.005 m2
    and 0.1 m2 respectively. A force of 20
    N is applied to the small piston.

    Determine When the handle is pulled, valve P is


    (a) The pressure transmitted in the still closed and valve Q opens so the
    hydraulic pressure can be sent to the larger
    fluid. piston. The large piston will rise.
    (b) The mass of the load. While the small piston is pulled out,
    (c) If the small piston is pushed down valve Q closes and valve P opens so
    at a depth a 0.04 m, what is the that the oil in the tank enter into the
    distance moved by the large hydraulic cylinder as a result of
    piston. atmospheric pressure.
    By moving the push-pull handle a
    Solution number of times , the large piston can
    be raised carrying a heavy load.

    (3) Hydraulic Brake

    24
    C The pressure on piston P is the
    same as the pressure on
    piston Q
    D The pressure on piston P is
    smaller than the pressure on
    piston Q

    2 A force of 20N is applied to the


    input piston in a hydraulic jack. If
    A small force acting at the pedal can the input piston area and output
    transmit a large force to all wheels piston area are 0.02 m2 and 0.1
    simultaneously to stop the car. m2 respectively, what is the output
    It is because the pressure will be force?
    transferred through the pedal brake
    liquid to car’s tyre . A 20 N B 50 N
    C 100 N D 200 N
    E 400 N

    3 The figure shows a hydraulic


    system.

    TUTORIAL
    1 The figure shows a hydraulic If the area of input piston and
    pump. output piston are 0.03 m2 and 0.90
    m2 respectively, what is the mass
    of object P.
    R
    A 3.2 x 102 kg B
    2.4x 102kg
    C 2.0 x 102 kg D
    1.8x 102kg
    E 1.2x 102 kg

    Which comparison is true?

    A The force F is the same as the


    4 A hydraulic press has an input
    weight of
    cylinder 8 cm in diameter and
    the load
    output cylinder 24 cm in
    B The force F is greater than the
    diameter. If the input piston is
    weight of the load
    moved through 10 cm , how far is
    the output piston moved?

    25
    Determine
    A 0.11 cm B 0.30 (a) the pressure is applied on the
    cm small piston
    C 10.0 cm D 30.0
    cm
    E 90.0 cm (b) the pressure is transmitted to
    the large piston
    5 The figure shows a brake system
    of a car.
    (c) the magnitude of the force ,F.

    (d) the volume of oil transmitted .

    (e) the distance moved by the


    large piston.

    8 The figure shows the


    Which principle is used in this
    arrangement of the hydraulic
    system?
    brake system of a car. The
    cross-sectional area of the
    A Pascal’s principle
    main brake cylinder, the front
    B Bernoulli’s principle
    brake cylinder and the rear
    C Archimedes’ principle
    brake cylinder are 5 x 10 - 4 m 2
    D Principle of conservation of
    , 6.0 x 10 - 4 m 2 and 5.5 x 10 - 4
    momentum
    m 2 respectively.
    6 Which of the application is an
    application of Pascal’s principle?

    A Lift pump
    B Filter pump
    C Hydraulic pump

    7 The figure shows a basic hydraulic


    system has a small and large
    pistons with cross sectional-areas
    0.0005 m2 and 0.0015 m2
    respectively. When a force of 20 N
    is applied to the small piston, it (a) The brake pedal is pressed
    pushes down by 0.6 m. with a constant force 15N.
    (i) On the figure above
    indicate the direction of
    motions of the front brake
    cylinder and the rear brake
    cylinder.

    26
    (ii) State the relationship ……………………………………………
    between the liquid …………
    pressure in the front
    brake cylinder and the ……………………………………………
    rear brake cylinder. …………

    …………………………………
    ………

    …………………………………
    ……….
    (iii) Calculate the pressure is
    exerted on each rear brake
    system.

    (b) Explain why the front brake piston


    is applied a larger force than the
    rear brake piston.

    ……………………………………………
    …………

    ……………………………………………
    …………

    ……………………………………………
    …………
    (c) Why is the brake system in the car
    is less effective air bubbles are
    present in the brake fluid. Give
    reasons for your answer.

    ……………………………………………
    …………

    ……………………………………………
    …………

    (d) Why is the cross-sectional area of


    the rear brake cylinder of the
    right wheel is the same as the
    cross-sectional area of the rear
    brake cylinder of the left wheel?

    27

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