DIVINA PASTORA COLLEGE

Basic Education Department (2020-2021)

SELF-LEARNING PACKET (SLP) in

ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT
QUARTER 1, WEEK 1

NAME: ________________________________ SCORE: ___________/

GRADE & SEC: _________________________ DATE: ____________

Dear Lord and Father of all, thank you for today. Thank you for ways in which you
provide for us all. For your protection and love, we thank you. Help us to focus our hearts and
minds now on what we are about to learn. Inspire us by your Holy Spirit as we listen and
answer all the activities. Guise us by your eternal light as we discover more about the world
around us. We ask all this in the name of Jesus. Amen.

Upon the completion of this SLP, you are expected to:

1. Identify the function of communication.
2. Create your own model of communication.
3. Explain the nature, elements and process of communication.
4. Nurture positive relationship with others through effective communication skills.

Read the dialogue below. Notice the way the passenger replies to the steward.

Airplane steward: Sir, are you done?

Passenger : No, I’m John.
Steward : I mean, are you finished sir?
Passenger : No, I’m a Filipino.
Steward : I mean are you through?
Passenger : What do you think of me, false?

After reading the dialogue, answer the following questions:

1. Do you think that a misunderstanding is apparent in this dialogue?

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2. To what can this misunderstanding be attributed?

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 3. What do you think is the reason for the miscommunication between the participants in
the dialogue?
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What comes to your mind when you hear the word “Communication”? Others might
say that communication is a process of transferring information from one person to another. Do
you have the same idea? Communication is not just mere transfer of messages from one
person to another just like Lazada or Shopee orders being delivered to one’s doorstep. It
involves a speaker imparting ideas, concepts, and data to a group of listeners.

To better understand the meaning of communication, let us learn about its nature and
elements.

Nature of Communication
 Communication is a process of transferring Information from one person to another.
- It is about two people talking such as with a sibling, a parent, a teacher or a friend,
face-to-face in real life or even via the internet. It is also a group of people talking
with one another. For example, borrowing your friend’s calculator and discussing
with classmates about a group project are considered communication.
 Communication involves transaction.
- A person wants to talk to someone about something because the person needs
something from that someone. For example, if a student needs permission to be
absent in a class, the student has to ask his/her teacher. When you are going to buy
in a sari-sari store, you need to tell the vendor what you want and ask how much it
costs.
 Communication is stirring up ideas in the mind of another.
- It is sharing of ideas among group of people. It is imparting concepts to an audience.
 Communication is a reciprocal process of sharing meaning.
- It involves a common experience and mutual influence. Communicators consist of
the source (speaker) who is the sender of the message and the receiver (|listener)
who is the target of the message.
 Communication can be expressed through written or spoken words.
- It involves actions (nonverbal) or both spoken words and nonverbal actions at the
same time.

The two major parts of communication is the sender and the receiver, when a person has
a message that he wants to convey to a receiver. His brain sorts out, selects and elicits
meaning from his storehouse of knowledge and experiences, then the receiver will process the
information.

Process of Communicative Situation

Channel
Speaker --- Message --- Listeners
(source) (Receiver)
--- Feedback ----

Primary Elements of Communication

1. Message
What needs to be delivered? Why the speaker wants to say it? (to inform or to
persuade?) How does the speaker want to say it?
A message consists of the following:
 Content - the idea contained in a message.

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 Structure - a message should be structured or organized.
 Style - It is the matter of selecting and arranging words which somehow reveals what
kind of person is the speaker.
2. Speaker
Each speaker creates meaning based on his personal experiences. Differences
arise in communication because each communicator has his own experiences,
motivations and personal characteristics.
 Speaker’s purpose - What is the goal of the speaker? Maybe, he wishes to entertain, to
call attention to a problem, and refute an assertion, and so on.
 Speaker’s knowledge - Does the speaker have the knowledge of the subject and
mastery of communication skills? It affects his message and effectiveness.
 Speaker’s attitude - does the speaker has confidence in the way he speaks? If he has a
little confidence in his abilities and information, he tends to speak hesitantly and his
voice becomes weak and he fails to maintain eye contact with the audience. On the
other hand, if he is overly confident, he may become overbearing and overfamiliar,
disregarding the listeners’ needs and feelings.
 Speaker’s Credibility - Is the speaker trustworthy, competent, sincere, fair, and dynamic?
Knowing the speaker’s credibility also affects the listener’s thought about the speaker.

3. Listeners
The listeners, like the speaker, have goals or purpose in mind.
 Listeners’ purpose - Does the listeners wish to be entertained, informed, advised or
guided?
 Listeners’ knowledge of the subject - The listeners’ knowledge and interest in the subject
significantly affect how they receive or respond to the message.
 Listeners’ level of listening skills - The listeners’ attitudes toward themselves, the
speaker, and the subject greatly affect how they interpret and respond to the message.

