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    Arabic Grammer

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    syed_akmal
    This document provides an overview of how language is structured in Arabic according to traditional Arabic linguistics. It begins by defining the basic components of language from the smallest units to larger structures. Any sound from the mouth is an utterance, which can be sensible coined utterance or nonsensible unpointed utterance. Coined utterances form words or groups of words. Groups of words become phrases without a link between subject and predicate, or sentences with this link. Words are divided into nouns, verbs, and particles. Sentences can be nominal, beginning with a noun, or verbal, beginning with a verb.

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    Arabic Grammer

    Uploaded by

    syed_akmal
    103 views3 pages
    This document provides an overview of how language is structured in Arabic according to traditional Arabic linguistics. It begins by defining the basic components of language from the smallest units to larger structures. Any sound from the mouth is an utterance, which can be sensible coined utterance or nonsensible unpointed utterance. Coined utterances form words or groups of words. Groups of words become phrases without a link between subject and predicate, or sentences with this link. Words are divided into nouns, verbs, and particles. Sentences can be nominal, beginning with a noun, or verbal, beginning with a verb.

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    This document provides an overview of how language is structured in Arabic according to traditional Arabic linguistics. It begins by defining the basic components of language from the smallest units to larger structures. Any sound from the mouth is an utterance, which can be sensible coined utterance or nonsensible unpointed utterance. Coined utterances form words or groups of words. Groups of words become phrases without a link between subject and predicate, or sentences with this link. Words are divided into nouns, verbs, and particles. Sentences can be nominal, beginning with a noun, or verbal, beginning with a verb.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    103 views3 pages

    Arabic Grammer

    Uploaded by

    syed_akmal
    This document provides an overview of how language is structured in Arabic according to traditional Arabic linguistics. It begins by defining the basic components of language from the smallest units to larger structures. Any sound from the mouth is an utterance, which can be sensible coined utterance or nonsensible unpointed utterance. Coined utterances form words or groups of words. Groups of words become phrases without a link between subject and predicate, or sentences with this link. Words are divided into nouns, verbs, and particles. Sentences can be nominal, beginning with a noun, or verbal, beginning with a verb.

    Copyright:

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Map of the Language

    ‫لَ ْفظ‬
    utterance
    ‫ُم ْه َمل‬ ‫ض ْوع‬
    ُ ‫َم ْو‬
    unpointed coined
    ‫َكالَم‬ ‫َكلِ َمة‬
     
    group of words word

    ‫َغرْي ُم ِفْي َدة‬ ‫مُجْلَة‬


       
    phrase sentence
     
    Any sound released from the mouth of a human is termed by the Arabs as ‘utterance’ (‫)لفظ‬. Now

    utterance may be sensible or it may not be. Sensible utterance is that which makes sense to the Arabs,
    and it is termed ‘coined utterance’ (‫)موضوع‬. Non-sensible utterance is that which does not carry any

    meaning for the Arabs. This includes things like foreign speech, awkward sounds, and so forth, and it is
    termed ‘unpointed utterance’ (‫)مهمل‬.

     
    Coined utterance is then either realized as single words ( ‫)كلمة‬, or as multiple words (‫)كالم‬. If these

    multiple words have a copula (a link between the subject and predicate) then the speech is termed a
    ‘sentence’ (‫)مجلة‬. Otherwise, the speech is known as a phrase (‫)كالم غري مفيد‬. Examples of sentences are “he

    is back” and “I ate the apple”, where “is” is the copula in the first sentence and the copula in the second
    sentence is abstract. Examples of phrases include “the old woman across the street”. Within these
    words there is no copula, hence the speech is a phrase.
    Words
    ‫كلمة‬
    word
    ‫َح ْرف‬ ‫فِ ْعل‬ ‫اِ ْسم‬
    particles verbs nouns
     
    Words are divided into three categories which are mutually exclusive and cover all words in the
    language. The first category is called ‘noun’ (‫ )اسم‬and it includes what we know in English as nouns,
    pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs. The second category is that of verbs (‫)فعل‬. And finally, the third
    category is that of particles (‫ )حرف‬which include English prepositions, articles, conjunctions, and

    particles. Note that particle is a catch-all term that includes things like interjections and other words that
    are not well-categorized.
     
    nouns
    ‫اسم‬ pronouns
    adjectives
    adverbs

    ‫فعل‬ verbs

    prepositions
    ‫حرف‬ articles
    conjunctions
    particles (such as most interjections)
     
    Practice: Under which of the three categories in Arabic would the following English words fits?
             boy
             cheap
             within
             an
             lifted
             brownies
             silently
             Oh no!
             our
    Phrases
    There are many types of phrases in the language. Most of them are introduced at calculated points in
    time, but two are of very special interest due to their productiveness and pedagogical benefits. These
    can be studied in the tutorial entitled Arabic Phrases.

    Sentences
    ‫مجلة‬
    sentence
    ‫فعليّة‬ ‫امسيّة‬
    verbal nominal
     
    There are two main types of sentences; nominal and verbal. The former is that sentence which
    effectively begins with a noun, and the latter is that which effectively begins with a verb. There are
    actually other ways in which we can categorize different types of sentences, but this method is by far
    the most productive and by far the most relevant. Other methods of categorization will be introduced in
    subsequent tutorials as needed.

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