4. Channels
Communication is affected by the channels through which the message is
transmitted. The five senses − hearing, sight, touch, smell, and taste − serve as
communication channels from the speaker to the listeners.
 Aural channel - It uses the sense of hearing, wherein the sound waves carry the words.
 Visual channel - It uses the sense of sight, wherein the light waves carry the visual
messages.
 Tactile channel - It uses touch as an effective way of expressing emotion-a hug, a pat on
the shoulder, a touch on the cheek, a handshake, etc.
 Olfactory channel - Air currents also send messages through the nose. Some of the
smells that may affect communication positively or negatively are as follows:
Pleasant smell - lemon, mint, bath soap, cologne.
Offensive smell - perspiration odor, bad breath and other unpleasant smells.
 Gustatory channel - Preparing delicious meal for someone can send a nonverbal
message.
Face-to-face interactions involve many of these senses. As the communicators
interact, they share additional information through their gestures, use of touch, and
scents and smells associated with their bodies. Attention to these five senses can
influence how the communication may proceed.

5. Response
It is the only way the speaker knows that the message has been received. The
response is, of course, based on the interpretation of the message by the listener. For
example, if the interpretation is positive, then the response will be positive. Listeners will
say yes, nod their heads, smile or clap their hands.

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 6. Feedback
It is the result of monitoring by the speaker of the listener’s response. As already
discussed in the previous paragraph, the listener may respond to the message,
positively or negatively. The speaker needs to watch out for this response to know if the
message was effectively imparted or not. Making sure of the feedback will help the
speaker in continuing with the next message.

7. Noise
Noise is any barrier to communication. It is the presence of a disturbing factor
that may lead to a misunderstanding of the message.
 Physical noise - It may come from loud sounds that alter the transfer of message. For
example, the loud shouting of people surrounding the communicators. Even a seatmate
who talks to you while the teacher is explaining the lesson is a physical noise because it
prevents you from listening.
 Physiological noise - When the body becomes a hindrance to good communication. For
example, because of a headache or a toothache, one may not be able to effectively
listen to the sender. When one is thinking deeply about something or is suffering from an
emotional condition (sadness, depression, confusion), it really affects someone’s way of
communicating on how he receives the message.

8. Setting
It is the venue of the communication. Formal settings require decency in
presentations, while informal ones may not. They may vary from the way a place is
lighted to the colors of the decoration. The furniture may also affect such situation.

I hope that the elements of communication are clear to you, now let us move on to the
Functions of Communication.

Functions of Communication

Basically, there are five functions of communication. These are control, social
interaction, motivation, emotional expression, and information dissemination.
1. Control - Communication functions to control behavior.
Example: Mrs. Ramos is telling the whole class to observe silence in the library.
2. Social interaction - Communication allows individuals to interact with others.
Example: The members of SCA who are grade 11 students conduct Bible sharing.
3. Motivation - Communication motivates or encourages people to live better.
Example: One of the COVID-19 survivors shared his journey on how he surpassed all
the challenges he experienced in overcoming the said disease.
4. Emotional Expression - Communication facilitates people’s expression of their feelings
and emotions.
Example: Ana admitted that she does not like to be a friend of Janice because of her
annoying habit.
5. Information dissemination - Communication functions to convey information.
Example: Kuya Kim reports the weather updates of the Typhoon Quinta.

Models of Communication
The best way to understand communication is to see it graphically. Many authors and
researchers have come up with their own models based on what they want to emphasize as
being an important component of communication. The following four models of communication
will introduce the elements of communication.

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 1. The first and earliest model is that of Aristotle (5 BCE), who is a teacher of Rhetoric and
even put up an Academy to produce good speakers. The following is a representation of
his model.

(Message) (Listener)
SPEAKER
SPEECH AUDIENCE

Aristotle focused on the speaker and the message, the most important part in his
model, where the listener situated. According to him, these three major parts are really
important in terms of communication.

2. The second model is that of Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (1948) which gave
us the concept of “noise” from the telephone switchboard back in the 1940s.

Information
Source Transmitter Receiver Destination

Message Signal Received Message

Signal

Noise Source
In this model, Shannon and Weaver assert that the message sent by the Source
(Speaker) is not necessarily the message received by the destination (listener). This is due to
the intervention of “noise” or anything that hampers the communication. Even today, with our
advanced cellphone technology, there are still barriers to clear transmission and reception of
calls. Dropped calls, calls that echo and faint signals all interfere with the communication of the
message.

3. The third model is that of Wilbur Schramm, who is considered the Father of Mass
Communication. He came up with five models, but the Schramm Model (1955) we are
concerned with is the concept that explains why communication breakdown occurs.
Schramm asserts that communication can take place if and only if there is an overlap
between the field of experience of the speaker and the field of experience of the listener.

Field of experience Field of experience

SOURCE SIGNAL DESTINATION

What is field of experience? It is everything that makes a person unique - everything

he/she has ever learned, watched, seen, heard, read, and studied. In other words, it is
everything a person has ever experienced or not experienced, done or not done. In fact, this is
practically everything that has happened in his/her life. It is the field of experience that is used to
interpret the message and create a response. It is also the field of experience of the listener that

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needs to overlap with the speaker’s field of experience, which can only happen when the two
fields have commonalities. For example, the teacher must deliver his/her lecture in either
English or Filipino because that is the language that students know and use.

4. The fourth model is that of Eugene White (1960), who tells us that communication is
circular and continuous, without a beginning or end. This is why he made a cyclical
model. He also points out that although we can assume that communication begins with
thinking, communication can actually be observed from any point in the circle.

Expressing
Symbolizing Transmitting

Thinking Receiving

Monitoring Decoding

Feedback

Eugene White contributed the concept of feedback to the field of communication.

Feedback is the perception of the speaker about the Response of the Listener. The Speaker
can only receive feedback if the speaker is monitoring the Listener. The Speaker will know what
the Listener’s response is only if he/she paying attention.

There are just four models of communication being discussed but there are other
models, but these four will guide you in understanding how communication is processed.

A. For the first activity, I want you to test your learning about the functions of communication.
By that, you will identify the function of communication in each of the following situations.
Write your answers on the space provided. (1 point each)

______________ 1. The Discipline Officer of DPC reads and discusses school policies to the
students.
______________ 2. Shiela and Marie start talking about their plans about the upcoming
holidays.
______________ 3. Kathryn shares her personal insights on how to live peacefully despite a
complicated life.
______________ 4. Manny shares his personal impression to the new adviser.
______________ 5. The General Mathematics teacher lectures about mathematical concepts.
______________ 6. The Police officer told the motorists to get a travel pass before they will be
allowed to pass the checkpoint.
______________ 7. A tourist’s guide orients a group of tourists about a heritage site.
______________ 8. The city mayor presents his strategies to execute the plans in a public
forum.
______________ 9. The President delivers his last State of the Nation Address.
______________ 10. Angela and her groupmates report the nature of communication in front of
the class.
______________ 11. Mimi and friends talk about their experiences in a field trip they have
joined.
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______________ 12. DOH warned everyone to stay at home to prevent COVID-19 from
spreading.
______________ 13. Angeline shares on social media about the depression she experiences in
the New Normal.
______________ 14. A former student of DPC shares her personal tips on how to improve
study habits in the New Normal.
______________ 15. DPC’s Faceboook page uploaded a new set of schedules for the Senior
High School students.

B. Are you a fan of the Harry Potter film series? If yes, I know that you are familiar with Emma
Watson. A famous British actress and model whose most notable role is that of Hermione
Granger in the Harry Potter film series. In view of this, I want you to watch Emma’s speech
in a special event for UN “Women’s HEForShe campaign”. Afterwards, discuss the elements
of communication based on the said speech guided by the questions below. (Go to
Schoology for the link) (3 points each)

Rubrics: Content 2 points

Correctness of answer 1 point

1. Who is the speaker or source of the message?

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2. What is the message being sent?

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3. Who is the intended listener or receiver?

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4. What is the channel being used?

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5. Is “noise” present? Explain your answer.

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6. Is feedback possible? Explain your answer.

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 It is now time to express your creativity and knowledge on how to create your own model
of communication. Before that, answer the question below based on what you have already
learned on our previous lesson about the four models of communication. (20 points)

1. Which of the four communication models do you think is the most appropriate in the process
of communication? Explain your answer. It will be evaluated based on content and
organization of ideas. (5 points)

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2. Create your own model of communication. Take into consideration the elements of
communication that we have discussed earlier.

Rubrics: Creativity 10 points

Content 5 points

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 One of the characteristics of communication is that means the process of sharing and
conveying messages from one person to another. By that, I want you to effectively communicate
your message by answering the following situations.

Rubrics: Appropriateness of the answer 3 points

Message Content 2 points

1. What will be the best advice you can give to a friend who is a victim of cyber-bullying?
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2. What will you advise to a friend who is suffering from depression?

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Why is it important to have good communication skills?

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Share your feedback about this week’s lesson and write under the column To the
Teacher.

To the Student To the Parents To the Teacher

ORALCOMM, Q1W1;SALVADOR, L. 9
 Mary Mother of the Good Shepherd, pray for us.
Jesus, You are my Lord, my happiness lies in You alone.

Flores, R. S., et.al, 2016. Oral Communication in Context. Rex Book Store, Inc., Quezon City.

Nuval, E. G., et.al, 2016. Essentials of Oral Communication. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.,
Mandaluyong City.

Emma’s speech in special event for UN “Women’s HEForShe campaign”:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIwU-9ZTTJc.

Elements of communication:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRT1Oqz3Nvo.

Nature and Elements of communication:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1p9HxoWhboM.

Process of communication:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6u0AVn-NUM.

Please write the Honor Code Pledge Here:

(On my honor I pledge that I completed this task without giving or receiving any
unauthorized assistance.)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

___________________ _________________
Signature of Student Signature of Parents

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